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Atomic Struc-WPS Office

The document outlines essential chemistry topics for entrance exams, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, reactions, states of matter, and equilibrium. Key concepts such as atomic theory, bonding types, stoichiometry, gas laws, and reaction kinetics are emphasized. Understanding these fundamental principles and their applications is crucial for students preparing for exams.

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Yeabsira Daniel
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26 views2 pages

Atomic Struc-WPS Office

The document outlines essential chemistry topics for entrance exams, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, reactions, states of matter, and equilibrium. Key concepts such as atomic theory, bonding types, stoichiometry, gas laws, and reaction kinetics are emphasized. Understanding these fundamental principles and their applications is crucial for students preparing for exams.

Uploaded by

Yeabsira Daniel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table:

- Historical development of atomic theory (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr)

- Discovery and properties of subatomic particles (electrons, protons, neutrons)

- Atomic models and their evolution (Bohr model, quantum mechanical model)

- Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes

- Electronic configuration and its relationship with the periodic table

- Periodic trends in atomic size, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and metallic
character

- Periodic classification of elements (s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block)

- Diagonal relationships and anomalous behavior of elements

2. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Properties:

- Ionic bonding: formation, properties, and examples of ionic compounds

- Covalent bonding: single, double, and triple bonds, polarity, and electronegativity differences

- Coordinate (dative) covalent bonds

- Metallic bonding and the properties of metals

- Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces

- Relationship between bond type, molecular structure, and physical properties (melting point, boiling
point, solubility, conductivity)

3. Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry:

- Fundamental laws of chemical reactions (conservation of mass, definite proportions, multiple


proportions)

- Balancing chemical equations using different methods (inspection, LCM)

- Energy changes in chemical reactions (exothermic, endothermic, enthalpy, activation energy)

- Types of chemical reactions (combination, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement)

- Stoichiometric calculations: mass-mass, volume-volume, mass-volume relationships


- Limiting reactants, theoretical yield, actual yield, and percentage yield

- Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions: oxidation numbers, oxidizing and reducing agents

4. States of Matter and Gas Laws:

- Kinetic molecular theory and its assumptions

- Properties of gases, liquids, and solids based on the kinetic theory

- Gas laws: Boyle's law, Charles' law, combined gas law, and the ideal gas equation

- Molar volume and Avogadro's law

- Diffusion and Graham's law

- Phase changes: melting, boiling, sublimation, and associated energy changes

- Vapor pressure, boiling point, and the effect of altitude

5. Chemical Equilibrium and Reaction Kinetics:

- Reversible reactions and the concept of chemical equilibrium

- Equilibrium constant and its applications

- Le Chatelier's principle and the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration

- Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions: temperature, concentration, surface area, and
catalysts

- Collision theory and activation energy

This comprehensive summary covers the major topics and focus areas that are crucial for entrance
exams in chemistry. Ensure your students have a strong grasp of the fundamental concepts and their
applications within these broad areas.

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