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Evolution of Computers

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53 views6 pages

Evolution of Computers

Uploaded by

RatngeetaShinde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Evolution Of Computers
Question 1: Choose the correct option:
(a) The Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC) is an example of computers.
i. Second generation
ii. Third generation
iii. First generation
iv. Fourth generation
(b) An Abacus has two sections named Earth and
i. Mill
ii. Numerical wheels
iii. Store
iv. Heaven
(c) Identify the limitation of a computer from the
following.
i. A computer can perform calculations at a high
speed.
ii. A computer is a multipurpose machine.
iii. A computer is a reliable machine.
iv. A computer can store huge amounts of
data but only the human brain can use and
implement it.

Question 2: Fill in the blanks:


(a) Transistors were the first machine to have a
set of programming instructions.
(b) The first generation of computers used vacuum
tubes.
(c) An Abacus has two sections named Earth and
Heaven.
(d) Fifth generation is based on parallel
processing and Al (Artificial Intelligence)
technology.
(e) Pascal's Calculator was the first ever
mechanical calculating machine or calculator with
numerical wheels.

Question 3: Answer in one word:


(a) In the second generation of computers, which
device replaced vacuum tubes?
Answer: Transistors
(b) A technology that makes computers think like
human beings.
Answer: Al (Artificial Intelligence)
(c) This machine was the first mechanical
calculating machine with numerical wheels.
Answer: Pascaline calculator
(d) The designer of difference engine.
Answer: Charles Babbage
(e) A component of the analytical engine.
Answer: Mill And Store
(f) Which calculating device has two parts - the
calculating mechanism and printing and control
mechanism?
Answer: Difference engine
(g) A type of computer used for weather
forecasting.
Answer: Super Computer

Question 4: Explain the difference between


the first generation and second generation of
computers?
Answer:
The first generation of computers used vacuum
tubes as the main electronic component. They
were very large in size and expensive.
The second generation of computers replaced
vacuum tubes with transistors. Because of the
transistors the size of the second-generation
computers reduced to a large extent.

Question 5: List any three advantages of


computers.
Speed - Computers can process complex
operations within seconds.
Reliability - They are very reliable; they rarely
break or fail.
Consistency - If we enter the same input and
processes, a computer will produce the same
results each time.

Question 6: Write a short note on fifth


generation computers.
Answer:
This generation uses the ULSI (Ultra Large Scale
Integration) technology which makes it possible to
produce microprocessor chips having millions of
circuit elements on a single chip.
The fifth generation computers are also using AI
(Artificial Intelligence) technology
The aim of Fifth generation is to develop computer-
based devices that can respond to natural
language input and that are capable of self-
learning and self-decision making.
Examples: powerful desktops, laptops, tablets,
notebook and smart phones.
A computer can be made to think like a human
being with the help of Al.
For example - ASIMO has the ability to recognize
moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding
environment, sounds, and faces, which enables it
to interact with humans.
Question 8: What are the features of a
supercomputer?
Answer: Supercomputers are the most powerful
computers in terms of performance, data
processing and speed.
They are very expensive and quite large.
A supercomputer needs to be accommodated in
large air-conditioned rooms; some super
computers can span an entire building.
These are specialized and task-specific computers
used by very large organizations.
Question 9: Computers are being used in
many different fields. However, they still
cannot replace human beings. Justify.
Answer: A computer cannot replace a human
being. It cannot think more than what it is
programmed for and cannot take a decision in a
particular situation on its own. Human beings can
perceive a change in a situation and take a
different approach based on their experience and
wisdom.

Question 10: List some disadvantages of


computers.
Answer: Some disadvantages of computers are:
i. Impact on the labor force
Computer based machines can do multiple tasks.
Hence, reducing the number of laborers. This
increases unemployment.
ii. Privacy
Personal and confidential records if not protected
properly may get violated and identities may get
stolen.
iii. Health risks
This occurs with prolonged and improper use of a
computer.
iv. Impact on environment
Computer manufacturing processes are depleting
natural resources and polluting the environment.
Computer waste or e-waste is a major concern
today.

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