MARINE RADAR

MODEL FR-2125V

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 C
Yo u r L o c a l A g e n t/D e a le r

9-52, A shihara-cho,
N ishinom iya, Japan

Te l e p h o n e : 0 7 9 8 -6 5 -2 111
Te l e f a x : 0798-65-4200

A ll rig h ts re s e rv e d .
FIRST EDITIO N : APR. 1999
Printed in Japan
G : AUG. 8, 2001

PUB. No. OM E-34710

(YO SH ) FR-2125V

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 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING
Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard
The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be
harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a
close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting
antenna at a close distance.

Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the table
below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,
your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna
revolution. This is possible Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide
this feature.

Distance to RF power density

Radiator Distance to
Model 10 W/m2 on antenna
type 100 W/m2 point
point aperature

XN12AF (4')
FR-2125V 10.0 m
XN20AF 6.5') 1.1 m worst case 200 W/cm2
(X-band, 25 kW) worst case
XN24AF (8')

WARNING WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD Turn off the radar power
Do not open the equipment. switch before servicing the
antenna unit. Post a warn-
Only qualified personnel ing sign near the switch
should work inside the indicating it should not be
equipment. turned on while the antenna
unit is being serviced.
Wear a safety belt and hard
hat when working on the Prevent the potential risk of
antenna unit. being struck by the rotating
antenna and exposure to
Serious injury or death can RF radiation hazard.
result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast.

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 WARNING WARNING
Do not disassemble or modify the Do not place liquid-filled containers on
equipment. the top of the equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid
result. spills into the equipment.

Turn off the power immediately if water Do not operate the equipment with wet
leaks into the equipment or the equip- hands.
ment is emitting smoke or fire.
Electrical shock can result.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock. Keep heater away from equipment.

Use the proper fuse. Heat can alter equipment shape and melt
the power cord, which can cause fire or
Fuse rating is shown on the equipment. electrical shock.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in equip-
ment damage.

Danger/Warning Labels in Display Unit

This display unit contains the danger/warning labels shown below. Do not remove the
labels. If a label is peeling off or is illegible, contact a FURUNO agent for replacement.

WARNING WARNING WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not Display unit may fall. Possibility of injury.
remove cover. No user-serviceable Lock stay before Hold handle when
parts inside. servicing. mounting display unit.

Name: Warning Label Name: Warning Label Name: Warning Label

Type: 86-003-1011 Type: 03-144-1332 Type: 03-144-1333
Code No.: 100-236-230 Code No.: 100-266-290 Code No.: 100-266-300

DANGER DANGER DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Electrical shock hazard. Electrical shock hazard.
Do not touch parts inside Do not touch anode cap Turn off power before
this cover. or its cable. servicing.

Name: Danger Label Name: Danger Label Name: Danger Label

Type: 14-055-4202 Type: 14-055-4201 Type: 66-022-2012
Code No.: 100-245-220 Code No.: 100-243-450 Code No.: 100-237-730

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 Safety Instructions for ARPA ARP-26 (Option)

WARNING CAUTION
No one navigational aid should be relied The plotting accuracy and response of
upon for the safety of vessel and crew. this auto plotter meets IMO standards.
The navigator has the responsibility to Tracking accuracy is affected by the
check all aids available to confirm following:
position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational • Tracking accuracy is affected by course
principles and common sense. change. One to two minutes is required to
restore vectors to full accuracy after an
• This auto plotter automatically tracks an abrupt course change. (The actual
automatically or manually acquired radar amount depends on gyrocompass
target and calculates its course and specifications.)
speed, indicating them by a vector. Since • The amount of tracking delay is inversely
the data generated by the auto plotter proportional to the relative speed of the
are based on what radar targets are target. Delay is on the order of 15—30
selected, the radar must always be seconds for high relative speed; 30—60
optimally tuned for use with the auto seconds for low relative speed.
plotter, to ensure required targets will not
be lost or unwanted targets such as sea Display accuracy is affected by the
returns and noise will not be acquired following:
and tracked.
• Echo intensity
• A target does not always mean a land- • Radar transmission pulsewidth
mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels • Radar bearing error
but can imply returns from sea surface • Gyrocompass error
and clutter. As the level of clutter changes • Course change (own ship or target)
with environment, the operator should
properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN
and GAIN controls to be sure target
echoes are not eliminated from the
radar screen.

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 Safety Instructions for VIDEO PLOTTER RP-26 (Option)

CAUTION
No one navigational aid should be relied
upon for the safety of vessel and
crew. The navigator has the responsi-
bility to check all aids available to
confirm position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational
principles and common sense.

❐ Digital charts cannot replace official

nautical charts.
Digital charts are intended as an aid to
navigation. Position should always be
checked against nautical charts, as well
as other aids to navigation.

❐ Digital charts cannot replace the

radar.
Digital charts can only show own ship’s
position relative to a chart feature
(coastline, lighthouse, etc.). They cannot
show other vessels, as does the radar.
Digital charts can never replace the
radar.

❐ Handle chart/memory cards carefully.

• Keep cards away from heat sources.
• Keep cards away from magnets and
magnetic material.
• Replace cards in their protective cases
after use.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ................................................................................... ix

1. OPERATION
1.1 Turning on the Power ................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Transmitter ON .......................................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Control Head ............................................................................................................. 1-3
1.4 CRT Brilliance ........................................................................................................... 1-5
1.5 Tuning the Receiver .................................................................................................. 1-5
1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers .............................................................................. 1-6
1.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen..................................................................................... 1-7
1.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout ..................................................................................... 1-8
1.9 Entering Own Ship’s Speed ...................................................................................... 1-9
1.10 Presentation Modes ................................................................................................ 1-10
1.11 Selecting the Range Scale ...................................................................................... 1-13
1.12 Selecting the Pulsewidth ......................................................................................... 1-13
1.13 Adjusting the Sensitivity .......................................................................................... 1-15
1.14 Suppressing Sea Clutter ......................................................................................... 1-15
1.15 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter ............................................................................ 1-17
1.16 Interference Rejector ............................................................................................... 1-17
1.17 Measuring the Range .............................................................................................. 1-18
1.18 Measuring the Bearing ............................................................................................ 1-20
1.19 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL ....................................................................... 1-21
1.20 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ............................................ 1-22
1.21 Setting a Target Alarm Zone .................................................................................... 1-23
1.22 Off-Centering ........................................................................................................... 1-25
1.23 Echo Stretch ............................................................................................................ 1-25
1.24 Echo Averaging ....................................................................................................... 1-26
1.25 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) ................................................................................... 1-28
1.26 Target Trails ............................................................................................................. 1-32
1.27 Parallel Index Lines ................................................................................................. 1-34
1.28 Origin Mark .............................................................................................................. 1-36
1.29 Zoom ....................................................................................................................... 1-37
1.30 Markers ................................................................................................................... 1-37
1.31 Menu Keys .............................................................................................................. 1-38
1.32 RADAR 1, 2 and 3 Menu Settings ........................................................................... 1-39
1.33 Function Keys ......................................................................................................... 1-40
1.34 Barge Information .................................................................................................... 1-46
1.35 Radar Map .............................................................................................................. 1-46
1.36 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes ......................................................................... 1-50
1.37 Displaying External Waypoint and Navigation Line ................................................. 1-50
1.38 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data ......................................................................... 1-51
1.39 Display of Wind/Tide/Depth/Time ............................................................................ 1-52
1.40 Rate-of-Turn Scale .................................................................................................. 1-53
1.41 Alarms ..................................................................................................................... 1-54

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 2. RADAR OBSERVATION
2.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 False Echoes ............................................................................................................ 2-3
2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ................................................................ 2-5
2.4 RACON (Radar Beacon) ........................................................................................... 2-7

3. MAINTENANCE
3.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule ................................................................................ 3-2
3.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts ................................................................................. 3-2
3.3 Replacement of Battery ............................................................................................. 3-3

4. TROUBLESHOOTING
4.1 Easy Troubleshooting ................................................................................................ 4-2
4.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 4-2
4.3 Diagnostic Test .......................................................................................................... 4-4

5. ARPA ARP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

5.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Controls for ARPA ..................................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 ARPA Menu Operation .............................................................................................. 5-2
5.4 Start-up Procedure .................................................................................................... 5-4
5.5 Automatic Acquisition ................................................................................................ 5-6
5.6 Manual Acquisition .................................................................................................... 5-9
5.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size, Plot Symbols .............................................................. 5-10
5.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks ............................................................................ 5-12
5.9 Displaying Target Data ............................................................................................ 5-13
5.10 Vector Modes .......................................................................................................... 5-14
5.11 Past Position Display .............................................................................................. 5-15
5.12 Set and Drift (Set and Rate) .................................................................................... 5-16
5.13 Setting CPA/TCPA Alarm Ranges ........................................................................... 5-17
5.14 Setting a Guard Zone .............................................................................................. 5-18
5.15 Operational Warnings .............................................................................................. 5-20
5.16 Trial Maneuver ........................................................................................................ 5-21
5.17 ARPA Performance Test .......................................................................................... 5-24
5.18 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking ............................................................... 5-25
5.19 Factors Affecting ARPA Functions ........................................................................... 5-26

6. VIDEO PLOTTER RP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

6.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 The Video Plotter Display .......................................................................................... 6-2
6.3 Display Modes ........................................................................................................... 6-2
6.4 Set-up of Video Plotter Display ................................................................................. 6-4
6.5 Track ......................................................................................................................... 6-6
6.6 Marks, Lines .............................................................................................................. 6-8
6.7 Waypoints ................................................................................................................. 6-11
6.8 Navigation Lines ...................................................................................................... 6-13
6.9 Recording, Replaying Data ..................................................................................... 6-16
6.10 Initial Settings .......................................................................................................... 6-17

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 APPENDIX
Menu Tree .......................................................................................................................... A-1
Set-up for Fishing Vessel ................................................................................................... A-6

SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................. SP-1

INDEX

vii
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 INTRODUCTION

A Word to the Owner of FURUNO Radar

Thank you for purchasing this FURUNO radar. We are confident you will discover why
FURUNO has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

Dedicated in the design and manufacture of marine electronics equipment for more than
half a century, FURUNO Electric Company has gained an unrivaled reputation as a world
leader in the industry. This is the result of our technical excellence as well as our world-
wide distribution and service network.

Please carefully read and follow the safety information and operating and maintenance
instructions set forth in this manual before attempting to operate the equipment and con-
duct any maintenance. Your radar set will perform to the utmost of its ability only if it is
operated and maintained in accordance with the correct procedures.

Features of this Series of Radars

• Daylight-bright rasterscan 21-inch multi-color, high-resolution display
• New microprocessing technology with high-speed high-density gate array and software
expertise
• New cast aluminum scanner gearbox and new series of radiators
• Easy operation by combination of discrete keys, rotary controls, and menu operation,
all logically arranged and configured.
• Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) fitted standard.
• Reliable CPA and TCPA warning in any plotting mode, accurate target data.
• Stand-alone or integrated configuration
• A Video Plotter (Chart Plotter) is also optionally available.

viii
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 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

ANTENNA UNIT
XN12AF-RSB-0074-063
XN12AF-RSB-0075-063
XN20AF-RSB-0074-063
XN20AF-RSB-0075-063
XN24AF-RSB-0074-063
XN24AF-RSB-0075-063

DISPLAY UNIT
RDP-126

ARPA
ARP-26*

Gyrocompass Gyro Converter Slave Display

GC-8 FMD-8010

Navigator IEC-61162-1 Serial Data Video Plotter

(Input/Output) RP-26*
Performance
Speed Log IEC-61162-1 Serial Data Alarm Kit
Monitor
(Input) PM-30

* Not available for statute

mile-(SM) type radar. AC spec
DC spec
Rectifier Transformer Unit
RU-3424 RU-1803

Ship's Mains 440 VAC

Option 24-32 VDC 1, 50/60 Hz
or
100-115/220-230 VAC
1, 50/60 Hz

AC spec or DC spec to be selected.

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 1. OPERATION

1.1 Turning on the Power

DANGER
Before turning on the radar, make sure
no one is near the antenna unit.

Serious injury or death may result if a

rotating antenna strikes someone standing
nearby.

The [POWER] switch is located at the left corner of the control head. Push it to switch on
the radar system. To turn off the radar, push it again. The screen shows the bearing scale
and digital timer in approximately 15 seconds after power-on. The timer counts down
three minutes of warm-up time. During this period the magnetron, i.e., transmitter tube, is
warmed for transmission. When the timer has reached 0:00, the indication STBY appears,
indicating the radar is now ready to transmit pulses.

POWER switch

Tuning
Compartment

Control Head
Figure 1-1 Display unit

Note: Allow 10 seconds to elapse before turning off the power, to permit writing of
settings.

In warm-up and standby condition, you will see the message BRG SIG MISSING. This is
normal because a bearing (azimuth) signal is not yet generated when the antenna is not
rotating. ON TIME and TX TIME values shown at the bottom of the screen are the time
counts in hours and tenths of hour the radar has been powered.

1-1
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 1.2 Transmitter ON
When the STANDBY status is displayed on the screen, press the transmit switch labeled
STBY/TX on the control head of the display unit.

The radar is initially set to previously used range and pulsewidth. Other settings such as
brilliance levels, VRMs, EBLs and menu option selections are also set to previous set-
tings.

The transmit switch toggles the radar between STANDBY and TRANSMIT status. The
antenna stops in STANDBY status and rotates in TRANSMIT status.

If the antenna does not rotate in TRANSMIT status, check whether the antenna switch in
the tuning compartment is in the OFF position.

The magnetron ages with time resulting in a reduction of output power. It is highly recom-
mended that the radar be set to STANDBY status when not used for an extended period of
time.

Note: The example screens shown in this manual may not match the screens you see on
your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment
settings.

Quick start
Provided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm,
you can turn the radar into TRANSMIT condition without 3-minutes standby. If the [POWER]
switch has been turned off by mistake or the like and you wish to restart the radar promptly,
turn on the switch not later than 10 seconds after power-off.

Video Freeze-up Recovery

Video freeze-up or lock-up can occur unex-
pectedly on any digital rasterscan radars.
This is mainly caused by heavy spike noise
in the power line and can be noticed by
carefully watching the nearly visible sweep
line. If you suspect that the picture is not
updated every scan of the antenna or no
key entry is accepted notwithstanding the
apparently normal pictures, do Quick Start
to restore normal operation.

1. Turn off the [POWER] switch and within

10 seconds turn it on again.
2. Press the Transmit switch labeled
STBY/TX for transmit condition.

Note: This equipment has a self-diagnostic

function to check operational software
periodically. If any trouble has been found,
the ERROR lamp lights. In this case, do the
above procedure.

1-2
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 1.3 Control Head
AUDIO OFF
Acknowledges audible alarms, no effect on
visual alarms.

RADAR MENU
A/C RAIN Sets various parameters for
Suppresses clutter from radar operation and radar map.
rain, snow, clouds. A/C SEA
Suppresses sea clutter to NAV MENU
improve the short range Sets parameters for nav info.
discrimination.
BRILLIANCE PLOT MENU
Adjusts the brightness GAIN
Adjusts the radar sensitivity. for plotting
of entire screen.

POWER
HL PANEL MODE AUDIO RADAR PLOT NAV
OFF BRILL OFF MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3

OFF LOST
BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN CENTER VECTOR TARGET
ON
4 5 6
OFF PM ACQ
ANTENNA
CHART
EBL MARK
#1 #2 STBY
ALIGN
TARGET
OFF ON OFF ON 7 8 9
TX DATA
TUNE
TARGET CU, TM A/C
EBL #3 #4 RANGE VRM TRAILS RESET AUTO TARGET
DEGAUSS ERROR
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL

EBL Control, VRM Control, TRACKBALL

EBL ON/OFF Keys VRM ON/OFF Keys Shifts the cursor for plotting,
Pressing ON key toggles Pressing ON key toggles entering reference points,
between No.1 and No.2 between No.1 and No.2 etc.
EBLs. VRMs.
FUNCTION Keys
#1: Set-up 1 TRANSMIT/STANDBY
#2: Set-up 2
#3: Set-up 3 RANGE Keys
#4: Set-up 4 Select the range scales.

Figure 1-2 Control head

1-3
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 (3) (2) (1) (12)

HL PANEL AUDIO RADAR PLOT NAV

OFF BRILL MODE
OFF MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3

OFF LOST
(4) CENTER VECTOR TARGET (13)
4 5 6
ACQ (8)
EBL CHART
MARK
(5) OFFSET ALIGN
7 8 9 TARGET
DATA
(9)
TARGET CU, TM A/C
TRAILS RESET AUTO TARGET
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL (10)

(15)
(11) (6) (14) (7),
(16)

Figure 1-3 Control head, key panel

(1) MODE: Selects presentation modes: Head-up, Head-up TB, North-up, Course-up and
True Motion.
(2) PANEL BRILL: Adjusts brightness of the control head panel.
(3) HL OFF: Temporarily erases the heading line.
(4) OFF-CENTER: Activates and deactivates off-centering of the own ship position.
(5) EBL OFFSET: Activates and deactivates off-centering of the EBL origin.
(6) CU, TM RESET: Resets the heading line to 000° in course-up mode; moves own ship
position to 50% (75% for NM-type radar) radius in stern direction in the True Motion mode.
(7) A/C AUTO: Reduces sea clutter at preset level. Permits manual override by A/C SEA
and A/C RAIN controls.
(11) TARGET TRAILS/CANCEL: Erases target trails.

Keys for EPA or ARPA (optional)

(8) ACQ: Acquires a target after selecting it by trackball.
(9) TARGET DATA: Displays acquired target data.
(10) TARGET CANCEL: Terminates plotting of a specified target or all tracked targets.
(12) VECTOR: Selects vector mode; true or relative.
(13) LOST TARGET: Silences the lost target audible alarm and erases the lost target
symbol.
(14) CHART ALIGN: Aligns chart with the radar display. Used with radar map/video plot-
ter.
(15) MARK: Enters/erases mark. Used with radar map/video plotter.
(16) ENTER: Used to save settings on menu screen.
Keys 0-9: Select video plotting symbols. Also used for entering numeric data in any mode
as applicable.

1-4
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 1.4 CRT Brilliance
The [BRILLIANCE] control on the control head of the display unit adjusts the entire screen
brightness. Note that the optimum point of adjustment varies with ambient light conditions,
especially between daytime and nighttime.

Note: The CRT brilliance should be adjusted before adjusting relative brilliance levels on
the BRILLIANCE menus to be explained later.

1.5 Tuning the Receiver

Tuning method can be selected at the RADAR 3 menu; auto or manual.

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key.

2. Press [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] in sequence to display the RADAR 3 menu.
3. Press the [9] key twice to select AUTO or MAN(ual).
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.
5. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.5.1 Automatic tuning

The radar receiver is tuned automatically each time the power is turned on; thus, there is
no front panel control for tuning. The tuning indicator and the label AUTO TUNE at the top
right corner of the display unit show the tuning circuit is working.

1.5.2 Manual tuning

If you are not satisfied with the current tune setting, follow these steps to fine-tune the
receiver:

1. Set the tuning method to manual as described above.

2. While observing the picture on the 48 mile scale, slowly adjust the [TUNE] control in
the tuning compartment and find the best tuning point.

[TUNE] control ERROR lamp

Figure 1-4 Control head, showing tuning compartment

3. Make sure that the radar has been set to the best tuning point. This condition is where
the tuning indicator lights to about 80% of its total length. Note that the tuning indicator
will never extend to full length.

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 1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers

Rate-of-Turn Scale
Heading Marker

Range/Range 2nd Trace Heading Line

Ring Interval Echo Rejector Tuning Bar

Range and bearing

0.75/0.25SM P
90° 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° 90°
SB
AUTO TUNE Heading
+0.350SM /MIN
to cursor 2ND ECHO
HDG 123.4°T GYRO
Speed Source,
330.0° T 350 000 010 SPEED 14.8KT WT LOG
Presentation HEAD UP RM 340 020 ANT1 MAIN Speed
mode PULSE 1 M1330 Antenna,
Pulselength 030 SET & DRIFT
EAV3 Display in use
Echo Averaging IR1 320 040
ES3 Set & Drift
Interference Rej. 310 050
Echo Stretch
300 060
Guard Alarm
Fixed Range
Cursor 290 070 Rings

No.1 VRM 280 080

No.1 EBL
270 090
No.2 VRM

260 100
No.2 EBL
250 110
0
S W
20 Depth data from
240 40 120
Wind data from 60 ext. equipment
ext. equipment DATA DISPLAY 80
100
E N
(See next page.) -30 20 10MINm North Marker
Zoom 230 130

X-band ZOOM220 140 Target Trail

X-BAND
A/C AUTO A/C AUTO 210 150 TRUE TRAIL Trail Time/
NOISE REJ 3MIN 1:25 Time Elapsed
Noise Rej. 200 160
OFFCENTER 190 TGT ALARM 1
180 170
TGT ALARM 2 Target Alarm
Off-center
EBL WATCH 5 : 30 VRM
No.1 EBL bearing 044.4° T INDEX >0.600SM< No.1 VRM range
No.2 EBL bearing >130.1° T< >236.8° T< 0.150SM No.2 VRM range

Parallel Index Watch

Lines Orientation Stern Marker

Figure 1-5 On-screen legends and markers

Note: With the serial speed inputs and SOG selection, if the type of data is changed from
SOG to STW, the label SOG appears in red at the upper right corner on the screen.

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 0 : 03
RNG 0.439SM DEPTH 21.1m
BRG 122.7°T CURRENT 1.2KT
01 CSE 254.2°T BT TRU 105.7°T Nav Data
EPA
Target SPD 14.9KT BT TRU WIND 11.3KT
Data CPA 0.4SM 285.6°T
TCPA 0.0MIN Range and bearing
BCR 0.8SM 01 − > + 0.101SM from origin mark to
BCT> 99.9MIN 254.3°T cursor

EPA WPT 12 150.8SM Range and Bearing

EPA Setting 72.1°T to Waypoint*
TRUE VECTOR 6MIN BT
1999/03/03 13:28 UTC Date, Time

OWN SHIP [GP] 34°57.843N +CURSOR POSN 34°57.692N

Position Cursor Position
MAN 135°57.720E MAN 134°57.597E

* Nav data displayed when no

Alarm Message waypoint is selected.
Area

Figure 1-6 Data display

1.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen

Each time the radar is turned on, the degaussing circuit automatically demagnetizes the
CRT screen to eliminate color contamination caused by earth’s magnetism or magnetized
ship structure.

The screen is also degaussed automatically at certain time intervals. While being de-
gaussed, the screen may be disturbed momentarily with vertical lines. If you wish to de-
gauss by manual operation, open the tuning compartment and press the [DEGAUSS]
switch.

[POWER] switch POWER

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

ON
PM
Tuning compartment ANTENNA

#1 #2 STBY
OFF ON
TUNE
TX

DEGAUSS ERR EBL #3 #4 RANGE

[DEGAUSS] switch

Figure 1-7 Control head, showing tuning compartment

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 1.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout
When a gyrocompass is interfaced with the radar, ship’s heading is displayed at the top
right-hand corner of the screen. Upon turning on the radar, align the on-screen HDG read-
out with the gyrocompass reading by the procedure shown below. Once you have set the
initial heading correctly, resetting is not usually required. However, if the HDG readout
goes wrong for some reason, repeat the procedure to correct it.

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-8 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

2. Press the [0] key twice to display the FUNCTIONS 3 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (3)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 [RADAR (1)]
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2]
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3]
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4]
7 RADAR 1/2
8 INTER SWITCH
9 GYRO SETTING
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

Figure 1-9 FUNCTIONS 3 menu

3. Press the [9] key to select the option GYRO SETTING.

4. Rotate the EBL control to adjust the gyrocompass (heading) reading.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm the setting.

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 1.9 Entering Own Ship’s Speed
EPA and any azimuth stabilized presentation modes require speed input and gyrocom-
pass signal. The speed can be entered from a speed log (automatic) or through the plot-
ting keypad (manual).

1.9.1 Automatic speed input

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT SOG (Speed-over-the-ground) is the Speed Made Good
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN over the ground determined by EPFS, Echo Reference or
MAN = 00.00SM Dual-axis speed log. It is obtained by a distance between
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] points over the ground divided by the time spent for
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)] traveling between these two points.

Figure 1-10 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6 SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select LOG or NAV.
4. When the serial speed data is selected at the installation menu, select the speed mode,
STW (speed through the water) or SOG (speed over the ground). If pulse speed data
is selected, the STB/SOG does not appear.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the FUNCTIONS menu. The ship’s speed readout at the screen top shows
own ship’s speed fed from the speed log followed by the label “LOG.”

Notes on automatic speed input

1) IMO Resolution A.823(19) for ARPA recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with
an ARPA should be capable of providing through-the-water speed.
2) Be sure not to select LOG when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not
provided, the ship’s speed readout at the top right-hand corner will be blank.
3) SPD **.* and SIGNAL MISSING LOG appears if no log signal is present for 30 seconds
while the ship’s speed has been more than 5.0 kt.
4) With the serial speed inputs and SOG selection, if the type of data is changed from
SOG to STW, the label SOG appears in red at the upper right corner on the screen.

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 1.9.2 Manual speed input
1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
2. Press the [6] key to select menu 6 SHIP SPEED.
3. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight) MAN.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm selection. At this point, “MAN = 00.0KT” appears on
the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corresponding numeric keys followed by the [ENTER]
key without omitting leading zeros, if any. For example, if the ship speed is 8 knots,
press [0], [8], [ENTER].
6. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship speed
readout at the top right-hand corner shows own ship speed entered followed by the
label “MAN.”

