2024

EDITION
 Contents
1. Subject Verb and Agreement .....................................................................................................................3
2. Time and Tense..........................................................................................................................................6
3. Noun ........................................................................................................................................................15
4. Pronoun ....................................................................................................................................................20
5. Articles .....................................................................................................................................................25
6. Adverb .....................................................................................................................................................29
7. Prepositions..............................................................................................................................................33
8. (Modals) Verb Basic ................................................................................................................................40
9. Conjunction..............................................................................................................................................45
10. Narration ................................................................................................................................................48
11. Voice ......................................................................................................................................................70
12. Adjective ................................................................................................................................................86
13. Synonyms ..............................................................................................................................................91
14. Antonyms .............................................................................................................................................109
15. Idioms & Phrases .................................................................................................................................130
16. One Word Substitution ........................................................................................................................151
17.Errors ....................................................................................................................................................157
18. Mis - Spelt word .................................................................................................................................169
19. Fill in the blanks ..................................................................................................................................176
20. Phrasal verbs ........................................................................................................................................187
21. Sentence Improvement ........................................................................................................................191
22. Reading Comprehension .....................................................................................................................197
23.Parajumbles / Rearrangement ...............................................................................................................224
24.Cloze Test .............................................................................................................................................232
25.Previous Year Papers ...........................................................................................................................235
Excise/ Inspector Paper 2023 ...............................................................................................................................235
Patwari 2023 .........................................................................................................................................................237

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 1. Subject Verb and Agreement
Definition:
A verb is an action or express word. It indicates the action or express in the present, past and future tenses.

ACTION VERBS

Definition:- The action verbs are divided into two classes. Transitive and intransitive. These verbs tell us what the
subjects do. When we use a transitive verb, the action is carried across the verb to a complement. When we use an
intransitive verb, the action terminates with the verb.

I. TRANSITIVE VERB
A transitive verb is one which takes an object directly.

Example :-
• She eats a mango
• Take this box
• I bought a diamond bracelet
• The fish fell off the hook

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

An intransitive verb is one which does not and cannot take on a direct object but can have an indirect
object. The intransitive verbs clearly and completely communicate without a direct object

Example :-
• Dogs bark
• What happened?
• Children play
• The train runs late every day

The same verb may be transitive in one sentence and intransitive in another.

Example :-
Transitive : The engineer stopped the bus
Intransitive : The bus stopped

Subject verb Agreement Rules

Rule 1 :- When two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb is singular.
Example :- The poet and scholar is dead
Example :- The black and white cow is grazing in the field

Rule 2 :- When two singular nouns are practically synonyms, the verb is singular.
Example :- His power and influence is very great.
Example :- Peace and order is the most important issue.

Rule 3 :- When two singular nouns though not synonyms , are intended to express jointly a single idea, the verb is
singular :
Example :- Bread and butter is what he has for breakfast.
Example :- Slow and steady wins the race.

Rule 4:- When the same singular noun is qualified by two contrasting adjectives, the verb is plural.
Example :- Mental and physical science are not the same.
Example :- Oil and water do not mix together

Rule 5 :- When a collective noun is used as a common noun, but shows some divisions, the verb is plural.

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Example :- The committee are divided in their opinion on this issue.
Example :- The committee is unanimous in its approval of this proposal.

Rule 6 :-When a plural noun denotes some specific quality or amount considered as a whole, the verb is generally
singular :
Example :- Six miles a is a long distance.
Example :- Ten rupees is not a large sum.

Rule 7 :- Two nouns connected by ‘and not, ‘as well as’, ‘with’, ‘together with’, ‘besides’, ‘in addition to’, ‘like’,
are followed by a verb in the singular when the former of the nouns is in the singular.
Example :- John, and not his brother was present.
Example :- Silver, as well as gold, has risen in price.

Rule 8 :- When two nouns or pronouns are joined by ‘not only….but also’ the verb agrees with the second noun or
pronoun.
Example :- Not only the officer but also six soldiers were killed.
Example :- Not only six soldiers but also the officer was killed.

Rule 9 :- Two or more singular nouns or pronouns connected by the conjunctions ‘either….or’, ‘neither….nor’,
require a singular verb. If the subjects differ in number or person, the verb follows the number and person of the
subject nearest to it. Thus :
Example :- Either the cat or the dog has done it.
Example :- Neither praise nor blame seems to affect him.

Rule 10 :- Any noun qualified by adjectives each and every must be followed by a singular verb :
Example :- Each one of these qualities is to be found in him.
Example :- Every man and woman was killed.

Rule 11 :- many a should always be followed by singular verb.

Example :- Many a man has lost everything by putting his eggs in one basket.
Example :- Many a soldier has died for the sake of his country.

Rule 12 :- If the subject is “ the number of “ use a singular verb

Example :- The number of books is very small
Example :- the number of boys in this team is ten

Rule 13 : - If the subject is begins “ a number of “ ( A large number of ) used plural verb
Example :- A number of boys in this team are ten
Example :-A number of books are missing

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) Neither of them/ (b) are going to attend/ (c) the party on 10thOctober./ (d) No error
2. (a) He walked five miles which are really a great distance/ (b) for a man like him who is not only old but also
ill./(d)No error
3.a) Either my colleague/ (b) or a peon are coming home/ (c) with the material today./
(d) No error
4.(a)The rise and fall/(b)of the tide are due/(c)to lunar influence./(d)No error
5.(a) Many a man/ (b) have succumbed/ (c) to this temptation./ (d) No error
6.(a) The introduction of tea, coffee/ (b) and such other beverages/ (c) have not been without some effect./ (d) No
error
7.(a) The newer type of automatic machines/ (b) wash/ (c) clothes faster./ (d) No error
8.(a)Each of the students in the computer class/(b)has to type/(c)their own research paper this semester./ (d) No
error
9.(a) Everyone of the films/ (b) you suggested/ (c) are not worth seeing./ (d) No error
10.(a) The Secretary and Principal of the college/ (b) are attending/ (c) the District Development Council Meeting
at the Collectorate./(d)No error
11.(a)There is/(b) only one of his novels/(c)that are interesting./(d)No error
12.(a)Knowledge of/(b) at least two languages/(c)are required to pass the examination./
(d) No error
13.(a) It is I/ (b) who is to blame/ (c) for this bad situation./ (d) No error
14.(a) Romanticism of melancholy/ (b) in art and literature are the reason/ (c) for insensitivity to those suffering
from depression./(d)No error
15.(a) Patience as well as perseverance (b) are necessary/ (c) for success./ (d) No error
16.(a)In Singapore/(b)my brother-in-law with his wife/(c)were present at the function./
(d) No error
17.(a)A hot and/(b)a cold spring/(c)was found near each other./(d)No error
18.(a) Either of the roads/ (b) lead/ (c) to the park/ (d) No error
19.(a) One of my desires/ (b) are to become/ (c) a doctor./ (d) No error
20.(a) The whole block of flats/ (b) including two shops were/ (c) destroyed in fire./ (d) No error
21.(a) The sum and substance/ (b) of his poem/ (c) are as follows./ (d) No error
22.(a) Neither of the/ (b) five accused/ (c) could be convicted./ (d) No error
23.(a) The strain of all/ (b) the difficulties, vexations and anxieties/ (c) were more than he could beat./ (d) No error
24.(a)Everybody/(b) must be admitted/(c)that their ups and downs./(d)No error
25.(a) Every woman in the world/ (b) fervently hopes that their child/ (c) will be a normal and healthy baby/(d)No
error

Answer Key

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.B
21.C 22.A 23.C 24.C 25.B

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 2. Time and Tense
A tense is a form of verb which shows the time at which an action happens .( Latin word tempus – time ).

1. SIMPLE PRESENT

Affirmative Negative
S+ V1 ( s , es ) + O S + do / does + not + V1 + O
I Work I do not work
We Work We do not Work
You Work You do not work
He / She / It Works He / She / It does not work
They Work They do not Work
Rohan Works Rohan does not work
Girls Work Girls do not Work

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Do / Does + S + V1 + O ( ? ) Do / Does + S + not + V1 + O ( ? )
Do I Work ? Do I not work ?
Do We Work ? Do We not Work ?
Do You Work ? Do You not work ?
Does He / She / It Works ? Does He / She ? It not work ?
Do They Work ? Do They not Work ?
Does Rohan Works ? Does Rohan not work ?
DO Girls Work ? Do Girls not Work ?

1. Rules :- Simple present tense is used to express habitual action , universal truth , proverbs, feelings
Example :-
• I always take my tea with sugar
• The sun rises in the East
• Health is wealth
• Salt dissolves in water

2. Rule :- It is used with the adverbs usually , generally , occasionally , rarely , always , often , sometimes on
Sundays , once a week / month / year , etc .

2. SIMPLE PAST

Affirmative Negative
S+ V2 + O S+ did + not + V1 + O
I Worked I did not work
We Worked We did not Work
You Worked You did not work
He / She / It Worked He / She / It did not work
They Worked They did not Work
Rohan Worked Rohan did not work
Girls Worked Girls did not Work

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Did + S + V1 + O ( ? ) Did + S + not + V1 + O ( ? )
Did I Work ? Did I not work ?
Did We Work ? Did We not Work ?
Did You Work ? Did You not work ?
Did He / She / It Works ? Did He / She / It not work ?
Did They Work ? Did They not Work ?
Did Rohan Works ? Did Rohan not work ?

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Did Girls Work ? Did Girls not Work ?

1. Rule : to express a past event or past action

Example :
• I watched television yesterday evening
• I bought this pen in Bombay

2. Rule : The following are the adverbs of time showing past tense : yesterday , last , ago , before , the previous day
, in 1982
Example :
• Kamal met his friend a few days ago
• last week I bought a dress
• Anna died in 1969 .

3. SIMPLE FUTURE

Affirmative Negative
S+ will / shall+ O S+ will/ shall + not + V1 + O
I shall Work I shall not work
We shall Work We shall not Work
You shall Work You will not work
He / She / It will Work He / She / It will not work
They will Work They will not Work
Rohan will Work Rohan will not work
Girls will Work Girls will not Work

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Will / shall + S + V1 + O ( ? ) Will /Shall + S + not + V1 + O ( ? )
Shall I Work ? Shall I not work ?
Shall We Work ? Shall We not Work ?
Will You Work ? Will You not work ?
Will He / She / It Work ? Will He / She / It not work ?
Will They Work ? Will They not Work ?
Will Rohan Work ? Will Rohan not work ?
Will Girls Work ? Will Girls not Work ?

Rule :- To express an action that has still to take place

Example :
• I shall arrive tomorrow
• She will probably send her application next week .

CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE TENSE

1. Present Continuous Tense

Affirmative Negative
S+is / am / are + V1 + ing + O S+is / am / are + not + V1 + ing + O
I am Working I am not workimg
We are Working We are not Working
He / She / It is Working He / She / It not working
They are Working They are not Working
Rohan is Working Rohan is not working
Girls are Working Girls are not Working

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

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Is / am / are + V1 + ing + O ( ? ) Is / am / are +sub + not V1 + ing + O ( ? )
Am I Working ? Am I not Working ?
Are We Working ? Are We not Working ?
Are You Working ? Are You not Working ?
Is He / She / It Working ? Is He / She / It not working ?
Are they Working ? Are They not Working ?
Is Rohan Working ? Is Rohan not working ?

1. Rule : - This tense can be used to describe the actions which are incomplete, still going on at the moment of
speaking or writing.
Example :
• She is talking in the class.
• I‟m reading a novel at present.
• They are going to church now.

2. Rule :- To express a definite arrangement in the near future

Example :
• I am going to London next week .
• I am meeting her tonight .

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Negative
S+ was / were +V1 + ing + O S+ was / were + not +V1 + ing + O
I was Working I was not Working
We were Working We were not Working
He / She / It was Working He / She / It was not Working
They were Working They were not Working
Rohan was Working Rohan was not Working
Girls were Working Girls were not Working

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

was / were + S + V1 + ing + O ( ? ) was / were + S + not +V1 + ing + O ( ? )
Was I Working ? Was I not Working ?
Were We Working? Were We not Working ?
Was He / She / It Working ? Was He / She / It not Working ?
Were They Working ? Were They not Working ?
Was Rohan Working ? Was Rohan not Working ?
Were Girls Working ? Were Girls not Working ?

Rule :- To express an action that was in progress at some time in the past
Example :
• He was playing tennis.
• He was going home at 4 ‘ O clock

2. Rule : This tense is used to express an action that was going on when another action happened.
Example :
• While she was writing, the phone rang.
• While she was crossing the bridge, she met with an accident.
• When he was sleeping, his friend came.

3. FUTURE CONTIUNOUS TENSE

Affirmative Negative
S+ will / shall+ be + V1 + ing+ O S+ will / shall+ not + be + V1 + ing+ O

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I shall be Working I shall not be working
We shall be Working We shall not be working
He / She / It will be Working He / She / It will not be working
They will be Working They will not be working
Rohan will be Working Rohan will not be working
Girls will be Working Girls will not be working

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Will / shall + S + be + V1 + O ( ? ) Will /Shall + S + not + be + V1 + O + ing ( ? )
Shall I be Working Shall I not be working ?
shall We be Working Shall We not be working ?
Will He / She / It be Working ? Will He / She / It not be working ?
Will They be Working ? Will They not be working ?
Will Rohan be Working ? Will Rohan not be working ?
Will Girls be Working ? Will Girls not be working ?

1. Rule : This tense is used to indicate a future activity that will begin before a point of time in future and continue
after it.
• She will be singing songs then.
• They will be holding a meeting at 5 p.m. tomorrow.
• When I reach there , he will be reading a book .

Perfect Tense
1. Present Perfect Tense.

Affirmative Negative
S+ Has / Have + V3+ O S+ Has / Have + not + V3+ O
I have Worked I have not Worked
We have Worked We have not Worked
You have Worked You have not Worked
He / She / It has Worked He / She / It has not Worked
They have Worked They have not Worked
Rohan has Worked Rohan has not Worked
Girls have Worked Girls have not Worked

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Has / Have + S + V3+ O Has / Have + S + not + V3+ O
Have I Worked ? Have I not Worked ?
Have we Worked ? Have we not Worked ?
Has He / She / It Worked ? Has He / She / It not Worked ?
Have They Worked ? Have They not Worked ?
Has Rohan Worked ? Has Rohan not Worked ?
Have Girls Worked ? Have Girls not Worked ?

1. Rule : - This tense is used to describe a past event the effect of which is not in the past but in the present.
Example :
• George has just gone out.
• I have finished my work.

2. Rule : - The following adverbs of time take the Present Perfect Tense: already, just now, ever, never, recently,
so far, up to now, yet, lately, during the last week, since Monday, since 1947 etc.
Example :
• I have never seen anyone like her.
• He hasn’t eaten anything since Monday.
• Sheela has been ill since last Friday.

2. Past Perfect Tense

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Affirmative Negative
S+ Had + V3+ O S+ Had+ not + V3+ O
I had Worked I had not worked
We had Worked We had not worked
You had Worked You had not Worked
He / She / It had Worked He / She / It had not Worked
Had they Worked Had they not Worked
Rohan had Worked Rohan had not Worked
Girls had Worked Girls had not Worked

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

Had + S + V3+ O Had+ S + not + V3+ O
Had I Worked ? Had I not Worked ?
Had we Worked ? Had we not Worked ?
Had He / She / It Worked ? Had He / She / It not Worked ?
Had They Worked ? Had They not Worked ?
Had Rohan Worked ? Had Rohan not Worked ?
Had Girls Worked ? Had Girls not Worked ?

1. Rule : To express an action completed before a certain moments in the past

Example :
• At 7 PM, all the shops had been closed
• At 22 years , she had passed her M. A. examination .

2. Rule :- a) This tense is used to express an action in the past which was completed before another action , also in
the past .
Example :
• I had reached the station before the train left.
• He went home after he had finished his work.
• We had locked all the rooms before we left the house .

3. Future Perfect Tense:

Affirmative Negative
S+ will / shall + have + V3+ O S+ shall /have + not + V3+ O
I shall have Worked I shall have not Worked
We shall have Worked We shall have not Worked
You will have Worked You will have not Worked
He / She / It Will have Worked He / She / It Will have not Worked
They Will have Worked They Will have not Worked
Rohan will have Worked Rohan will have not Worked
Girls will have Worked Girls will have not Worked

Interrogative Interrogative Negative

will / shall + S + have + V3+ O (?) will / shall + S + not+ have + V3+ O (?)
Shall I have Worked ? Shall I have not Worked ?
Shall we have Worked ? Shall we have not Worked ?
Will you have worked ? Will you have not worked ?
Will He / She / It have Worked ? Will He / She / It have not Worked ?
Will They have Worked ? Will They have not Worked ?
Will Rohan have Worked ? Will Rohan have not Worked ?
Will Girls have Worked ? Will Girls have not Worked ?

Rule : - It is used to indicate that certain action will be completed into future time.
Example :
• I shall have finished this work by the end of next week.
• He will have learnt to swim next month
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Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

S+has /have + been + V1+ing +O S+has /have + not +been + V1+ing +O
I have been working I have not been Working
We have been working We have not been working
He has been working He has not been working
Rohan has been working Rohan has not been working

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Has /have +S+ been + V1+ing +O (?) Has /have +S+ not been + V1+ing +O(?)
Have I been working ? Have I not been Working ?
Have We been working ? Have We not been working ?
Has he been working ? Has he not been working ?
Has Rohan been working ? Has Rohan not been working ?

Rule :-
a) This tense is used to refer to an action which began indefinitely in the Past and is still continuing at the present
moment.
b. For and since are commonly used in this tense

Example
• It has been raining for two hours
• My uncle has been living in England since 1990.
• We have been learning English for three years.
• It has been raining since early in the morning.

2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

S+had+ been + V1+ing +O S+had + not +been + V1+ing +O
I had been working I had not been Working
We had been working We had not been working
You had been working You had not been working
He/ She /It had been Working He/ She /It had not been Working
They Had been working They Had not been working
Rohan has been working Rohan has not been working
Girls had been working Girls had not been working

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Had+S+ been + V1+ing +O (?) Had +S+ not +been + V1+ing +O (?)
Had I been working Had I not been working
Had We been working Had We not been working
Had You been working Had You not been working
Had He/ She /It been Working Had He/ She /It not been Working
Had They been working Had They not been working
Had Rohan been working Had Rohan not been working
Had Girls been working Had Girls not been working

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Rule :- To express an action that began before certain time in the past and continued up to that time or stopped just
before .
Example :
• He had been working hard since early in the morning.
• He said that he had been studying his lessons for three hours.

3.Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

S+will/shall /have + been + V1+ing +O S+will/shall + not+ have +been + V1+ing +O

I shall have been working I shall not have been working

We shall have been working We shall not have been working
You will have been working You will not have been working
He/ She /It will have been Working He/ She /It will not have been Working
They will have been working They will not have been working
Rohan will have been working Rohan will not have been working
Girls will have been working Girls will not have been working

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

will/shall +S +have + been + V1+ing +O(?) Will / shall +S+ not have +been + V1+ing +O (?)
Shall I have been working ? Shall I not have been working ?
Shall We have been working ? Shall We not have been working ?
Will You have been working ? Will You not have been working ?
Will He/ She /It have been Working ? Will He/ She /It not have been Working ?
will They have been working ? Will They not have been working ?
will Rohan have been working ? Will Rohan not have been working ?
Will Girls have been working ? Will Girls not have been working ?

This tense indicates an action represented as being in progress over a period of time that will end in the future.
Example :
• By next December we shall have been living here for five years.
• When she gets her degree, she will have been studying at London.

Tense forms in Conditional Clauses

Tense forms in Conditional Clauses
First Conditional

Condition Result
If , unless + Present tense form Future tense form [ will, may, can ]
1. If you practise regularly You will improve your bowling
2. Unless you work hard You will not make it

Second Conditional
Condition Result
If + past simple / continuous Would , could , might
1. If they won the match . • I would be very happy
2. If you were really concentrating • You would not be disturbed by the noise

Third Conditional

Condition Result
If + past Perfect Would , could , might + have +pp

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 3. If India had won. • It would have gone up in ranking .
4. If she had fallen Would , could , might + have been +pp
• She would have been hurt seriously .

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 Spotting Errors

1. (a) He was so inquisitive/ (b) that he rose many/ (c) questions in the class ./ (d)No error.
2. (a)He was borne of poor parents,/(b)but brought up/(c)in an affluent family./(d) No error.
3. (a)The university was/(b)found in1950/(c)when India was not self dependent in many aspects./ (d) No error.
4. (a)I complaint against him/(b)as in spite of my repeated warnings/(c)he failed to mend his ways./ (d) No error.
5. (a) Failure must not have/ (b) permanent affect on a person/ (c)because only the tough survives./ (d) No error.
6. a) Though he is a reputed singer / b) his yesterday’s performance / c) did not proved it / d) No error .
7. (a) He lied on the grass/ (b) for hours/ (c) enjoying the cool breeze./ (d) No error.
8. (a) During the rainy season/ (b) many rivers overflew their banks/ (c) and caused great difficulty./ (d) No error.
9. (a)He lay his luggage/(b) aside and laid down/(c)to rest for a while./(d)No error.
10. (a)Had he met / b) at this place / c)I may have lent him / d) the money / e) No error .
11. (a) The assassin was convicted/ (b) and ordered to/ (c) be hung./ (d) No error.
12. (a)On many occasions / b) we did helped the poor /c) by the way of / d) giving them food and clothes / e) No
error
13. (a) When the company offered him a purse on his retirement/ (b) he refused to/ (c) agree it. / (d) No error.
14. (a)It is time / b) you start / c) your own business / d) No error .
15. (a) She / b) did not prepare / c) her breakfast yet / d) no error .
16.a) Cricket has become / b)so popular now-a-days /c) that even elderly people are discussing / d) the game when
they meet / e) No error .
17.a) It is / b) the high time / c) you have decided / d) to leave this company / e) no error .
18.a) Have the students /b) carefully read / c) and really understood the / d) instructions gave above / e) No error .
19.a)While I was walking / b) on the grass / c) I had seen a large snake / d) No error .
20.a) Arjun the newly developed / b) battle tank had shown to a team of journalist last week . / c) No error .

Answer Key

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.B

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 3. Noun

Definition :- A noun is a word, it is used as the name of a person, animal, place, bird, idea, emotion or thing.
Example :- boy , girl, table, chair, peacock, honesty, happiness, wisdom, book etc.,
Example :-
• Person: David, Sister, Woman, Brother
• Place: Chennai, London, Delhi, Mexico
• Animal: Tiger, Elephant, Lion, Deer
• Bird: Parrot, Crow, Swan, Peacock
• Emotion: Happiness, Sadness, Thought, Joy
• Thing: Pen, Book, Computer, Pencil

TYPES OF NOUN

1. Common noun
2. Proper noun
3.Collective noun
4. Abstract noun
5.Material noun

1. Common noun:

Definition :- A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class of Kind.
Example :- . Chair, bicycle, dog, ladder etc.

2. Proper noun:

Definition:- A proper noun is the name of some particular person, place, thing, particular event, or group.
Example :- Taj Mahal, English class, Diwali, Valentine day etc.

3. Collective noun:

Definition: - Nouns that refer to a specific group of persons or things are called Collective Nouns. These are nouns
for groups of people. Here are some collective nouns for groups of people.

Example :- Mob, Team , Herd , Fleet , Family , crowd , Flock , Army , Jury , Parliament
Example :-
• a family • a committee
• a community • a company
• a band • a gang
• a choir • the government
• an audience • the army

Example :-
• a brood of chickens, a litter of puppies, a school of fish etc.
• The words “a piece of” mean a single serving or part of something.
• a slice/piece of bread, a slice/piece of cheese, a sheet/piece of paper

4. Abstract noun:

Definition:- An abstract noun is usually the name of a feelings, ideas, action, state and characteristics, or Qualities
considered apart from the object to which it belongs as.

Example :- Quality : wiseness, goodness, kindness, whiteness, darkness, honesty, wisdom, bravery
Action : quarrelling , jog, laughter, theft, movement, judgement, hatred

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 State : Poverty , Death , Childhood , Loneliness

Material noun:
Definition:- There are the raw elements or objects existing in nature.

The Nouns are divided into two Types :

(I ) Countable nouns: - (countable) are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can count. And they have their
own
singular and plural forms.
Example :- Books, Apples, Doctors, horses

(ii) Uncountable nouns:-(uncountable) are the names of things which we cannot count, e.g. milk, oil, sugar, gold,
Honesty.
The uncountable nouns generally refer to
Example :-
• Drinks : coffee, tea
• materials : wood, glass, gold, silver
• Liquids : milk, oil, petrol
• Games : cricket, tennis, football
• Gases : air, oxygen

Countable nouns have plural forms while Uncountable nouns do not.

For example, we say “ boys “ but we cannot say “ oils “ .

Example :- Iron, Gold, Stones, Brass

Example : - These houses are made of pieces of wood
Example : - This house is made of brick

Rule 1: Some nouns plural in form but singular in meaning, such and news, measles, linguistics, physics,
electronics, tactics, economics and so on, usually take singular verbs.
It express sudden feelings of surprise happiness or sad.
Example: Measles is an infectious disease. Linguistics is my favorite subject.

Rule 2 : Collective Noun: A collective noun is word that represents a group of persons, animals or objects.
Example: audience, committee, company, council, army, police, society, board, department, cabinet, class etc.

Rule 3. : When the group is through of as acting as a unit, the verb should be singular.
Example: The committee has agreed to submit its report on Friday. The cabinet has passed the money bill.

Rule 4: When the members of the group are thought of acting separately, the verb should be plural.
Example: The staff of the collage are not happy with their new working conditions .

Rule 5: When nouns expressing period of time, amount of money and quantity are considered as a single unit
singular verbs are used.
Example: Ten rupees seems too much for the job, five years is too long a time to wait. Five meters is enough
for a suit.

Rule 6: Certain collective nouns are always used in plural form

Example : These poultry are for sale. The cattle are grazing near the canal.
Example :- cattle , Riches , alms , ashes , gentry , scissors , Trousers , Tongs , Goggles , Surroundings , Binoculars
, Spectacles etc .
Example :- His Trousers were torn .

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Rule 7. Certain nouns are always used in singular and followed by singular verb. These are not used in plural
sense and do not take plural verbs. (hair, issue, advice, information , scenery , luggage, mischief, bread, abuse,
furniture, land, business, machinery, poetry, beauty etc.)
Example : Her hair has turned rough now. The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful.

Rule 8. The titles of books or magazines are considered singular and take singular verb.
Example: The ‘Hindustan times’ has a wide circulation.
Example:- The Arabian Nights is a famous Arabian Book .

Rule 9. Noun like dozen , score, pair, hundred, thousand , million , year , pound, etc. are used in singular
only when they come after numerical value, otherwise in plural.

Rule 10. Some nouns have the singular and the plural alike; as, Swine, Sheep, deer, cod, trout, salmon .
Example:-a). There is a sheep in a yard
b).Two deer were caught
c). Many sheep are grazing in the field

Rule 11. Use of Possessive Case: (apostrophe’s)

a. The Possessive case is now used chiefly with the names of living things ; as the Governer’s bodyguard; the
lion’s name. So we must say: The leg of the table (not, the table’s leg). The cover of the book (not the book’s
cover).
b. But the Possessive is used with the name of personified object; as, India’s heroes; Nature’s law; Fortune’s game

Rule 12. By adding ‘s’ to the latter Noun when two nouns come together to express a joint venture or action or
object.
Example: Charles and Jane’s house, Romeo and Juliet’s love.

Rule 13. By adding ‘s’ to both the Nouns if they imply separate possession.
Example: Rehman’s and Shalley’s poetry, Ashok’s and Akbar’s reigns.

Rule 14 :- Some singular compound nouns are made with preposition or prepositional phrase . They are made
plurals by only their Nouns .
Example :-
a) . Father – in – law = Fathers – in – Law
Looker – on = Lookers-on
Work-of- art = Works of art
Commander - in- chief = Commanders - in- chief
b). Man servant – men servants
Woman doctor - Women doctors
Man-of-war men-of-war
Male servant – Male servants
Bank manager – Bank Managers
Ten – years- Old boys Ten – year - Old boys
Five –meters Five – Meters
Governor-General Governors – General
Listener -in Listeners-in

Rule 15 :- Some confusing Nouns

Example :
• Air – Elements Airs – Bad Behavior
• Water – Material Waters – Ocean / sea
• Wood – Material Woods – Forest
• Breeze – Light Air Wind – Strong Air
• Talent – By Birth Skills - Acquire
• Ground – Without roof Floor- With roof
• Pain – Physical Pain Pains – Hard Work
• Blunder- Big Mistake Error- Mistake

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 • Work – Task / Job Works – Composition
• Place- an open space Room – a closed space
• Advice – suggestion Advices – Information
• Abuse-indecent words Abuses- social evils
• Powder – Dust particles Powders-medicine
• Spectacle-view Spectacles-glasses
• Alphabet- vocab Alphabets-languages
• Custom – habit Customs- Duties on Goods
• Brothers-son of the same parents Brethren – members of society
• Iron-Metal Irons- Fetters

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) The beautiful / (b) surrounding of the place / (c) enchanted me./ (d) No error
2. (a) No Porter being available/ (b) he carried / (c) all his luggage’s himself./ (d) No error
3. (a) The table’s legs / (b) have been / (c) elaborately carved./ (d) No error
4. (a)The sceneries/ (b)of Kashmir/(c)is very charming./(d)No error
5. (a) The driver showed / (b) great talent in keeping / (c) the damaged car under control./ (d) No error
6. (a)When I entered the bedroom/(b)I saw a snake crawling/(c)on the ground./(d) No error
7. (a) Alms / (b) are given/ (c) to the poor’s./ (d) No error
8. (a) Lasers are / (b) indispensable tools / (c) for the delicate eyes surgery./ (d) No error
9. (a) A few days ago / b) sudha received / c) a ten – pages letter / d) from vijay / e) No error .
10. (a) He has been / b) suffering from / c) measles since Monday / d) No error .
11. (a)Whenever he goes to Mumbai/(b)he stays in/(c)five-stars hotels./(d)No error
12. (a) I would like / b) to meet his cousin brother / c) who has just returned from Germany / d) NO error .
13. (a) A strong breeze/(b)blew his/(c)cap off./(d)No error.
14. (a) All my sister – in – laws / b) are married and settled / c) in U.K / d) no error .
15. a) The gang of customers / b) waited for the store / c) to open / d) No error .
16. (a) It is a big blunder/(b) but we had /(c) to ignore it/(d)No error
17. (A) The police have received / (b) two important information’s / (c) that can help them solve the triple murder
case/ (E) No error
18. (a) The sheaf’s / (b) of the wheat plants were too heavy / (c) for the weak farmer to carry them on his head. / (d)
No error
19. (a) The population of India /(b) is divided into two classes- / (c) Haves and Haves not./ (d) No error
20. (a) All his sister-in laws /(b) are extremely co- operative / (c) and she doesn’t miss her real sisters at all./ (d) No
error
21. (a) My sister / (b) has read / (c) pages after pages of the Bible./ (d) No error
22. (a)I went to the temple/(b)with my parents, aunts/(c)and cousin sisters./(d)No error
23. (a) He / (b) takes pain / (c) over his work./ (d) No error
24. (a) Houses made of / b) bricks and stones / c) are now common in the Indian villages / d) No Error
25. (a) I like / (b) the poetries / (c) of Byron and Shelley./ (d) No error

Answer Key

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.D
11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.A
21.C 22.C 23.B 24.B 25.B

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 4. Pronoun
❖ THE PRONOUN

Definition:- A pronoun is a word used instead of a common noun or a proper noun. The word pronoun Means for a
noun and it called a noun’s deputy.

➢ Types of pronoun

1. Personal Pronoun 2. Reflexive Pronoun

3. Emphatic Pronoun 4. Demonstrative Pronoun
5. Relative Pronoun 6. Interrogative Pronoun
7. Indefinite Pronoun 8. Distributive Pronoun

➢ PERSONAL PRONOUN

Definition:- Personal Pronouns which stand for the names of persons. They take the place of nouns and are used as
the subject of the verb in a sentence.

➢ Personal Pronoun

Persons Nominative Objective Possessive

I st I / we Me / us My / Our Mine / Ours
nd
II You You Your Yours
III rd He / She / It / They Him / Her / It / Them His / Her / Its / Their His / Hers / Its/ Theirs

➢ Possessive Pronoun

Definition:
Possessive Pronoun stands for the possessive noun of the personal pronoun. These pronouns are used to talk about
things that belong to people. The words mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs are possessive pronouns.

➢ Difference Between Possessive Adjective and Possessive Pronoun

Read the following sentences:

Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun

This is my cell phone This cell phone is mine.
This is your cell phone That cell phone is yours.
This is her cell phone This cell phone is hers.
This is his cell phone That cell phone is his
This is our car This car is ours
That is their car That car is theirs

➢ REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Definition:-Reflexive Pronouns, which are objects and which refer to the same persons as the subjects of the verbs.

Reflexive Pronoun
I st I- Myself
We-Ourselves
IInd You- Yourself
Yourselves
IIIrd He- Himself
She- Herself
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 It- - Itself
They – Themselves

Example :-
• I washed my clothes myself
• We organized the party all by ourselves
• Be careful not to cut yourself with that knife
• You have all enjoyed yourselves
• She cooked the dinner herself
• They have proved themselves to be right

➢ EMPHATIC PRONOUN

Definition:- Emphatic pronoun emphasizes the noun.

Example :-
• I myself completed the homework.
• We ourselves organized the party

➢ DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

Definition:- Demonstrative Pronouns, which point out things, as this, these, that and those. Because they convey a
high degree of specificity and distinctiveness in pointing out ("demonstrating") a referent; They are showing words.

Distance Singular Plural

Nearby this These
Far away that Those

We should not be confused with Demonstrative pronouns and Demonstrative adjectives.

ADJECTIVE
•: This is my house
• Are those the flowers you picked?

PRONOUN
•: This house is mine
• Did you pick those flowers?

➢ RELATIVE PRONOUN

Definition:- Relative Pronouns, which relate to some noun going before in the sentence as who, whose, whom,
which, that

➢ INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

Definition:- Interrogative Pronouns, which ask questions, as, who, which, what, whom, whose.
They are here used for asking questions, and are, therefore, called Interrogative Pronouns.

Example :-
• Who built that house?
• Which is your house?
• Whose is this book?
• Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

➢ INDEFINITE PRONOUN

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Definition:- Indefinite Pronouns, which refer to persons or things in a general or indefinite way.
Example :-
Pronouns
• Anybody • Everybody • Nobody • Somebody •None
• Anyone • Everyone • no one • Someone •One
• Anything • Everything • Nothing • Something

➢ DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN

Definition:- Distributive Pronouns, which refer to persons or things taken one at a time, as each, either, neither. For
this reason they are always singular and as such followed by the verb in the singular.

Example :-
• Each : Each of these girls deserved a reward
• Either : We may take either of these two books
• Neither: Neither of them writes well

➢ RULES
Rule :1 The Pronoun 'One' must be followed by 'Ones.
• Example:- One must do one's duty to one's country.
• Example:- One should know one’s limit

Rule 2: The pronoun is singular when two singular nouns joined by 'and' are preceded by each or every.
• Example: Everyday and every night brings its own duty.
• Example:- Each book and each magazine has its own value

Rule 3: 'Everyone' or 'Everyday' must be followed by 'his' own instinct.

• Example: Everyone should love his country.

Rule 4: Each, everyone, anyone, anybody must be followed by the singular pronoun of their person.
• Example: Anyone can do this if tries.
• Example:- Every man must brings his luggage .

Rule 5: 'Let' is followed by pronoun in the objective case.

• Example: Let us go.
• Example:- Let him and me do it together .

Rule 6: 'But' and 'except' are followed by pronoun in the objective case.
• Example: Everyone attended the party except him.

Rule 7: 'such as' is followed by pronoun in the subjective case.

• Example: I have no liking for such a man as he.
• Example:- Aaryan is not such a good boy as I expected

8.USE OF IT :-
Rule : -When the sentence starts from ‘ it’ then the pronoun which is used after ‘ it ‘ will be ‘ Subjective ‘ form .
example :
1. It is he who always helps others .
2. It was I who protested first .

Rule 9: Verbs like 'enjoy', 'avail', 'pride', 'resign', 'apply', 'acquit', 'assert', 'absent' are followed by reflexive
pronouns.
• Example: He absented himself from the class. We enjoyed ourselves at the party. I availed myself of the
opportunity. She prides herself on her wealth and beauty. He resigned himself to fate.

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Rule 10: Reflexive pronouns are never used with verbs 'keep', 'conceal', 'qualify ', 'spread', 'rest', 'stay', turn, Bathe ,
move .
• Example: I stayed away from my class. He qualified in the exam. She kept away from the show.

Rule 11: Either should be used in reference to two. When the reference is to more than two, we should use any one.
• Example: Either of these two books will meet my purpose. She is taller than any one of her five sisters.

➢ USE OF WHO, WHICH AND THAT

Rule 1: Who and that are used when referring to persons, who being used when the individual person or the
individuality of a group is meant and that when a class, type or is meant.
• Example: He is the boy who understands Punjabi. She is the kind of students that we want.

Rule 2: After adjectives of superlative degree that is used

• Example: He is the wisest man that ever lived. This is the best that we can do.

Rule 3: After two antecedents, one of which is the name of a person and the other the name of some animal or
thing, use that in place of who or which.
• Example: The man and his pet dog that came yesterday have come again today.

Rule 4: Which is used when referring to places, objects, and animals.

• Example: Our Annual Report, which is long. is now ready for distribution.
• Example:- The dog which is here is mine

Rule 5: 'Each other' is used for two; 'one another' for more than two.
• Example: Charles and Jane love each other. All the students in the class help one another.

Rule 6: When a pronoun is the object of a verb or preposition it should be in objective case.
Example:
• These costumes are for you and me.
• Between him and me there is an understanding.

Rule 7 :-
• a). In positive order when first second and third person singular pronouns ( I ,You and He) are used
together then the sequence will be : You , He and I ( 2 , 3 , 1)

• b). In negative order when first second the third person singular pronouns ( I , you and He ) are used then
the sequence will be : I , You and He ( 1 , 2 , 3 )
• Example : I , You and He will be punished
I , You and He committed a sin

• C). When the plural pronouns of first , second and third person : We , you They : are used in a negative or
Positive sentence the sequence will be : We , You and They (1 , 2 , 3 )
• Example : We , You and They are going to market together
We , You and They are the culprits

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) Unless two or more members object/ (b) to him joining the club, we shall have to/ (c) accept his application
for membership./ (d) No error.
2. (a) I was surprised and pleased (b)/ when I was informed of me (c) winning the contest./ (d) No error.
3. (a) Our dog may look/(b)fierce but/(c)that wouldn’t hurt a fly./(d)No error.
4. (a)The girl who / ( b) viney fell in love / (c) with was a rich man’s daughter / (d) No Error .
5. (a) All the doubts are cleared/ (b) between/ (c) you and I./ (d) No error.
6. (a) The front page story was about a school girl/ (b) that had hurt herself/ (c)while saving a child in an accident./
(d) No error.
7. (a)The last thing that the fond mother/(b)gave her only son/(c)was his blessings ./(d) No error.
8. (a) It is not/ (b) I who is/ (c) to blame./ (d) No error.
9. (a) I shall avail of/ (b) this opportunity/ (c) to meet you there./ (d) No error.
10. (a) Put you in my position/ (b) and you will realize/ (c) the problems faced in my profession./ (d) No error.
11. (a) Each of them/ (b) has to understand/ (c) their responsibility/ (d) No error.
12. (a)We are proud to announce/(b)that everyone of us have earned/(c)a good name./
(d) No error.
13. (a) Here is/(b)the man whom I think/(c)committed the crime./(d)No error.
14. (a) He took/ (b) his younger sister/ (c) with himself./ (d) No error.
15. (a) The company is in debt/ (b) and has been unable/ (c) to pay their employees’ salaries/ (d) for the past six
months./ (e) No error.
16. (a) Neither of the two friends / (b) has got their money / (c) back from the company / (d) No Error .
17. (a) You cannot change/ (b) people, but you/ (c) can definitely/ (d) change own. / (e) No error.
18. (a)Governments and business houses must reduce/(b)its own energy use/(c)and promote conservation/ (d) to
their citizens and employees./ (e) No error.
19. (a) Even those which/ (b) have no previous/ (c) work experience have/ (d) applied for this job./ (e) No error.
20. (a)The person who / (b) I met yesterday /(c) was my classmate / (d) No Error .
21. (a)I and Raju / (B) left for Delhi / (c) last summer / (D) No Error .
22. (a) The two sisters shouted/ (b) at one another/ (c) in public./ (d) No error.
23. (a) We must supplement/ (b) our diet with vitamins and minerals/ (c) in order to keeps/ (d) oneself fit.
24. (a) Mrs. Pratap, being a good teacher/ (b) she is selected/ (c) for the National Award./
(d) No error
25.(a) The poor man/ (b) poisoned him/ (c) and his own children./ (d) No error.

Answer Key

1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.A
21.A 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.B

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 5. Articles
Definition:
A, an, and the are special adjectives. These are called Articles.
When articles combine with nouns, they form noun phrases: There are two articles in English

• The Indefinite article A or An A king, an elephant

• The Definite Article The Call the man

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE

Definition: The words a and an are called indefinite articles. We can use them with singular nouns to talk about
any single person or thing.
Deciding which indefinite article to place in front of a word depends upon the initial sound of the word, not the
first letter of the word.

When to use a; when to use an

➢ Use of ‘An’

Rule 1:- Before words beginning with vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u) are called vowels. Others are consonants.
Example: - an apple, an egg, an owl.

Rule 2:- Before words beginning with silent ‘h’

Example: - an hour, an honorable man, an heir, an honest man

Rule 3:- F, H, L, M, N, R, S, X are letters that are not vowels but begin with vowel sound ‘M’ has the sound of
‘em’. So, ‘an’ is used before abbreviations beginning with vowels or these letters.
Example: - an M.L.A., an R.A.F., an N.C.C. officer, an F.I.R., an X-ray, an H.E. school, an S.P., an LEA school.

Rule 4 :- Before the name of professions / jobs

Example – Are you an engineer ?

➢ Use of ‘A’

Rule 1:- (i) In the sense of one

Example: - He couldn’t speak a word to save himself.
(ii) With one’s (‘one’ begins with sound of ‘w’) a one – man show, a one – rupee note.

Rule: - 2 Before words beginning with consonant sound

Example: - a boy, a box, a dog.

Rule 3:- With vowels letters having consonant value:

Example: - a university, a unique article, a eupheuism, a unit, a European language. (All these begin with
consonant sound of ‘eu’)

Rule 4:- With units and rate (per):

Example: - He earns rupees hundred a month. Rice sells ten rupees a kilo.

Rule 5:- In exclamatory expressions before singular countable nouns :

Example: - What a pretty girl ! How sunny a day !

Rule 6:- When two subjects of articles are thought of as a single unit.
Example: - He was ready with a cup and saucer. A cigarette is made of a paper and tobacco.

Rule 7:- With certain expressions of quantity :

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Example: - a lot of, a dozen, a great deal of, a couple.

Rule 8:- With a person’s name to indicate that the person is perhaps unknown to the person addressed:
Example: - A Mr. Roy is at the door.

Rule 9:- Before the name of professions / jobs etc .

Example :- My father is a doctor
2. She works in a bank

Rule 10:- To make a common noun of a proper noun.

Example: - This man is ‘a second Newton’. (This phrase means a philosopher as great as ‘Newton’) ‘A Daniel’
came to judgment. (The phrase means ‘a wise man’)

➢ Use of ‘The’

Rule 1:- When we speak of a particular person or thing already referred to :

Example: - I dislike the person who speaks lies. The boy near the taps is my brother.

Rule 2:- When a singular noun represents a whole class.

Example: - (i) The mango is considered the king among fruits.
(ii) the ass is used as a beast of burden.

Remark: The nouns ‘man’ and ‘woman’ do not take ‘the’ before them.
Example: - Man is the greatest of God’s creations.

Rule 3:- With names of:

(a) Gulfs, rivers, oceans, islands and mountains
Example :- The Himalayas, the Indian ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Red sea, the Andaman islands, the Brahmaputra
river.

Rule 4:- Religious books :

Example: - the Vedas, the Puranas, the Bible, the Ramacharitmanas.

Rule 5:- Musical Instruments :

Example: - The flute, the violin, the tabla , the trumpet.

Rule 6:- Inventions:

Example: - (i) I hate the telephone for its consonant ringing.
(ii) The television is a gift of science.

Rule 7:- Parts of body :

Example: - (i) He was wounded in the leg.
2. He cannot see these cells with the naked eyes

Rule 8:- Religious groups :

Example: - the Sikhs, the Hindus, the Parsees.

Rule 9:- Names of bodies enforcing law :

Example: - The Police, the Navy, the Air Force.

Rule 10:- Political parties :

Example: - The Congress, the Janata Party, the B.J.P.

Rule 11:- Aeroplanes, ships, trains etc. :

Example: - The Makalu (aeroplane). The Vikrant (Ship). The Rajdhani Express (train).

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Rule 12:- Before names of an Empire, dynasty or historical event.
Example :- The Gupta dynasty, the Old Stone Age, the First World War, the American Revolution.

Rule 13:- Clubs, Foundations etc.:

Example: - The Lion’s Club, the Ford Foundation.

Rule 14:- Before common nouns denoting unique things:

Example: - The sun, the sky, the earth, the world, the stars.

Rule 15:- With superlatives:

Example: - (i) he is the best boy in the class.
(ii) Prizes would be given for the most outstanding performances.

Rule 16:- With ordinals :

Example: - (i) He took the first taxi that comes his way.
(ii) He lives in the tenth block.
(iii) Our class is on the second door.

Rule 17:- Before the comparative degree :

Example: - (i) The more they get, the more they want.
(ii) He is the cleverer of the two.

Rule 18:- Before an adjective when the noun is understood:

Example: - (i) The poor would favor him.
(ii) We must not shun the disabled.

Rule 19 :- Do not use , the “ before the name language .

Language Inhabitants
English The English
French The France
Example :- We are learning English

Rule 20:- “ The” is used with special building exists

Example :- 1.Students go to school to study
2. Christians go to church to pray
3. He went to the school to meet the Headmaster
4. He went to the church to look at the Buildings .

Rule 21 :- Do not use , “The ” before the name of countries unless the name suggests that the country is made up
of smaller units or constituent parts .
Example :-
Japan , France , Italy
The united state of America , The U.K , The U . S . S. R .

Rule 22 :When we introduced a singular noun for the first time , we use a or an and later we use the to refer to the
same noun.
Example :- I saw a policeman . The policeman was tall and strict

Rule23 :- “The ” is used before the special meals.

Example :-
1.The dinner will be held at the park plaza 2. I called my friend to the lunch yesterday

Rule 24:- No article is used before the names of games

Example:-
1.He is Playing Hockey 2.Cricket is my favorite game .

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) The loss of jobs/ (b) is regarded by some as an necessary evil/ (c) in the fight against inflation./ (d) No error.
2. (a) It is a/ (b) quarter to ten/ (c) by my watch./ (d) No error.
3. (a) Gita doesn’t usually/ (b) wear jewellery but yesterday/ (c)she wore ring./ (d) No error.
4. (a) Man on fast has not taken / b) even water for / c) the last two days / d) No error .
5. (a) In science the credit goes to a man/ (b) who convinces the world,/ (c) not to the man to whom the idea first
occurs./ (d) No error.
6. (a)A few members / b) who came for the show /c) had to return disappointed / d) No error .
7. (a) Of the two/ (b) sisters, she/ (c) is better./ (d) No error.
8. (a) It is unfortunate enough/ (b) to lose few friends we make/ (c) during our school days./ (d) No error.
9. (a) There were a number of intelligent gentlemen at the party/ (b) but it was Mr. Subramaniam, an eminent
scientist,/(c) who remained a centre of attraction./ (d) No error.
10. (a) I have been/ (b) informed that/ (c) Mr. Sharma, the director and the chairman will visit Patna the following
month./ (d) No error.
11. (a)He is/(b)the best worker/(c)of the factory but unfortunately least paid./(d)No error.
12. (a) He has come out/ (b) with an unique proposal/ (c) for his friends (d) No error.
13. (a) When the house was/ (b) set on the fire, all the people/ (c) started shouting at the top of their voices./ (d) No
error.
14. (a) Little knowledge/ (b) of medicine that he possessed/ (c) proved to be a blessing for him when he was in
great pain./ (d) No error.
15. (a) It was/ (b) by a mistake/ (c) that he injured her hand./ (d) No error.
16. (a)These orders of/(b)the Manager/(c)may put the lives of two thousand workers in a danger./ (d) No error.
17. (a) Shekhar has been / b) suffering from the malaria /c) for the last seven days / d) No error
18. (a) The most happy/ (b) marriage would be/ (c) a union of a deaf man and a blind woman./ (d) No error.
19. (a) John suggested to/ (b) the children of his village that they should/ (c) go to the school regularly and do their
home work sincerely./ (d) No error.
20. (a) It being rainy day / b) most of the people / c) out on the street / d) were carrying umbrellas / e) No Error .
21. (a) The harder he tries / b) to make good his escape /c) from trouble / d) faster he lands into them / e) No Error .
22. (a) His father/ (b) asked him to go/ (c) to the temple every morning/ (d) No error.
23. (a) There was little/(b)milk in there refrigerator and she gave it/(c)to her crying son./ (d) No error.
24. (a)He leads/(b)a very luxurious life/(c)so he goes to every part of India by a car./(d)No error.
25. (a) Thanks to an effort/ (b) and persistence of the doctors, the victims of the blast/ (c) have been able to start a
normal life again./ (d) No error.

Answer Key

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C
11.C 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.A

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 6. Adverb
Definition:- An adverb is used to modify an adjective, a verb or other adverb. It tells us about an action, or the way
something is done.
➢ An adverb can be formed from an adjective by adding the suffix -ly.
Example :-
Drive carefully She writes neatly
He acts cleverly She gets up early in the morning
Westerns can be very exciting She yelled loudly

Note : It‟s important to keep in mind that not all -ly words are adverbs. Some can be adjectives: friendly,
neighborly, yearly, mannerly, daily, lovely, elderly, and cowardly, to name just a few. If the -ly modifies a noun or
pronoun is called adjective. If the -ly modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb is called adverb.

➢ Adverbs answer four specific questions about the verbs, adjectives, and adverbs they modify:
Example :-
• How? quickly, gracefully, fluently
• When? late, never, tomorrow
• Where? there, inside, below
• How often? very, well, almost

Adverb Phrases:- Adverb phrases are groups of words that functions as single adverbs to describe the action of the
verb.
Example :-
• The bus arrived on time
• She draws cartoons like a real cartoonist

Definition: -Two Adverbs sometimes go together, joined by the conjunction and; as

Example :-
again and again now and then
by and by once and again
far and wide out and out
first and foremost off and on
far and wide over and above

Definition of Adverb : An Adverb is used as a simple modifier to convey degree , manner , number , place or time

Types of Adverb
• Adverb of Manner
• Adverb of Time.
• Adverb of Place.
• Adverb of Frequency.
• Adverbs of Degree.

ADVERB OF MANNER

Definition :- Adverbs of manner are mostly formed from Adjectives by adding -ly.
These adverbs express in what manner or how an action is done.
Example :-
• Nancy dances gracefully on the stage
• The girls answered all the questions correctly
• The plane landed safely
• Mr. David speaks English fluently
• The bird flies swiftly
• My uncle is in need of money badly.
• Alexander fought bravely

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 • You can buy fruit very cheaply in this shop
• He was driving carelessly
• He left quickly
• My brother works hard
• Maria sings well

Position of Adverb:- Adverbs of Manner, which answer the question , “How” are generally placed after the verb
or after the object if there is one; as,
Example :-
• She speaks French fluently
• He does his work carefully
• It is raining heavily

ADVERB OF TIME

Definition:- Adverbs of time express the time of an action

These adverbs express in which or when an action is done.
Example :-
• Mrs. Nancy arrived late for the party
• We moved into our new house last week
• Mr. David never listens to me
• They are coming now
• I was waiting in the bus stop until 6 p.m

➢ Adverbs of Time are usually placed after the verb or after the object if there is one; as,
Example :-
• I went there yesterday
• She is getting married next week

ADVERB OF PLACE

Definition:- These express or point out the place of an action.

Example :-
➢ They live in a house nearby
➢ We’re going to New York City on our school trip
➢ My brother is studying at an English university
➢ Please let me in
➢ The bus will stop here as soon as it arrives

➢ Adverbs of Place are usually placed after the verb or after the object if there is one; as,
Example :-They will go there

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

Definition:- Position of adverbs of frequency which answer the question , “How often ?”
These Adverbs tell us how often or how frequently an action takes place.
Example :-
• She always likes black tea
• She seldom goes there
• Sometimes I feel bad
• I never expect this again
• David never comes here
• We’ve been to Disneyland twice
• The newspaper is delivered daily

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 ➢ The adverbs are placed after the to be verb and auxiliary verb
Example :-
• She is always late
• He was never absent
• I am always at home on Saturday
• He will certainly help you
• I can answer this question easily

➢ In the case of other verbs, they are put before the verb.
Example :-
• She seldom comes here
• They frequently go there
• I never do such a thing

ADVERB OF DEGREE OR QUANTITY

Definition:- Adverbs of Degree which show how much, or in what degree or to what extent.
Example :-
Too very much
Enough Quite/Quiet Hardly / Scarcely/ Barely
Rather / Fairly Ago/Before

➢ These Adverbs express the degree or extent of an action.

Example :-
• You are quite right
• He helped me greatly
• He hardly works
• I do not have any experience in this
• I am rather busy
• She is fully prepared
• I have enough food
• You are partly responsible for this
• The tank is almost full

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS

Definition:- Adverbs of Degree which are used in asking quetions.

Example :-
• Why are you late?
• When did you come?
• Where are you going?
• Why did you go there?
• When will the train arrive?

ADVERBS OF REASON OR PURPOSE

Definition:- These Adverbs express the reason for or purpose of an action

Example :-
• The teacher is ill and therefore is unable to come to school
• Michel was hence neglected by the teachers
• He gets the award consequently of his talent
• The bell rang so he left the school
• He said thus to accept
• On account of rain the match was postponed
• Since it is hot, I am very tired

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) A soldier is/ (b) taught never to/(c) fight cowardly/(d) No error.
2. (a) A man of fifty/(b)cannot be called/(c)as young./(d)No error.
3. (a)He is being/(b)very politely/(c) therefore his son best known to him./(d) No error.
4. (a) He is enough tall/(b) to be selected as Sub Inspector/ (c) in Delhi Police/(d) No error.
5. (a) Watch how careful / b) that their plan / c) held very decidedly danger / d) No error .
6. (a) I am full of energy/(b) today because I /(c) soundly slept last night/(d) No error.
7. (a) I did not know hardly/(b) anyone in the college/ (c) and so I felt lonely all the time/(d) No error.
8. (a)He knew / b) he had behaved bad / c) and he seemed / d) Truly sorry / e) No error .
9. (a) The story of / b) your adventures / c) is much interesting / d) No error .
10. (a) I refused to accompany him/(b) because he was/(c) so boring/(d) No error.
11. (a) I refused to consider/(b)him as an honest boy /(c) as he had cheated many people/(d) No error.
12. (a) I see him often/(b) at the/(c)bus terminal/(d) No error.
13. (a)Mangoes taste/(b)more sweetly than/(c)any other fruit of this world/(d)No error.
14. (a) My father /(b) is very quicker than/(c) I at Chess/(d) No error.
15. (a)Never in the history/(b)there has been/(c)as shrewd a mentors as Chanakya / (a) No error.
16. (a) People all over the world / b) invent new machines / c) when they think independent / d) No error .
17. (a) She did her job/ (b) as better as she/(c) could do/(d) No error.
18. (a) My younger bother / b) left for / c) the U.S.A. / d) three years before / e) No error .
19. (a)He had barely/(b)nothing to wear/(c)when he came to me for help/(d)No error.
20. (a) Piyush walked on /b) as fastly as he could / c) until he reached the road / d) No error .
21. (a) Meetu is / b) enough strong / c) to deal with / d) enemies single –handed / e) No error .
22. (a)Great leaders tried/(b)to eradicate social evil practices/(c)with tooth and nail/ (d) No error.
23. (a) My cold was / b) so bad that / c) I could / d) hard breathe / e) No error .
24. (a) The State Government/(b) appointed him as /(c) officer-in-charge/(d) No error.
25. (a) The teacher asked/ (b) the students to/(c) talk loudly/(d) No error.

Answer Key

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B
21.B 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.C

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 7. Prepositions
➢ RULES

Prepositions of Time
(at, in, on, by, for, since, from)

Rule 1 :- At is used :
(a) With a definite point of time –
Example :- I usually get up at 5o’clock. She leaves her house every day at 9 a.m.
(b) With festivals -
Example :- He will come at Holi.

Rule 2 :- In is used :
(a) With the parts of the day,(with noon, use at), month, seasons and years-
Example :-
• He takes a walk in the afternoon. In summer the weather is warm.
• With the future. Be careful in future.

Rule 3:- On is used with days and dates :

Example :-
• My brother will arrive on Monday.
• My birthday is on the first of June.

Rule 4:- By refers to the latest time at which an action will be over :
Example :- The examination will be over by 5 p.m.

Rule 5:- For is used with perfect continuous tense showing the duration of action :
Examples :- I have been here for three years.

Rule 6:- Since is used with the point of time when actions begins and continues :
Example :- He has been ill since last Tuesday. Since 1980, Shalini has lived in Delhi.

Rule 7:- From refers to the starting point of action :

Example :- This water came from a spring. She came from the USA.

Prepositions of Place
(at, in, between, among, above, under, below, over, beneath)

Rule 1 :- At refers to an exact point :

Example :- The tourist stayed t the Tourist Hotel. He studied at Oxford. He is waiting at the door.

Rule 2:- In refers to larger areas.

Example :- He lives in Bombay.

Rule 3:- Between is used for two persons or two things.

Example :- Shares these sweets between him and me. It is a secret between you and me.

Rule 4 :- Among is used with more than two persons or things. But before the which starts with consonant letter.
Example :- Divide the sweets among the three boys.

Rule 5:- Amongst is also used with more than two persons or things but before the word starts with a vowel letter :
Example :- Divide the sweets amongst us.

Rule 6:- Above is used for higher than :

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Example :- The sun rose above the horizon. We were flying above the clouds.

Rule 7:- Under is used as vertically below :

Example :- It is shady under the trees.

Rule 8:- Below is used for lower than :

Example :- When the sun sets it goes below the horizon/ Your work is below average.

Rule 9:- Over is used for vertically above :

Example :- There is an aircraft coming over. The bathroom is over the kitchen.

Rule 10 :- Beneath means a lower position :

Example :- The ground was slippery beneath her.

Prepositions of Direction
(to, towards, into, at, for, against, off, from)

Rule 1:- To is used to express motion from one place to another :

Example :- We walked to the river and back.

Rule 2:- Towards refers to direction :

Example :- He saw me running towards him. She glanced towards the mirror.

Rule 3:- Into denotes motion towards the inside of something :

Example :- She fell into a ditch.

Rule 4:- At refers to aim :

Example :- He aimed at the bird.

Rule 5:- For denotes direction :

Example :- I will leave for Pune today. The Minister left for the U.K.

Rule 6:- Against shows pressure :

Example :- She cleaned the edge of her knife against the plate. He leaned against a tree.

Rule 7:- Off refers to separation :

Example :- He was wiping sweat off his face. Kim fell off his chair in a swoon.

Rule 8:- From refers to the point of departure :

Example :- The man parted from his friends. We scrambled from our trucks and ran after them.

Other uses of Prepositions

(about, along, after, across, before, behind, beyond, beside, besides)

Rule 1 :- About shows nearness :

Example :- I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door. His father is about to retire.

Rule 2:- Along stands for in the same line.

Example :- She led them along the corridor. The current passes along the wires .

Rule 3:- After refers to sequence :

Example :- She came after me. Soon after, Faraday began his researches into electricity.

Rule 4:- Across means from one side :

Example :- he blew a cloud of Smoke across the table. She ran across the field.

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Rule 5:- Before stand for in front of :
Example :- A thief was brought before the judge. The garage is before the road.

Rule 6:- Behind means at the back of :

Example :- She sat down behind the hedge. The sun went behind a cloud.

Rule 7:- Beyond means on the farther side of :

Example :- This is beyond his power. Love is beyond all human control.

Rule 8:- Beside means by the side of :

Example :- I sat down beside my wife.

Rule 9:- Besides means in addition to :

Example :- He is guilty of five killings and more besides. Besides being a teacher, he is a skilled craftsman.

Appropriate Preposition

About
• Doubt about

Against
• 2. Complaint against
• 3.Gaurd against
• 4.Robel against
• 5.Struggle against

AT
• 6.Aim at / to
• 7. Astonished at
• 8.Laugh at
• 9.Wonder at
• 10. Gain by

FOR
• 11. Candidate for
• 12. eager for
• 13.excuse for
• 14.famouse for
• 15.fit for
• 16.Good for
• 17.Mistake for
• 18. Necessary for
• 19.Send for
• 20.Sorry For
• 21.Start for
• 22.Taste for

FROM
• 23.Escape from
• 24.Free from
• 25.Hide from
• 26.Recover from

IN
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 • 27.Believe in
• 28.Intrested in

OF
• 29.Afraid of
• 30.Approve of
• 31.Ashemd of
• 32.Avail of
• 33.Aware of
• 34.Beg of
• 35.Beware of
• 36.Boast of
• 37.Cheat of
• 38.Composed of
• 39.Convinced of
• 40.Cured of
• 41.Guilty of
• 42.Hear of
• 43.Ignorant of
• 44.Jealous of
• 45.Lame of
• 46.Made of
• 47.Proud of

UPON / ON / OVER
• Act upon
• Congratulate on
• Count on
• Depend upon
• Hit upon
• Rely on
• Control over
• Preside over
• Rule over

TO
• Add to
• Amount to
• Belong to
• Commit to
• Consent to
• Contrary to
• Courteous to
• Dear to
• Exception to
• Faithful to
• Heir to
• Injurious to
• Invite to
• Lead to
• Limit to
• Listen to
• Loyal to
• Married to
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 • Regard to
• Used to

WITH
• Busy with
• Comply with
• Displeased with
• Familiar with
• Ill with
• Intimate with
• Popular with

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) He took/ (b) leave of/ (c) four days/ (d) No error.
2. (a) Children/ should always/ (b) listen the advice of their elders/ (c) and well wishers./ (d) No error.
3. (a) He will not/ (b) listen/ (c) what you say./ (d) No error.
4. (a)Nobody denies/(b)that my ideas/(c)are different than yours./(d)Noerror.
5. (a) It was I who was responsible of/ (b) making all the arrangements for the/ (c)successful completion of his
studies./ (d) No error.
6. (a)She was in the court yard/(b)when the burglars/(c)entered into her house./
(d) No error.
7. (a) Our teacher/ (b) emphasized on/ (c) the use of correct grammar. / (d)No error.
8. (a) I Certainly / b) differ with you / c) in this matter / d) No error
9. (a) While they were returning/ (b) from school,/ (c) a stalker attacked on them with a knife./ (d) No error.
10. (a) He says that / b) he has a car / c) beside a scooter / d) No error .
11. (a)our teachers often / b) emphasized on / c) the need for a lot of practice / d) No error
12. (a) Sudha fell in/ (b) the well and nobody / (c) tried to save her ./ (d) No error.
13. (a) I / (b) prefer coffee/ (c) than tea/ (d) No error.
14. (a) Suresh is busy / (b) in his work/ (c) for his presentation/ (d) No error.
15. (a)I have advised my friend / b) to dispose off his / c) old car and / d) buy a new one / e) No error .
16. (a) Amphibians / (b) can live / (c) in water as well as land./ (d) No error.
17. (a) My mother is fond off/ (b) cooking different / (c) types of dishes/ (d) No error.
18. (a) Our teacher/ (b) cannot/ (c) control on the students./ (d) No error.
19. (a) The lawyer has been waiting/ (b) for the prisoner / (c) since two hours / (d) No error.
20. (a) There will be a public meeting / b) in the town hall next week / c) to discuss the plan / d) no error .
21. (a) The first thing / b) he does after / c) taking his seat / d) is to order for tea / e) No error .
22. (a) He threw the bucket/ (b) into the river/ (c) and returned home without any water./ (d) No error.
23. (a)There appears/(b)to be very little/(c)understanding among the two brothers / (d) No error.
24. (a)She was/(b)angry on me because I/(c)had not invited her to party./(d)No error.
25.(a) He got a prestigious job though/ (b) he was not worthy/ (c) for it./ (d) No error.

Answer Key

1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.B
21.D 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.C

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 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION

1. You are welcome to partake_____ their light refreshment.

(a) in (b) for (c) at (d) of

2. We met a lot of people ______ our holidays.

(a) on (b) in (c) during (d) at

3. The firm has been dealing ______luxury goods for more than two decades.
(a) in (b)with (c) out (d) on

4. Today students should be reconciled ______the way things are changing.

(a) with (b) to (c) for (d) at

5. That week the dollar dropped ________its lowest levels.

(a) to (b) at (c) into (d) by

6. He went ______ sea alone.

(a) in (b) to (c)into (d) on

7. Everyone in this world is accountable to God_______ his actions.

(a) actions (b) for (c) to (d) over

8. Speed is ________ essence in a project of this type.

(a) in (b)for (c) about (d)of

9. A wise man profits _______the mistakes of others.

(a) through (b) from (c)with (d) by

10. Ram agreed ______my proposal.

(a) with (b)for (c)on (d)to

11. He is addicted ______ smoking.

(a) to (b)with (c)on (d)for

12. He sat ______the shade of a tree.

(a) under (b) into (c)in (d) on

13. There is something wonderful______him

(a) of (b) about (c) for (d) inside

14. When will you hand______your assignment?

(a) in (b) back (c) down (d) into

15. A new minister has taken ______ after the election.

(a) to (b) over (c) off (d)down

Answer Key

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B

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 8. (Modals) Verb Basic
Modals are the part of verbs. There are two classes of verbs.
(i) Ordinary/Regular verbs (ii) Auxiliary verbs

All these Modals suggest:-

a. Permission b. Ability c. Possibility
d. Suggestion/advice e. Promise f. Intention
g. Request h. Necessity/ i. Prohibition Compulsion
j. Wish or Prayer k. Duty, Obligation

➢ Different uses of Modals:-

❖ Will:-
* Will expresses simple future with second and third person:-
Example :-
• summer will come and days will be hot.
• During February flowers will bloom in all their glory.

* Will is used with the first person if it conveys a threat, a promise, a determission, and an intention:-
Example :-
• We will not allow her to come in.
• We will spoil you.

❖ Shall:-
* Shall with first person is used simply to express
Simple future tense, but it is possible only in case of assertive sentences:
Example :-
• I shall visit your place.
• We shall meet again.
•
* Shall is used with second/third person (i.e. You, Your, he, she, It, Raman) it conveys the sense of threat, promise,
determination and intention:
Example :-
• He shall be punished if he does that again.
• Students shall pay their fees by the 8th of every month.
• you shall do what I command.

❖ Would:-
Would is the past form of will and it is used in the following ways:-
* As the future tense of past in the indirect speech.
Example :-
• He said that he would go there.
• He told me that he would tell a lie.

* To express past Habit:-

• After lunch he would have a short nap.
• She would sit for hours in her garden and knit.
• My grandmother would always bring sweets for us.

* To express polite request (in interrogative sentences)

• Would you please lend me your book?
• Would you take a cup of tea?

* To express Wish:-
• I wish that he would meet his old friends again .
• I wish that I would become a millionaire
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 • I wish I would see her again.

* For choice:- (Would + Like)

• Would you like to stay with me ?
• Which music would you like to listen?
I would like to listen the Indian music.
• Would you like to speak with the principal?

* Would Have + V3 (This form is used to express the non-performance of the action in the past)
• You would have given money to your friend when he was in need.

❖ Should:-
Should is the past form of shall. It is used in the following ways:
* To express the future in the past tense:-
Example :-
• I told him that I should do the work the next day.
• I said that I should report for duty on Friday.
•
* To express Duty/Obligation / Advice/Suggestion:
• We should speak the truth.
• One should love one’s country.
• Everyone should keep its promise.
• You should not laugh at his mistakes.

* Should Have + V3 (This form is used to express the non-performance of the action in the past)
• You should have left a message.
• I should have stood by my brother.

❖ Can:-
* To express ability, possibility
• a. Ability:-
o Can you speak English ?
o I can drive that car.
o We can write Kashmiri.
• b. Possibility:-
o Everyone can make a mistake.
o Electricity can be dangerous.

* To express Permission:- (Younger and agemates)

• You can stop work early today.
• You can sleep in that room, if you want.

❖ Could:-
* To express the ability/power/capacity in past.
• My brother could drive a car at the age of 16.
• When I was a child, I could talk hours with my friends.
• I could outrun him, when I was young.

* For Polite request or Permission (In interrogative sense)

• Could you go with your brother to the hospital?
• Could I pick a dozen roses from the garden?
• Could I ask you something? (Yes, You can)
• Could I sit here?

* Could have + V3
• The police could have arrested him.

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 • You could not have quarreled with you friends.

❖ May
May:- is used mainly to talk about the chances of something.
* To express Possibility/uncertainty
• It may rain all afternoon.
• It may be true.
• Your uncle may come tomorrow.

* To express Wish, pray, bless, curse in optative sentence

• May you have a happy and long life!
• May you enjoy marital happiness!
• May god with you!

* To introduce a permission
• May I open the window?
• May I borrow your book for a while?

❖ Might

Might:- is the part from of May

• He might come yesterday.
• It might rain last night.

* To express remote possibility in place of ‘May’

• He might be sleeping now.
• She might come anytime.

*Might have + V3
• He might have failed.
• He might not have performed in the last show.

❖ Must:-
* To express compulsion/ Necessity/ strong moral duty/ advice.
• You must give up smoking.
• The students must bring their books daily.
• We must pay our income tax without delay.
• One must keep one’s promise.

* Determination/ written orders/ certainty/.

• I must have my money back.
• The judge must be upright (honest)
• Workers must be at their duty on Sunday next.
• You must finish the work by tomorrow.

Must have + V3
• You must have followed instructions.
• I must have helped him.

Have to/ Has to/ Had to:-

Used as the same sense of ‘must’. They also express obligation (In past, Present & Future)

• You have to go to bed.

• He has not to meet you now.
• I have to get up early in the morning.
• I had to leave for Delhi yesterday.

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 ❖ Ought to
Ought to:- It is normally used for ‘should & Must’ when there is strong sense of moral duty advice or indication of
correct action.

* To express Duty or Moral Obligation:-

• We ought to help those who are in need.
• You ought not to make a noise in the class.
• We ought to serve our motherland.

* Ought to have + V3 :- This construction is used in relation to past action of duty that was not fulfilled or
neglected in the past.
• You ought not to have smoked in the bus.
• He ought to have visited his brother yesterday.

❖ Used to
Used to:- used to/ used to be expressed a past habit or state which has ceased now.
• I used to play football at school.
• We used to play ludo when we were young.
• Her hair used to be long in her youth.
•
❖ Need:-
* Need is used as a main verb in the meaning of ‘require to’/ necessary in both in singular and plural form.
• I need a book.
• He needs to go there.
• You need some money.

* Need is used in past tense but not in continuous tense.

• He needed to talk to her.
• I needed his permission to write this book.

* ‘To’ is not used with ‘need’ when it is used in ‘Negative & Interrogative sense’
• He need not go there again.
• I need not help you.
• Need she go there?
• Need he meet his boss?

* Need not + have + V3 :- used for an action which was not necessary but was performed
• You need not have gone there.
• Rohit need not have phoned her yesterday.

❖ Dare
Dare:- ‘Dare’ can be treated as an auxiliary or as an ordinary verb. As an auxiliary verb it is used mainly in the
negative and the interrogative form with direct infinitive.
• He dares to abuse his rivals
• They dare to go to that house.

* Dare is used in Past tense but not in continuous tense.

• He dared to outside then.
• You dared to come here yesterday.

* ‘To’ is not used with Dare in Negative & Interrogative sense.

• We dare not celebrate our party here.
• Dare they come again?

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 Spotting Errors

1.(a) If your jogging clothes/(b) were not made of/ (c) permeable fabric you will drown/(d) in your sweat/(e) No
error
2. (a) It is very cold here/ (b) I should bring/(c) my woolen clothes but I didn’t/ (d)No error
3. (a) We ought to/(b) honest / (c) in our dealings/(d) N.E
4. (a) If you get good marks/ (b) I shall happy(c) / as much as you/ (d)No error
5. (a) When you were young/(b) you ought to learn/(c) good habits/(d) No error
6. (a) The police think/ (b) that Neena maybe there/(c) yesterday at/(d) the time of murder/ (e) No error
7. (a) Can you please help/ (b) my son in/(c) getting a job ? /(d) No error
8. (a) Before you started/ (b) you must check your purse/ (c) No error
9. (a) “He may live long”/ (b) his sad mother/ (c) prayed/(d) No error
10. (a) He dare/(b) not to/ (c) go there/ (d)No error
11. (a) Harish needs not/ (b) come here as(c) / it is getting dark/(d) No error
12. (a) When I was young/(b) I can run/(c) faster than Mohan/(d) No error
13. (a) Rama must not to/ (b) have treated his mistress/ (c) like that/ (d)No error
14. (a) The old lady/(b) prayed that he/ (c) may live long/ (d)No error
15. (a) Waste material/ (b) should be recycle/(c) if possible/(d) No error
16. (a) She would broke/(b) a plate everyday/ (c) when she came to Delhi last month/ (d)No error
17. (a) I use to/ (b) play hockey/(c) when I was ten year old/ (d)No error
18. (a) Run fast/ (b) lest you/ (c) will miss the train/(d) No error
19. (a) Since the keys/(b) are with my brother/(c) I cannot lend you money/ (d)No error
20. (a) You ought to/ (b) stood by your sister/ (c) when she was in difficulties/ (d)No error
21. (a) Should I/(b) go out?/ (c) asked her son/(d) No error
22. (a) He remembered/ (b) that his visa/ (c) will be expired/(d) in a month/ (e) No error
23. (a) When the dentist came/(b) my tooth stopped aching/ (c) out of fear that/(d) I might lose my tooth/(e) No
error
24. (a) Had the function/ (b) not been postponed/(c) because of the strike/(d) she may have been able to
participate/(e) No error
25. (a) It is ten/(b) the teacher must/ (c) be in the class/ (d) No error.

Answer Key

1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.A
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.B

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 9. Conjunction
Definitions :- Conjunctions are joining words as they join either two sentence or two subjects .

Type conjunctions :

1. Conjunction of addition :- and , both….and , as well as , besides , not only ….. but also
2. Conjunction of place :- Where , wherever , whence
3. Conjunction of time :- When , whenever , as soon as , After , Before , As long As , No Sooner ,
than , till , while , since
4. Conjunction of Cause and Reason :- As , Because , since , for
5. Conjunction of Conclusion :- Therefore , so , thus , hence
6. Conjunction of Result :- So ….. that , such ………that
7. Conjunction of Purpose :- So that , that , in order that , lest
8. Conjunction of Condition :-if , unless , whether …. or
9. Conjunction of contrast :- But , still , yet , though , although , even if , even though , only
10. Conjunction of Comparison : - than , as ……as, not so ….. as
11. Conjunction of choice – either …..or , neither …nor , otherwise , else , not …or

➢ RULES → Do’s and Don’ts

Rule 1:- Both….And : Use the conjunction both followed by its proper correlative and. Place both immediately
before the words to which it refers.
Example :- Both John as well his father were present. (wrong) Say – Both John and his father were present. Lions
are both found in Africa and in India. (wrong) Say – Lions are found both in Africa and in India. Both John and his
father were not present there. (Wrong. Both has a positive sense and cannot be used in the negative sense. Use
neither……..nor).

Rule 2:- though/but Do not use though and but together.

Example :- Though he is hard-working, but he cannot pass this year. (Wrong. Omit ‘but’)

Rule 3:- Hardly / scarcely / barley are followed by when and not by but, than, or that :
Example :- He had scarcely reached his home than it began to rain. (wrong) Say – he had scarcely reached his
home when it began to rain. Hardly had I finished one set of papers when (or before) another set arrived.

Rule 4:- No sooner is followed by than.

Example :- No sooner did he finish his speech than the audience began applauding.

Rule 5:- other/than :After the adjective other, the only word that can be correctly used is than.
Example :- He had no other object but to get back his money. (wrong. Change ‘but’ to ‘than’). She had no other
claim to the post except her good looks. (wrong) Change ‘except’ to ‘than’)

Rule 6:- Not only…. but also: While using not only….But also take care to see that, they are followed by the words
of the same part of speech.
Example :- He not only lost his ticket, but also his luggage. (Wrong. For ‘not only’ is followed by lost which is a
verb and but also by his a pronoun. Correct the sentence by placing not only before his ticket.) Say – He lost not
only his ticket but also his luggage.

Rule7:- Unless, until, if…... not, lest, no sooner, Hardly / scarcely / barley : should not be followed by not.
Example :- Unless you do not work hard you will fail in the examination (wrong). Say – Unless you work hard you
will fail in the examination.

Rule 8:- lest expresses a negative purpose ,(so that ….not) and therefore it should not be followed by not.

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Example :- Walk slowly, lest you should not fall. (wrong) Omit ‘not’. Also note that lest takes ‘should’. He fled,
lest he should be killed.

Rule 9:- When suppose is used in the beginning of a sentence, it is not followed by if.
Example :- Supposing if he comes to your house, how will you face him? (Wrong. Omit if)

Rule 10:- When the conjunctions when, while, before, till, after are used in subordinate sentences with reference to
some future event, they are not followed by a verb in the future tense, even when the verb in the principal clause is
in the future tense.
Example :- When I shall see her, I will give her your message (wrong. Omit shall). Before you will come, he will
have left the station (wrong. Say before you come….)

Rule 11:- The word reason is not followed by because, but by that.
Example :- The reason why he didn’t go was that his mother was ill.

Rule 12:- Words such as regard, describe, define, treat, mention, depict, potray are followed by as.
Example :- I regard her as my sister. He was treated as a slave.

Rule 13:- Seldom or never and seldom if ever are both correct, but seldom or ever is incorrect.
Example :- He seldom or never goes to see movies in theatre.

Rule 14:- Nothing else should be followed by but, not by than.

Example :- It is nothing else but your carelessness, that you have failed in the exams.

Rule 15:- The same conjunction cannot do the function of two adjectives, one of which is comparative and the
other positive.
Example :- She is a good, if not better than her sister (wrong). Say – She is a good as, if not better than her sister.

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. a) You are quite cynical/ (b) when you say that the reason why we have/ (c) such a large turnout is because we
are serving refreshments./(d) No error.
2. (a) That store/ (b) hadn’t hardly/ (c) any of those goods./ (d) No error.
3. (a) I needed that money/ (b) so desperately, it was/ (c) like manna from heaven when it arrived./(d) No error.
4. (a) The period/ (b) between 1980 to 1990/ (c) was very significant in my life./(d) No error.
5. (a)No sooner had the hockey match started/(b)when it began/(c) to rain./(d)No error.
6. (a)She is very/(b)beautiful/(c)but intelligent./(d)No error.
7. (a) Your success in the IAS examinations depends not only on/ (b) what papers you have selected/(c) but on how
you have written them/(d)No error.
8. (a) No sooner had/ (b) he arrived then/ (c) he was asked to leave again./(d) No error.
9. (a) I haven’t been/ (b) to New York before and/ (c) neither my sister./(d) No error.
10. (a)Scarcely had/(b)I arrived than/(c)the train left./(d)No error.
11. (a) The reason why/ (b) he was rejected/ (c) was because he was too young./ (d) No error.
12. (a) Unless you do not give/ (b) the keys of the safe/ (c) you will be shot./(d) No error.
13. (a)Such was his / b) condition as everybody / c) began to pity him / d) No Error .
14. (a)I have found that he is/(b)neither willing/(c)or capable./(d)No error.
15. (a) Ankita brought /b) some books / c) pens and bags etc / c) from the market / D) No error .
16. (a) When her son got a job/ (b) then she was/ (c) very happy./ (d) No error.
17. (a) Although Parveen / b) is suffering a lot / c) but she keeps smiling / d) No Error .
18. (a) Both Anil as well as / b) his friends are equally / c) efficient in doing this work / d) NO error
19. (a) He walked as faster/ (b) as he could so that/ (c) he would not miss the train to work./(d) No error.
20. (a) A Cement mixer / b) agitates the cement / c) until it is / d) not ready to pour / e) No Error .
21. (a) No sooner had the teacher/ (b) enter the class/ (c) than the students stood up./(d) No error.
22. (a) Unless/ (b) you will work hard,/(c) you cannot pass./ (d) No error.
23.(a)Keep him at an arm's length/(b)lest you may not repent/(c)in the long run./ (d)No error.
24. (a) The briefing/ (b) will be held/ (c) between 2 P.M. to 3 P.M./ (d) No error.
25.(a) Unless you do not meet/ (b) all the requirements of / (c) your application will be rejected./ (d) No error

Answer Key

1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.D
21.B 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.A

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 10. Narration
Narration word is describe the meaning narrate.
Narrate means ‘to say’.

➢ Direct speech:- When an audience expresses the statement of the speaker is called the Direct speech.

Example:-
• Sweta said, “I am busy”.
• He said, “I am hungry”.

➢ Indirect speech:- When an audience expresses the statement of the speaker in the own language is called

Chart:- (I)
Tense Changed into
Simple Present Tense (V1,+ s /es) simple past tense (V2)
Present continuous (is, am, are, + V1+ ing) Past continuous (was, were+ V1+ ing)
Present perfect (Has, Have+V3) Past perfect (Had+V3)
Present Perfect continuous (has, have+been+ V1 + ing) Past Perfect continuous (had been + V1 + ing)
Simple past (V2) Past perfect (had+ V3)
Past continuous (was, were + V1+ ing) Past Perfect continuous (had been + V1+ ing)
Past perfect No change
Past perfect continuous
Indirect speech.

Example:-
• Sweta said that She was busy
• He said that he was hungry.
Example:-
• He said to me, “I help you”.
• He told me that he helped me.
• He said to me, “You are late”.
• He told me that I was late.

• You said, “she wrote a letter”.

• You said that she had written a letter”.
Example:-
(1) Mohan says, “I shall go there”.
Present tense future tense
Mohan says that he will go there.

(2) He will say to me, “ I am your neighbour”.

Future tense Present tense

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 He will tell me that he is my neighbour
Future tense Present tense

Example :-
• He said to me, “ I write a letter.”
• He told me that he wrote a letter
•
• He said to sneha,” I am doing my work.”
• He told sneha that he was doing his work.

• He said to me, “they have never helped me.”

• He told me that they had never helped him.

• He said,” I have been waiting for you for two hours.”

• He said that he had been waiting for me for two hours.

• He said, “I went to Patna.”

• He said that he had gone to Patna.

• Mr. Pandey said to me, “You had finished your work.”

• Mr. Pandey told me that I had finished my work.

• Sudhir said to me, “You had been writing a letter for three hours.”
• Sudhir told me that I had been writing a letter for three hours.

➢ Rule III: If ‘Reported verb’ is in ‘Past tense’ and ‘Reported speech’ is in ‘Future tense’ then the sentence
will be changed in ‘Indirect speech’.

Direct speech Indirect speech

Say to, says to Tell, Tells
Said to Told
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Thus So
To-day That day
To-night That night
This (day, month, week, year) That (day, month, week, year)
This night That night
Tomorrow The next day, the following day
Yesterday The previous day, the day before
The day before Yesterday Two days before
The day after Tomorrow In two days time
Last (week, month, year, night etc.) The previous month year, week night etc)/the week before
Next (week, month, year, night, day) The following (week, months, year, night, day)
Come Go
Ago Before
Can, May Could, Might
Must Have to, Has to, Had to

Example :-
• Sudhir said to Kapil, ‘You went to the market yesterday’.
• Sudhir told Kapil that he had gone to the market the previous day.

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 • He said to me , “ I shall write a letter “.
• He told me that he would write a letter

• He said to me , “ I shall be writing a letter “ .

• He told me that he would be writing a letter .

• This morning she said, “I will go out today.”

• This morning she said that she would go out that day.

• They said, “It might rain the previous day.”

• They said that it might rain the previous day.

• He Said to me , “ I shall write a letter “.

• He told me that he would write a letter .

• He said to me, “They Can solve this problem now.”

• He told me that they could solve that problem then.

• You said to him, “He had helped me the last week.”

• You told him that he had helped you the previous week.

• The carpenter said to me, “I shall some here the next morning”.
• The carpenter told me that he would go there the following morning.

➢ Rule (IV) Exception:- If ‘Reporting verb’ is in ‘Present indefinite tense’ and ‘Proverbs, Habitual actions,
Universal truth and Principle are expressed in Reporting speech’ Then the tense is not changed in indirect
speech.

Example:-
• He said, “We are mortal”
• He said that we are mortal.
•
• He said, “I go to temple daily.”
• He said that he goes to temple daily.

• The teacher said, “Two and two makes four.”

• The teacher said that two and two makes four.

• He said, “Time and tide wait for no man.”

• He said that time and tide wait for no man.
.
Interrogative sentences/Questions
Rule (I):-
Question

He said to me, “Are you a student?” He said to me, “When will you return?”

He asked me whether I was a student. He asked me when I would return

➢ Rules for Interrogative sentences to be converted to Indirect from Direct speech.

1. Change “said to” into asked, questioned, inquired or interrogated.

Example:-
• Shobha said to me, “Did you teach my sister?”
• Shobha asked me if / whether I had taught her sister.

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 • He said to us, “Are you going away today?”
• He asked us if/whether we were going away that day.

• The teacher said to me, “How old are you?”

• The teacher asked me how old I was.

• I asked, “What happened?”

• I asked what had happened.

Imperative sentences:-
Chart:-
Verbs
1. Advise 6. Warn
2. Offer 7. Impore, Entreat, Urge, Request
3. Beg 8. Command
4. Order 9. Forbade.
5. Request

Example :-
• He said to me, “Have a cup of coffee”.
• He offered me to have a cup of coffee.
• My father said, “Binay, do as I say”.
• My father asked Binay to do as he said.
• The doctor said, “Walk in the morning”.
• The doctor advised me to walk in the morning.
• He said to the teacher, “Sir, kindly help me”.
• He requested the teacher respectfully to help him.

Negative Imperative sentence:-

Example:-
• He said to me, “Don’t open the door”.
• He asked me not to open the door. OR
• He told me not to open the door.

• He said to me, “Don’t come here”.

• He forbade me to come there.

• He said, “Don’t call the witness now”.

• He ordered not to call witness then.

➢ When the ‘Impetative sentence’ starts from ‘let’ and the sentence shows the suggestion/proposal in Direct
speech. Then this rule follows in Indirect speech.
Rule:-
• ‘said to’ changed into proposed/suggested.

Example:-
• Mohan said to this friends, “Let us go to the cinema.
• Mohan suggested/proposed his friends that we/they should go to the cinema.

• The children said, “Let us play together”.

• The children suggested/proposed that we/they should play together.

* Rules of Imperative sentences pronouns of Nominative case- I, She, He, It etc.

1. ‘Said to’ is changed into wished

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Example :-
• Vivek said, “Let me go out”.
• Vivek wished that he should go out.

• You said, “Let me do what I like”.

• You wished that you should do what you liked.

Opative sentence:-

Chart:- Verbs
Prays, Bless, Curse, Wish

Rules for opative sentences to be converted to ‘Indirect speech’ from ‘Direct speech’.

1. Change said to into, ‘Prayed/Blessed/Cursed/Wished

2. Conjunction that is used.

Example :-
• She said, “May god bless you!”
• She prayed that god might bless him.

• They said to him, “May you Die!”

• They cursed him that he might die.

• We said, “God save the president!”

• We prayed that god might save the president.

• You said to me, “You be happy!”

• You wished me that I might be happy.

Exclamatory sentences:-
• She said, “Alas! I am undone”.
• She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
•
* Rules for changing exclamatory sentences form Direct to Indirect speech.
Chart:-

Words English meanings

1. said+ Hurrah!, Bravo!, Hurray!, Wow! Joy, Approval
2. said+ oh!, Alas!, Ah!, oh dear! Sorrow
3. said+ My goodness!, god gracious!, My god Surprise! , shock
4. Said+ Well done! Praise/Appland
5. Good morning!, Happy holi!, Wish, Bid
6. Good night!, good bye! Bade

* Conjunction ‘that’ will replace comma and inverted commas.

* ‘Exclaimed with’ is used in the place of said to in Indirect speech.
* Tense and pronoun change according to rules.

Example:-

• He said, “Ah! My dog is dead”.

• He exclaimed with sorrow that his dog was dead.

• She said, “What a beautiful sight!”

• She exclaimed with joy/surprise that it was a beautiful sight.

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 • She said, “Happy Diwali!”
• She wished me happy Diwali.

• She said, “thank you!”

• She thanked me.

• He said, “Bravo! You have done well!”

• He applauded him saying that he had done well.

Spotting Errors

1. (a) He told us/ (b) that/ (c) he has not read the book/ (d) No error
2. (a) The principal said/ (b) that the gates should/ (c) be locked as the classes have started. (d) N.E
3. (a) The principal said/ (b) with joy that/ (c) they have won the match/ (d) N.E
4. (a) She requested me/ (b) to wait for her/ (c) until she returns from school/ (d) N.E
5. (a) She said that she was going to/ (b) theatre and wanted to know that I could/ (c) company her (d) N.E
6. (a) She says that I studied/ (b) hard so that I/ (c) may get good marks/ (d) N.E
7. (a) My teacher wanted to know/ (b) If I had done/ (c) the homework or not/ (d) N.E
8. (a) My father wanted to know/ (b) that if I work for the/ (c) betterment of mankind, god would certainly do good
to me/ (d) N.E
9. (a) The government warned the multiplexes that if/ (b) they continue charging prices higher than MRP, their/ (c)
licences would be cancelled/ (d) N.E
10. (a) My friend asked me/ (b) what could she do/ (c) for me in that critical situation/ (d) N.E
11. (a) He asked me/ (b) why had I gone to office/ (c) when I knew here would be fewer buses on road that day/ (d)
N.E
12. (a) I suggested that she should/ (b) stay at home if it/ (c) rained but she does not give any answer/ (d) N.E
13. (a) When my boss said/ (b) that he was coming to see/ (c) me the next day, I wondered what problem he will
have with me/ (d) N.E
14. (a) She requested him/ (b) to take her to the doctor/ (c) as she has very high fever/ (d) N.E
15. (a) He exclaimed with sorrow/ (b) that his father died just two/ (c) months before/ (d) N.E
16. (a) The father forbade his son/ (b) not to make the/ (c) same mistakes again/ (d) N.E
17. (a) Mother allowed me to/ (b) go wherever/ (c) I want/ (d) N.E
18. (a) The teacher asked the little boy/ (b) If he knows the/ (c) correct answer to the question/ (d) N.E
19. (a) She exclaimed with surprise/ (b) that/ (c) how tall has she grown/ (d) N.E
20. (a) She ordered the servant shut/ (b) the door/ (c) and leave the room/ (d) N.E

Answer Key

1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B
11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A

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 Practice Exercise

CGL 2021 Tier 1

1 “Everything is going to be alright,” said the doctor. CGL 13/8/2021 (Morning)
a) The doctor said that everything are going to be alright.
b) The doctor said that everything is going to be alright.
c) The doctor said that everything will be alright.
d) The doctor said that everything was going to be alright.

2 “Is he alright now?” I asked my neighbour’s wife about her husband, Mr. Gulyani. CGL 13/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) I asked Mrs. Gulyani, my neighbour's wife, if her husband was alright then.
b) I asked Mrs. Gulyani, my neighbour's wife, if her husband is alright now.
c) I asked Mrs. Gulyani, my neighbour's wife, if your husband will be alright now.
d) I asked Mrs. Gulyani, my neighbour's wife, if her husband had become alright then.

3 “Read the instructions before you start making the dish,” Deepa's mother said to her. CGL 13/8/2021 (Evening)
a) Deepa's mother told to her to read the instructions before you start making the dish.
b) Deepa's mother told her to read the instructions before you had made the dish.
c) Deepa's mother told her to read the instructions before she started making the dish.
d) Deepa's mother said her to read the instructions before she start making the dish.

4 "Whom did you see at the shopping mall today?” I asked my daughter. CGL 16/8/2021 (Morning)
a) I asked my daughter who she has seen at the shopping mall today.
b) I asked my daughter that whom did she saw at the shopping mall that day.
c) I asked my daughter that whom she saw at the shopping mall on that day.
d) I asked my daughter whom she had seen at the shopping mall that day.

5 The teacher said, “Man is mortal.” CGL 16/8/2021 (Afternoon)

a) The teacher said that men were mortal.
b) The teacher instructed that man was mortal.
c) The teacher said that man was mortal.
d) The teacher said that man is mortal.

6 "Is the door closed?" Alka asked Tarun. CGL 16/8/2021 (Evening)
a) Alka asked Tarun is the door close.
b) Alka asked Tarun if the door is closed.
c) Alka asked Tarun whether she closed the door.
d) Alka asked Tarun whether the door was closed.

7 “How beautiful she is!” said Betty. CGL 17/8/2021 (Morning)

a) Betty exclaimed with joy how beautiful she is.
b) Betty exclaimed with joy she is very beautiful.
c) Betty exclaimed with joy how beautiful she was.
d) Betty exclaimed with joy that she was very beautiful.

8 I'll see you later," she said. CGL 17/8/2021 (Afternoon)

a) She said that she will be able to see you later.
b) She said that she will see you later.
c) She said that she would be seeing me later.
d) She said that she would see me later.

9 “I will work hard to get the first rank in class,” said Rohan. CGL 17/8/2021 (Evening)
a)Rohan said that he should work hard to get the first rank in class.
b) Rohan said that he could work hard to get the first rank in class.
c) Rohan said that he ought to work hard to get the first rank in class.
d) Rohan said that he would work hard to get the first rank in class.

10 Sneha said to me, “I was watching TV.” CGL 18/8/2021 (Morning)

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a) Sneha told me that she was watching TV.
b) Sneha said to me that I was watching TV.
c) Sneha told me that she had been watching TV.
d) Sneha told me that I was watching TV.

11.The policeman said, “It is clear that this is the work of a professional robber. CGL 18/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) The policeman said that It had been clearly the work of a professional robber.
b) The policeman said it was clear that is the work of a professional robber.
c) The policeman said that it was clear that that was the work of a professional robber.
d) The policeman said that it must be clear that this was the work of a professional robber.

12 Raj said to his friend, “Please help me in this task.”CGL 18/8/2021 (Evening)
a) Raj ordered his friend to help him in this task
b) Raj threatened his friend to help him in this task
c) Raj said to his friend please help me in this task
d) Raj requested his friend to help him in that task

13 The professor said to the media persons, “From our research we have come to the conclusion that there is life on
that planet.” CGL 20/8/2021 (Morning)
a) The professor told to the media persons that from your research you have come to the conclusion that there is life
on that planet.
b)The professor informed the media persons that from our research we have come to the conclusion that there had
been life on that planet research they had come to the conclusion that there was life on that planet.
c) The professor said to the media persons from our research you had come to the conclusion that there was life on that planet.

14 Kamal said, “I have done my work.”

CGL 20/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) Kamal said I have done my work.
b) Kamal said that he has done his work.
c) Kamal said that I have done my work.
d) Kamal said that he had done his work.

15 The French scientist said, “I want to study how bees and wasps find their way home.” CGL 20/8/2021 (Evening)
a) The French scientist said that he wants to study how bees and wasps found your way home.
b) The French scientist said that I want to study how bees and wasps found their way home.
c) The French scientist said that I wanted to study how bees and wasps find their way home.
d) The French scientist said that he wanted to study how bees and wasps found their way home.

16. The counter clerk asked the visitor, “What is your name?” CGL 23/8/2021 (Morning)
a) The counter clerk asks the visitor your name.
b) The counter clerk asked the visitor his name.
c) The counter clerk is asking the visitor your name.
d) The counter clerk has asked the visitor his name.

17. “Alas, I have broken my brother’s watch!” said he. CGL 23/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) He exclaimed with sorrow that he had broken his brother’s watch.
b) He exclaimed with sorrow that he has broken his brother’s watch.
c) He exclaimed with sorrow I have broken my brother’s watch.
d) He exclaimed with sorrow that he may have broken his brother’s watch.

18. Kruti asked Gopal, “Have you heard the news about the inauguration of the new bridge?” CGL 23/8/2021
(Evening)
a) Kruti asked Gopal if they have heard the news about the inauguration of the new bridge.
b) Kruti asked Gopal if you have hear the news about the inauguration of the new bridge.
c) Kruti asked Gopal if he had heard the news about the inauguration of the new bridge.
d) Kruti asked to Gopal you have heard the news about the inauguration of the new bridge.

19."I live in Mumbai," she said. CGL 24/8/2021 (Morning)

a) She says that she was living in Mumbai.
b) She said that she had been living in Mumbai.
c) She said that she has been living in Mumbai.

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d) She said that she lived in Mumbai.

20. He said to me, "It was raining all day." CGL 24/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) He told me it was raining all day.
b) He told me it has been raining all day.
c) He told me it is raining all day.
d) He told me that it had been raining all day.

21 Nelson said, “I was playing cricket.” CGL 24/8/2021 (Evening)

a) Nelson said that he was playing cricket.
b) Nelson said that he had been playing cricket.
c) Nelson said I was playing cricket.
d) Nelson said that I was playing cricket.

CHSL 2021 Tier 1

22 The gardener said to the children, “Please do not pluck any flowers.” CHSL 12/4/2021 (Morning)
a) The gardener requested the children not to pluck any flowers.
b) The gardener told to the children to kindly not pluck any flowers.
c) The gardener ordered the children to not pluck any flowers.
d) The gardener requested to the children please do not pluck any flowers.

23 “I like having South Indian breakfast,” said Arun to the receptionist. CHSL 12/4/2021 (Afternoon)
a) Arun tells the receptionist that he has liked South Indian breakfast.
b) Arun told the receptionist that he liked having South Indian breakfast.
c) Arun is telling the receptionist that he likes South Indian breakfast.
d) Arun told the receptionist that he will like South Indian breakfast.

24 “Where did the children leave their record books?” the sports coach asked the class prefect. CHSL 12/4/2021
(Evening)
a) The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children leave their record books.
b) The sports coach asked the class prefect where have the children left their record books.
c) The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children had left their record books.
d) The sports coach asked the class prefect where the children are leaving their record books.

25 Mother said to Megha, “Leave for your office now.” CHSL 13/4/2021 (Morning)
a) Mother told Megha to leave for your office now.
b) Mother said to Megha leave for her office then.
c) Mother told to Megha to leave for her office now.
d) Mother told Megha to leave for her office then.

26 The policeman said to the Inspector, "I arrested a man who broke the window of a car." CHSL 13/4/2021
(Afternoon)
a) The policeman told the inspector that he had arrested a man who broke the window of a car.
b) The policeman told the inspector that he arrested a man who broke the window of a car.
c) The policeman told the inspector that he had arrested a man who had broken the window of a car.
d) The policeman told the inspector that I arrested a man who broke the window of a car.

27 His father said to him, "I cannot allow you to waste my hard-earned money.' CHSL 13/4/2021 (Evening)
a) His father told him that he cannot allow you to waste his hard-earned money.
b) His father told him that I cannot allow you to waste my hard-earned money.
c) His father told him that he could not allow him to waste his hard-earned money.
d) His father told him that he could not allow you to waste his hard-earned money.

28 Sam said, "Pa, I am a big boy now and don't need to drink milk." CHSL 15/4/2021 (Morning)
a) Sam told his father that he was a big boy then and didn't need to drink milk.
b) Sam told his father that I would be a big boy now and won't need to drink milk.
c) Sam told his father that he is a big boy now and don't need to drink milk.
d) Sam told his father that I am a big boy now and don't need to drink milk.

29 “Let’s not have non-vegetarian meals in summer,” Aruna said to her son. CHSL 15/4/2021 (afternoon)
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a) Aruna will suggest to her son that they should not have non-vegetarian meals in summer.
b) Aruna suggested to her son that they should not have non-vegetarian meals in summer.
c) Aruna has been suggesting to her son that they should not have non-vegetarian meals in summer.
d) Aruna suggesting to her son that we should not have non-vegetarian meals in summer.

30 I said to the bank manager, "I have forgotten my account number." CHSL 15/4/2021 (Evening)
a) I told the bank manager that I had forgotten my account number.
b) I said to the bank manager that I have forgotten his account number.
c) I said to the bank manager that he had forgotten his account number.
d) I informed the bank manager that I forgot the account number.

31 “I am going to walk to the market to check which shops are open,” said Anant. CHSL 16/4/2021 (Morning)
a) Anant said that he was going to walk to the market to check which shops were open.
b) Anant said that he is going to walk to the market to check which shops were open.
c) Anant said that he went for a walk to the market to check which shops were open.
d) Anant said that he will be going to walk to the market to check which shops were open.

32 Netra says that the flowers look beautiful. CHSL 16/4/2021 (afternoon)
a) Netra says, “The flowers looks beautiful.”
b) Netra said, “The flowers are looking beautiful.”
c) Netra says, “The flowers look beautiful.”
d) Netra says, “The flower have looked beautiful.”

33 They said that they would issue the certificate the following week. CHSL 16/4/2021 (Evening)
a) They said, “They issued the certificate the following week.”
b) They said, “They are issuing the certificate the next week.”
c) They said, “Could we issue the certificate the following week?”
d) They said, “We will issue the certificate next week.”

34 He said to his sister, “Please help me with my homework.” CHSL 19/4/2021 (Morning)
a) His sister told him that he should help her with her homework.
b) He requested his sister to help him with his homework.
c) His sister was asked by her brother that she should help him with his homework.
d) He told his sister that she should help him with his homework.

35 Dr. Chanda said, “I will definitely write about this case in the medical journal.” CHSL 19/4/2021 (afternoon)
a). Dr. Chanda said that I will definitely write about this case in the medical journal.
b). Dr. Chanda said that she will definitely write about this case in the medical journal.
c). Dr. Chanda said that she would definitely write about that case in the medical journal.
d). Dr. Chanda said that she would definitely be writing about this case in the medical journal.

36 The yoga instructor said to us, “Doing yoga daily will help you to develop a healthy mind and body." CHSL
19/4/2021 (Evening)
a) The yoga instructor said to us that daily yoga will help us to develop a healthy mind and body.
b) The yoga instructor was told them that daily yoga would help them to develop a healthy mind and body.
c) The yoga instructor said to us that doing daily yoga will be helping us to develop a healthy mind and body.
d) The yoga instructor told us that doing yoga daily would help us to develop a healthy mind and body.

37 Anju said to Vijaya, "You can stay with us whenever you are in Delhi." CHSL 4/8/2021 (Morning)
a) Anju told Vijaya that she could stay with them whenever she was in Delhi.
b) Anju told Vijaya that she could stay with them whenever you were in Delhi.
c) Anju told Vijaya that she can stay with us whenever she is in Delhi.
d) Anju told Vijaya that you can stay with us whenever you are in Delhi.

38 She said to her friend, “Will you take my dog for a walk?” CHSL 4/8/2021 (afternoon)
a) She asked her friend that if she will take her dog for a walk.
b) She asked her friend will she take her dog for a walk.
c) She asked her friend if she would take her dog for a walk.
d) She asked to her friend if she would take my dog for a walk.

39 My friends say that many young people are very active on social media now. CHSL 4/8/2021 (Evening)
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a) My friends say, “Many young people were very active on social media now.”
b). My friends said, “Many young people were very active on social media then.”
c). My friends say, “Many young people are very active on social media now.”
d). My friends are saying, “Many young people are very active on social media then.”

40 The students asked the teacher where they could find the information for their project. CHSL 5/8/2021
(Morning)
a) The students said to the teacher, “Where can you find the information for our project?”
b) The students asked the teacher, “Where can we find the information for our project?”
c) The teacher said to the students, “Where you can find the information for your project.”
d) The teacher said to the students, “I will tell you where you can find the information for your project.”

41 Neil Armstrong said, “It’s a small step for man but a giant leap for mankind.” CHSL 5/8/2021 (afternoon)
a) Neil Armstrong said that a small step for man can be giant leap for mankind.
b) