K. E.

Society’s
RAJARAMBAPU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Diploma
RAJARAMNAGAR.

BUILDING MATERIAL & CONSTRUCTION (22304)

“Report on Site Visit to Residential Building”

Submitted By:

C1 Batch of Class FY Civil Engineering (Diploma)

Under The Guidance of:

Ms. N. B. Kore

for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

‘BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (22304)’
subject under MSBTE

Department of Science and Humanities (Diploma)

2024-2025
 Certificate
K.E. Society’s RAJARAMBAPU
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAJARAMNAGAR Diploma (FY Civil)

This is to certify that the micro-project report entitled “Site Visit on Residential Building” submitted by
following students for partial fulfillment of requirement of ‘BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (22304)’ Subject
under Maharashtra Board of Technical Education, Mumbai Curriculumn, for year 2024-2025, Second Semester
in the record of their own work carried out under my direct supervision and guidance.

1.Shreyash Ganesh Jadhav

2.Shlok Vidyanand Yadav
3.Utkarsha Laxman Mane
4.Yashraj Milind Mathakari
5.Aditya Pandharinath Patil

Guide H.O.D Dean Diploma

 Index
Sr.No Particulars From To
Page Page
No. No.
1. Title Page 1 -
2. Certificate 2 -
3. Index 3
4. Introduction 4 -
5. Site Clearance 5 -

6. Foundation Layout 6 -
7. Earthwork 7 -
8. Sub- Structure Work 8 9
10. Super- Structure Work 10 12
11. Equipment’s and Materials Used. 13 14
12. Doors, Windows, Staircase, Flooring and Roofing 15 16

13. Conclusion 17 -
14. Refrence 18 -
 INTRODUCTION

➢ Name of Site: Construction of Residential Building at Rajaramnagar.

➢ Site Address : Near RIT College, Rajaramnagar
➢ Date of Visit : 26 March 2025
➢ Architect : Vikas Jadhav
➢ Proposed Construction : Juber Inamdar
➢ Reason for Choosing Site: Nearest Site for Visit & Points we have mentioned
present on site.
➢ Date of Start Project : 24 February 2024
➢ Status of Project : Ongoing
➢ Date of Completion : ____________________.
 Site Clearance

Site clearance is the process of removing debris, obstacles, and unwanted materials
from a construction site or a plot of land to prepare it for development or excavation.
This step is crucial before starting any construction project.
The site clearance procedure typically involves:
1.Surveying the land to identify potential hazards and obstacles.
2. Removing vegetation, trees, and other organic matter.
3. Clearing debris, such as rocks, rubble, and waste materials.
4. Demolishing existing structures, if necessary.
5. Removing underground obstacles, like pipes or cables.
6. Grading the land to ensure it's level and even.
The goal is to create a clean and safe environment for construction to begin.
Foundation Layout
 Earthwork

Earthwork involves several key steps: site clearing, excavation, grading, hauling, and
compaction. Site clearing removes debris and obstacles, while excavation digs and
removes soil to the desired depth. Grading levels and shapes the soil to the required
slope and elevation. Hauling transports soil or materials to or from the site, and
compaction densifies the soil to prevent settlement or instability.
The equipment used for earthwork includes
1. Excavators
2. Bulldozers
3. Graders
4. Dump trucks
5. Compactors
6. Loader
7. Backhoes
 Sub-Structure Work

❖ P.C.C
The objective of Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) is to provide a strong, durable,
and stable base for construction projects, such as buildings, roads, and
foundations. PCC is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregate (sand, gravel, or
crushed stone).

➢ P.C.C for all 01 to 12 no. column size are (1200mm*1500mm)

➢ P.C.C thickness is 900mm.
➢ In P.C.C. M20 grade of concrete is provided.
M20 Grade Cement mix proportion is:
Cement : 1
Sand : 1.5
Aggregate : 3
Water- cement ratio: 0.55
➢ The Crush Sand (VSI) used costs Rs. 4200 per brass.
➢ Place the concrete in the formwork by using inclined circular pipe, because
the top of the P.C.C from ground level is more than 1 meter.
➢ Spread the concrete using trowel and levelling equipment.

❖ Footing
A footing is a structural element that transfers loads from a building or structure
to the ground. It's typically a shallow foundation, made of concrete, that spreads
the weight of the building over a larger area of soil.
Type of Footing used: Spread Footing.
➢ Foundation on P.C.C for 1 to 12 columns size are 1200mm*900mm.
➢ A spread footing is a type of shallow foundation that spreads the weight of a
building or structure over a large area of soil. It's a wide, shallow foundation that
distributes the load evenly, reducing the pressure on the soil.
 ➢
➢ For this footing M25 grade of concrete is used.
➢ In M25 grade of concrete proportion is (1:1:2)
➢ Where, 1 = 1 kg Cement
1 = 1 kg fine aggregate
2 = 2 kg course aggregate

➢ In M25 grade of concrete

a) 10.85 (11) bag of cement,
b) 0.133 brass fine aggregate and
c) 0.266 brass course aggregate
➢ all are the used for 1m3, after the all calculation.
For this concrete water cement ratio is
0.42 used.
➢ 550 grade of steel is for the footing.
➢ After the set the concrete in footing
formwork remove the formwork by
using formwork removing/ placing
instrument like as hammer, steel
bar(par), etc.
➢ Formwork attach for reinforcement
column and fill the formwork to the plinth level by using concrete.