1.10 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentation modes:

Relative Motion (RM)

Head-up: Unstabilised
Head-up TB: Head-up with gyrocompass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing) where
the bearing scale rotates with the gyrocompass reading.
Course-up: Gyrocompass-stabilized relative to ship’s intended course
North-up: Gyrocompass-stabilized with reference to north
True Motion (TM)

North-up: Ground or sea stabilized with gyrocompass and speed inputs

1.10.1 Selecting presentation mode

Press the [MODE] key on the control head. Each time the [MODE] key is pressed, the
presentation mode and mode indication at the upper left-hand corner of the screen change
cyclically.

[MODE] key Loss of Gyrocompass Signal

When the gyro compass signal is lost, the
presentation mode automatically becomes
head-up and the HDG (heading) readout at
HL
OFF
PANEL
BRILL
MODE AUDIO
OFF
RADAR PLOT NAV the top right-hand corner shows ***.*.
MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3 When the gyrocompass signal is restored,
OFF
CENTER VECTOR
LOST
TARGET
the indication SET HDG appears at the
4 5 6
ACQ
upper-right corneron the screen. Press the
EBL
CHART
ALIGN MARK [MODE] key, and the asterisks go off. Align
7 8 9 TARGET
DATA the HDG readout with the gyrocompass
TARGET
TRAILS
CU, TM
RESET
A/C
AUTO TARGET
reading, referring to the paragraph 1.8.
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL
Finally, press the CANCEL key to erase the
message SET HDG.

Figure 1-11 Control head, key panel

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 Presentation mode, Description
representative display
Heading A display without azimuth stabilization in which the
H Marker Heading
North Line line connecting the center with the top of the display
350 000
E Marker330
340
010
020
030 indicates own ship’s heading.
A 320 040
D 310 050

300 060
The target pips are painted at their measured dis-
U 290 070
tances and in their directions relative to own ship’s
P 280 080
heading.
270 090
A short line on the bearing scale is the north marker
260 100
indicating gyrocompass north. A failure of the gyro-
250 110 compass input will cause the north marker to dis-
240 120 appear and the readout to show asterisks (***.*).
230 130
220 140
210 150
200 160
190 180 170

H Heading Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the

Marker Heading head-up mode. The difference from normal head-up
E 240 250 Line
A 210
220 230 260
270
presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing
D 200 280 scale. The bearing scale is gyrocompass stabilized.
190 290 That is, it rotates in accordance with the gyro-
U 180 300 compass signal, enabling you to know own ship’s
P 170 310 heading at a glance.
160 320
T 150 330 This mode is available only when the radar is inter-
R 340 faced with a gyrocompass.
140
U
E 130 350
120 000
If the gyrocompass fails, the bearing scale returns to
B 110 010
the state of head-up mode.
E 100
090 030
020

A 080
070 060 050 040
R
I Bearing scale rotates with
N gyrocompass signal.
G

Heading An azimuth stabilized display in which a line connect-

Heading
C North Marker Line ing the center with the top of the display indicates
350 000 010
O Marker 340 020
330 030 own ship’s intended course (namely, own ship’s
U 320 040
previous heading just before this mode has been
310 050
R selected).
300 060
S
290 070
E Target pips are painted at their measured distances
280 080
and in their directions relative to the intended course
U 270 090
which is maintained at the 0-degree position while the
P 260 100
heading line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing
250 110 and course change. This mode is useful to avoid
240 120 smearing of picture during course change. After a
230 130 course change, press the [CU, TM RESET] key to
220 140
210 150
reset the picture orientation if you wish to continue
200
190 180 170
160
using the course-up mode. The heading line gets
back to scale zero.

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 Presentation mode, Description
representative display
North
N Heading Line In the north-up mode, target pips are painted at their
O 330
340
350 000 010
020
030
Heading measured distances and in their true (compass)
R 320 040
Marker directions from own ship, north bearing maintained up
T 310 050 of the screen. The heading line changes its direction
H 300 060 according to the ship’s heading.
290 070

U 280 080 If the gyrocompass fails, the presentation mode

P 270 090 changes to head-up and the north marker disappears.
260 100
Also, the HDG readout shows asterisks (***.*).
250 110

240 120
230 130
220 140
210 150
200 160
190 180 170

North Heading Line Own ship and other moving objects move in accord-
T ance with their true courses and speed. In ground
350 000 010
R 340 020 Heading
330 030
Marker stabilized TM, all fixed targets, such as landmasses,
U 320 040
appear as stationary echoes. In the sea stabilized TM
E 310 050
without set and drift inputs, the landmass can move on
300 060

070
the screen.
M 290

O 280 080
When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 50%*
T 270 090
of the radius of the display, it is automatically reset to a
I 260 100
point of 50%* radius opposite to the extension of the
O 250 110 heading line passing through the display center.
N 240 120 Resetting can be made at any moment before the ship
230 130 reaches the limit by pressing the [CU, TM RESET] key.
220 140
210 150 Automatic resetting is preceded by a beep sound.
200 160
190 180 170

If the gyrocompass fails, the mode is changed to the

head-up and the north marker disappears. The HDG
readout shows asterisks (***.*).

330
340 350 000 010 020
030 330
340 350 000 010 020
030
Target trail 330
340 350 000 010 020
030
320 040 320 040 320 040

310 050 310 050 310 050

300 060 300 060 300 060

290 070 290 070 290 070

280 080 280 080 280 080

270 090 270 090 270 090

260 100 260 100 260 100

250 110 250 110 250 110

240 120 240 120 240 120

230 130 230 130 230 130

220 140 220 140 220 140
210 150 210 150 210 150
200 160 200 160 200 160
190 180 170 190 180 170 190 180 170

(a) True motion selected (b) Own ship has reached a (c) Own ship is automatically
point 50%* of display radius reset to 50%* of radius

* 75% in case of NM-type radar.

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 1.11 Selecting the Range Scale
The display range scale is changed by pressing the [+] and [-] keys. The selected range
scale and range ring interval are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a
target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50–90% of the
display radius. The range scales are:

0.25–0.5–0.75–1–1.5–2–3–4–6–8–12–16–24–32–48–96 SM

1.12 Selecting the Pulsewidth

The pulsewidth in use is displayed at the upper left-hand position of the screen using the
abbreviations shown in the table below.

Appropriate pulsewidths are preset to individual range scales and function keys. There-
fore, you are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current
pulsewidth settings, however, it is possible to change them on the RADAR 1 menu as
shown in paragraph 1.12.2.

You can choose the pulsewidth 1 or 2 on the scales 0.5 to 24 SM ranges.

1.12.1 Selecting pulsewidth 1 or 2

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
2. Press the [6] key to select PULSE WIDTH 1 or 2 as appropriate.
3. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
Table 1-1 Available pulsewidths

Label Pulsewidth
S1 (Short pulse 1) 0.07 µs
S2 (Short pulse 2) 0.15 µs
M1 (Medium pulse 1) 0.3 µs
M2 (Medium pulse 2) 0.5 µs
M3 (Medium pulse 3) 0.7 µs
L (Long pulse) 1.2 µs

1.12.2 Presetting pulsewidth 1 and 2

Pulsewidth 1 and 2 can be preset on the PULSE WD 1 and 2 menus. Shown below are
examples of the pulsewidth setup procedure.

1. To enable selection of S1 (0.07 µs) and S2 (0.15 µs) pulsewidth on the 0.5 SM range,
select S1 at 0.5 SM on the PULSE WD 1 menu and S2 at 0.5 SM on the PULSEWIDTH
2 menu.

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 2. To enable selection of S2 (0.15 ms) and M1 (0.3 ms) pulsewidth on the 3 SM range,
select S2 at 3 SM in the PULSE WD 1 menu and M1 at 3 SM in the PULSE WD 2
menu.
A longer pulse provides an increased detection range, but with reduced discrimination. If
you need discrimination in preference to detection, choose a shorter pulse.

Example: To select S1 (0.07 ms) as Pulsewidth 1 for the 0.5 SM range, display the PULSE
WIDTH 1 menu following the steps shown above and hit the [2] key to choose “0.5 SM.”
Further hit the [2] key until the menu option “S1” is highlighted to the right of “0.5 SM.”

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key [1] key

[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG//NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

[0] key [1] key

[FUNCTIONS (3)] [RADAR (1)]

1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 [RADAR (1)] 2 EBL 1 REL/TRUE
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 3 EBL 2 REL/TRUE
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 4 VRM 1* NM/km * Does not appear on
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 5 VRM 2* NM/km SM-type radar.
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] [2] key 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE
7 [RADAR 1/2 7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT
8 INTER SWITCH 8 [PULSE WD 1]
9 GYRO SETTING 9 [PULSE WD 2]
EBL= xxx.x° 0 [RADAR (2)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

Figure 1-12 Sequence for selecting pulsewidth

In the RADAR 1 menu, select 8 for pulsewidth 1, or 9 for pulsewidth 2.

0.5 SM range S1/S2 0.75 SM range S1/S2/M1
1.5 SM range S1/S2/M1 3 SM range S2/M1/M2/M3
6 SM range M1/M2/M3/L 12-24 SM range M2/M3/L
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 1.13 Adjusting the Sensitivity
The [GAIN] control is used to adjust the sensitivity of the receiver, and thus the intensity of
echoes as they appear on the screen. It should be adjusted so that the speckled back-
ground noise is just visible on the screen.

To become acquainted with the way the [GAIN] control works, try rotating it between fully
counterclockwise and clockwise positions while observing the radar picture. You will no-
tice that clockwise rotation increases the echo intensity level. A low gain setting results in
the loss of weak echoes and a reduced detection range. If you turn the [GAIN] control too
far clockwise for an excessive gain setting, desired echoes will be masked in the strong
background noise.

[GAIN] control

POWER

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

ON
PM
ANTENNA

#1 #2 STBY
OFF ON
TUNE
TX

DEGAUSS ERR EBL #3 #4 RANGE

Figure 1-13 Control head

1.14 Suppressing Sea Clutter

In rough weather conditions returns from the sea surface are received over several miles
around own ship and mask close targets. This situation can be improved by properly
adjusting the [A/C SEA] (Anti-Clutter Sea) control.

[A/C SEA] control

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2 STBY
OFF ON
TX

EBL #3 #4 RANGE [A/C SEA] control off [A/C SEA] control

adjusted

Figure 1-14 Control head, A/C SEA effect

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 1.14.1 Automatic anti-clutter control
The easiest way to suppress the surface clutter is to use the automatic anti-clutter control.
Press the [A/C AUTO] key to turn the A/C AUTO circuit on or off. A/C AUTO appears at the
bottom left-hand corner of the screen when the A/C AUTO circuit is on.

Use of a function key is also a good method for reducing sea clutter. For this purpose,
presetting is required. Consult a FURUNO representative.

HL PANEL MODE AUDIO RADAR PLOT NAV

OFF BRILL OFF MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3

OFF LOST
CENTER VECTOR TARGET

EBL
4 5

CHART
ALIGN MARK
6
ACQ

TARGET
CAUTION
7 8 9
DATA
TARGET CU, TM A/C The auto A/C function can erase weak
TRAILS RESET AUTO TARGET
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL
targets.

[A/C AUTO] key

Figure 1-15 Control head

1.14.2 Manual anti-clutter control

From the fully counterclockwise position, slowly turn the [A/C SEA] control clockwise. For
optimum target detection, you should leave speckles of the surface return slightly visible.

The anti-clutter sea control is often referred to as STC (Sensitivity Time Control) which
decreases the amplification of the receiver immediately after a radar pulse is transmitted,
and progressively increases the sensitivity as the range increases.

A common mistake is to over-adjust the [A/C SEA] control so that the surface clutter is
completely removed. By rotating the control fully clockwise, you will see how dangerous
this can be; a dark zone is created near the center of the screen and close-in targets can
be lost. This dark zone is even more dangerous if the gain has not been properly adjusted.
Always leave a little surface clutter visible on the screen. If no surface clutter is observed
(on very calm waters), set the control at the fully counterclockwise position.

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 1.15 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter
In adverse weather conditions, clouds, rain or snow produce a lot of spray-like spurious
echoes and impairs target detection over a long distance. This situation can be improved
by using a function key provided that it is so programmed. If the function key fails to offer
a favorable suppression of the rain clutter, adjust the [A/C RAIN] control on the control
head.

[A/C RAIN] control

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2 STBY
OFF ON
TX

EBL #3 #4 RANGE
[A/C RAIN] control [A/C RAIN] control
off adjusted

Figure 1-16 Control head, A/C RAIN effect

The [A/C RAIN] control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the [A/C SEA] control does but
rather in a longer time period (longer range). Clockwise rotation of this control increases
the anti-clutter effect.

1.16 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in
the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in
irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from
the center to the edge of the picture. This type of interference can be reduced by activating
the interference rejector circuit.

The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received
signals over successive transmissions and suppresses randomly occurring signals. There
are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that
are correlated. These are indicated by the legends IR1, IR2 and IR3 at the upper left-hand
position of the screen.

Figure 1-17 Interference

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 To activate the interference rejector;

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key. The following appears.

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-18 RADAR menu

2. Press the [7] key to select INT REJECT.

3. Successive presses of the key increase the effect of interference rejection, up to level
3. A fourth press deactivates the interference rejector. Switch off the interference rejec-
tor when no interference exists; otherwise weak targets may be lost.
Note: For stable reception of certain types of radar beacons (Racons) or SART (Search
and Rescue Radar Transponder) as required by SOLAS 1974 as amended 1988 (GMDSS),
it is recommended to turn the interference rejector off.

1.17 Measuring the Range

Use the fixed range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target. They are the
concentric solid circles about own ship, or the sweep origin. The number of rings is auto-
matically determined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the
upper-left position of the screen.

1.17.1 Adjusting range ring briliance

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
2. Press the [0] key to display the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
3. Press the [9] key to display the BRILLIANCE 1 menu.

[BRILLIANCE (1)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 RINGS BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
3 EBL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
4 VRM BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
5 +CURSOR BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
6 CHAR BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
7 MARK BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
8 TRAIL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
9 HL BRILL DIM/M/BRT
0 [BRILLIANCE (2)]

Figure 1-19 BRILLIANCE 1 menu

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 4. Press the [2] key to select RINGS BRILL.
5. Press the [2] key again. Each pressing gradually increases the brightness of the rings
in 4 steps and the fifth pressing erases them.
6. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm you selection.
7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.17.2 Measuring the range with the VRM

Use the Variable Range Markers (VRMs) for more accurate measurement of the range to
a target. There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you
can discriminate them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished
from each other by different lengths of dashes.

1. Press the [VRM ON] key to display either of the VRMs. Successive presses of the
[VRM ON] key toggle the active VRM between No. 1 and No. 2 and the currently active
VRM readout is marked with >.....<.
2. Turning the VRM control, align the active variable range marker with the inner edge of
the target of interest and read its distance at the lower-right corner of the screen. Each
VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE+ or
RANGE- key. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in propor-
tion to the selected range scale.
3. Press the [VRM OFF] key to key to erase each VRM.
350 000 010
340 020
330 030
No.1 320 040 Target
VRM 310 050 blip
300 060

290 070

280 080

270 090

260 100

250 110
No.2
240 120
VRM
230 130
220 140
210 150
200
190 180 170
160 VRM
>0.66SM<
Active VRM is identified 1.18SM
with this marker.

Figure 1-20 How to measure range with VRM

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 1.18 Measuring the Bearing
Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of a target. There are two EBLs,
No. 1 and No. 2, which are toggled by successive presses of the [EBL ON] key. Each EBL
is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference
of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed one is
the No. 2 EBL.

1. Press the [EBL ON] key to display either of the EBLs. Successive presses of the [EBL
ON] key toggle the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2 and the currently active EBL
readout is marked with >... <.
2. Rotate the EBL rotary control clockwise or counterclockwise until the active EBL bi-
sects the target of interest, and read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.
3. Press the [EBL OFF] key to erase each EBL.

No.2
350 000
EBL 330 340
010
020
030 Target
320 040
blip
310 050

300 060

290 070

280 080

270 090

260
Range markers
100
No.1
250
on EBLs 110 EBL
240 120
230 130

EBL 220 140

210 150
>032.5°T< 200
190 180 170
160

298.0°T

Active EBL is indicated with this marker.

Figure 1-21 How to measure bearing with EBL

The EBL readout is affixed by “R” (relative) if it is relative to own ship’s heading, “T” (true)
if it is referenced to the north, as determined by the RADAR 1 menu settings.

Each EBL carries a range marker, or a short line crossing the EBL at right angles. Its
distance from the EBL origin is indicated at the VRM readout whether or not the corre-
sponding VRM is displayed. The range marker changes its position along the EBL with the
rotation of the VRM control.

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 1.19 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL
The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere with the trackball to enable measurement
of range and bearing between any two targets. This function is also useful for assessment
of the potential risk of collision. To assess possibility of collision:

1. Press the [EBL ON] key to display or activate an EBL (No. 1 or 2).
2. Place the cursor (+) on a target appearing as threatening (A in the illustrated example)
by operating the trackball.
3. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key on the mode panel, and the origin of the active EBL shifts
to the cursor position. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key again to anchor the EBL origin.
4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL control until the
EBL bisects the target at the new position (A1). The EBL readout shows the target
ship’s course, which may be true or relative depending on the settings on the RADAR
1 menu.
If relative motion is selected, it is also possible to read CPA (Closest Point of Approach)
by using a VRM as shown below (Figure (a)). If the EBL passes through the sweep
origin (own ship) as illustrated (Figure (b)), the target ship is on a collision course.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship’s position, press the [EBL OFFSET] key again.
350 000 010 350 000 010
340 020 340 020
330 030 330 030
320 040 320 040

310 050 310 050

300 A 060 300 A 060

290 070 290 070

280
A1
080 280 A1 080

270 090 270 090

260 100 260 100

250 250 110

110

240 240 120

120
230 230 130
No. 1 EBL
130
No.1 EBL 220 140
220 140
210 150 210 150
EBL 200
190
160 EBL 200
190 180 170
160
180 170
> 150.3°R< > 150.3°R<

(a) Evaluating course of target ship in RM (b) Target ship on collision course

Figure 1-22 Collision assessment with the offset EBL

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 1.20 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two
Targets
1. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key, and place the origin of the No. 1 EBL, for example, on a
target of interest (target 1 in the illustrated example), by operating the trackball.
2. Turn the EBL control until the EBL passes through another target of interest (target 2).
3. Turn the VRM control until the range marker aligns with target 2. The active VRM
readout at the lower-right corner of the screen indicates the distance between the two
targets.
You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets by using the No. 2 EBL
and No. 2 VRM.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix “R” or as a true bearing with the suffix
“T” depending on EBL relative/true settings on the RADAR 1 menu.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship position, press the [EBL OFFSET] key again.

Range marker 350 000 010

340 020
330 030
320 040
310 050
Target 2
300 060
No.1 EBL
290 070

280 Target 1 080

R2
270 090
R1
260 EBL origin 100

250 110
No.1 VRM
240 120
No.2 VRM
230 130
220 140
210 150
EBL 200 160
VRM
190 180 170 > 0.500SM<
> 140.0°T<
335.2°T 0.980SM

Range/bearing between targets 1 and 2

Figure 1-23 Measuring range and bearing between two targets

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 1.21 Setting a Target Alarm Zone

CAUTION CAUTION
The target alarm should not be relied The target alarm is given to targets
upon as the sole means for detecting having a certain level of echo strength.
possible collision situations. The opera- This level does not always imply a land-
tor of a ship is not relieved of the re- mass, reef, ships or other surface
sponsibility to keep lookout for possible objects but can mean returns from the
collisions, whether or not the radar is sea surface or precipitation. Properly
in use. adjust the [GAIN], [A/C SEA], and
[A/C RAIN] controls to reduce noise to
avoid generation of an alarm against a
false target.

The target alarm serves to alert the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering
a certain area with visual and audible alarms.

The outer and inner boundaries can be set at any distance. The sector of the zone can be
set anywhere between 0 and 360 degrees in any direction.

1.21.1 Setting a target alarm zone

1. Referring to Figure 1-24, use the trackball to place the cursor (+) at point “A”.
2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
3. Press the [2] key to set start point (point “A”) of the alarm zone. The message TGT
ALARM1 (or 2) SET appears at the bottom-right corner of the screen.
4. Move the cursor (+) to point “B” and press the [2] key again. Then, the target alarm
zone as illustrated is created and the label TGT ALARM1 (or 2) appears instead of TGT
ALARM1 (or 2) SET at the lower-right corner of the screen.
Note 1: If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around
own ship, set point “B” in almost the same direction (approx. ±3) as point “A” and press
the [2] key.

Note 2: If you change the range scale to less than half of the TAZ, the warning TGT
ALARM1 (or 2) OUT appears instead of TGT ALARM1 (or 2).

5. Two alarm zones can be set as described above. Press [ENTER] and [2] keys in that
order while displaying the FUNCTIONS 1 menu and repeat the above steps.

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 350 000 010
Target Alarm Zone (TAZ)
340 020
330 030
320 040
310 050

300 060

290 A B
070

280 080

270 090

260 100
When the radar has an ARPA board ARP-26, a total of
250 110 four alarm zones (2 each TAZ and GZ) may be set.
240 120
230 130 The 2nd TAZ or 2nd GZ is available only when the
220 140 1st TAZ or 1st GZ is valid.
210 150
200 160
190 180 170

Figure 1-24 How to set target alarm zone

1.21.2 Acknowledging alarm

A target entering the watch zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beeping)
alarms. To silence the audible alarm, press the [2] key shortly on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu
and the label TGT ALARM1 ACK replaces TGT ALARM1 on the display.

This will deactivate the audible alarm but will not stop the flashing of the target in the target
alarm zone. To reactivate the audible alarm, press the [2] key again on the FUNCTIONS 1
menu.

When an external buzzer is connected, the audible alarm does not stop until the target
alarm is deactivated.

1.21.3 Deactivating target alarm

Hold the [2] key depressed for at least five seconds on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

1.21.4 Inward and outward target alarms

An inward or outward target alarm can be selected on the RADAR 2 menu. The inward
target alarm generates visual and audible warnings when a target enters the guard zone
from any direction. The outward target alarm is produced when a target leaves the target
alarm zone.

(a) Inward target alarm (b) Outward target alarm

Figure 1-25 Inward and outward target alarm zones

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 1.22 Off-Centering
Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without
switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor
position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the
range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.

This feature is not available on the longest range scale or in the true motion mode. The
number of range rings increases, keeping the original range intervals unchanged.

To off-center the radar picture:

1. Place the cursor at a position where you wish to move the sweep origin by operating
the trackball.
2. Press the [OFF CENTER] key. Then, the sweep origin is off-centered to the cursor
position.
3. To cancel off-centering, press the [OFF CENTER] key again.

1.23 Echo Stretch

On long ranges target echoes tend to shrink in the bearing direction, making them difficult
to see. On short and medium ranges such as 1.5, 3 and 6 SM scales, the same size
targets get smaller on screen as they approach own ship. These are due to the inherent
property of the radiation pattern of the antenna. To enhance target video, use the echo
stretch function. There are 3 settings: echo stretch 1 (ES1) to enlarge in bearing direction
for long range detection, echo stretch 2 (ES2) to enlarge in range direction and echo
stretch 3 (ES3) to enlarge in both bearing and range directions.

To activate the echo stretch:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key to display the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 1-26 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

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 3. Press the [3] key to select ECHO STRETCH.
4. Press the [3] key until Echo Stretch option 1, 2, 3 or OFF as desired is highlighted.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the FUNCTIONS menu. Selected setting is indicated on the left side of the
radar display.

(a) ES1-Enlarged (b) ES2-Enlarged (c) ES3-Enlarged

in bearing direction in range direction in both range and
bearing directions

Figure 1-27 Echo stretch

Notes on use of echo stretch

1) If the 1.5 SM range is preset with a pulsewidth of S1 or S2, and the 3 SM scale with
S2, the echo stretch is not available on these range scales.
2) The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea
surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason make sure these types of interfer-
ence have been sufficiently suppressed before activating this function.

1.24 Echo Averaging

The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable
targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of
the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random
positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, this radar performs scan-to-scan corre-
lation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo signals over successive picture
frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is
averaged over successive scans resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to
discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter
with the [A/C SEA] control and then do the following:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

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 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 1-28 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [4] key to select ECHO AVERAGE.

3. Press the [4] key until echo average option 1, 2, 3 or OFF as desired is highlighted.
OFF: No averaging effect
1: Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance of unstable
echoes.
2: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys.
3: Stably displays distant targets.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the FUNCTIONS menu.

(a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average ON

Figure 1-29 Echo averaging

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion
over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown
while suppressing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo average is not however
effective for picking up small targets running
at high speeds over the ground.
CAUTION
Echo average is inoperable when a gyrocom-
pass signal is not available. If you wish to Do not use the Echo Average feature
use this feature without a gyrocompass sig- under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of
nal, consult a FURUNO representative. true targets can result.

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 1.25 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA)
A maximum 10 operator-selected targets can be plotted electronically to assess their motion
trend. Five past positions can be displayed for each of the plotted targets. If you enter a
6th plot on a certain target, the oldest plot (past position) will be erased.

A vector appears when you enter a second plot for the target and is updated each time a
new plot is entered. The vector shows the target motion trend based on its latest two plots.
The vector origin will move across the screen at a rate and direction defined by the calcu-
lated true course and speed until a next manual plotting.

