GENDER DIVERSITY

-encompasses the broad spectrum of gender identities and expressions beyond the traditional binary of male
and female.

KEY ASPECTS OF GENDER DIVERSITY

 Transgender: Individuals whose gender identity differs from sex they were assigned at birth.
 Non-binary: Individuals whose gender identity does not fall within the binary of male or female.
 Genderqueer: Individuals who identify as a mix of male and female or somewhere in between.
 Gender non-conforming: Individuals who do not conform to societal norms of gender expression.
 Agender: Individuals who do not identify with any gender.

EXAMPLES OF GENDER DIVERSITY

● Mushes (Southern Mexico): A third gender in the Sepeck community that blends traditional male and
female roles.

● Hijras (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh): A recognized gender identity that has existed over 2 000 years, seen as
spiritual guides.

● Bronishas (Albania): Women who took on many social roles to escape patriarchal restrictions.

SEX vs. GENDER

SEX GENDER

●Biological ● Socially determined/constructed

●Classification based on reproductive organs and ● Learned behaviors

functions

●Universal ● Changes over time

●Generally unchanging ● Varies by culture, ethnicity, religion etc.

SEX GENDER

●either of the two main categories (male and ● the characteristics that society or culture
female) into which humans and most other living delineates as masculine or feminine
things are divided on the basis of their reproductive
functions.
GENDER IDENTITY

 It is how a person sees themselves. It is their own internal sense and personal experience of gender.
 Gender identity is our internal experience and naming of our gender. It can correspond to or differ from
the sex we were assigned at birth.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

 is interpersonal (who we are physically, emotionally and/or romantically attracted to).

 An inherent or immutable enduring emotional, romantic or sexual attraction to other people.

TYPES OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION

 Heterosexual—attracted only or almost only to the other binary (male/female) gender. "Binary" is the
idea that there are only two genders, male and female.
 Homosexual (Gay)—attracted only or almost only to those of the same gender.
 Bisexual—attracted both to people of their own binary gender and to those of the other binary gender.
 Pansexual—attracted to those of any gender.
 Asexual—not sexually attracted to any gender. This is different from deciding not to have sex with
anyone (abstinence or celibacy).

UNDERSTANDING GENDER IDENTY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION

- Sexual orientation and gender identity are not the same thing. Here are some definitions of words and
phrases you may hear.

 Bi: Short for "bisexual."

 Cisgender: A person whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth (for example,
woman and female). May be shortened to "cis."
 Gay: A man or woman (either cisgender or transgender) who is attracted only or almost only to those
of the same gender.
 Lesbian: A woman (either cisgender or transgender) who is gay.
 LGBT: Short for "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender." Also seen as "GLBT." Often a "Q" is added
(LGBTQ), for "queer" or "questioning." Those who are "questioning" are still exploring their sexual
orientation or gender identity.
 Nonbinary: This term may be used when gender identity is outside the two main categories of male or
female.
 Queer: May be used by those who identify as being outside the binary categories of male or female
and gay or straight. Some LGBT people are offended by this word, but others have reclaimed it. Related
terms include genderqueer, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming.
 Straight: Another term for "heterosexual."
 Transgender: Broadly, those who are not cisgender. People whose gender identity doesn't match the
sex that they were assigned at birth. Sometimes shortened to "trans" (as in trans man, trans woman).
 Transsexual: A term sometimes used to describe people who use medical treatments, such as hormone
medicine or surgery, to make their bodies match their gender identity.

GENDER EXPRESSION

 It includes all the ways a person communicates their gender based on societal factors such as
gender norms and perceptions.
 It is how a person outwardly shows their gender identity. It includes physical expressions such as
person’s clothing, hairstyle, makeup, and social expressions such as name and pronoun choice.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION
  Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the
grounds of race, age, or sex.
 Gender discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person because of gender. Gender discrimination
affects all people.

SEX Male Female Intersex

GENDER IDENTITY Man/Boy Woman/Girl Genderqueer/transgender/two-

spirited/etc.

GENDER EXPRESSION Masculine Feminine Androgynous

SEXUAL ORIENTATION Attracted to men Attracted to women Attracted to all/both/none

GENDER ROLES

 Social and behavioral norms which, within a specific culture, are widely considered to be socially
appropriate for individuals of a specific sex.
 Social and behavioral norms which, within a specific culture, are widely considered to be socially
appropriate for individuals of a specific sex.

GENDER ISSUE

o Gender inequality: refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It
arises from the differences in socially-constructed gender roles.
o Gender equality: also known as sex equality, sexual equality, or equality of all the genders, is the view
that everyone should receive equal treatment and not be discriminated against based on their gender.
o Gender discrimination: is the unfair treatment of a person because of gender. Gender discrimination
affects all people.

CAUSES OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION

 Prejudice
 Biological
 Socio-cultural
 Economic
 Educational
 Personal (Psychological)
 Adherence to traditional gender roles

GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY

 ●the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, ●the quality of being fair and impartial.
or opportunities.

●equal treatment of all gender in law and policies ●fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits
and equal access to resources and services within and responsibilities among genders.
families, communities, and society at large.

●the process of being fair to women and men

(UNFPA, n.d.)

SOGIE BILL

 The SOGIE Equality Bill, also known as the Anti-Discrimination Bill, is a proposed law in the Philippines
that aims to protect individuals from discrimination based on their Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity or Expression (SOGIE).
 It seeks to ensure equal opportunities and rights for all, regardless of their SOGIE, in areas like
employment, education, healthcare, and public accommodations.