➤ After the curing fill all earth work by using stone, moorum and all in
aggregate with the help of back hoe (JCB)
 Super-structure Work

A plinth beam is a horizontal structural element that connects the foundation to the
superstructure of a building. It's typically a reinforced concrete beam that runs along the
perimeter of the building, at the plinth level (where the foundation meets the wall).
1. Load distribution: Transfers loads from the superstructure to the foundation.
2. Ties the foundation: Connects the foundation to the walls, providing stability.
3. Prevents settlement issues: Helps to distribute loads evenly, reducing settlement risks.
4. Supports walls: Provides a base for the walls, ensuring they're level and plumb.
5. Adds structural integrity: Enhances the overall structural integrity of the building.

Plinth Beam Construction:

• The formwork for the plinth beam is set up, including the sides and bottom.
• The reinforcement cage, including the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement,
is placed within the formwork.
• The concrete is poured into the formwork, ensuring it's vibrated and compacted
properly.
• The concrete is cured to achieve the desired strength.
• The formwork is removed after the concrete has set.
• Fill the murum to plinth level by using JCB.
• Compress the murum by using vibrator.

Bed Concreting.
Bed concreting is a thin layer of concrete (25-50mm) laid at the bottom of a
foundation or excavation to provide a level surface, protect the soil, and
distribute loads evenly.

Column
A column is a vertical structural element that supports loads from floors, roofs,
and walls, transferring them to the foundation. It's typically made of materials
like concrete, steel, or masonry.
➢ 550 Grade OD steel is used for column.
➢ Size of Column is 275mm*450mm
➢ For all column M25 grade concrete is provided.

Brickwork:
Brickwork refers to the construction of structures using bricks and mortar.
➢ Bricks used: 9inch*4inch*3inch
➢ Flemish bond is used for Brick Masonry.
➢ Wall thickness is 23.8mm
➢ Mortar Proportion 1:4
1 part is Cement
 4 parts is Sand.
The rate of Brick is Rs.8 Per Unit.

Lintel
A lintel is a horizontal structural element that spans openings in buildings, such
as doors and windows, to support the weight of the wall above. It's typically
made of materials like concrete, steel, or wood, and helps to distribute loads and
prevent structural damage.
➢ M20 grade cement is used.
➢ 550 Grade OD Steel is used.
➢ In the reinforcement 4 bars are provide each 10mm diameter.
 Equipments Used & Material Used

EQUIPMENTS USED:
1. Concrete mixers
2. Power trowels
3. Drills
4. Saws (circular and handheld)
5. Grinders
6. Sanders
7. Hammers
8. Levels (laser and bubble)
9. Tape measures
10. Wrenches and sockets
Materials Used:
1. Concrete
2. Steel
3. Wood
4. Bricks
5. Blocks
6. Insulation
7. Roofing materials
8. Drywall
9. Flooring materials
10. Doors and Windows
➢ Types of Doors and Windows
• Doors are movable structures that provide entry and exit points, separate
rooms, offer security and privacy, and enhance aesthetic appeal.
• Windows are openings in a building's wall or roof that allow natural light and
ventilation, offer views, and improve energy efficiency.
• Doors and windows are essential components of a building's design and
functionality.
• They play a crucial role in creating a comfortable, safe, and visually appealing
indoor environment.
• Framed Doors of Size 3ft*7ft are used.
• Glass windows of 4ft*4ft are used.

➢ Staircase
• A staircase is a series of steps connecting different floors or
levels in a building.
• Following are Dimensions of Staircase
Riser - 7inch
Tread - 10inch
Breadth- 3ft.
➢ Flooring & Roofing
• Flooring: The surface layer of a floor, made of materials such as wood, tile,
carpet, or concrete, that provides a walking surface and aesthetic appeal.
• Marble Tiles are used for flooring.
• Roofing: The covering of a building's roof, made of materials such as
shingles, tiles, or metal, that protects the building from weather elements like
rain, sun, and wind.
• Concrete tiles are used for roofing.

➢ Waterproofing
Waterproofing is the process of making a surface or structure resistant to water
penetration, damage, or leakage. It involves applying materials or treatments to
prevent water from entering or passing through, often used in construction,
renovation, or repair of buildings, roofs, walls, foundations, and other structures.
• Dr. FIXIT chemicals are used for waterproofing.
 Conclusion

Building Construction is very important subject is Civil Engineering as it contains basic

knowledge about Civil Engineering. In this we subject we can determine all the related practical
work & theoretical knowledge about Building Construction. Also we got a good experience
during this site visit & Also we got the practical knowledge about a construction. In this field
visit we get to know that the practical and theoretical knowledge are too different conditions.
Because in theoretical knowledge we can understand the point by imagination but in practical
we can se actual work.
We got a good practical knowledge during this practical.
 Reference
 www.civilstudy.com
 www.dailycivil.com
 www.civilconcepts.com
 www.civiltoday.com