Target data is shown in the data display area which shows bearing, course, speed, CPA,
TCPA, BCR, BCT calculated true course of targets, calculated true speed of targets.

Elapsed Time

0 : 03
RNG 0.439SM
BRG 122.7°T
01 CSE 254.2°T BT TRU
SPD 14.9KT BT TRU
350 000 010
340 020
330 030 CPA 0.4SM
320 040
TCPA 0.0MIN
310 050
BCR 0.8SM
300 060
BCT> 99.9MIN
290 070
01
280 080 EPA
270 090
Course TRUE VECTOR 6MIN BT
260 100

250 110

240 120 Speed Reference

230 130
Vector Reference (Bottom Tracking
220 140 (True or Relative) or Water Tracking)
210 150
200 160
190 180 170
NOTES: Vector Time
• Target 1 is on a collision course.
• TCPA calculated up to 99.9 min. TCPA EPA DATA
higher than this is shown as >*99.9MIN.

Figure 1-30 Sample EPA display

Target 01 in Figure 1-30 is on a collision course as the extension of the vector goes through
the own ship position. Placing the offset EBL on the target will be a help for assessment.
TCPA is counted up to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA >* 99.9 MIN.

Note: EPA requires speed input (automatic or manual) and a heading signal. The vector
and data are updated automatically every 1-2 scenes between plot entries, but do not
neglect to plot a new position over a long period of time. The accuracy will be reduced.
Note the plots will be lost when the gyrocompass fails; start the plotting exercise again.

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 1.25.1 Plotting a target
To perform electronic plotting:

1. Place the cursor(+) on a target of interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [ACQ] key and one of numeric keys, and the plot symbol with number ap-
pears at the cursor position.
3. Watching the EPA time shown at the screen center, wait for at least 30 seconds. Place
the cursor (+) on the target at its new location, press the [ACQ] key, and the same
numeric key for the target.
The plot symbol moves to the new target position and previous position is marked by a
small dot.

4. To acquire other targets, repeat the above steps selecting a different plot number.
Note: If a target once plotted is not plotted again within 10 minutes, the warning “UPDATE
PLOT” will appear in red on the bottom of the screen and the plot symbol of the target
flashes. If you want to continue plotting this target, reacquire it within five minutes. Other-
wise, the target will be regarded as a “lost target” and its plot symbol and target data will
be erased. The larger the plotting interval, the less accurate the plotted target data. Plot-
ting of each target should normally be made every three or six minutes as far as possible.
You can use a Watch Alarm to warn yourself every three or six minutes or whichever you
may set.

Within five seconds, you can cancel a last plot by the [TARGET CANCEL] key and make
a re-entry at a different position. After five seconds, the last entry is processed to produce
a vector.

1.25.2 True or relative vector

Vectors can be displayed relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or with reference to the
north (True). Press the [VECTOR] key to select the required mode. This feature is avail-
able in all presentation modes (gyrocompass must be working correctly). The current vec-
tor mode is indicated at the screen center.

1.25.3 Vector time

Vector time (or the length of vectors) can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30
minutes and the selected vector time is indicated at the screen center.

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [1] key several times to select vector time
desired.

[EPA]
1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN
2 COLLISION ALARM OFF/ON
CPA 0.0 SM
TCPA 00.0 MIN
3 MARK STD/LARGE
4 PLOT NO. OFF/ON

Figure 1-31 EPA menu

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 2. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.
3. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu. The vector tip shows an estimated
position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be valuable to ex-
tend the vector length to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

1.25.4 Target data

The radar calculates motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) of all
plotted targets.

In the head-up and head-up true bearing modes, target bearing, course and speed shown
in the upper-right target data field become true (T) relative to north or relative (R) relative
to own ship in accordance with true/relative vector setting. In the north-up, course-up, and
True Motion modes, the target data field always displays true bearing, true course, and
speed over the ground.

Reading the target data

Press the [ACQ] key and corresponding numeric key, and the following target data is
displayed.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to last-plotted target with
suffix “T” (True) or “R” (Relative) plot symbol.

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the last-plotted target
with the suffix “T” (True) or ”R” (Relative) plot symbol.

CPA/TCPA: CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is the closest range a target will approach to
own ship. TCPA is the Time to CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated.
TCPA is counted up to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA > *99.9 MIN.

BCR/BCT: BCR (Bow Cross Range) is the range at which a target will cross own ship’s
bow. BCT (Bow Cross Time) is the estimated time at which a target will cross own ship’s
bow. If BCR is negative, BCR/BCT readout is displayed as *.*.

1.25.5 Terminating target plotting

With EPA you can plot up to 10 targets. You may wish to terminate plotting of less impor-
tant targets to newly plot other threatening targets.

By Symbol: To terminate plotting of a certain target, press the [TARGET CANCEL] key
and then press the corresponding plot number key.

With Trackball: Use the trackball to place the cursor (+) on a target which you do not want
to be tracked any longer, and then press the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

All Targets: To terminate plotting of all targets at once, press and hold the [TARGET
CANCEL] key until all plot symbols and marks disappear (in about three seconds).

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 1.25.6 Setting CPA/TCPA alarm ranges
When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range
and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the EPA releases an aural
alarm and displays the warning label COLLISION on the screen. In addition, the EPA
symbol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.

Provided that this feature is used correctly, it will help prevent the risk of collision by alert-
ing you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other
radar controls are properly adjusted.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, ton-
nage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

CAUTION
The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should
never be relied upon as the sole means
for detecting the risk of collision. The
navigator is not relieved of the responsi-
bility to keep visual lookout for avoiding
collisions, whether or not the radar or
other plotting aid is in use.

To set the CPA/TCPA alarm ranges:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the EPA menu.

2. Press the [2] key to select COLLISION ALARM ON. At this point, a highlight cursor
appears at the “CPA x.x NM” field.
3. Enter the CPA alarm range in nautical miles (0.0 to 9.9 nm) without omitting leading
zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key. The highlight cursor now moves to the
“TCPA xx.x MIN” field.
4. Enter the TCPA alarm limit in minutes (1.0 to 99.0 minutes) without omitting leading
zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key.
5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

1.25.7 Silencing CPA/TCPA audible alarm

Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the CPA/TCPA audible alarm.

The warning label COLLISION and the flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector
remain on the screen until the dangerous situation is gone or you intentionally terminate
tracking of the offending target by using the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

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 1.25.8 Changing size of the plotting symbols
You can change the size of the plotting symbols as follows:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the EPA menu.

2. Press the [3] key two or three times until plot symbol size option STD (standard) or
LARGE is highlighted.
3. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key
to close the PLOT menu.

1.26 Target Trails

It is possible to display the trails of radar echoes in the form of synthetic afterglow. The
afterglow can be selected in a single tone or gradual shading as set on the RADAR 1
menu.

1.26.1 True or relative target trails

You may display target trails in true or relative motion (only true trail on TM). Relative trails
show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails require a gyro-
compass signal and speed input to cancel out own ship’s movement and present true
target movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses.

(a) True target trails (b) Relative target trails

(No smearing of (All targets moving
stationary targets) relative to own ship)

Figure 1-32 Target trails

Note: When true trail is selected on the RM mode, the legend TRUE TRAIL appears in
red. The TM modes always displays True trails.

To select true or relative target trail presentation:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by [0], [0] and [2] to display the RADAR 1
menu.

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 [RADAR (1)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 EBL1 REL/TRUE
3 EBL2 REL/TRUE
4 VRM1* NM/km
5 VRM2* NM/km * Does not appear
6 TRAIL REL/TRUE on SM-type radar.
7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT
8 [PULSE WD 1]
9 [PULSE WD 2]
0 [RADAR (2)]

Figure 1-33 RADAR 1 menu

3. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6 TRAIL.

4. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight) REL (Relative) or TRUE option.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection, and then press the [RADAR MENU]
key to close the menu.

1.26.2 Target trail gradation

Target trails may be shown in monotone or gradual shading. Gradual shading paints the
trails getting thinner with time just like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.

Monotone Gradual Shading

Figure 1-34 Trail gradation

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by [0], [0] and [2] to display the RADAR 1
menu.
3. Press the [7] key to select menu item 7 TRAIL GRAD.
4. Press the [7] key to select SGL (single tone) or MULT (multiple shading) option.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection; then [RADAR MENU] key to close
the menu.

1.26.3 Displaying, erasing target trails

Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by the [1] key to activate or deactivate the target
trails feature.

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-35 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

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 Each press of the [1] key within five seconds cyclically changes target trail length (time) as
below:

OFF - 30 s - 1 min - 3 min - 5 min - 15 min - 30 min - continuous - OFF

The current target trail setting is displayed at the lower-right corner of the screen.

Suppose that “3 MIN” has just been selected. If the [1] key is hit on the FUNCTION 1 menu
more than five seconds later, target trails are removed from the display (memory still alive
with target trail timer count going on). Next hitting of the key calls out the target trails on
the screen. To proceed to longer plot intervals, successively push the [1] key with a hit-
and-release action. The larger the target trail length, the larger the target trail plot interval.

Note: Holding the [1] key depressed for about three seconds on the FUNCTION 1 menu
will cause a loss of target trail data so far stored in the memory.

1.26.3 Resetting target trails

To reset (or clear) the target trail memory, hold the [TARGET TRAILS CANCEL] key de-
pressed for about three seconds. Target trails are cleared and the trailing process restarts
from time count zero at current target trail plot interval. When the memory assigned to
target trails becomes full the target trail timer at the lower-right corner of the screen freezes
and the oldest trails are erased to show the latest trails.

1.27 Parallel Index Lines

Parallel index lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a
coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Index lines are drawn in parallel with the No.
2 EBL (No. 2 EBL must be active). The orientation of the index lines is controlled with the
EBL control (without effecting the EBL indication) and the intervals between the lines ad-
justed with the VRM rotary control (provided that No. 2 VRM is active).

The maximum number of the index lines to display can be set for 2, 3 or 6 on the INITIAL
SETTING 3 menu.

NO.2 EBL

Parallel Index Lines

Figure 1-36 Parallel index lines

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 1.27.1 Displaying, erasing the index lines
1. Press [RADAR MENU], [4] key to display or erase the index lines.

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-37 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

2. Orient the index lines in a desired direction with the EBL rotary control. The azimuth of
the index lines appear at the bottom of the screen.

1.27.2 Adjusting index line intervals

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 1-38 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [8] key to select menu item 8 INDEX LINES.

3. Press the [8] key to select (or highlight) NO. 2 VRM or MAN (manual) option.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.
5. If you selected MAN in step 3 above, “MAN = 00.00NM” appears at the bottom of the
FUNCTIONS 2 menu. Enter a desired line interval (without omitting leading zeroes) by
hitting numeric keys and then press the [ENTER] key. There are choices of 2, 3 and 6
index lines but the number of lines visible on the screen may be less than 6 depending
on the line intervals.

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 6. If you selected NO. 2 VRM in step 3 above, make sure that the No. 2 VRM is active and
adjust the spacing between the index lines by operating the VRM control.
7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

1.28 Origin Mark

You can mark any reference points, prominent target or a point of particular interest using
the origin mark feature. These marks (max 10) are geographically fixed, that is, ground
stabilized. To display the origin marks, heading signal and position data are required.

1.28.1 Inscribing an origin mark

1. Using the trackball, place the cursor (+) at a point where you want to place a reference
mark.
2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
3. Press the [3] key. The origin mark appears at the cursor position of which range and
bearing are indicated at the screen center.
4. To measure the range and bearing to a target of interest from the origin mark, move the
cursor to the target of interest. Then, the range and bearing from the origin mark to the
target are shown at the screen center.
5. To enter another origin mark, press the [ENTER] key and the [3] key in the FUNC-
TIONS 1 menu. Place the cursor where you want to place the origin mark, then press
the [3] key.
6. To erase the origin mark, select the origin mark number in the FUNCTIONS 1 menu by
pressing the [ENTER] key and the [3] key repeatedly, and then press the [3] key once
again.
350 000 010
340 020
330 030
320 040
310 050

300 060

290 070

280 080
1
270 090
Cursor Origin
260 100
Mark
250 110

240
01 − > + 0.101SM
120
254.3°T
230 130
220 140
210 150
200 160
190 180 170 Range and bearing
from origin mark to
cursor

Figure 1-39 Origin mark

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 1.28.2 Attaching ID number or symbol to origin marks
Origin marks may be affixed with ID numbers or symbols corresponding to the keys in use.

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] to show the RADAR 3 menu.
2. Press the [5] key twice to select the number or symbol.
3. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

1.29 Zoom
The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing. Note
that the zoom feature is inoperative when the display is off centered.

1. Place the cursor (+) close to the point of interest by operating the trackball.
2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.
3. Press the [5] key. The area around the cursor and own ship is enlarged twice as large
as the original size and the label ZOOM appears at the lower-left corner of the screen.
4. To cancel zoom, press the [5] key again on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

1.30 Markers
1.30.1 Heading marker and heading line
The heading marker and the heading line indicate the ship’s heading in all presentation
modes. The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar
display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode, and in
the north-up and true motion modes it changes with ship’s movement. The heading marker
appears as a small circle on the bearing scale to indicate the heading when the display is
off-centered or is in north-up or TM mode.

Temporarily erasing heading line

To temporarily extinguish the heading line to look at targets existing dead ahead of own
ship, press the [HL OFF] key. The heading line reappears when the key is released.

1.30.2 North marker

The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up mode, the north marker
moves around the bearing scale in accordance with the gyrocompass signal.

1.30.3 Stern marker

The stern marker (a dot-and-dash line) appears opposite to the heading line. This marker
can be displayed provided that STERN MK ON is selected on the RADAR 2 menu.

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 1.30.4 Own ship symbol

The own ship symbol ( ) can be displayed/erased on the RADAR 2 menu. The symbol is
scaled to indicate the length and beam of the vessel. If the largest dimension of the sym-
bol gets smaller than 6 mm, the symbol will disappear and own ship will be represented
with a small dot or circle depending on the range in use. Details should be entered during
installation.

1.31 Menu Keys

Three menu keys are provided on the right hand corner of the control head: [RADAR
MENU], [PLOT MENU] and [NAV MENU].

RADAR MENU: Permits setting of basic radar parameters.

PLOT MENU: Permits setting of Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) parameters or the optional
ARPA ARP-26.

NAV MENU: Provides a choice of navigation data for on-screen display. Also selects dis-
play data for the optional Video Plotter.

HL PANEL MODE AUDIO RADAR PLOT NAV

OFF BRILL OFF MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3

OFF LOST
CENTER VECTOR TARGET
4 5 6
ACQ
CHART
EBL ALIGN MARK
7 8 9 TARGET
DATA
TARGET CU, TM A/C
TRAILS RESET AUTO TARGET
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL

Figure 1-40 Control head, menu keys

Note: Menu automatically goes off in 30 seconds if you do not press a key.

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 1.32 RADAR 1, 2 and 3 Menu Settings
[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] [RADAR (1)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 2 EBL 1 REL/TRUE
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 3 EBL 2 REL/TRUE
4 INDEX LINES 4 VRM 1*3 NM/km
5 ZOOM 5 VRM 2*3 NM/km
6 PULSE WIDTH 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE
7 INT REJECT 7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT
8 ARPA 8 [PULSE WD 1]
9 VIDEO PLOT 9 [PULSE WD 2]
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 0 [RADAR(2)]

[0] key [1] key [0] key

[FUNCTIONS (2)] [RADAR (2)]

1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 [RADAR (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ 2 + CURSOR REL/TRUE
BLK(RED CHAR)/ 3 NOISE REJ OFF/ON
BLU (ECHO AREA) 4 STERN MK OFF/ON
BLU/ 5 SHIP'S MK OFF/ON
BRT BLU 6 ALARM *2 IN/OUT
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 7 KEY BEEP OFF/M/L/H
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 8 AUDIO ALARM OFF/M/L/H
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 9 2ND ECHO OFF/ON
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN 0 [RADAR (3)]
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG) [0] key
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
[RADAR (3)]
DRIFT = 00.0KT
1 [RADAR (2)]
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
2 BARGE MK OFF/ON
MAN = 00.00 SM
3 BARGE SIZE LENGTH=000 ft
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
WIDTH = 00 ft
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
4 [BARGE INFORMATION]
5 ORIGIN MK DISP NO./SYMBOL
[0] key [1] key 6 ORIGIN MK STAB GND/SEA
7 ANTENNA REVOLUTION LOW/HIGH
[FUNCTIONS (3)] 8 RADAR NO. 1/2
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] [2] key 9 TUNE MAN/AUTO
2 [RADAR (1)] 0 TUNE INITIALIZE
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2]
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3]
*1: RADAR: Select 1 for single radar installation or for
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4]
7 [RADAR *1 1/2 connecting to antenna No.1 on dual radar installation.
8 INTER SWITCH Select 2 for connecting to antenna No.2 on dual radar
9 GYRO SETTING installation.
EBL= xxx.x°
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)] *2: ALARM: Audio alarm level is 65/70/80 db (A).

*3: Does not appear on SM-type radar.

Figure 1-41 RADAR menus

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 1.33 Function Keys
The four function keys (#1-4) on the control head serve for a macro function to instantly
select a combination of assigned functions or settings. The function keys provide optimum
radar settings for a specific purpose with a single key operation.

Each function key can be assigned a combination of particular radar settings that will be
most suited to your specific navigating purpose, and an adhesive label (such as BUOY,
HARBOR, COAST or the like) is usually attached to the key top for easy identification of
the assigned purpose.

The individual function keys are preset, or programmed, for the following purposes by
qualified service personnel at the time of installation using the procedures described in the
succeeding paragraphs:

Function keys #1, #2 and #3: Picture setup and specific operation

Function key #4: Specific operation or watch alarm

POWER

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

ON
PM
ANTENNA

#1 #2 STBY
OFF ON
TUNE
TX

DEGAUSS ERR EBL #3 #4 RANGE

FUNCTION keys
#1: SET-UP 1
#2: SET-UP 2
#3: SET-UP 3
#4: SET-UP 4

Figure 1-42 Control head, function keys

1.33.1 Picture setup

Suppose that you have been navigating along a coast for hours and now you are ap-
proaching a harbor, your final destination. You will have to adjust your radar to change
from the settings for coastal navigation to those for harbor approach. Every time your
navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nui-
sance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to
assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.

The radar’s internal computer offers several picture setup options to be assigned to each
function key for your specific navigating requirements. For instance, one of the function
keys may be assigned the buoy detecting function and labeled BUOY on the key top. If
you press this key, the radar will be instantly set for optimum detection of navigation buoys
and similar objects and the label BUOY is shown at the left margin of the screen. If you re-
press the same key, the radar returns to the previous settings.

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 The picture setup options assignable to any of the function keys are as shown in the table
below.

Table 1-2 Picture setup options

Label Description Label Description

BUOY Optimum setting for detecting SHIP Optimum setting for detecting
navigation buoys, small vessels vessels
and other small surface objects
SHORT Optimum setting for short range LONG Optimum setting for long range
detection using a range scale of scale of 6 SM or larger
3 SM or less
CRUISING For cruising using a range scale of HARBOR Optimum setting for short range
1.5 SM or larger navigation in a harbor area using a
range scale of 1.5 SM or less
COAST For coastal navigation using a SEA Transoceanic voyage using a
range scale of 12 SM or less range scale of 12 SM or longer
ROUGH Optimum setting for rough weather RIVER Optimum setting for navigation on
SEA or heavy rain a river

Each picture setup option defines a combination of several radar settings for achieving
optimum setup for a particular navigating situation. Those involved are interference rejec-
tor, echo stretch, echo average, automatic anti-clutter, pulselength and noise rejector set-
tings.

Adjusting these features on a function key menu changes the original function key set-
tings. To restore the original settings for a particular function key, it is necessary to display
the relevant function key menu and select appropriate menu options.

Note: Function key presetting requires a good knowledge of optimum radar settings. If
you want to change the original function key settings, consult your nearest FURUNO rep-
resentative or dealer.

1.33.2 Specific operation

Most often used controls are placed on the center panel while less often used controls are
provided in the menu. To avoid opening the menus to set up the radar for a particular
situation, function keys #1, #2, #3 and #4 may be assigned a combination of the following
settings at the time of installation.
- Target trails (See paragraph 1.26.)
- Echo stretch 1,2 or 3 (See paragraph 1.23.)
- Pulsewidth 1 or 2 (See paragraph 1.12.)
- Echo averaging 1, 2 or 3 (See paragraph 1.24.)
- Echo color (See paragraph 1.32.)
- Panel illumination
- Marks brilliance
- Noise rejection
Provided that the function key is assigned the specific operation feature, press the key to
instantly set the radar for the preset purpose. The corresponding label will be displayed at
the left margin of the screen. If you re-press the function key, the radar returns to the
previous settings.

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 1.33.3 Watch alarm
The watch alarm sounds an external buzzer at selected time intervals to help you keep
regular watch of the radar picture for safety or other purposes. This feature can be as-
signed to function key #4 with a choice of alarm intervals of 6, 10, 12, 15 and 20 minutes.
(See the flowchart on page 1-45 for sequence.)

Provided that function key #4 is assigned the watch alarm feature, just press function key
#4 to activate the feature. The label WATCH appears at the lower-right corner of the screen
associated with a watch alarm timer counts down from the initial value (for example, “12:00”).

When a preset time interval has elapsed, an audible watch alarm is released and the label
WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at “0:00.”

To silence the alarm, press the [AUDIO OFF] key. The label WATCH turns to normal color
and the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence
again.

If you press the [AUDIO OFF] key before the selected time interval is reached, the watch
alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

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 1.33.4 Setting for function keys #1/#2/#3

[FUNCTION KEY 1] (PICT)

RADAR MENU
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION
3 PICTURE FUNC1/BUOY/SHIP/
SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/
[FUNCTIONS (1)] HARBOR/COAST/SEA/
1 TARGET TRAILS ROUGH SEA/RIVER/BIRD
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 4 INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 5 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 INDEX LINES 6 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ZOOM 7 A/C AUTO OFF/ON
6 PULSE WIDTH 8 [FUNC 1 PULSE WD]
7 INT REJECT 9 NOISE REJECT OFF/ON
8 ARPA 0 VIDEO CONTRAST 1/2/3
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)] [8]

[0]
[FUNC 1 PULSE WD]
1 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
[FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 0.5 SM S1/S2
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 3 0.75 SM S1/S2/M1
2 BKGD COLOR 4 1.5 SM S1/S2/M1
BLK (GRN CHAR)/ 5 3 SM S2/M1/M2/M3
BLK (RED CHAR)/ 6 6 SM M1/M2/M3/L
BLU (ECHO AREA) 7 12-24 SM M2/M3/L
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR [3]
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG) [2] [2] to toggle between
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN OPERATION and PICTURE menu.
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM
[FUNCTION KEY 1] (OPR)
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION
3 OPERATION
[0] TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/
VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/
[FUNCTIONS (3)] BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/
2 [RADAR (1)] PLS WD 1/PLS WD 2/
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] ECHO STRETCH 1/2/3/
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] [3] ECHO AVG 1/2/3/
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] ECHO COLOR/
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/
7 RADAR 1/2 TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/
8 INTER SWITCH EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/
9 GYRO SETTING +CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/
EBL = xxx.x° PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL/
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)] CHART BRILL/NOISE REJECT/
BARGE MK/
BARGE CONFIGURATION

Figure 1-43 Keying sequence for setting functions keys #1/#2/#3

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 Picture setup default for function keys 1, 2 and 3
Table 1-3 Picture setup default for Function Keys 1, 2 and 3

4. INT 5. ES 6. EAV 7. A/C 9. NOISE P/L on P/L on P/L on P/L on P/L on P/L on
REJECT AUTO REJ. 0.5 SM 0.75 SM 1.5 SM 3 SM 6 SM 12-24 SM
RIVER 2 1 OFF OFF OFF S S1 S1 S2 M1 M2
BUOY 3 2 3 OFF ON S1 S2 S2 M1 M2 L
SHIP 3 2 3 OFF ON S1 S2 S2 M1 M2 L
SHORT 2 OFF OFF OFF OFF S1 S1 S1 S2 M1 M2
LONG 3 2 3 OFF ON S1 S1 S1 S2 M1 M2
CRUISING 3 OFF 3 OF F ON S2 S2 S2 M2 L L
HARBOR 3 OFF OFF OFF OFF S1 S1 S1 S2 M1 M2
COAST 3 OFF OFF OFF OFF S1 S1 S2 M1 L L
OCEAN 2 OFF 3 OFF OFF S1 S2 S2 M1 M2 L
ROUGH SEA 2 OFF 2 OFF OFF S1 S1 S2 M1 M2 L

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 1.33.5 Setting for function key #4

RADAR MENU

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (2)] [FUNCTION KEY 4] (OPR)

1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 BKGD COLOR 2 FUNC KEY4 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM
BLK (GRN CHAR)/ 3 OPERATION
BLK (RED CHAR)/ TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/
BLU (ECHO AREA) VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/
BLU/ BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/
BRT BLU INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 PLS WD1/PLS WD 2/
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 ECHO STRETCH 1/ 2/ 3/
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR ECHO AVG 1/ 2 / 3/
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN ECHO COLOR/
MAN = xx.xKT CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/
(STW/SOG) TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/
SET = 000.0° +CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/
DRIFT=00.0KT PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL
8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN CHART BRILL/ NOISE REJECT/
MAN = 00.00SM BARGE MK/
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] BARGE CONFIGURATION
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Press [2] once or twice to toggle

[0]
between OPERATION and WATCH
[6] ALARM followed by ENTER key.
[FUNCTIONS (3)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 [RADAR (1)]
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] [FUNCTION KEY 4] (WATCH ALARM)
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] [6] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 2 FUNC KEY4 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM
7 RADAR 1/2 3 WATCH ALARM INTERVAL
8 INTER SWITCH 6/10/12/15/20 MIN
9 GYRO SETTING
EBL = xxx.x°
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

Figure 1-44 Keying sequence for setting functions keys #4

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 1.34 Barge Information
Do the following to display the barge information.

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] to display the RADAR 3 menu.
2. Press the [2] key twice to select BARGE MK ON, followed by the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [3] key to select BARGE SIZE and enter length and width of a barge, fol-
lowed by the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [4] key to display the BARGE INFORMATION menu.
5. Enter number of barges in first row, followed by the [ENTER] key.
6. Enter the number of barges for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and/or 5th row followed by the [ENTER]
key. The barge information appears on the radar display.

1.35 Radar Map

A radar map is a combination of map lines and symbols whereby the user can define and
input the navigation, route planning and monitoring data on the radar equipment. Map
lines are a navigational facility whereby the observer can define lines to indicate channels
or traffic separation schemes. Also called nav lines, these lines can be ground stabilized to
stop them drifting. (Definition in Annex C of IEC 60936-1 and IEC 60872-1)

In this series of radar, a radar map may contain 150 points of mark and line data on one
map. 10 maps can the memorized to facilitate the repeated use on the routine navigation
area.

The user can create a radar map on a real-time basis while using the radar for navigation
or at leisure time at anchor or while the radar is not being used. Place of a map can be
made for any waterways apart from the actual own ship location. The map data is stored
on the EEROM card which is mounted on the main processor board socket. When the
optional Video Plotter board RP-26 and RAM card are installed in the display unit, much
more data can be created and copied to another card.

1.35.1 General operation procedure

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to show the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.
2. Press the [2] key to select the SELECT NAVAID operation.
3. Press the [2] key again to select navigation data input device, followed by the [ENTER]
key.
4. Also, set other nav data parameters as appropriate.
5. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the NAV INFORMATION menu.

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 Notes on radar map operation
1) Own ship position display requires an input from radionavigational equipment such as
a GPS receiver in accordance with the data format as defined by IEC 61162-1.
2) Wind, water current, depth, water temperature are not displayed when relevant sen-
sors are not fitted.

1.35.2 Making a radar map

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.
2. Press the [1] key to display the RADAR MAP menu.
3. Press the [2] key twice to set MAP ON, then press the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [8] key to select the MAP DISP SELECT menu.

[MAP DISP SELECT]

1 [RADAR MAP]
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON
3 COAST LINE OFF/ON
4 MARK OFF/ON
5 NAV LINE OFF/ON
6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ON
7 BUOY OFF/ON
8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON

Figure 1-45 MAP DISP SELECT menu

5. Press appropriate numeric key twice to select ON, then press the [ENTER] key.
6. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the menu.

Mark entry mode

Marks can be entered by cursor position, L/L position (manual entry), or own ship position.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.
2. Press the [1] key to display the RADAR MAP menu.
3. Press the [6] key and further press the [6] key to select the entry mode; cursor, L/L or
own ship position.
4. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [NAV MENU] key.
5. Press the [MARK] key to read the following legends.

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 [ENTER MARK]
00°00.000 N/S 5-N 6-S *
000°00.000 E/W 7-E 8-W
MARK 01

01 11 21 LINE CHANGE
02 12 22 MARK CANCEL
03 13
04 14
05 15
06 16 NAV LINE
07 17 COAST LINE
08 X 18 CONTOUR LINE
09 19 PROHIBITED AREAS
10 20 CABLE

CANCEL ENTER MARK: CANCEL KEY

* Appears when L/L mode is selected (step 3).

Figure 1-46 Marks for radar map

6. Select a wanted position, followed by the [ENTER] key. Positions can be selected
either by the Trackball, lat/lon values, or at own ship.
7. Select a desired mark by the corresponding number followed by the [ENTER] key.
8. Repeat steps 6-7. To enter the same mark selected, simply repeat step 6.
9. To erase a mark entered, enter 22, place the cursor to the mark you want to erase and
then press the [CANCEL] key.
10.To escape the mark entry mode, press the [CANCEL] key.

Example: How to draw a coastline

1. Press the [MARK] key.
2. Enter 17 to select COAST LINE and press the [ENTER] key.
3. Place the cursor mark on a required position and press the [ENTER] key.
4. Place the cursor at a next position and press the [ENTER] key. One line appears con-
necting designated two points.
5. Repeat step 4 to establish the coastline.
6. To enter more than one of the same type of line, after entering one line, enter 21 and
press the [ENTER] key. Then, repeat steps 2 to 5.
7. To draw other lines, enter line number (for example, 18 for contour line), followed by
the [ENTER] key. Repeat step 3.
8. To erase a line segment entered, enter 22, place the cursor to the point to erase and
then press the [CANCEL] key. For example, if point 4 is erased on the figure below, line
segment 3-4 is erased.

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 1.35.3 Storing the map data
When you have made a map, store it with a map number as follows:

1. Press [NAV MENU], [1] to display the RADAR MAP menu.

2. Press the [7] key to show the ENTRY MAP menu.
3. Press the [2] key and enter map number by numeral key, followed by the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [NAV MENU] key to leave this menu.

1.35.4 Displaying a radar map

1. Press [NAV MENU ], [1] to display the RADAR MAP.
2. Press the [3] key and enter the map number you want to display.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

North marker

,,,,,,,,
350 000 010
Separation zone 340 020 Heading marker

,,,,,,,,
330 030

,,,,,,,,
320 040
Waypoint

,,,,,,,,
310 050
Target being tracked Navline

,,,,,,,,
W012
300 060

,,,,,,,,
Own ship safe contour

,,,,,,,,
290 070
Heading line

,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
280 080

,,,,,,,,
270 090
Planned route

,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
260 100

,,,,,,,,
Own ship vector

,,,,,,,,
250 110

240

230
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, W011
130
120 Approximate coastline

Dangerous side of own 220 140 Waypoint

ship safe contour may be 210 150
marked like this. 200 160
190 180 170
Past position
ARPA: Equally time-spaced positions of any targets being tracked.
Note-not equally geographically spaced.
EPA: Past plot positions may not be equally time-spaced, up to the
operator.

Figure 1-47 Sample radar map

4. Press [1], [7] in that order to display the NAV LINE menu.
5. Press the [4] key twice to select NAV WIDTH ON and enter navigation width in nautical
mile.
6. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [NAV MENU] key.

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 1.35.5 Erasing contents of a radar map
1. Press [NAV MENU], [1] and [9] to display MAP ERASE menu.

[MAP ERASE]
1 [RADAR MAP]
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ALL
3 COAST LINE OFF/ALL
4 MARK OFF/ALL
5 NAV LINE OFF/ALL
6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ALL
7 BUOY OFF/ALL
8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ALL

Figure 1-48 MAP ERASE menu

2. Press a wanted number key twice to select ON or ALL, followed by the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [NAV MENU] key to leave the menu.

1.36 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distant targets may appear as false echoes (sec-
ond-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one trans-
mission cycle later, that is, after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

To activate or deactivate the second-trace echo rejector:

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2] and [0] to show the RADAR 2 menu.
2. Press the [9] key to select 2ND ECHO.
3. Further press the [9] key to activate (ON) or deactivate (OFF) the second-trace echo
rejector.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to register your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the RADAR menu.

1.37 Displaying External Waypoint and Navigation

Line
Waypoint or navigation line defined on another navaid can be displayed by setting
WAYPOINT and NAV LINE menus as follows.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press [8], [2] for waypoint or [7], [2] for navigation line if video plotter is not provided.
Note: When the waypoint is more than 5000 nm away from own ship, the data shows
“>*5000 nm”.

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 1.38 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data
You can adjust relative brilliance levels of various marks and alphanumeric readouts dis-
played on the screen by the steps below:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] and [9] keys to show the BRILLIANCE 1 menu. To display the BRIL-
LIANCE 2 menu, further press the [0] key.
3. Select a desired menu item by pressing the corresponding numeric key. As an ex-
ample, press [8] in the BRILLIANCE 1 menu if you want to change the brilliance of
target trails.
4. Further press the same numeric key as you pressed in step 3 above to select or high-
light a desired brilliance level.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the menu.

RADAR MENU

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (2)] [9] [BRILLIANCE (1)]

1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 BKGD COLOR 2 RINGS BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
BLK (GRN CHAR)/ 3 EBL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
BLK (RED CHAR)/ 4 VRM BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
BLU (ECHO AREA) 5 +CURSOR BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
BLU/ 6 CHAR BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
BRT BLU 7 MARK BRIL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 8 TRAIL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 9 HL BRILL DIM/M/BRT
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 0 [BRILLIANCE (2)]
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAVMAN
MAN = 00.0KT [0]
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN [BRILLIANCE (2)]
SET = 000.0° 1 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
DRIFT=00.0KT 2 PLOT BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN 3 L/L GRID BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
MAN = 00.00NM 4 CHART BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 5 SYMBOLS BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 1-49 Sequence for selection of brilliance options

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 The table below describes which menu item adjusts the brilliance of which picture ele-
ment.

Table 1-4 Brilliance menu option and function adjusted

Menu Item Functions Menu Item Functions

adjusted adjusted
RINGS Fixed range rings EBL Electronic bearing
lines No.1 and
No.2
VRM Variable range +CURSOR Trackball-controlled
markers No.1 and cursor
No.2
CHAR Alphanumeric MARK Bearing scale
readouts
TRAIL Target trails HL Heading line and
stern marker
PLOT Plots for EPA and L/L Latitude and
ARP-26 longitude grid lines
CHART Charts SYMBOLS Plot symbols

Note: You should adjust the entire CRT brilliance by operating the [BRILLIANCE] control
before adjusting the respective brilliance levels on the BRILLIANCE 1 and 2 menu.

1.39 Display of Wind/Tide/Depth/Time

Wind
Wind, ocean current and depth sounding data can be displayed as follows:

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to show the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.
2. Press the [9] key twice to set WIND DATA ON and press the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [0] key to show NAV INFORMATION 2 menu.
4. Press the [2] key twice to set WIND GRAPH ON and press the [ENTER] key.

Echo sounding depth and tide

1. Do the same to indicate ocean current graph and echo-sounding chart. Depth scales
can be selected among 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 m. The echogram shows the last
30 minutes of depths along the ship’s track.
2. Press the [NAV MENU] key followed by the [0] key to display the NAV INFORMATION
1 menu.
3. Press the [2] key to display WIND DATA ON and press the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [5] key to display CURRENT GRAPH ON and press the [ENTER] key.
5. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the NAV MENU.

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 Note: Wind data and current data require appropriate sensors. The depth data requires
an adequate echo-sounding equipment. The echogram shows the last 30 minutes of depths
along the ship’s track. Wind vector shows a direction from which the wind blows in, relative
to own ship heading, and labeled T*. Wind velocity is a true wind speed as a result of
compensating for own ship’s speed and orientation. Ocean current (tide) is the direction to
which the current is flowing away from os position, relative to north.

* T in this case means a true value while T denotes “relative to True North” in the case of
EBLs and target ship vectors.

OS heading

N E
Present depth 0
Current relative to north, 20
full scale 10 kt
40
60
Wind direction relative to Last 30 minutes
of depth 80
OS heading, full scale 100 kt.
Wind velocity is calculated 100 m
W S value to exclude the ship's
30 20 10 min
orientation and speed.
(b) Depth Data

(a) Wind Data in Head-up Mode

Figure 1-50 Depth and wind data displays

1.40 Displaying the Rate-of-Turn Scale

If a rate-of-turn meter is connected to this radar, the rate-of-turn scale can be displayed at
the top of the radar screen.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press the [0] key twice to display the NAV INFORMATION 3 menu.
3. Press the [8] key to select ROT SCALE.
4. Further press the [8] key to turn the rate-of-turn display on or off and select display
range (in degrees).
Rate-of-Turn Scale

0.75/0.25SM P
90° 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° 90°
SB
AUTO TUNE
+0.350SM /MIN
HDG 123.4°T GYRO
330.0° T 2ND 000 SPEED 14.8KT WT LOG
350 010
HEAD UP RM 340 020 ANT1 MAIN

Figure 1-51 Rate-of-turn scale

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 1.41 Alarms
The table below summarizes alarms which may occur at various warning conditions.

Table 1-5 Alarms

Fault Audible alarm Visual alarm To quit alarm status

Target alarm Beeps Target flashes. Press [2] key on
(TAZ) FUNCTION 1 menu.
(Paragraph 1.21)
Watch alarm Beeps WATCH 0:00 Press the [AUDIO OFF]
(The label "WATCH" turns key. The label WATCH
red and time count freezes turns to normal video and
at "0:00."). the timer is reset
(Paragraph 1.33.3).
Own ship lat/lon None "***.*" in own ship position Make sure that own ship
Cursor lat/lon field position data is fed from
"***.*" in cursor position field external radionav
equipment.
System failure None Message "BRG SIGNAL Make sure the antenna
MISSING" appears at switch in the tuning
screeb bottom. No radar compartment is on.
echoes. SYSTEM FAILURE
in red at bottom of screen
during test.
Incorrect Double beep tone None Correct keystroke is
keystroke responded by a single beep
provided that KEY BEEP
ON is selected at the
RADAR 2 menu.
Log failure 2 beeps "LOG **.*." appears in red, If the log has failed, use the
if no log signal is input for Manual Speed mode, or
30 sec while the ship speed other appropriate sensor.
has been more than 5.0 kt.
EPFS failure Continuous beep EPFS in red in the warning To silence the beep, press
and indication cell. The the [AUDIO OFF] key.
indication also appears
when the GPS mode is
switched between GPS and
DGPS.

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 Table 1-5 Alarms (con’t.)

Fault Audible alarm Visual alarm To quit alarm status

SOG indication None The label SOG (Speed The radar does not
Made Good) turns red when automatically reset itself to
SOG option is selected on receive an SOG data even
the menu and the if the SDME regains a
associated SDME (Speed bottom tracking speed. To
and Distance Measuring erase SOG indication, press
COLLISION Continuous beep Equipment = speed log) keys [RADAR MENU], [0],
fails to detect a bottom [6].
tracking speed, resulting in
the "Speed through water"
(STW) mode automatically.
TRUE VECTOR None The label TRUE VECTOR
indication turns red at the screen
center when the True
Vector is selected in the RM
mode, and returns to the
normal text color in the
North-up TM mode.
UPDATE PLOT None If you have failed to enter a Re-acquire the flashing
next EPA plot within 10 min, target within 5 min. Leave it
this indication flashes. Plot if it is not important.
symbol of target also
flashes.
COLLISION Continuous beep COLLISION comes on (in Take evasive action or
red) when EPA- or ATA- terminated tracking of
tracked target is on collision target. Then, visual
course. indications goes off.
Guard Zone Alarm Continuous beep The label GZ appears in red Press the [AUDIO OFF] key
if a target enters a guard to acknowledge offending
zone. Target is masked by target.
a flashing inverted triangle.
GZ OUT Alarm None If the range scale has been Change the range scale of
reduced to make one of the GZ.
GZs position more than 1.5
times of the range scale,
the label GZ OUT appears
in red.

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 2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.1 General
2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range
The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or
0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point
representing the antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as
main bang suppression and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter
range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution
A. 477 (XII) and IEC 936 require the minimum range to be less than 50 m. All FURUNO
radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range
The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on
several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the
target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric
conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or
a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the
diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.
Rmax= 2.2 x ( h1 + h2 )
where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)
h1: antenna height (m)
h2: target height (m)

Radar horizon
Optical horizon

Figure 2-1 Radar horizon

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of
the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

Rmax= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the
radar signal).

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 X-band and S-band
In fair weather, the above equation does not give a significant difference between X- and
S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have
better detection than an X-band radar.

2.1.2 Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and
range resolution.

Bearing resolution
Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes re-
ceived from two targets which are at the same range and close together. It is proportional
to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the
antenna radiator should be chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2.5° (IMO Resolu-
tion). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-
band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Range resolution
Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two
targets which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by
pulselength only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better
than 35 m as do so with all FURUNO radars.

Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having
an echoing area of 10 m2.

2.1.3 Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target
can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the nar-
rowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s
heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important
factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a
target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable
range.

2.1.4 Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Gener-
ally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range
marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval
and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diam-
eter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target,
allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

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 2.2 False Echoes
Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or
disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the
reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

2.2.1 Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large
ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the
display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below.
Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sen-
sitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA] control.

True
echo

Target
Own ship
Multiple
echo

Figure 2-2 Multiple echoes

2.2.2 Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the
beam, called “sidelobes.” If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as
well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo
at the same range. Sidelobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets.
They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/
C SEA control.

Target A
Target B
(Spurious) Target B
(True)

Figure 2-3 Sidelobe echoes

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 2.2.3 Virtual image
A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the
screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a
false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship
as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for ex-
ample, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.

Target ship

Own
ship
,,,
,,,,,, ,,
, ,,,
,,
,
,,,, ,,
,, ,
,,,
,,,, ,,
,,,,
,,,,
,,, ,,,,, echoTrue
,, ,,
,, ,,

Mirror image False

of target ship echo

Figure 2-4 Virtual image

2.2.4 Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the
angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may
be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.

Radar
antenna

Radar
mast

Shadow sector

Figure 2-5 Shadow sectors

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 2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)
A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar
within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a
response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When
interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively
slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is
repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART
frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the
radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow
sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced
by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may show also
the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses,
which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12
dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

Screen A: When SART Screen B: When SART

is distant is close
Lines of 12 dots
are displayed in
concentric arcs.
Echo of SART Radar antenna
beamwidth
24 NM Echo of
1.5 NM
SART

Position of
SART

Own ship’s
position Own ship’s
position
Position of
SART mark
length SART
9500 MHz Radar receiver
9200 MHz Sweep time bandwidth
7.5 µs
95 µs

Low speed sweep signal

Sweep start
High speed sweep signal

Figure 2-6 Appearance of SART signal on the radar display

2.3.1 General procedure for detecting SART response

1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is
about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.
2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression.
3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.
4. Turn off the Echo Average.

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 2.3.2 General remarks on receiving SART
SART range errors
When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at
a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as
much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the
fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters
beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth
This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range
scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long
pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is
preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar side lobes

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART re-
sponses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the
anti-clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as
they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART
is near to the ship.

Gain
For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection
should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.

A/C SEA control

For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should
be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note also that in clutter
conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable, irrespective of
the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the position of the SART may be
estimated by measuring 9.5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards own ship.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case the op-
erator should switch to manual.

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 A/C RAIN control
This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a SART
response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the anti-clutter rain
circuitry. Note that Racon responses, which are often in the form of a long flash, will be
affected by the use of this control.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case the
operator should switch to manual.

Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of Marine
Radar for SART Detection.

2.4 RACON (Radar Beacon)

A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a
ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted on the same
frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is superimposed on the ship's
radar display automatically.

The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the
position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (figure below) displayed radially
from just beyond the beacon.

Racon

Figure 2-9 Appearance of RACON signal on the radar display

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 3. MAINTENANCE

Periodic checks and maintenance are important for proper operation of any electronic
systems. This chapter contains maintenance instructions to be followed to obtain optimum
performance and the longest possible life of the equipment.

WARNING POWER Switch in AC

Do not open the equipment. Powered Display Unit
Hazardous voltage which can FOR TECHNICIANS
cause electrical shock exists
inside the equipment. Only The display unit designed to run on AC
qualified personnel should power has a power switch inside its
work inside the equipment. base which cuts off 100/200 VAC power
to the display unit. Pull the display unit
Turn off the radar power forward several centimeters to access
switch before servicing the the switch. TURN THE SWITCH OFF
(as well as the main POWER switch)
antenna unit. Post a warn-
WHENEVER ACCESSING INSIDE THE
ing sign near the switch
DISPLAY UNIT.
indicating it should not be
turned on while the antenna POWER Switch
unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of J106

being struck by the rotating J105
antenna and exposure to J104
RF radiation hazard. J103

Wear a safety belt and hard

hat when working on the
antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can

result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast. J446
J466
J462

J465

Display unit, inside view

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 3.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule
Table 3-1 Periodic maintenance schedule

Interval Check point Check and measures Remarks

3 to 6 Exposed nuts Check for corroded or loosened Sealing compound may be used
months and bolts on nuts and bolts. If necessary, clean instead of paint. Apply a small
(for quali- antenna unit and repaint them thickly. Replace amount of grease between nuts
fied tech- them if heavily corroded. and bolts for easy removal in
nicians future.
only)
Antenna Check for dirt and cracks on Do not use plastic solvent
radiator radiator surface. Thick dirt should (acetone) for cleaning. If you need
be wiped off with soft cloth to remove ice from antenna unit,
dampened with fresh water. if a use a wooden hammer or plastic
crack is found, apply a slight head hammer. Crack on the unit
amount of sealing compound or may cause water ingress, causing
adhesive as a temporary remedy, serious damages to internal
then call for repair. circuits.
3 to 6 Terminal Open antenna cover to check When closing antenna covers in
months strips and terminal strip and plug position, be careful not to catch
(for quali- plugs in connections inside. Also check loose wires between covers and
fied tech- antenna unit the rubber gasket of antenna unit.
nicians covers for deterioration.
only)
6 months CRT and High voltage at CRT and If CRT anode rubber cap or wire
to one surrounding surrounding components attract sheath is cracked, replace it.
year components dust in environment which will For service technician: Wait at
(for quali- cause poor insulation. Ask a least 3 minutes until high voltage
fied tech- FURUNO representative or dealer components (CRT and HV
nicians to clean internal high-voltage capacitors) discharge their residual
only) components. charges before accessing them.
Terminal Check for loose connections.
strips, Check contacts and plugs for
sockets, earth proper seating, etc.
terminal

3.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts

The hours shown in the table below are the average usage times for ocean-going ships.
When the radar is mainly used for detection of small targets on long ranges the usage
times will be lower than shown.

Table 3-2 Life expectancy of major parts

Part Type Life Expectancy
Antenna D8G-571, 48 rpm
Gears more than 10,000 hours
motor D8G-571, 24 rpm

Magnetron MG-5436, 25 kW 2,000 to 3,000 hours

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 3.3 Replacement of Battery
A battery installed on the RP Board or GYRO CONVERTER Board inside the display unit
helps preserve the data when the power is turned off. The life of the battery is about five
years.

When the battery voltage is low, NG appears at diagnostic test for RP board. Contact your
dealer for replacement.

Table 3-3 Battery ordering information

PCB Battery Code

Name Type number
RP Board ER3S 000-127-759
GC Board CR 1/2 8.L 000-103-769

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 4. TROUBLESHOOTING

WARNING POWER Switch in AC

Do not open the equipment. Powered Display Unit
Hazardous voltage which can FOR TECHNICIANS
cause electrical shock exists
inside the equipment. Only The display unit designed to run on AC
qualified personnel should power has a power switch inside its
work inside the equipment. base which cuts off 100/200 VAC power
to the display unit. Pull the display unit
Turn off the radar power forward several centimeters to access
switch before servicing the the switch. TURN THE SWITCH OFF
antenna unit. Post a warn- (as well as the main POWER switch)
ing sign near the switch WHENEVER ACCESSING INSIDE THE
indicating it should not be DISPLAY UNIT.
turned on while the antenna
POWER Switch
unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of

J106
being struck by the rotating
J105
antenna and exposure to
J104
RF radiation hazard.
J103

Wear a safety belt and hard

hat when working on the
antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can

result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast. J446
J466
J462

J465

Display unit, inside view

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 4.1 Easy Troubleshooting
This section provides easy troubleshooting for the user.

Table 4-1 Easy troubleshooting

Problem Remedy
No own ship marker Check that OS MARK ON is selected at the MARK/LINE submenu
in the OTHER menu. Also, own ship information (length, width,
etc.) should have been entered in initial settings. Consult a
FURUNO representative or dealer for details.

4.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting

This paragraph provides information for the service technician to cure hardware and soft-
ware problems. (This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis
and repair down to component level are not possible by users.)

Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table

Problem Check point and Remedy

probable cause
Power turned on but radar 1. Blown fuse F1 or F2 1. Replace blown fuse.
does not operate at all. 2. Mains voltage/polarity 2. Correct wirings and input
Control panel is not 3. Power Supply Board voltage.
illuminated either. 4. Illumination lamps 3. Replace Power Supply Board.
4. Replace defective lamps.
CRT brilliance adjusted but 1. RADAR 1//2/3 menu settings 1. In case of single display install-
no picture ation (without radar inter-
switching), make sure RADAR 1
is selected on FUNCTIONS 3
menu.
2. CRT voltage 2. Check high voltage supply with
utmost care.
3. SPU Board 3. Replace SPU Board.
Antenna not rotating 1. Antenna drive mechanism 1. Check scanner drive
(note that the message BRG mechanism.
SIG MISSING appears in
ST-BY)
2. Defective antenna drive
motor relay (thermal relay 2. Press relay reset button.
K2, 200/220/380, 440/100
VAC)
3. INT-9170 Board 3. Check that antenna switch is on.

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 Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table (con’t.)

Problem Check point and Remedy

probable cause
Alphanumeric data and 1. SPU Board 1. Replace SPU Board.
marks are not displayed in
Transmit status.

Adjust [GAIN] control with 1. Magnetron 1. Check magnetron current.

[A/C SEA] control set at 2. Modulator Board 2. Replace Modulator Board.
minimum. Marks, legends 3. SPU Board 3. Replace SPU Board.
and noise appear but no
echo. (Transmission leak,
representing own ship
position, is absent.)
Picture not updated 1. Bearing Signal Generator 1. Check the connection of signal
Board (antenna unit) cable.
2. SPU Board 2. Replace SPU Board.
3. Video lockup 3. Turn off and on radar.

Incorrect orientation of 1. SPU Board 1. The message "HDG SIGNAL

picture MISSING" appears when the
heading pulse is not received
during stand-by.
2. Gyro Interface 2. Replace gyro interface.
Tuning manually adjusted 1. Deteriorated magnetron 1. Transmitting on the 48 nm
but poor sensitivity range, check magnetron
current. If current is below normal
value, magnetron may be
defective. Replace magnetron.
2. Detuned MIC 2. Check MIC detecting current. If it
is below normal value, MIC may
have become detuned. MIC must
be tuned.
3. Dirt on radiator face 3. Clean radiator surface.
4. Second trace rejection is 4. Disable the second-trace rejector
ON. referring to paragraph 1.36.
Range changed but radar 1. Defective RANGE key 1. Try to hit [+] and [-] RANGE
picture does not change keys several times. If unsuccess-
ful, replacement of keypad may
be required.
2. SPU Board 2. Replace SPU Board.
3. Mother Board 3. Replace Mother Board.
4. Video lockup 4. Turn off and on radar.
Interference rejector 1. SPU Board 1. Replace SPU Board.
inoperable (interference 2. Mother Board 2. Replace Mother Board.
rejection level not displayed)

Echo stretch ineffective 1. SPU Board 1. Replace SPU Board.

(Neither "ES1" nor "ES2" is
displayed.)

Only 2 parallel index lines 1. Incorrect setting of index 1. Set parallel index line interval
(6 lines wanted) line interval referring to paragraph 1.27.

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 Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table (con’t.)

Problem Check point and Remedy

probable cause
Range rings are not 1. Adjust the brilliance of 1. Replace associated circuit board
displayed. range rings on BRILL1 if unsuccessful.
menu.
2. SPU Board 2. Replace SPU Board.
Poor discrimination at range 1. Sea clutter control not 1. Improper setting of [A/C SEA]
functioning properly. control. If sea clutter is seen only
at very close range, suspect
inaccurate frequency of
crystal oscillator.
True motion presentation not 1. Poor contact of [MODE] 1. Try to press the [MODE] key
working correctly. key. a little harder.
2. Selection is not accessed. 2. Press the [MODE] key until "TM"
appears.
3. Speed entry is incorrect. 3. Enter correct own ship speed
referring to paragraph 1.9.
4. TM display inaccurate 4. Make sure that speed and
compass inputs are accurate.
Target not tracked correctly 1. Poor definition of targets in 1. Adjust [A/C SEA] and
sea clutter [A/C RAIN] controls referring to
paragraphs 1.14 and 1.15.

4.3 Diagnostic Test

A diagnostic test program is provided to enable testing of major circuit boards in the radar
display unit. Note that the normal radar picture is lost during this test.

Proceed as follows to execute the diagnostic test:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key three times to show the FUNCTIONS 4 menu.
3. Press the [3] key to select menu item TEST. Then, press the [ENTER] key.
Program numbers appear. The diagnostic test is executed and the screen shows test
results as shown on the next page. OKs appear for normal operation. If NG (No good)
appears, corresponding components may be defective. Consult your dealer.

4. Small squares displayed at the right bottom of the test result screen are for testing the
control and keys on the control head. As you operate these controls and keys, corre-
sponding squares are highlighted, indicating that your control/key operations are prop-
erly recognized.
5. To terminate the diagnostic test, press [STBY/TX] key once or twice.

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 [RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] [FUNCTIONS (3)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 2 [RADAR (1)]
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
4 INDEX LINES 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2]
5 ZOOM 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3]
6 PULSE WIDTH 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4]
7 INT REJECT 7 RADAR 1/2
8 ARPA 8 INTER SWITCH
9 VIDEO PLOT 9 GYRO SETTING
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[0] key
[0] key
[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] [FUNCTIONS (4)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
BLK(RED CHAR)/ 2
BLU (ECHO AREA) 3 TEST
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00NM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] [0] key
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 4-1 Keying sequence for diagnostic test

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 The test program checks the logic boards and the keyboard. The squares represent the
corresponding keypads. Numerals indicate the position of the controls under check.

ROM test RAM test CRAM test

FR-2105V TEST
SPU Board
(03P9253)
Program No. PROGRAM NO ROM RAM CRAM DIPSW DIP SW (S1) No.
1234 No.1 at left
MAIN 03591570** OK OK
ARP Board
(18P9002) ARP 18590381** OK OK OK 1101 ARP Board 18P9002's
Program No. DSP 18590391** OK OK OK DIP SW (S1) setting
RP 03590941** OK OK OK 1111 0: ON
RP Board DRAM OK 1: OFF
(14P0298) RP BOARD BAT OK
Program No. RP CARD 1 OK CARD 2 OK RP Board 14P0298's
CARD 1 BAT OK CARD2 BAT OK
DIP SW (S1) setting
0: ON
** = Program ANTENNA SPEED 23.8RPM
1: OFF
Version No. TRIG FREQ. 1005Hz
MAG CURRENT 11.1V
R. MONITOR 1.8V
To escape from diagnostic
TUNE IND. 0.8V test, press STBY/TX key
twice.
000 000
000
000

EBL check
(Rightward increases; Trackball check
leftward decreases) VRM check • Up movement and indication:
Performance monitor and (Rightward increases; Rightward increases; leftward
degauss switches check leftward decreases) decreases.
• Down movement and indication:
Key and control check Upward increases, downward
(BRILLIANCE, A/C RAIN, A/C SEA, GAIN cannot be checked.) decreases.

Figure 4-2 Diagnostic test results

Test pattern
A test pattern may be overlaid on the test results display by pressing the [STBY/TX] key
once at the test results display.

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 5. ARPA ARP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

5.1 General
This radar can accommodate an ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) module ARP-26
complying with IMO A.823 and IEC 60987-1. This chapter describes the operation of the
ARPA. For operation of normal radar, refer to Chapter 1.

Note: ARP-26 is not available with statute mile (SM)-type radar.

5.1.2 Principal specifications

Acquisition and tracking
• Automatic acquisition of up to 20 targets plus manual acquisition of 10 targets, or fully
manual acquisition of 30 targets between 0.2 and 32 nm. Manual acquisition has prior-
ity over automatic acquisition. Therefore, if 20 targets have been manually acquired,
the capacity for automatic acquisition is 10 targets.
• The ARPA automatically tracks all acquired targets, whether manually or automatically
acquired, between 0.1 and 32 nm (0.1 and 24 nm depending on initial setting). Manu-
ally acquired targets are indicated in bold symbols and the automatically acquired tar-
gets, in thinner symbols.
Vector length: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15, 30 minutes

Orientation: True velocity or relative velocity

Stabilization: Sea or Ground as selected with the [VECTOR] key.

Motion trend: Displayed within 20 scans, full accuracy within 60 scans after acquisi-
tion.

Past positions: Choice of 5, 10 or 20 past positions at intervals of 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3 or

6 minutes.

Alarms: Visual and audible alarms against targets violating CPA/TCPA limits,
lost targets, targets crossing guard zone, system failure and target full
status.

Trial maneuver: Predicted situation appears after selected delay (1-60 minutes).

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 5.2 Controls for ARPA
The ARPA uses the keys on the plotting keyboard on the right side of the control head.

PLOT MENU: Shows/hides ARPA menus.

Plot Symbol keys: Select specific plot symbols for manually acquired targets.

TARGET CANCEL: Terminates tracking of a single target specified by the trackball if the
key is pressed with a hit-and-release action. If the key is held depressed for about 3
seconds, tracking of all targets is terminated.

ENTER: Registers menu options selected.

VECTOR: Selects true or relative presentation of target vectors.

TARGET DATA: Displays data on one of tracked targets selected by the trackball.

LOST TARGET: Silences the lost target aural alarm and erases the lost target symbol.

ACQ: Manually acquires a target.

AUDIO OFF: Silences aural alarm.

HL PANEL MODE AUDIO RADAR PLOT NAV

OFF BRILL OFF MENU MENU MENU
1 2 3

OFF LOST
CENTER VECTOR TARGET
4 5 6
ACQ
CHART
EBL ALIGN MARK
7 8 9 TARGET
DATA
TARGET CU, TM A/C
TRAILS RESET AUTO TARGET
CANCEL 0 ENTER CANCEL

Figure 5-1 Plotting keypad

5.3 ARPA Menu Operation

5.3.1 Activating the ARPA function
1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key.
2. Press the [8] key to select ARPA, instead of EPA. (The label ARPA appears at the
screen center.)

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 5.3.2 Setting ARPA parameters
Various parameters for the ARPA are set on the ARPA 1 and ARPA 2 menus. To do this,
follow the steps shown below:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key once if you wish to go to the ARPA 2 menu.
3. Select a desired menu item by pressing the corresponding numeric key.
4. Select a menu option by pressing the same numeric key as pressed in step 3 above. If
there is more than one option on the current menu item, you may need to press the
numeric key several times. Press it until the desired option is highlighted. (Note that
certain menu items will prompt you to enter numeric data or to define points on the
radar screen with the trackball.)
5. Press the [ENTER] key to register settings.
6. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

[ARPA (1)]
1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN
2 AUTO ACQ OFF/ON
3 AUTO ACQ AREA 3.6/[SET]*
4 GUARD ZONE OFF/ON
5 [GUARD ZONE SET] **
6 TARGET BASED SPEED
7 REFERENCE TARGET VECT OFF/ON
8 COLLISION ALARM CPA 0.0KT
TCPA 00.0MIN
9 [TRIAL MANEUVER]
0 [ARPA (2)]

[0] key * Set opens the [AUTO ACQ AREA SET]

sub menu which reads:
1 [ARPA (1)]
[ARPA (2)] 2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY
1 [ARPA (1)] CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL
2 TRIAL MODE STATIC/DYNAMIC KEY
3 HISTORY OFF/ON
4 HISTORY POINTS 5/10/20 ** This sub menu reads:
5 HISTORY INTERVAL 30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN (GUARD ZONE SET]
6 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE 1 [ARPA (1)]
7 GUARD, ACQ STABILIZE NORTH/CRT 2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY
8 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)] CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL
9 [ARPA TRACK TEST] KEY
0

Figure 5-2 Sequence for setting up ARPA

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 5.4 Start-up Procedure
The ARPA requires own ship’s speed input and heading data. The speed can be entered
automatically from a speed log (SDME, Speed and Distance Measuring Equipment), navaid,
or by referencing to a target-based speed (based on three max. stationary objects). Manual
input is also possible.

5.4.1 Automatic speed input

For speed log input:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)]
1 TARGET TRAILS
2 GUARD ALARM (1 or 2)
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10)
4 INDEX LINES
5 ZOOM
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key

[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS 1]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/
BRT BLU
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN
MAN = 00.0KT
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00NM
9 ]BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

Figure 5-3 Keying sequence for entering ship’s speed

2. Press the [6] key to select SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select LOG (or NAV) option.

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 4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship’s speed readout at the top of the screen
shows own ship’s speed fed from the speed log preceded by the label “LOG.”

Notes on automatic speed input

1) IMO Resolution A.823(19) for ARPA recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with
an ARPA should be capable of providing through-the-water speed data (forward speed).
2) Be sure not to select LOG when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not
provided, the ship speed readout at the top of the screen will be blank. In the event of
a log error, you can continue plotting by entering a manual speed.
3) If a log signal interval becomes more than 30 seconds with the ship’s speed five knots
or more, the radar regards the speed log is defective and LOG FAIL appears, reading
**.* KT.

5.4.2 Manual speed input

To manually enter the ship’s speed with the numeric keys:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
2. Press the key [6] to select SHIP SPEED.
3. Press the key [6] to select (or highlight) MAN.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection. At this point, “MAN = 00.0KT” ap-
pears at the bottom of the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corresponding numeric keys followed by the [ENTER]
key without omitting leading zeroes, if any. As an example, if the ship speed is 8 knots,
press [0], [8], [ENTER]. For 4.5 knots, [0], [4], [5], [ENTER].
6. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship speed
readout at the screen top shows own ship’s speed you entered preceded by the label
“MAN.”

5.4.3 Target-based speed

The use of target-based speed is recommended when:
• The speed log is not operating properly or not connected to the radar.
• The vessel has no device which can measure ship’s leeward movement (Doppler so-
nar, speed log, etc.) when leeward movement can not be disregarded. If you select
target-based speed, the ARP-26 calculates own ship’s speed relative to a fixed refer-
ence target. The number of targets may be 1, 2 or 3. They appear as tracked targets,
each shown in a small circle, but without a vector. When a plural of objects are se-
lected, the mean value is used for stabilization and speed. Select the number in the
PLOT MENU, referring to paragraph 5.3.2.
1. Select a small fixed island or any radar prominent point located at 0.2 to 24 nm from
own ship.
2. Place the cursor (+) on the target by operating the trackball.

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 3. Press the [PLOT MENU] key and the [6] key followed by the [ENTER] key.
The reference target mark (see below) appears at the cursor position and the own ship
data label changes from “LOG,” “NAV” or “MAN” to “REF.” Note that it takes 60 scans
or approximately one minute before a new speed is displayed. If tracking has failed for
a reference target, the target is marked with a lost target mark (symbol formed with two
triangles).

R1 (R2, R3)
R1 (R2,R3)
Changes to in 60 scans

Notes on target-based speed

1) When the reference target is lost or goes out of the acquisition range, the reference
target mark blinks and the speed reads “xx.x.” Select a different reference target in this
case.
2) When all targets are deleted, the reference target mark is also deleted and the target-
based speed becomes invalid.
3) The vector of the reference target can be displayed by menu operation (ARPA 1 menu,
[7]).

Canceling target-based speed

Target-based speed may be cancelled through the menu or by the cursor. For menu,
press [PLOT MENU], [6]. For cursor, place the cursor on reference target and press the
[CANCEL] key. The speed is shown by LOG, NAV selected previously.

5.4.4 Deactivating the ARPA

To deactivate the ARPA, press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by the [8] key until the
ARPA is deactivated. Target plotting symbols and the on-screen label ARPA will disap-
pear. The label EPA appears.

5.5 Automatic Acquisition

The ARPA can acquire up to 30 targets (20 automatically and 10 manually or all 30 manu-
ally). If AUTO ACQ is selected after more than 20 targets have been manually acquired,
only the remaining capacity of targets can be automatically acquired. For example, when
20 targets have been acquired manually, then the ARPA is switched to AUTO ACQ. Only
10 targets can be acquired automatically.

A target just acquired automatically is marked with a broken square and a vector appears
within 20 scans of the antenna to indicate the target’s motion trend. Within 60 scans, the
initial tracking stage is finished and the target becomes ready for stable tracking. At this
point, the broken square mark changes to a solid circle. (Targets automatically acquired
are distinguished from those acquired manually. The targets which are acquired manually
are displayed by bold symbols.)

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 5.5.1 Enabling and disabling auto acquisition
1. Press [RADAR MENU], [8] twice, [ENTER] and [RADAR MENU] if the ARPA is not yet
activated. Note that the label ARPA appears at the screen center.
2. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

[ARPA (1)]
1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN
2 AUTO ACQ OFF/ON
3 AUTO ACQ AREA 3, 6NM/[SET]
4 GUARD ZONE OFF/ON
5 [GUARD ZONE SET]
6 TARGET BASED SPEED
7 REFERENCE TARGET VECT OFF/ON
8 COLLISION ALARM CPA 0.0KT
TCPA 00.0MIN
9 [TRIAL MANEUVER]
0 [ARPA (2)]

Figure 5-4 ARPA 1 menu

3. Press the [2] key to select AUTO ACQ.

4. Further press the [2] key to select (or highlight) ON (enable auto acquisition) or OFF
(disable auto acquisition) as appropriate.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key
to close the ARPA 1 menu. Note that the label AUTO+MAN is displayed at the screen
center when auto acquisition is enabled; MAN when auto acquisition is disabled.
Note: When the ARPA has acquired 20 targets automatically, the message AUTO TAR-
GET FULL is displayed at the screen bottom.

5.5.2 Auto acquisition areas

Automatic acquisition is performed within 1 or 2 zones. Outside these zones are the auto
acquisition suppressed zones. The zones can be set at 3.0-4.0 nm and/or 5.0-6.0 nm, or
anywhere within 0.2 - 32 nm.

Predefined auto acquisition areas (Menu item: 3, 6NM)

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.
2. Press the [3] key to select AUTO ACQ AREA.
3. Further press the [3] key to select (or highlight) menu option “3, 6NM.”
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed the [PLOT MENU] key to
close the ARPA 1 menu.
Figure 5-5 on the next page shows how the auto acquisition areas are displayed on the
screen. Up to 20* targets within the auto acquisition areas are acquired automatically.
There is no priority in acquisition. It is recommended to use two zones on high speed craft.

* If 30 targets have already been acquired manually in the MAN ACQ mode (AUTO ACQ
OFF on ARPA 1 menu), no more targets can be acquired.

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 3.0-4.0 nm 5.0-6.0 nm

Figure 5-5 Predefined auto acquisition areas

Free selection of acquisition zones (Menu item: SET)

To set auto acquisition areas with trackball:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [3] key to select AUTO ACQ AREA.
3. Further press the [3] key to select (or highlight) SET.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection. At this point the AUTO ACQ SET-
TING menu is displayed.

[AUTO ACQ AREA SET]

1 [ARPA (1)]
2 1/2

Figure 5-6 AUTO ACQ AREA SET menu

5. Press the [2] key to select menu item “1/2” and press the [ENTER] key. Then, you will
see the message as shown below:

[AUTO ACQ SETTING]

1 [ARPA (1)]
2 1/2

Figure 5-7 AUTO ACQ SETTING menu

6. Place the cursor at the outer counterclockwise corner of the area (point A) and press
the [ENTER] key.
7. Place the cursor at the clockwise edge of the area (point B) and press the [ENTER]
key.

0.5-1.0nm

A
B

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 Note: If you wish to create an auto acquisition area having a 360-degree coverage
around own ship, set point B in almost the same direction (approx. ±5°) as point A and
press the [ENTER] key.

8. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above if you want to set another auto acquisition area with the
trackball.
9. Press the [1] key followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 1 menu.
An auto acquisition area like the example shown in Figure 5-5 appears on the display.
Note that each auto acquisition area has a fixed radial extension (width) of 0.5-1.0 nm.

Note that the auto acquisition areas are preserved in an internal memory of the ARPA
even when auto acquisition is disabled or the ARPA is turned off.

5.5.3 Terminating tracking of targets

When the ARPA has acquired 20 targets automatically, the message AUTO TARGET FULL
is displayed at the screen center and no more auto acquisition occurs unless targets are
lost. You may find this message before you set an auto acquisition area. Should this hap-
pen, cancel tracking of less important targets or perform manual acquisition.

Canceling individual targets

Use the trackball to place the cursor (+) on a target to cancel tracking. Press the [TARGET
CANCEL] key.

Canceling all targets at a time

Press and hold the [TARGET CANCEL] key down more than 3 seconds. In the automatic
acquisition mode, acquisition begins again.

5.6 Manual Acquisition

In the auto acquisition mode (AUTO ACQ ON), up to 20 targets can be manually acquired
in addition to 10 auto acquired targets. When auto acquisition is disabled (AUTO ACQ
OFF), up to 30 targets can be manually acquired and automatically tracked.

To manually acquire a target:

1. Place the cursor (+) on a target of interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [ACQ] key on the control head. The selected plot symbol is marked at the
cursor position.
Note that the plot symbol is drawn by broken lines during the initial tracking stage. A vector
appears in about one minute after acquisition indicating the target’s motion trend. If the
target is consistently detected for three minutes, the plot symbol changes to a solid mark.
If acquisition fails, the target plot symbol blinks. It blinks until the [LOST TARGET] is pressed
(to acknowledge it as a lost target).

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 (a) Immediately after acquisition, this plot
symbol is shown in broken lines.

(b) Within 20 scans (or 1 min) of the antenna

after acquisition, a vector appears to show a
trend of movement.

(c) Within 60 scans (or 3 min) of the antenna

after acquisition, the plot symbol changes to
a small circle indicating steady-state
tracking condition.

Notes on manual acquisition

1) For successful acquisition, the target to be acquired should be within 0.2 to 32 nm from
own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter.
2) When you have acquired 30 targets manually, the message MAN TARGET FULL is
displayed at the screen bottom. Cancel tracking of non-threatening targets if you wish
to acquire additional targets manually. (See “5.5.3 Terminating tracking of acquired
targets” on page 5-9.)

CAUTION Criteria of Tracking

TARGET SWAP A target measuring 800 m or more in the
radial or circumferential direction is
When a target being tracked nears regarded as a landmass and not
another target being tracked, the targets acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller
may be “swapped”. When two targets than 800 m are regarded as targets to be
acquired either automatically or manu- tracked.
ally come close to each other, one of the
two may become a Lost Target. Should
this happen, manual re-acquisition of the
Lost Target may be required after the
two have separated.

5.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size, Plot Symbols

5.7.1 Changing plot symbol size
To choose a large or standard size for all plot symbols:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.
2. Press the [6] key to select MARK SIZE.
3. Further press the [6] key to select (or highlight) STANDARD or LARGE as appropriate.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key
to close the ARPA 2 menu.

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 5.7.2 ARPA symbols
The symbols used in this equipment comply with IEC 60872-1.

Item Symbol Status Remarks

Automatically Initial stage Broken square around an echo to indicate the
acquired epvs symbol no.3 target under acquisition and initial stage of
targets tracking.
Broken square around an echo to indicate the
target under acquisition and initial stage of
epvs symbol no.3 tracking, before steady-state tracking.
Steady tracking Solid circle with vector indicating steady state
epvs symbol no. 4a tracking (60 scans after acquisition).

CPA alarm Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle

flashing to indicate the target is predicted to
(flashing) epvs symbol no. 8 come into CPA or TCPA.
CPA alarm Flashing stops after CPA/TCPA alarm is
acknowledge acknowledged.
epvs symbol no. 8

Lost target Lost target is indicated by flashing diamond

symbol. The diamond is formed from two equal
epvs symbol no. 9 triangles.
Manually Initial stage Plot symbol selected for a target acquired
acquired manually is shown in bold broken lines.
targets epvs symbol no. 3

Bold broken square for 20 - 60 scans of antenna

after acquisition.
epvs symbol no. 3

Steady tracking Manual plot symbol in a bold solid circle (60

epvs symbol no. 4a scans after acquisition).

CPA alarm (collision Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle

course) flashing if a target is predicted to come into the
(flashing) epvs symbol no.8 preset CPA or TCPA.
Flashing stops after CPA/TCPA alarm is
acknowledged.
epvs symbol no. 8

Lost target Lost target is indicated by flashing diamond

symbol. The diamond is formed from two equal
triangles (one apex up and the other apex
(flashing) epvs symbol no. 9 down).
Guard zone On target passing Plot symbol changes to an equilateral triangle,
alarm thru operator-set apex down, flashing together with vector if target
guard zone entering guard zone.
epvs symbol no. 7

Automatic 5.0-6.0 nm, 3.0-4.0 Sector of full circle as selected by the operator.
acquisition nm or anywhere
area epvs symbol no. 2

Target 1 On selected target Target data (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA
selected for epvs symbol no. 8 and TCPA)
data readout
Reference R1 On reference target Used to calculate own ship's over-the-ground
target In 60 scans, speed (target-based speed) for ground
changes to stabilization.
R1

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 ARPA symbols (con’t.)
Item Symbol Status Remarks
Trial T Bottom center Appears during execution of a trial maneuver.
maneuver (flashing) epvs symbol no. 10

Performance X X Bottom center Appears during execution of a performance test.

test (flashing) epvs symbol no. 11a

5.7.3 ARPA, EPA symbols shown on fishing vessel specification

radar

Item Symbol Status Remarks

ARPA, EPA ARPA, EPA symbols available in fishing vessel
symbols specification radar

5.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
2. Press the [9] and [0] keys to show the BRILLIANCE 2 menu.
3. Press the [2] key to select PLOT BRILL.
4. Further press the [2] key to select (or highlight) a desired brilliance level.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key
to close the BRILLIANCE 2 menu.
Note: Refer to paragraph 1.38 for the BRILLIANCE menu screen.

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 5.9 Displaying Target Data
The ARPA mode (with built-in ARP-26 optional board) provides the full functionality of
ARPA as required by the IMO Resolution A.823(19) and IEC 60872-1, including display of
range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA of all plotted targets. Data on one target
may be displayed.

In the head-up and head-up true bearing modes, target bearing, course and speed shown
at the center of the display become true (suffix “T”) or relative (suffix “R”) to own ship in
accordance with the true/relative vector setting. In north-up, course-up and true motion
modes, the target data field always displays true bearing, true course and speed over-the-
ground or thru-the-water.

Place the cursor on a desired target and press the [TARGET DATA] key. Target data is
displayed as below.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to the selected target with
suffix “T” (True) or “R” (Relative).

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the selected target with
suffix “T” (True) or “R” (relative).

CPA/TCPA: CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is the closest range a target will approach to
own ship. TCPA is the time to CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated.

When the CPA has passed clear of own ship, it is indicated by a TCPA with a negative (-)
sign. TCPA is counted to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA> -99.9MIN.

BCR (Bow Cross Range): Range at which target is to cross own ship’s bow.

BCT (Bow Cross Time): Time of BCR

Target accessed for data readout

350 000 010

340 020
330 030
320 040
310 050
RNG 0.439NM
300 060 BRG 122.7°T
Target in
GZ 290 01 070 01 CSE 254.2°T
280 080 SPD 14.9KT
270 090 CPA 0.4NM
Guard Zone
260 100 TCPA 0.0MIN
250 110 BCR 0.8NM
240 120
BCT> 99.9MIN
230 130
Acquisition Zone
220 140
210 150
200 160
190 180 170

Figure 5-8 ARPA plot

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 5.10 Vector Modes
Target vectors can be displayed relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or north (True).

5.10.1 Ground stabilization and sea stabilization

Target vectors can be ground stabilized or sea stabilized. Sea stabilization is a mode
where own ship and all targets are referenced to the sea using gyro heading and single
axis log water speed inputs in the True Motion mode. Ground stabilization is a mode
where own ship and all targets are referenced to the ground using the ground track or set
and drift inputs. If the accuracy seems unsatisfactory, enter the set and drift correction
(paragraph 5.12).

5.10.2 True vector

Vector mode, True or Relative, is selected with the [VECTOR] key. True vectors are the
predicted true motion of a target as a result of own ship’s direction and speed input. With
true vectors the radar display will look like the one in (a) in the figure below.

In the true motion mode, all fixed targets, such as land, navigational marks and ships at
anchor, remain stationary on the radar screen with vector length zero. But in the presence
of wind and/or current, vectors appear on fixed targets representing the reciprocal of set
and drift affecting own ship unless set and drift values are properly entered.

(flashing) Buoy
A A
Target on Target on
collision course (flashing) collision course
Buoy
Own ship Own ship
B B

(a) True vectors in head-up mode (b) Relative vectors in head-up mode

Figure 5-9 True and relative vectors in the head-up mode

5.10.3 Relative vector

True vectors are the predicted movement of a target relative to own ship. With relative
vectors the radar display will look like (b) in the figure above.

Relative vectors on targets which are not moving over the ground, such as land, naviga-
tional marks and ships at anchor, will represent the reciprocal of own ship’s ground track.
A target of which vector extension passes through own ship is on the collision course.
(Dashed lines in the figure are for explanation only.)

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 5.10.4 Vector time
Vector time (or the length of vectors) can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30
minutes and the selected vector time is indicated at the screen center.

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to display the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [1] key to select VECTOR TIME.
3. Further press the [1] key to select (or highlight) a desired vector time.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.
5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.
The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time
elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vector length to evaluate the risk of collision with
any target.

5.11 Past Position Display

The ARPA displays equally time-spaced dots marking the past positions of any targets
being tracked.

A new dot is added every minute (or at preset time intervals) until the preset number is
reached. If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it changes course, its
plotted course will not be a straight line.

5.11.1 Displaying and erasing past positions

To display past positions;

1. Press [PLOT MENU], [0] to display the ARPA 2 menu.

[ARPA (2)]
1 [ARPA (1)]
2 TRIAL MODE STATIC/DYNAMIC
3 HISTORY OFF/ON
4 HISTORY POINTS 5/10/20
5 HISTORY INTERVAL 30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
6 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE
7 GUARD, ACQ STABILIZE NORTH/CRT
8 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)]
9 [ARPA TRACK TEST]
0

Figure 5-10 ARPA 2 menu

2. Press the [3] key twice to select HISTORY ON.

3. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [PLOT MENU] key. The label HISTORY ap-
pears on the display.
To erase past positions, press the [3] key at step 2 in the above to procedure to display
HISTORY OFF.

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 5.11.2 Selecting the number of dots and past position plot
intervals
1. Press [PLOT MENU], [0] to show the ARPA 2 menu.
2. Press the [4] key to select HISTORY POINTS.
3. Further press the [4] key to select a desired number of past positions (5, 10 or 20).
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.
5. Press the [5] key to select HISTORY INTERVAL.
6. Further press the [5] key to select a desired past position plot interval (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 6
minutes).
7. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.
8. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

5.12 Set and Drift (Set and Rate)

Set, the direction in which a water current flows, can be manually entered in 0.1-degree
steps. Drift, in another word Rate, the speed of tide, can also be entered manually, in 0.1
knot steps. Set and drift corrections are beneficial for increasing the accuracy of vectors
and target data. The correction is best made in the head-up mode with true vectors, watching
landmasses, or other stationary targets. Thus, the speed and course of own ship over the
ground are reciprocally calculated and compared with the relative bearing and range to
the reference target to produce a Set and Drift. These values are automatically applied to
all targets. If stationary targets have vectors, set and drift values should be adjusted until
they lose their vectors.

To enter set and drift (rate):

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.
3. Press the [7] key to select SET, DRIFT.
4. Further press the [7] key to select OFF or MAN.
OFF: No correction against set and drift.
MAN: Manual entry of set and drift data.
5. If OFF is selected at step 4 above, press the [ENTER] key.
6. If you selected MAN in step 4 above, the highlight cursor will advance to the right
requesting you to enter SET 000.0°. Enter the value of set in degrees by hitting nu-
meric keys without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key.
The highlight cursor will then advance to the next line DRIFT 00.0KT. Enter the value of
drift in knots by hitting numeric keys without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press
the ENTER key. Set and drift have the same effect on own ship and all targets.

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 7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu. The label LOG (or NAV) changes to
WT (Water Tracking) or BT (Bottom Tracking). Set and drift data can also be used in
the basic radar without ARPA function.

5.13 Setting CPA/TCPA Alarm Ranges

The ARPA continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach
(CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each tracked target to own ship.

When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than the preset CPA alarm range
and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the ARPA releases an aural
alarm and displays the warning label COLLISION on the screen. In addition, the ARPA
symbol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.

Provided that this feature is used correctly, it will help avoid collision by alerting you to
threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls
are properly adjusted.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, ton-
nage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

CAUTION
The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should
never be relied upon as the sole means
for detecting the risk of collision. The
navigator is not relieved of the responsi-
bility to keep visual lookout for avoiding
collisions, whether or not the radar or
other plotting aid is in use.

5.13.1 Setting CPA/TCPA alarm ranges

To set the CPA/TCPA alarm ranges:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [8] key to select menu item COLLISION ALARM. At this point, a highlight
cursor appears at the “CPA 0.0 NM” field.
3. Enter the CPA alarm range in nautical miles (0.0 to 9.9 nm) without omitting leading
zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key. The highlight cursor now moves to the
“TCPA 00x.0 MIN” field.
4. Enter the TCPA alarm limit in minutes (1.0 to 99.9 min) without omitting leading zeroes,
if any, and press the [ENTER] key.
5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

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 5.13.2 Acknowledging CPA/TCPA audible alarm
Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the CPA/TCPA aural alarm.

The warning label COLLISION and the flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector
remain on the screen until the dangerous situation is gone or you intentionally terminate
tracking of the target by using the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

5.14 Setting a Guard Zone

When a target transits the operator-set guard zone, the buzzer sounds and the indication
GUARD turns red at the screen bottom. The target causing the warning is clearly indicated
with an inverted flashing triangle.

CAUTION
Guard Zone Alarm

The guard zone alarm should not be re-

lied upon as the sole means for detecting
possible collision situations. The opera-
tor of a ship is not relieved of the respon-
sibility to keep lookout for possible
collisions, whether or not the radar is
in use.

5.14.1 Activating the guard zone

One or two guard zones may be selected. The No. 1 guard zone is available between 3
and 6 nm and the No. 2 guard zone can be set anywhere when the No. 1 zone is already
in use.

To set and activate the guard zone:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [4] key to select GUARD ZONE.
3. Further press the [4] key to select (or highlight) ON to activate the guard zone.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.
5. Press the [5] key to select GUARD ZONE SET. At this point the GUARD ZONE SET
menu appears.

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 [GUARD ZONE SET]
1 [ARPA (1)]
2 1/2

Figure 5-11 GUARD ZONE SET menu

6. Press the [2] key and the [ENTER] key. ([2], [2], [ENTER] when setting the No. 2 zone.)
7. Referring to figure below, place the cursor at the outer left corner of the area (point A)
and press the [ENTER] key.
8. Place the cursor at the right edge of the area (point B) and press the [ENTER] key.
Note: If you wish to create a guard zone having a 360-degree coverage around own
ship, set point B in almost the same direction (approx. ±3°) as point A and press the
[ENTER] key.

If the range scale is changed to less than half of GZ, the label GZ OUT appears in red.

9. Press the [1] key followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 1 menu.
The guard zone, like the example below, appears on the display. Note that the guard zone
has a fixed radial extension (width) of 0.5 nm. The label GZ is displayed on the screen
when the guard zone is enabled.

No.1 guard zone is available between 3 and 6 nm with a fixed

range depth of 0.5 nm. The No.2 guard zone may be set any-
A 0.5nm
where when the No.1 guard zone is valid.
B
Two more alarm zones (No.1 and No.2 Target Alarm Zones)
may be added. This means a maximum of four alarm zones
Target in a guard zone is are available at any time. ARPA symbols are not changed to
marked by an inverted inverted triangles in the TAZ - only those in the GZ do so.
flashing triangle.

Figure 5-12 Guard zone

5.14.2 Deactivating the guard zone

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.
2. Press the [4] key to select GUARD ZONE.
3. Further press the [4] key to select (or highlight) OFF to deactivate the guard zone.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key
to close the menu.

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 5.14.3 Acknowledging the guard zone alarm
Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the guard zone aural alarm.

5.15 Operational Warnings

There are six main situations which cause the ARPA to trigger visual and aural alarms:
• CPA/TCPA alarm
• Guard zone alarm
• Lost target alarm
• Target full alarm for manual acquisition
• Target full alarm for automatic acquisition
• System failures

5.15.1 CPA/TCPA alarm

Visual and aural alarms are generated when the predicted CPA and TCPA of any target
become less than their preset limits. Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and
silence the CPA/TCPA aural alarm.

5.15.2 Guard zone alarm

Visual and aural alarms are generated when a target transits the operator-set guard zone.
Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the guard zone aural alarm.
(Refer to paragraph 5.14 Setting a Guard Zone for further information.)

5.15.3 Lost target alarm

When the system detects a loss of a tracked target, the target symbol becomes a flashing
diamond mark and the label “LOST” appears at the screen bottom. At the same time, an
aural alarm is produced for one second.

Press the [LOST TARGET] key to acknowledge the lost target alarm. Then, the lost target
mark disappears.

5.15.4 Target full alarm

When the memory becomes full, the memory full status is indicated, the relevant indica-
tion appears on the screen and a short beep sounds.

5.15.5 Manually acquired targets

The indication “MAN TARGET FULL” appears at the screen center and a short beep tone
sounds when the number of manually acquired targets reaches 20 or 30 depending on
whether auto acquisition is activated or not.

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 5.15.6 Automatically acquired targets
The indication “AUTO TARGET FULL” appears at the screen center and a short beep tone
sounds when the number of automatically acquired targets reaches 20.

5.15.7 System failure alarm

When the ARP board receives no signal input from the radar or external equipment, the
screen shows both “SYSTEM FAIL” associated with an indication denoting offending equip-
ment, also releasing an aural alarm. The missing signals are denoted as shown below:

MIssing Signal Indication

*Speed log signal LOG
*Heading signal, gyrocompass or magnetic compass HDG T (GM)
Trigger signal from radar TRIGGER
Video from radar VIDEO
*Bearing signal from radar antenna AZIMUTH
*Heading pulse from radar antenna HEADING

*Alarm available with or without ARPA.

5.16 Trial Maneuver

Trial simulates the effect on all tracked targets against own ship’s maneuver without inter-
rupting the updating of target information.

There are two types of trial maneuvers: static and dynamic.

5.16.1 Dynamic trial maneuver

A dynamic trial maneuver displays predicted positions of the tracked targets and own ship.
You enter own ship’s intended speed and course with a certain “delay time.” Assuming
that all tracked targets maintain their present speeds and courses, the targets’ and own
ship’s future movements are simulated in one-second increments indicating their pre-
dicted positions in one-minute intervals as illustrated in Figure 5-13.

The delay time represents the time lag from the present time to the time when own ship
will actually start to change her speed and/or course. You should therefore take into con-
sideration own ship’s maneuvering characteristics such as rudder delay, turning delay and
acceleration delay. This is particularly important on large vessels.

In the example shown in Figure 5-13, own ship will advance straight ahead (even after a
maneuver) for a delay time of five minutes and then alters speed and course until opera-
tor-specified intended speed and course are achieved (position OS7 in this example).

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 B8
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
A8

B2
OS 8

B1
OS5

OS

B0
7
6
OS
A7 OS4 B
A6 OS3 Delay time = 5 min.
OS2
A5
OS1
A4 OS0
A3 Present own ship
position
A2
A1
A0 A

Figure 5-13 Trial maneuver

Note that once a dynamic trial maneuver is initiated, you cannot alter own ship’s trial
speed, course or delay time until the trial maneuver is terminated.

5.16.2 Static trial maneuver

A static trial maneuver displays only the final situation of the simulation. If you enter the
same trial speed, course and delay time under the same situation as in the aforemen-
tioned example of dynamic trial maneuver, the screen will instantly show position OS7 for
own ship, position A7 for target A and position B7 for target B, omitting the intermediate
positions. Thus, the static trial maneuver will be convenient when you wish to know the
maneuver result immediately.

Note: For accurate simulation of ship movements in a trial maneuver, own ship’s charac-
teristics such as acceleration and turning performance should be properly set in the initial
settings at the time of installation.

To perform a trial maneuver:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.

[ARPA (2)]
1 [ARPA (1)]
2 TRIAL MODE STATIC/DYNAMIC
3 HISTORY OFF/ON
4 HISTORY POINTS 5/10/20
5 HISTORY INTERVAL 30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
6 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE
7 GUARD, ACQ STABILIZE NORTH/CRT
8 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)]
9 [ARPA TRACK TEST]
0

Figure 5-14 ARPA 2 menu

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 2. Press the [2] key to select TRIAL MODE.
3. Further press the [2] key to select (or highlight) STATIC or DYNAMIC as appropriate.
4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [1] key to go back to
the ARPA 1 menu.
5. Press the [9] key on the ARPA 1 menu. The TRIAL DATA SETTING menu appears at
the screen bottom associated with the current own ship’s speed and course readouts.

TRIAL DATA SETTING

[DYNAMIC MODE]*

SPEED (VRM) = 15.0KT

COURSE (EBL) = 53.6°
DELAY TIME (KEY) = xx.xMIN
TRIAL TIME = xx.xMIN

* STATIC MODE when static mode

is selected.

Figure 5-15 TRIAL DATA SETTING menu

6. Enter own ship’s intended speed, course and delay time in the following manner:
Speed: Set with the VRM control.
Course: Set with the EBL control.
Delay time: Enter in minutes by hitting numeric keys. This is the time after which own
ship takes a new situation, not the time the simulation begins. Change the
delay time according to own ship loading condition, etc.
Trial time: Enter in minutes by hitting numeric keys. This is the length of the trial time
in minutes.
7. Press the [ENTER] key to start the trial maneuver.
Trial maneuver takes place in three minutes with the letter “T” displayed at the bottom of
the screen. If any tracked target is predicted to be on a collision course with own ship (that
is, the target ship comes within preset CPA/TCPA limits), the target plot symbol changes
to a triangle and flashes. If this happens, change own ship’s trial speed, course or delay
time to obtain a safe maneuver. The trial maneuver is automatically terminated and the
normal radar picture is restored three minutes later.

5.16.3 Terminating trial maneuver

Press the [PLOT MENU] key.

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 5.17 ARPA Performance Test
Test program is provided for assessing the ARPA overall performance. Note that normal
operation is interrupted and the label “XX” is displayed at the bottom of the screen during
this test. The test may be terminated at any moment.

To execute the performance test:

1. Select the north-up presentation mode on the 12 nm range.

2. Enter own ship speed of 0 knots.
3. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.
4. Press the [9] key to select ARPA TRACK TEST.
5. Press the [ENTER] key.
An alert XX flickers during the test. It takes approximately three minutes for all vectors
to be displayed. The test does not need echo signals, gyro nor speed log input. Seven
targets having different speeds and courses, as shown in the table below, are simu-
lated automatically.

6. The test continues for five minutes and then repeats.

To terminate the track test, press the [STBY/TX] key. The STBY display appears.

Select any target with the cursor and check that the selected target shows the course and
speed as in the table. CPA and TCPA shown below are initial values which change with
time.
350 000 010
340 020
330 030
F
Target Course Speed (kt) CPA (nm) TCPA (min) 320 040
310 050
Target A 90.0° T 10.0 1.0 10.4 300
+
060
E
Target B 0.0° T 0.0 4.0 — 290 C 070

280 D 080
Target C 180.0° T 10.0 1.7 28.2 A
270 090
B
Target D 216.5° T 23.8 0.9 15.0 260 100

250
Target E 273.5° T 14.2 6.0 22.5 110

240 120
Target F 180.0° T 20.0 0.0 30.0 230 XX 130
220 140
G
Target G 24.6° T 15.6 4.0 43.6 210 150
200 160
190 180 170

Figure 5-16 ARPA performance test values

Note: Target numbers are subject to change. If test results show any deviation from the
above, consult with your service representative.

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 5.18 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking
The FURUNO ARPA video processor detects targets in midst of noise and discriminates
radar echoes on the basis of their size. Target whose echo measurements are greater
than those of the largest ship in range or tangential extent are usually land and are dis-
played only as normal radar video. All smaller ship-sized echoes which are less than this
dimension are further analyzed and regarded as ships and displayed as small circles
superimposed over the video echo.

When a target is first displayed, it is shown as having zero true speed but develops a
course vector as more information is collected. In accordance with the International Ma-
rine Organization Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (IMO ARPA) requirements, an indication of
the motion trend should be available within 20 scans of antenna and full vector accuracy
within 60 scans. The FURUNO ARPAs comply with these requirements.

5.18.1 Acquisition and tracking

A target which is hit by five consecutive radar pulses is detected as a radar echo. Manual
acquisition is done by designating a detected echo with the trackball. Automatic acquisi-
tion is done in the acquisition areas when a target is detected 5-7 times continuously
depending upon the congestion. Tracking is achieved when the target is clearly distin-
guishable on the display for 5 out of 10 consecutive scans whether acquired automatically
or manually. Required tracking facilities are available within 0.1-32 nm on range scales
including 3, 6, 12 nm. Full plotting information is available within one scan when the range
scale has been changed.

Targets not detected in five consecutive scans become “lost targets.”

5.18.2 Quantization
The entire picture is converted to a digital from called “Quantified Video.” A sweep range is
divided into small segments and each range element is “1” if there is radar echo return
above a threshold level, or “0” if there is no return.

The digital radar signal is then analyzed by a ship-sized echo discriminator. As the an-
tenna scans, if there are five consecutive radar pulses with 1’s indicating an echo pres-
ence at the exact same range, a target “start” is initiated. Since receiver noise is random,
it is not three bang correlated, and it is filtered out and not classified as an echo.

The same is true of radar interference. Electronic circuits track both the closet and most
distant edges of the echo. At the end of the scanning of the echo, the discriminator indi-
cates the measured maximum range extent and total angular extent subtended by the
echo. If the echo is larger than a ship-sized echo in range extent and/or angular width,
adjusted as a function of range, it is declared to be a coastline and the closet edge is put
into memory as a map of the area. This land outline is used to inhibit further acquisition
and tracking of ship sized echoes beyond the closest coast outline. 5 consecutive scans
of coastal outline are retained in memory to allow for signal variation. All smaller echoes
are declared to be ship sized and the middle of the leading edge is used to provide precise
range and bearing coordinates of each echo on every scan. This range/bearing data is
matched to previous data and analyzed from scan-to-scan for consistency. When it is

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 determined to be as consistent as a real target, automatic acquisition occurs and tracking
is initiated. Continued tracking and subsequent calculation develop the relative course
and speed of the target.

The true course and speed of own ship are computed from own ship’s gyro and speed
inputs, and the resulting course and speed of each tracked target are easily computed by
vector summing of the relative motion with own ship’s course and speed. The resulting
true or relative vector is displayed for each of the tracked targets. This process is updated
continually for each target on every scan of the radar.

5.18.3 Automatic acquisition areas and suppression lines

Performance of auto-acquisition is enhanced by controlling the limit lines (suppression
line) in the former series of FURUNO ARPAs. In this new series of ARPAs, the automatic
acquisition rings are used instead of the limit lines.

Auto acquisition rings work as suppression lines when viewed from the opposite direction.
They should be placed clear of a landmass or shoreline. The acquisition areas may be a
full 360 degree circle or sector of any angles are gyro stabilize.

5.18.4 Qualitative description of tracking error

The FURUNO ARPA accuracy complies with or exceed IMO standards.

Own ship maneuvers

For slow turns there is no effect. For very high turning rates (greater than 150°/minute,
depending on gyro), there is some influence on all tracked targets which last for a minute
or two and then all tracked targets revert to full accuracy.

Other ship maneuvers

Target ship courses lag 15 to 30 seconds at high relative speed, or three to six seconds at
low (near 0) relative speed. It is less accurate during a turn due to lag, but accuracy
recovers quickly.

5.19 Factors Affecting ARPA Functions

Sea returns
If the radar anti-clutter control is adjusted properly, there is no serious effect because
distant wave clutter, not eliminated by this control, is filtered out by more than one bang
correlation and scan-to-scan matching of data.

Rain and snow

Clutter can be acquired and tracked as targets. Adjust the [A/C RAIN] control. If it is heavy
rain, switch to S-band if provided, or switch on the interference rejector on the radar. If
heavy clutter still exists, switch to manual acquisition. Accuracy can be affected.

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 Low clouds
Usually no effect. If necessary, adjust the [A/C RAIN] control.

Non-synchronous emissions
No effect.

Low gain
Insufficient or low radar receiver gain will result in some targets not being acquired at long
distance. The ARPA display will be missing on one or more targets that could only be
visible if the radar sensitivity control (GAIN control) were increased.

The setting of the correct radar receiver gain is not critical but the target should be on the
radar PPI and be clearly visible and well defined.

Manual acquisition is done if a target is positively displayed more than once. Automatic
acquisition is done when the target is detected 5-7 times continuously. Tracking is achieved
when the target is detected five times (not necessarily continuously) out of 10 scans. If not
detected six times out of 10 scans, the target will become a “lost target.” The ARPA will
acquire a radar echo that is present once in every six antenna scans and continue tracking
if one in 10.

Second trace echoes

When the radar beam is super refracted, strong echoes may be received at such long
ranges that they appear on a different timebase sweep than the transmitted pulse. This
gives an incorrect range indication. Second and third trace echoes can be tracked if they
are consistent enough to meet acquisition and tracking criteria but target course and speed
data will be in error.

Blind and shadow sectors

Radar shadow or blind areas caused by obstructions aboard ship, for example, funnels
and masts, in the path of the radar beam can result in reduction of radar beam intensity in
that particular direction. This may eliminate the detection of some targets. The ARPA sys-
tem will lose track of targets shortly after they are lost on the radar picture and if they
remain in a blind zone. These targets will however be acquired and tracked when they
pass out of the blind zone and again present normal radar echo. The angular width and
bearing of any shadow sector should be determined for their influence on the radar. In
certain cases false echoes in the shadow sector cause the ARPA system to acquire, track,
and vector them. Shadow sectors should be avoided.

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 Indirect echoes
A target at close range is usually picked up directly, but it can also be received as reflec-
tion from a large, flat surface. This will result in the radar presenting two or more echoes
on the display, each at a different range. The ARPA can acquire and track the false echo if
it is detected by five consecutive scans. Reduction in radar gain can eliminate the multiple
echoing but care should be taken as range detection also will be reduced.

Radar interference
If interference is extreme due to another radar operating at close range, spiral “dotting”
and/or false targets may appear momentarily. The interference rejector can clear the dis-
play. To receive radar beacon or SART signals, turn off the radar interference rejection
and echo average which operate on the correlation technique.

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 6. VIDEO PLOTTER RP-26
(Option for NM-type radar)

6.1 General
The Video Plotter RP-26 is an optional circuit board which is accommodated in the display
unit of the radar. It permits use of two memory cards, a memory card (RAM) for storing the
operator created radar maps, and the other is a chart card (ROM) for storing FURUNO
made digital charts.

The memory card enables the operator to create radar maps more precisely than the
standard supplied radar map card (150 points per map). Navigation lines can have as
many segments and vertexes as required (maximum 25 lines and 30 vertexes per line).
The card permanently retains the data you have entered from the radar display or by Lat/
Long positions. Own ship and other ship tracks may be stored at a selected interval. To
display navigation lines, RTE and WPL sentences are necessary. WPL ID sentence re-
ceived in figure only. The data can be copied for other ships of the same shipping com-
pany.

Charts are superimposed on the radar picture without disturbing the radar observation.
The chart area is dependent on the radar range in use.

Note: RP-26 is not available with the statute mile (SM)-type radar.

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 The drive for the ROM card can also drive the Electronic Reference Chart (ERC). The
ERC is a digital chart published by the Japanese Hydrographic Bureau. Note it is not an
ENC used for ECDIS.

6.2 The Video Plotter Display

Press the [RADAR MENU] key. Press the [9] key once or twice for “Chart plus Radar” or
“Radar”.

North marker

,,,,,,,,
350 000 010
Separation zone 340 020 Heading marker

,,,,,,,,
330 030

,,,,,,,,
320 040
Waypoint

,,,,,,,,
310 050
Target being tracked Navline

,,,,,,,,
W012
300 060

,,,,,,,,
Own ship safe contour

,,,,,,,,
290 070
Heading line

,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
280 080

,,,,,,,,
270 090
Planned route

,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
260 100

,,,,,,,,
Own ship vector

,,,,,,,,
250 110

240

230
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, W011
130
120 Approximate coastline

Dangerous side of own 220 140 Waypoint

ship safe contour may be 210 150
marked like this. 200 160
190 180 170
Past position
ARPA: Equally time-spaced positions of any targets being tracked.
Note-not equally geographically spaced.
EPA: Past plot positions may not be equally time-spaced, up to the
operator.

Figure 6-1 Video plotter display

6.3 Display Modes

The RP-26 has two motion displays and three presentation modes.
Motion Displays: Relative Motion (RM),
True Motion (TM)
Presentation Modes: North-up (NU)
Course-up (CU)
Head-up (HU)

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 Note: HU is not available on the RADAR/VIDEO PLOTTER display.

When own ship mark is at a distance from the screen center 3/4 the range in use it is
automatically reset to a point of 50% radius.

6.3.1 Precaution for chart/memory cards

Both the chart card and memory card are susceptible to sunlight and magnetic material.
• Keep them away from direct sunlight, heat sources and active gases.
• Keep cards away from water and chemicals.
• Keep the connector free of foreign material.
• Do not drop the cards.

6.3.2 How to display charts

To display a chart;

1. Insert the chart RAM card in one of two card slots.

Eject button for

upper card

Eject button for Drive for Drive for chart card

lower card chart card or RAM card

Figure 6-2 Card drives

2. Select the radar range with the RANGE keys. The chart appears. The following ranges
are available: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 nm.

6.3.3 Chart position correction

There may be a case where the radar picture does not match the chart overlay. This is due
to an error in the position fixing system (GPS, Loran, etc.) or the different coordinates
between the position fixing system and the radar. You can align chart with the radar image
as follows:

1. Press the [CHART ALIGN] key. CHART ALIGN appears at the top of the screen.
2. Rotate the trackball to shift the chart (or own ship) to the correct position.
3. Press the [CHART ALIGN] key again.

Canceling chart correction

1. Press [NAV MENU], [0] to display the VIDEO PLOTTER 2 menu.
2. Press the [2] key to select NAV DATA POSN.
3. Press the [ENTER] key to cancel correction. Navaid position data is restored.
The cursor position can be corrected on the “ALIGN DATA” submenu in the VIDEO PLOT-
TER 2 menu.

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 6.4 Set-up of Video Plotter Display
6.4.1 Hiding/Showing graphics
1. Press [NAV MENU], [8] to display the PLOT DISP SELECT menu. Current selections
appear in reverse video. Blank items have been turned off on the VIDEO PLOTTER
INITIAL SETTING menu. For further details see paragraph 6.10 Initial Settings.

[PLOT DISP SELECT]

1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 1]
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON
3 COAST LINE OFF/ON
4 LAND DENSITY OFF/ON
5 PLACE NAME OFF/ON
6 MARK OFF/ON
7 OWN SHIP PLOT OFF/SEPARATE/CONTINUE
8 TARGET PLOT OFF/ON
9 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON
0 GRID OFF/ON

Figure 6-3 PLOT DISP SELECT menu

2. Press appropriate numeral key twice to hide or show graphic.

3. Press the [ENTER] key.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to hide or show other graphics.
5. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the menu.
Note: LAND DENSITY fills (ON) or hollows (OFF) land on an electronic chart. Land will be
hollow when wrong card or wrong scale is used regardless of LAND DENSITY setting.

6.4.2 Hiding/Showing nav data

You may select what navigation data to display on the video plotter display as follows:

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

[NAV INFORMATION 1]
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 1]
2 SELECT NAVAID GPS+LC/DEAD RECKONING
3 OWN SHIP POSN OFF/ L/L
4 POSN xx°xx.xxx N/S
xx°xx.xxx E/S
5 +CURSOR DATA OFF/ L/L
6 WPT DATA OFF/REL/TRUE
7 [NAV LINE]
8 [WAYPOINT]
9 WIND DATA OFF/ON
0 [NAV INFORMATION 2]

Figure 6-4 NAV INFORMATION 1 menu

2. Press appropriate numeral key to select both item and option. Press the [ENTER] key
to register selection.

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 For “OWN SHIP POSN” (manual input of position), do the following;
1) Press the [4] key.
2) Enter latitude in seven digits.
3) Press the [ENTER] key. (If necessary to change to coordinate, press [4], [ENTER]).
4) Enter longitude in eight digits.
5) Press the [ENTER] key. (If necessary to change to coordinate, press [5], [ENTER]).
3. Press the [0] key to go to next page, the NAV INFORMATION 2 menu. Select options
as you did on the previous menu. To return to the previous menu, press [1].

[NAV INFORMATION 2]
1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]
2 WIND GRAPH OFF/ON
3 WIND UNIT m/s/KT
4 CURRENT DATA OFF/ON
5 CURRENT GRAPH OFF/ON
6 DEPTH DATA OFF/ON
7 DEPTH GRAPH OFF/ON
8 [DEPTH SCALE 10/20/50/100/200/500
9 DEPTH UNIT m/ft
0 [NAV INFORMATION 3]

Figure 6-5 NAV INFORMATION 2 menu

4. Press [0] to display the NAV INFORMATION 3 menu.

[NAV INFORMATION 3]
1 [NAV INFORMATION 2]
2 WATER TEMPERATURE OFF/ON
3 DATE OFF/GMT/LOCAL
±xx.xH
4
5
6
7

4, 5, 6: When the radar is a component of an INS.

Figure 6-6 NAV INFORMATION 3 menu

5. To set time indication, press the [3] key several times to select OFF, UTC or LOCAL
and press the [ENTER] key. To use local time, select LOCAL and enter time difference
between local time and GMT.

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 6. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the menu.

6.5 Track
This section provides the information necessary for setting the track display conditions of
both own ship and other vessels.

6.5.1 Stopping plotting of own ship’s track

1. Press [NAV MENU], [5] in order to show the OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT menu.

[OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT]

1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 1]
2 RECORD OWN SHIP PLOT OFF/ON
3 OWN SHIP PLOT INTVL 10/30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
4 OWN SHIP PLOT COLOR RED/MAGENTA/YEL
GRN/CYAN/BLU
5 RECORD TARGET PLOT OFF/ON
6 TARGET PLOT INTVL 10/30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
7
8 SMOOTHING OFF/1/2/3/6/7/8/9

Figure 6-7 OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT menu

2. Press the [2] key twice to select OFF.

3. Press the [ENTER] key.
Own ship’s track is neither plotted nor saved to the memory. To resume plotting, select ON
at step 2 and press the [ENTER] key.

6.5.2 Stopping plotting of other ship’s track

1. Press [NAV MENU], [5] in order.
2. Press the [5] key twice to select OFF.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.
Other ship’s tracks are neither plotted nor saved to the memory. To resume plotting, select
ON at step 2 and press the [ENTER] key.

6.5.3 Track plotting interval

The memory stores ship’s position in latitude and longitude at a sampling rate set on the
OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT menu. The position data so stored is used to display past own
ship’s track on the screen.

The plotting interval affects track reconstruction. A shorter interval provides more accurate
reconstruction of track, however storage time of the track is reduced.

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 1. Press [NAV MENU], [5] in order.
2. To change own ship’s track plotting interval, press the [3] key several times to display
desired plotting interval in reverse video.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.
4. To change other ships’ track plotting interval, press [6] (several times) to select plotting
interval.
5. Press the [ENTER] key.

Plot interval and track storage time

Memory capacity for own ship’s track and other ship’s track is 6,000 points each. For other
ship’s track the 6,000 points is divided equally among ten targets, so there are 600 points
per target. When a track memory becomes full the oldest track is deleted to make room for
a new entry.

If own ship track is stored every minute, 6,000 points of memory represents 100 hours of
time span; 3 minute intervals covers 16 days and 16 hours. The time span covering one
other ship is 1/10 of own ship as a total of 10 other ships equal to one OS.

6.5.4 Memory used

Press [NAV MENU], [0] to display the following:

MEMORY IN USE
OWN SHIP = 3456
TARGET = 1124
MARK = 0021

Figure 6-8 MEMORY IN USE display

6.5.5 Track smoothing

Even when the vessel is sailing in a straight line the track shown on the display may not
look straight. This is due to signal variation of the external navaid. You can compensate for
this irregularity with smoothing.

A smoothing factor between 1 and 9 is available. OFF provides no smoothing. In most

cases a smoothing setting between 1 and 5 is satisfactory.

1. Press [NAV MENU], [5] in order.

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 2. Press the [8] key to select smoothing factor.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.5.6 Erasing track

In the busy traffic, the screen may become cluttered. You can remove all or a percentage
of own ship track from the memory to clear the display. Track of other ships can also be
cleared.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press the [9] key to display the PLOTTER ERASE menu.

[PLOTTER ERASE]
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 1]
2 OWN SHIP PLOT 30%/50%/80%/ALL
3 TARGET PLOT 30%/50%/80%/ALL
4 MARK OFF/ALL
5 WPT OFF/ALL
6 NAV LINE OFF/ALL

Figure 6-9 PLOTTER ERASE menu

3. Press the [2] key several times to select OWN SHIP PLOT and the amount of track
points you wish to erase.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.
5. To erase other ship’s track, press the [3] key to select TARGET PLOT and the amount
of track to erase.
Note: Track cannot be restored once erased.

6. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.6 Marks, Lines

6.6.1 Entering marks
You can inscribe marks on the display to note important points, for example, a buoy or a
wreck. The mark capacity is 6,000 points.

Selecting method of entry

Marks can be entered by cursor position, L/L position or own ship’s position.

1. Press [NAV MENU], [0], [6] in order.

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 2. Press the [6] key to select method of mark entry; CURSOR, L/L or OWN SHIP POSN.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

Entering marks/lines at CURSOR or OWN SHIP POSITION

1. Select CURSOR or OWN SHIP POSITION following “Selecting method of entry” on
the previous page. Press the [MARK] key to display the ENTER MARK menu.

[ENTER MARK]
MARK NO. 01

01 11 21 LINE CHANGE
02 12 22 MARK CANCEL
03 13
04 14
05 15
06 16 NAV LINE
07 17 COAST LINE
08 X 18 CONTOUR LINE
09 19 PROHIBITED AREAS
10 20 CABLE

CANCEL ENTER MARK: CANCEL KEY

Figure 6-10 ENTER MARK menu (cursor, own ship)

2. Enter mark number to select desired mark, followed by the [ENTER] key. On the OWN
SHIP POSN mode, selected mark is entered at own ship’s position.
3. On the CURSOR mode, operate the trackball to place the cursor on the position de-
sired for the mark.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.
5. To escape the mark entry mode, press the [CANCEL] key.

Entering marks by latitude and longitude

1. Select L/L POSN following “Selecting method of entry” on the previous page. Press the
[MARK] key.

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 [ENTER MARK]
00°00.000 N/S 5-N 6-S
000°00.000 E/W 7-E 8-W
MARK NO. 01

01 11 21 LINE CHANGE
02 12 22 MARK CANCEL
03 13
04 14
05 15
06 16 NAV LINE
07 17 COAST LINE
08 X 18 CONTOUR LINE
09 19 PROHIBITED AREAS
10 20 CABLE

CANCEL ENTER MARK: CANCEL KEY

Figure 6-11 ENTER MARK menu (L/L position)

2. Enter latitude by numeric keys followed by the [ENTER] key.

3. Enter longitude followed by the [ENTER] key.
4. Enter mark number to select desired mark followed by the [ENTER] key.
5. To escape the mark entry mode, press the [CANCEL] key.

6.6.2 Erasing marks/lines

When the mark memory becomes full no marks can entered unless you erase unneces-
sary marks.

Erasing individual marks

1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the mark you want to erase.
2. Press the [CANCEL] key.

Erasing all marks and all lines

1. Press [NAV MENU], [9] in order.
2. Press the [4] key twice to select MARK OFF followed by [ENTER].

Erasing lines
1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the starting or end point of the line you
want to erase. Selecting the intersection of two lines erases both lines.
2. Press the [CANCEL] key.

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 6.7 Waypoints
6.7.1 Entering waypoints
Maximum 100 waypoints, numbered 00 - 99, can be entered by the trackball, by latitude
and longitude, or at own ship position.

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4] and [2] in order. The following display appears.

[ENTER WPT]
1 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE]
2 ENTER WPT CURSOR/L/L /OWN SHIP POSN
3 WPT NO. xx
xx°xx.xxxN/S
xxx°xx.xxxE/W

Figure 6-12 ENTER WPT menu

2. Press the [2] key several times to select CURSOR, L/L or OWN SHIP POSN whichever
is preferred, followed by the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [3] key twice.
4. Do one of the following depending on option selected at step 2.
CURSOR: Operate the trackball to place the cursor at a location desired for waypoint.
L/L: POSN: Enter latitude followed by the [ENTER] key; enter longitude followed by
the [ENTER] key.
OWN SHIP POSN: No action at his stage.
5. Enter waypoint number in two digits and press the [ENTER] key.
6. To enter another waypoint, repeat steps 4 and 5.

6.7.2 The waypoint list

To display all registered waypoints, press [NAV MENU], [4] and [3]. Waypoint 00 through
09 are shown. Empty waypoints have all asterisks. To go to next page, press [0]. Pressing
[1] returns to previous page.

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 [WPT LIST]
1 [ENTER WPT, NAVLINE]
WPT
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx° xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
xx xx°xx.xxxN
xxx°xx.xxxE
9 ERASE WPTxx
0 [WPT LIST 2]

Figure 6-13 WPT LIST

6.7.3 Displaying a waypoint

A single waypoint may be shown on the display.

1. Press [NAV MENU], [1] and [8] to choose the WAYPOINT menu.

[WAYPOINT]
1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]
2 WPT MARK OFF/ON
3 WPT WPT xx
xx°xx.xxxN/S
xxx°xx.xxxE/W
4 WPT LINE OFF/ON
5 WPT NO. OFF/ON
6 WPT DISPLAY NO. 1/ALL
7 WPT DATA VIDEO PLOTTER/NAVAID
8 ARRIVAL ALARM OFF/ON
x.xxNM
xx.xMIN

Figure 6-14 WAYPOINT menu

3. Press the [2] key twice to select WPT ON and then press the [ENTER] key.
4. Press the [3] key.
5. Enter waypoint number in two digits and press the [ENTER] key. The latitude and
longitude position of the waypoint appear on the menu and the waypoint is displayed
on the screen.
To hide the waypoint, select OFF in step 3 and press the [ENTER] key.

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 Showing external waypoint
You can show the external waypoint from a navaid as follows:

1. Press [NAV MENU], [8] to open WAYPOINT menu.

2. Press the [7] key to select WPT DATA.
3. If NAVAID is not in reverse video, press the [7] key again.
4. Press the [2] key.
5. If ON is not in reverse video, press the [2] key again.
6. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.7.4 Deleting waypoints

Waypoints can be deleted individually, or collectively through the waypoint list.

Deleting individual waypoints

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4], [3] to display the WPT LIST 1 menu.
2. Press the [0] key to display the page which contains the waypoint you want to delete.
3. Press the [9] key and enter waypoint number in two digits.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.

Deleting all waypoints

1. Press [NAV MENU], [9] to display the PLOTTER ERASE menu.
2. Press the [5] key twice followed by the [ENTER] key.
Note: Waypoints used for navigation lines cannot be deleted except by editing or deleting
the navigation line.

6.8 Navigation Lines

30 navigation lines may be entered, and each line may have up to 30 waypoints.

6.8.1 Entering new navigation line

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4] and [5].
2. Press the [2] key.
3. Enter navigation line number in two digits and press the [ENTER] key.
4. Enter waypoint number in two digits and press the [ENTER] key.

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 5. Repeat step 4 to continue entering waypoint numbers.
6. Press the [NAV MENU] key to register navigation line.

6.8.2 Adding waypoint to navigation lines

To add waypoints to a navigation line;

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4] and [5].

2. Press the [2] key. Enter navigation line number and press the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [8] key.
4. Enter “FROM” waypoint number to add and press the [ENTER] key.
5. Enter waypoint number to add.

8 ADDING
Newly added waypoint
WPT 00 - > 00
9 ....

"FROM" waypoint

6. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the menu.

6.8.3 Removing waypoints from navigation lines

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4] and [5].
2. Press the [2] key, enter navigation line number, and press the [ENTER] key.
3. Press the [9] key, enter waypoint number, and press the [ENTER] key.

6.8.4 Displaying navigation line list

Press [NAV MENU], [4] and [6] to display the list.

6.8.5 Deleting individual navigation lines

1. Press [NAV MENU], [4], [6] and [9].
2. Enter navigation line number you want to delete. (The line in use is not deleted.)
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.8.6 Deleting all navigation lines

1. Press [NAV MENU], [9].
2. Press the [6] key twice to select ALL.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

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 6.8.7 Displaying navigation lines
Navigation lines may be set up as follows:

1. Press [NAV MENU], [3].

2. Press the [2] key to select NAV LINE.
3. If ON is not in reverse video, press the [2] key again.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.

[NAVLINE]
1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]
2 NAV LINE OFF/ON
3 NAV LINE NO. xx/xx/xx/xx/xx
4 NAV WIDTH OFF/ON
x.xxNM
5 WPT NO. OFF/ON
6 WPT xx
(x)→•→(xx)→
(xx)→(xx)
7 NAVLINE DATA VIDEO PLOTTER/NAVAID
8 ARRIVAL ALARM OFF/ON
x.xxNM
xx.xMIN
9 TURNING LINE OFF/ON/REVISED

Figure 6-15 NAVLINE menu

5. Press the [7] key to choose NAV LINE DATA; VIDEO PLOTTER for internally gener-
ated navigation width data or NAVAID for external navaid generated data.
6. Press the [ENTER] key.
7. Press the [4] key to select NAV WIDTH.
8. Enter line width (in nautical miles) and then press the [ENTER] key.
9. To display waypoint number of the route on the display, press the [5] key to select ON
and then press the [ENTER] key.
10.To skip a waypoint, press the [6] key, enter next waypoint to head to, and then press
the [ENTER] key.
11. Press the [ENTER] key.
12.If you want to be alerted when own ship nears a waypoint, press the [8] key to select
ON, press the [ENTER] key, enter arrival alarm range and press the [ENTER] key.
13.Press the [9] key to set turning line and then press the [ENTER] key.
OFF: Turns turning lines off.
ON: Use this setting when vessel is not to correct cross track error to return to course
set, after arriving at turning line location.
REVISED: Use this setting when vessel is to return to course set after correcting cross
track error, after arriving at turning line location.
14.Press the [3] key.
15.Enter navigation line number and then press the [ENTER] key.

6-15
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 6.9 Recording, Replaying Data
6.9.1 Formatting memory cards
Before you can use a memory card (RAM card) with the RP-26, the card must be format-
ted. Formatting prepares the recording surface of the card for use with the system. Insert
a new memory card in the right side card drive and follow the procedure below to format it.

1. Press [NAV MENU], [6] to choose CARD.

2. If RECORD is not in reverse video, press the [6] key again.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

[RECORD CARD]
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 1]
2 OWN SHIP PLOT T
3 TARGET PLOT A
4 MARK M
5
6
7
8
9
0 FORMAT NO/YES

Figure 6-16 RECORD CARD menu

4. Press the [0] key twice to select YES.

5. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.9.2 Recording data

When the track memory becomes full, the oldest track is erased to make room for the
latest. Further, when the mark memory becomes full you cannot enter another mark un-
less you erase a mark. Thus you should save important data to a memory card.

1. Insert a formatted RAM card into the card drive.

2. Press [NAV MENU] and [6] to choose CARD.
3. If RECORD is not in reverse video, press the [6] key again.
4. Press the [ENTER] key.
5. Select item to record with appropriate numeric key:
[2]: Own ship’s track
[3]: Target track
[4]: Marks
[5]: Radar map
6. Enter file name. You may use ten figures.
7. Press the [ENTER] key.

6-16
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 6.9.3 Replaying data
1. Press [NAV MENU], [6].
2. If REPLAY is not in reverse video, press the [6] key again.
3. Press the [ENTER] key.

[REPLAY CARD 1]
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER]
2 XXX
3 XXX
4 XXX
5 XXX
6 XXX
7 XXX
8 XXX
9 XXX
0 [REPLAY CARD 2]

Figure 6-17 REPLAY CARD menu

4. Press numeral key to select file to replay. You can go to the next page by pressing the
[0] key.
5. Press the [ENTER] key.

6.10 Initial Settings

An item on the PLOTTER DISP SELECT menu can be deleted through the VIDEO PLOT-
TER INITIAL SETTING menu.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press the [0] key twice to display the VIDEO PLOTTER INITIAL SETTING menu.

[VIDEO PLOTTER INITIAL SETTING]

1 [VIDEO PLOTTER 2]
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT ON/OFF
3 COASTLINE ON/OFF
4 LAND DENSITY ON/OFF
5 PLACE NAME ON/OFF
6 MARK ON/OFF
7 OWN SHIP PLOT ON/OFF
8 TARGET PLOT ON/OFF
9 CONTOUR LINE ON/OFF
0 GRID ON/OFF

Figure 6-18 VIDEO PLOTTER INITIAL SETTING menu

3. Press appropriate numeral key to turn item on or off.

4. Press the [ENTER] key.
5. Repeat 3 and 4.
Note: If Video Plotter fails to provide intended functions, turn ON the required functions on
this menu.

6-17
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 Menu Tree
Radar Menu

[RADAR MENU] Key [BRILLIANCE (1)]

1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 RINGS BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
3 EBL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
4 VRM BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
[FUNCTIONS (1)] 5 +CURSOR BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
1 TARGET TRAILS 6 CHAR BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 7 MARK BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 8 TRAIL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
4 INDEX LINES 9 HL BRILL DIM/M/BRT
5 ZOOM 0 [BRILLIANCE (2)]
6 PULSE WIDTH
7 INT REJECT [0]
8 ARPA
9 VIDEO PLOT
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)] [9] [BRILLIANCE (2)]
1 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
[0] 2 PLOT BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT
3 L/L GRID BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
[FUNCTIONS (2)] 4 CHART BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
5 SYMBOLS BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]
2 BKGD COLOR
BLK (GRN CHAR)/
BLK (RED CHAR)/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
BLU/ * Does not appear
[RADAR (1)]
BRT BLU on M-type radar.
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
2 EBL1 REL/TRUE
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 [PULSE WD 1]
3 EBL2 REL/TRUE
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 1 [RADAR (1)]
4 VRM1* NM/km
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN 2 0.5 SM S1/S2
5 VRM2* NM/km
MAN = 00.0KT 3 0.75 SM S1/S2/M1
6 TRAIL REL/TRUE
(STW/SOG)
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT [8] 4 1.5 SM S1/S2/M1
8 [PULSE WD 1] 5 3 SM S2/M1/M2/M3
SET = 000.0° 6 6 SM M1/M2/M3/L
9 [PULSE WD 2]
DRIFT=00.0KT 7 12-24 SM M2/M3/L
0 [RADAR (2)]
8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00SM [0]
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] [9]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
[RADAR (2)] [PULSE WD 2]
1 [RADAR (1)] 1 [RADAR (1)]
[3]
2 + CURSOR REL/TRUE 2 0.5 SM S1/S2
3 NOISE REJECT OFF/ON 3 0.75 SM S1/S2/M1
[FUNCTIONS (3)] 4 STERN MK OFF/ON 4 1.5 SM S1/S2/M1
1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] [2] 5 SHIP’S MK OFF/ON 5 3 SM S2/M1/M2/M3
2 [RADAR (1)] 6 ALARM IN/OUT 6 6 SM M1/M2/M3/L
3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 7 KEY BEEP OFF/L/M/H 7 12-24 SM M2/M3/L
4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 1 See 8 AUDIO ALARM OFF/L/M/H
5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] next 9 2ND ECHO OFF/ON
6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 2 page. 0 [RADAR (3)]
7 RADAR 1/2
8 INTER SWITCH [0]
9 GYRO SETTING
EBL = xxx.x°
[RADAR (3)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]
1 [RADAR (2)]
2 BARGE MK OFF/ON
3 BARGE SIZE LENGTH=000ft
[4] [BARGE INFORMATION]
WIDTH = 00ft [4]
4 [BARGE INFORMATION] 1 [RADAR (3)]
[FUNCTIONS (4)] 5 ORIGIN MK DISP NO./SYMBOL 2
0
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 6 ORIGIN MK STAB GND/SEA 0
2 7 ANTENNA REVOLUTION LOW/HIGH 0
3 TEST 8 RADAR NO. 1/2 0
9 TUNE MAN/AUTO 0
0 TUNE INITIALIZE

A-1
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 RADAR Menu (con’t.)
1 2

[3], [4] or [5]

[FUNCTION KEY 1] (PICT) [FUNCTION KEY 4] (OPR)

1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION 2 FUNC KEY1 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM
3 PICTURE FUNC1/BUOY/SHIP/ 3 OPERATION
SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/ TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/
HARBOR/COAST/SEA/ VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/
ROUGH SEA/RIVER/BIRD BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/
4 INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3 INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/
5 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 PLS WD1/PLS WD 2/
6 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 ECHO STRETCH 1/ 2/ 3/
7 A/C AUTO OFF/ON ECHO AVG 1/ 2 / 3/
8 [FUNC 1 PULSE WD] ECHO COLOR/
9 NOISE REJECT OFF/ON CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/
0 VIDEO CONTRAST 1/2/3 TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/
EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/
+CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/
[8] PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL/
CHART BRILL/ NOISE REJECT/
[FUNC 1 PULSE WD] BARGE MK/
BARGE CONFIGURATION
1 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
2 0.5 SM S1/S2
3 0.75 SM S1/S2/M1
4 1.5 SM S1/S2/M1 Press [2] once or twice to toggle
5 3 SM S2/M1/M2/M3 between OPERATION and WATCH
6 6 SM M1/M2/M3/L ALARM followed by ENTER key.
7 12-24 SM M2/M3/L

[2] [2] to toggle between

OPERATION and PICTURE menu. [FUNCTION KEY 4] (WATCH ALARM)
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
[FUNCTION KEY 1] (OPR) 2 FUNC KEY4 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM
1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 3 WATCH ALARM INTERVAL
2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION 6/10/12/15/20 MIN
3 OPERATION
TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/
VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/
BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/
INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/
PLS WD1/PLS WD 2/
ECHO STRETCH 1/ 2/ 3/
ECHO AVG 1/ 2 / 3/
ECHO COLOR/
CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/
TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/
EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/
+CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/
PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL/
CHART BRILL/ NOISE REJECT/
BARGE MK/
BARGE CONFIGURATION

A-2
Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
 NAV Menu, PLOT Menu
[PLOT MENU] Key

[EPA] [RADAR MAP]

1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN 1 [NAV INFORMATION (1)]
2 COLLISION ALARM OFF/ON 2 MAP OFF/ON
CPA 0.0SM 3 MAP NO. MAP xx
TCPA 00.0MIN MAP LIST
3 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE xx xx xx xx xx
4 PLOT NO. OFF/ON xx xx xx xx xx
4 NAV DATA POSN
5 ALIGN +CURSOR DATA OFF/ON
[NAV MENU] Key
6 MARK ENTRY MODE CURSOR/OWN SHIP POSN/L/L
(Radar only mode) 7 [ENTRY MAP ]
[1] 8 [MAP DISP SELECT]
[NAV INFORMATION (1)] 9 [MAP ERASE]
1 [RADAR MAP]
2 SELECT NAVAID GPS+LC/DEAD [7] [8]
RECKONING [ENTER MAP] [MAP DISP SELECT]
3 OWN SHIP POSN OFF/ L/L 1 [RADAR MAP] 1 [RADAR MAP]
4 POSN 00°00.000N/S 2 ENTER MAP MAP xx 2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON
00°00.000E/W 3 COAST LINE OFF/ON
5 +CURSOR DATA OFF/L/L 4 MARK OFF/ON
6 WPT DATA OFF/REL/TRUE 5 NAV LINE OFF/ON
7 [NAV LINE] 6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ON
8 [WAY POINT] 7 BUOY OFF/ON
9 WIND DATA OFF/ON 8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON
0 [NAV INFORMATION (2)] 9 ERASE MAP MAP xx
[0]
[NAV INFORMATION (2)] [NAV LINE]
1 [NAV INFORMATION (1)] 1 [NAV INFORMATION (1)]
2 WIND GRAPH OFF/ON 2 NAV LINE OFF/ON
3 WIND UNIT m/s/KT 3 NAV LINE NO. xx - xx - xx - xx
4 CURRENT DATA OFF/ON [7] 4 NAV WIDTH OFF/ON
5 CURRENT GRAPH OFF/ON 0.000NM
6 DEPTH DATA OFF/ON 5 WPT NO. OFF/ON
7 DEPTH GRAPH OFF/ON 6 WPT xx
8 DEPTH SCALE 10/20/50/100/ (xx) - • -xx -
200/500 (xx) - • -xx -
9 DEPTH UNIT m/ft 7 NAV LINE DATA VIDEO PLOTTER/NAVAID/OFF/ALL
0 [NAV INFORMATION (3)] 8 ARRIVAL ALARM OFF/ALL
[0] 0.00NM
9 TURNING LINE OFF/ON/REVISED
[NAV INFORMATION (3)]
1 [NAV INFORMATION (2)]
[8]
2 WATER TEMPERATURE OFF/ON [WAY POINT]
3 DATE OFF/UTC/LOCAL 1 [NAV INFORMATION 1]
±00.0H 2 WPT MARK OFF/ON
4 3 WPT
5 WPTxx
6 WPTxx
7 WPTxx
8 ROT SCALE OFF/30/90 WPTxx
WPTxx
4 WPT LINE OFF/ON
5 WPT NO. OFF/ON
6
7
[MAP ERASE] 8 ARRIVAL ALARM OFF/ON
1 [RADAR MAP] 0.00SM
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ALL
3 COAST LINE OFF/ALL [9]
4 MARK OFF/ALL
5 NAV LINE OFF/ALL
6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ALL
7 BUOY OFF/ALL
8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ALL

A-3
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 NAV Menu w/RP-26
[VIDEO PLOTTER INITIAL SETTING]
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (2)]
2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON
3 COAST LINE OFF/ON
*1
[NAV MENU] Key 4 LAND DENSITY OFF/ON
(with RP-26) 5 PLACE NAME OFF/ON
6 MARK OFF/ON
[NAV INFORMATION (1)] [1] [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)] 7 OWN SHIP PLOT OFF/ON
1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)] 1 [NAV INFORMATION (1)] 8 TARGET PLOT OFF/ON
2 SELECT NAVAID GPS DEAD RECKONING 2 [WAY POINT] 9 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON
3 OWN SHIP POSN OFF L/L 3 [NAV LINE] 0 GRID OFF/ON
4 POSN 00° 00.000N/S 4 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE]
00° 00.000 E/W 5 [OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT]
5 +CURSOR DATA OFF/REL/TRUE 6 CARD REPLAY, RECORD
6 WPT DATA 7 RADAR MAP OFF/ON [*4]
7 [NAV LINE] 8 [DISPLAY SELECT]
8 [WAY POINT] 9 [ERASE]
9 WIND DATA OFF/ON 0 [VIDEO PLOTTER (2)]
0 [NAV INFORMATION (2)]
[0]

[VIDEO PLOTTER (2)]

[0] 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
2 NAV DATA POSN
[NAV INFORMATION (2)] 3 ALIGN DATA OFF/ON
1 [NAV INFORMATION (1)] 4 OWN SHIP CENTER
2 WIND GRAPH OFF/ON 5
[4] 6 MARK ENTRY MODE CURSOR OWN SHIP POSN L/L
3 WIND UNIT m/s/KT
4 CURRENT DATA OFF/ON 7 TRAIL EAV LOG GYRO
5 CURRENT GRAPH OFF/ON 8 [VIDEO PLOTTER INITIAL SETTING]
[3]
6 DEPTH DATA OFF/ON
7 DEPTH GRAPH OFF/ON
8 DEPTH SCALE 10/20/50/100/ [OWN SHIP, TARGET PLOT]
200/500 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE] 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
9 DEPTH UNIT m/ft 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)] 2 RECORD OWN SHIP PLOT OFF/ON
0 [NAV INFORMATION (3)] 2 [ENTER WPT] 3 OWN SHIP PLOT INTVL 10/30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
3 [WPT LIST] 4 OWN SHIP PLOT COLOR RED/MAGENTA/YEL
[0] 4 GRN/CYAN/BLU
5 [ENTER NAVLINE] 5 RECORD TARGET PLOT OFF/ON
[NAV INFORMATION (3)] 6 [NAV LINE LIST] 6 TARGET PLOT INTVL 10/30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
1 [NAV INFORMATION (2)] 7
2 WATER TEMPERATURE OFF/ON 8 SMOOTHING OFF/1/2/3/6/7/8/9
3 DATE OFF/UTC/LOCAL
±00.0H [REPLAY CARD (1)]
4 USER CHART OFF/ON 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
5 CURVED EBL OFF/ON [2] 2 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
6 CHART SYMBOL OFF/ON 3 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
7 NOTEBOOK OFF/ON 4 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
[ENTER NAV LINE] 5 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
1 [ENTER WPT NAV LINE] 6 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
2 NAV LINE ON 7 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
[ENTER WPT] WPT → → → 8 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
1 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE] → → → 9 FILE XXXXXXXXXX
2 ENTER WPT CURSOR/ L/L /OWN SHIP POSN → → →
3 WPT NO. 00 → → →
00° 00.000N/S → → →
000° 00.000E/W → → → [RECORD]
→ → → 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
→ → → 2 OWN SHIP PLOT T
[3] → → → 3 TARGET PLOT A
[WPT LIST (1)] → → → 4 MARK M
5 RADAR MAP R
1 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE] 6
WPT 8 ADDING WPTXX→XX
9 DESELECTING WPTXX 7
00 XX° XX.XXXN 8
XXX° XX.XXXE 9
01 XX° XX.XXXN 0 FORMAT NO/YES
XXX° XX.XXXE
02 XX° XX.XXXN
XXX° XX.XXXE
03 XX° XX.XXXN [PLOTTER DISP SELECT]
XXX° XX.XXXE [NAV LINE LIST] 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
04 XX° XX.XXXN 1 [ENTER WPT, NAV LINE] 2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON
XXX° XX.XXXE NAV LINE XX XX XX 3 COAST LINE OFF/ON
*3
05 XX° XX.XXXN XX XX XX 4 LAND DENSITY OFF/ON
XXX° XX.XXXE XX XX XX 5 PLACE NAME OFF/ON
06 XX° XX.XXXN 6 MARK OFF/ON
XXX° XX.XXXE 7 OWN SHIP PLOT OFF/SEPARATE/CONTINUE
07 XX° XX.XXXN 8 TARGET PLOT OFF/ON
XXX° XX.XXXE 9 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON
08 XX° XX.XXXN 0 GRID OFF/ON
XXX° XX.XXXE
09 XX° XX.XXXN
XXX° XX.XXXE [PLOTTER ERASE]
9 ERASE WPTXX 9 ERASE NAV LINEXX 1 [VIDEO PLOTTER (1)]
0 [WPT LIST (2)] 2 OWN SHIP PLOT 30%/50%/80%/ALL
3 TARGET PLOT 30%/50%/80%/ALL
*1: Fishing vessel only 4 MARK OFF/ALL
*2: Radar connected to INS 5 WPT OFF/ALL
*3: Items depend on the setting of 6 NAV LINE OFF/ALL
WPT LIST 2-10
video plotter initial setting.
*4: The NAV INFORMATION 1 menu appears by
pressing the NAV MENU key at the Radar only
display mode.

A-4
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 PLOT Menu w/ARP-26
[PLOT MENU] Key

[ARPA (1)] [AUTO ACQ AREA SET]

1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN 1 [ARPA (1)]
2 AUTO ACQ OFF/ON [3] 2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY
3 AUTO ACQ AREA 3. 6/[SET] CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL KEY
4 GUARD ZONE OFF/ON
5 [GUARD ZONE SET]
6 TARGET BASED SPEED 1 OR 2 OR 3
7 REFERENCE TARGET VECT OFF/ON
8 COLLISION ALARM CPA 0.0KT
TCPA 00.0MIN [5]
9 [TRIAL MANEUVER]
0 [ARPA (2)] [GUARD ZONE SET]
1 [ARPA (1)]
2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY
CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL
KEY

[0]
[9]
[TRIAL DATA SETTING]
[DYNAMIC MODE] (or STATIC MODE)
SPEED (VRM) = 15.0KT
COURSE (EBL) = 53.6°
[ARPA (2)] DELAY TIME (KEY) = xx.xMIN
1 [ARPA (1)] TRIAL TIME = xx.xMIN
2 TRIAL MODE STATIC/DYNAMIC
3 HISTORY OFF/ON
4 HISTORY POINTS 5/10/20
5 HISTORY INTERVAL 30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN
6 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE
7 GUARD, ACQ STABILIZE NORTH/CRT [8]
8 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)] [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)]
9 [ARPA TRACK TEST] 1 [ARPA (2)]
0 [ARPA INITIAL SEETING] HD =OK
[9] BP =OK
T =OK
V =OK
[ARPA TRACK TEST] TGT SEL =1
1 [ARPA (2)] LOG PULSE =XXXP
NOTE: CPU1 COUNTER =XXXXX
THE DISPLAY IS CPU2 COUNTER =XXXXX
CLEARER WHEN LOG SENSOR =LOG
RUNNING THIS TEST. EXT SPEED =XX.XKT
RUN TEST? EXT COURSE =XXX.X°
YES: ENTER KEY LOG SPD =XX.XKT
NO: CANCEL KEY MAN SPD =XX.XKT
GYRO =XXX.X°
SET =XXX.X°
DRIFT =XX.XKT
HD ALIGN =XXX.X°
[ARPA INITIAL SETTING] CPU1 STATUS =XXXX
1 [ARPA (2)] CPU2 STATUS =XXXX
2 TARGET SETTING 0/1/2/3/4 0 [INPUT SIG CHECK (2)]
3 TRACK RANGE 24/32
4 QV SELECT 0/1/2/3
5 TGT OUTPUT DATA OFF/REL/TRUE
6 DISP CPA, TCPA OFF/ON [0]
7 START TIME TARGET VECT
1MIN/20SCANS [INPUT SIG CHECK (2)]
8 TARGET DATA REL/TRUE
9 [ARPA RESET] 1 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)]
NO. 1=XXXX NO.11=XXXX
NO. 2=XXXX NO.12=XXXX
[9] NO. 3=XXXX NO.13=XXXX
NO. 4=XXXX NO.14=XXXX
NO. 5=XXXX NO.15=XXXX
NO. 6=XXXX NO.16=XXXX
[ARPA PRESET] NO. 7=XXXX NO.17=XXXX
1 0000 13 0000 25 0000 37 0000 49 0000 NO. 8=XXXX NO.18=XXXX
2 0000 14 0000 26 0000 38 0000 50 0000 NO. 9=XXXX NO.19=XXXX
3 0000 15 0000 27 0000 39 0000 51 0000 NO.10=XXXX NO.20=XXXX
4 0000 16 0000 28 0000 40 0000 52 0000
5 0000 17 0000 29 0000 41 0000 53 0000 MIN HIT =XX
6 0000 18 0000 30 0000 42 0000 54 0000 SCAN =XXX
7 0000 19 0000 31 0000 43 0000 55 0000 FE STATUS =XXXX
8 0000 20 0000 32 0000 44 0000 56 0000 AUTO =XX
9 0000 21 0000 33 0000 45 0000 57 0000 MAN =XX
10 0000 22 0000 34 0000 46 0000 58 0000 LOST =XX
11 0000 23 0000 35 0000 47 0000 59 0000
12 0000 24 0000 36 0000 48 0000 60 0000

NO = 00
DATA = 0000

A-5
Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
 Set-up for Fishing Vessel

This radar can be customized as a fishing vessel version, with an internal setting. The
fishing vessel version requires and additional picture setup option “BIRD,” which is as-
signable to one of the functions keys depending on a setting on FUNCTION KEY #1, #2 or
#3 menu shown below.

When the option BIRD is menu-selected at the time of installation, the corresponding
functions key is labeled “BIRD.” Press the function key “BIRD” and the radar will be set up
for optimum detection of sea birds between 6 and 16 nm. As is well known by professional
fishermen, locating a flock of sea birds is useful for finding certain species of fish.

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] [FUNCTIONS (3)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]
2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 2 [RADAR (1)]
3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1]
4 INDEX LINES 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2]
5 ZOOM 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3]
6 PULSE WIDTH 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4]
7 INT REJECT 7 RADAR 1/2
8 ARPA 8 INTER SWITCH
9 VIDEO PLOT 9 GYRO SETTING
0 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[0] key [3], [4] or [5] key

[FUNCTION KEY 1] (PICT)
[FUNCTIONS (2)]
1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]
2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ 2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION
3 PICTURE FUNC1/BUOY/SHIP/
BLK(RED CHAR)/
SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/
BLU (ECHO AREA)
HARBOR/COAST/SEA/
BLU/ ROUGH SEA/RIVER/BIRD
BRT BLU 4 INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3
3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3
4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 6 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3
5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 7 A/C AUTO OFF/ON
6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN 8 [FUNC 1 PULSE WD]
MAN = 00.0KT 9 NOISE REJECT OFF/ON
(STW/SOG) 0 VIDEO CONTRAST 1/2/3
7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN
SET = 000.0°
DRIFT = 00.0KT
8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN
MAN = 00.00NM
9 [BRILLIANCE (1)]
0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

[0] key

A-6
Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
 SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR
FR-2125V

1. ANTENNA RADIATORS
(1) Type Slotted waveguide array
(2) Radiator length 6.5 ft (XN20AF), 8 ft (XN24AF)
(3) Horizontal Beamwidth 1.23º (XN20AF), 0.95º (XN24AF)
(4) Vertical Beamwidth 20º
(5) Side-lobe Attenuation -28 dB or less (within ±1º of main-lobe)
-32 dB or less (±1º of main-lobe or more)
(6) Polarization Horizontal
(7) Rotation 24 rpm or 42 rpm (option)

2. RF TRANSCEIVER
(1) Frequency 9410 MHz ±30 MHz
(2) Output Power 25 kW
(3) Range, Pulselength (PL) & Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR)
Range (statute mile)
PL PRR(Hz) 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 32 48 96
3000 0.07 µs
SP
3000 0.15 µs
1500 0.3 µs
MP 1000 0.5 µs
1000 0.7 µs
LP 500 1.2 µs
(4) IF Amplifier 60 MHz, Logarithmic
(5) Duplexer Ferrite circulator with diode limiter
(6) Noise Figure 6 dB
(7) Spurious Response -40 dB

3. RADAR DISPLAY
(1) Picture Tube 21” color CRT, Effective radar dia. 275 mm
Yellow or green echoes in 16 levels or 16 colors
Different color for VRM, range rings, alarms etc.
(2) Scanning Raster scan at scanning frequency 61.44 kHz horizontal, 60 kHz vertical.
Number of scanning lines 1024, non-interlaced.
(3) Minimum Range 25 m

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 (4) Range Scales and Ring Intervals
0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 96
0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 8, 12, 12
(5) Range Accuracy 1% of range in use or 15 m whichever is the greater
(6) Range Discrimination 25 m
(7) Bearing Accuracy ±1°
(8) Bearing Discrimination 2.5°
(9) Presentation modes Head-up, Head-up TB, North-up, Course-up, True Motion North-up
(Heading signal required except for HU)
(10) Variable Range Markers Two Variable Range Markers, switched
(11) Offcenter Sweep origin can be offcentered by 50% of range in use in any direction
(Not available for maximum range)
(12) Guard Zone Anywhere above 0.7 SM
(13) Electronic Plotting Aids (EPA)
10 Targets Providing Range, Bearing, Course, Speed, CPA and TCPA
Note: EPA disabled when ARPA function is used.
(14) Parallel Index Lines 2, 3 and 6 lines (selectable on menu)

4. INTERFACE
(1) Gyrocompass Built-in interface accepts synchronized signal (20-50 V, 50-400 Hz)
(2) Speed Log Built-in interface accepts contact closure or DC signal at 200, 400 or 500
pulses/sm.
(3) External Radar (option) Built-in interswitch for 2 channels provided

5. POWER SUPPLY
(1) DC Source 24-32 VDC: 10.8-8.2 A, 260VA
(2) AC Source 100-115/220-230 VAC: 4.1 A, 1 phase, 50-60 Hz, 410 VA

6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
(1) Ambient Temperature (Complies with IEC60945)
Display Unit: -15°C to +40°C
Antenna Unit: -25°C to +70°C
(2) Relative Humidity 95% at 40°C
(3) Water proofing Display Unit (Panel): IPX2
Antenna Unit: IPX6
(4) Vibration ±1 mm ±10%, 2(5) to 13.2 Hz,
Maximum acceleration 7 m/s2, 13.2 to 100 Hz

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 7. COATING COLOR
(1) Display Unit Panel: N3.0 dark gray, Cover: 2.5GY5/1.5
(2) Antenna Unit N9.5 white

8. COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE

Standard Steering
Display Unit 1.40 m 1.05 m
Antenna Unit 2.15 m 1.60 m

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 INDEX

A EBL OFFSET key 1-21, 1-22

EBL ON key 1-20
A/C AUTO key 1-16 Echo averaging 1-26
A/C RAIN control 1-17 Echo stretch 1-25
A/C SEA control 1-16 EPA (Electronic Plotting Aid)
ACQ key 1-29 CPA/TCPA alarm range setting 1-31
Alarm messages 1-54 plot symbol size 1-32
ARPA ARP-26 plotting a target 1-29
acquisition (automatic) 5-6–5-9 relative vector 1-29
acquisition (manual) 5-9 silencing CPA/TCPA alarm 1-31
activating 5-2 target data 1-30
controls 5-2 terminating target plotting 1-30
CPA, TCPA alarms 5-17–5-18 true vector 1-29
criteria for selection of targets 5-25–5-26 vector time 1-29
deactivating 5-6 External waypoint display 1-50
factors affecting ARPA accuracy 5-26–5-28
guard zone 5-18–5-20 F
manual speed (input) 5-5 False echoes 2-3
parameters 5-3 Fishing vessel setup A-6
past position display 5-15 Function keys 1-40–1-45
performance test 5-24
plot symbol brilliance 5-12 G
plot symbol size 5-10
plot symbols 5-11 GAIN control 1-15
set and drift 5-16 Gyro readout 1-8
speed input (automatic) 5-4 H
target data 5-13
target-based speed 5-5–5-6 Head-up mode 1-11
trial maneuver 5-21–5-23 Head-up true bearing mode 1-11
vector modes 5-14–5-15 Heading line 1-37
warnings 5-20–5-21 Heading marker 1-37
AUDIO OFF key 1-42 HL OFF key 1-37

B I
Barge information 1-46 Index lines 1-34–1-36
Battery replacement 3-3 displaying 1-35
Bearing measurement 1-20 erasing 1-35
Brilliance line intervals 1-35
picture 1-5 Interference rejector 1-17
screen data 1-51 L
BRILLIANCE control 1-5
Legends 1-6
C
M
Collision assessment 1-21
Control description 1-3 Maintenance 3-1–3-3
Course-up mode 1-11 battery replacement 3-3
major parts 3-2
D
schedule 3-2
DEGAUSS switch 1-7 Markers 1-6
Diagnostic test 4-4 Menu tree A-1–A-6
MODE key 1-10
E Multiple echoes 2-3
EBL (Electronic Bearing Line) 1-20
EBL OFF key 1-20

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 N relative trails 1-32
resetting 1-34
Nav data display 1-52 trail gradation 1-33
NAV MENU key 1-38 true trails 1-32
Navigation line display 1-50 TARGET TRAILS CANCEL key 1-34
North marker 1-37 Troubleshooting 4-1–4-6
North-up mode 1-12 advanced 4-2
O Diagnostic test 4-4
easy 4-2
OFF CENTER key 1-25 True motion mode 1-12
Off-centering 1-25 TUNE control 1-5
Origin mark Tuning 1-5
attaching ID number, symbol 1-37
inscribing 1-36
V
Own ship symbol 1-38 VECTOR key 1-29
P Video plotter RP-26 6-1–6-17
chart position correction 6-3
PLOT MENU key 1-38 data recording 6-16
POWER switch 1-1 data replaying 6-17
Precipitation clutter suppression 1-17 displaying charts 6-3
Presentation mode 1-10–1-12 external waypoint on/off 6-13
Pulsewidth 1-13–1-14 graphics on/off 6-4
initial settings 6-17
Q line erasure 6-10
Quick start 1-2 mark entry by cursor, own ship position 6-9
mark entry by L/L position 6-9
R mark erasure (all) 6-10
mark erasure (individual) 6-10
Racon 2-7
memory card formatting 6-16
Radar map 1-46–1-50
memory used display 6-7
RADAR MENU key 1-38
nav data on/off 6-4
Range and bearing between two targets 1-22
navigation line deletion (all) 6-14
RANGE keys [+], [-] 1-13
navigation line deletion (individual) 6-14
Range measurement 1-18–1-19
navigation line entry 6-13
Range ring brilliance 1-18
navigation line list 6-14
Range scale 1-13
navigation line on/off 6-15
Rate-of-turn scale 1-53
other ships' track plotting on/off 6-6
S own ship's track plotting on/off 6-6
track erasure 6-8
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) 2-5 track plotting interval 6-6
Sea clutter suppression 1-16 track smoothing 6-7
Second-trace echoes 1-50 waypoint addition to navigation line 6-14
Sensitivity 1-15 waypoint deletion (all) 6-13
Shadow sector 2-4 waypoint deletion (individual) 6-13
Sidelobe echoes 2-3 waypoint entry 6-11
Speed input 1-9–1-10 waypoint list 6-11
STBY/TX key 1-2 waypoint on/off 6-12
Stern marker 1-37 waypoint removal from navigation line 6-14
T Virtual image 2-4
VRM (Variable Range Marker) 1-19
Target alarm zone 1-23 VRM OFF key 1-19
acknowledging alarm 1-24 VRM ON key 1-19
deactivating 1-24
inward and outward alarms 1-24 W
setting 1-23 Watch alarm 1-42
silencing audible alarm 1-24
TARGET CANCEL key 1-30 Z
Target trails 1-32–1-34
Zoom 1-37
displaying 1-33
erasing 1-33

Index-2
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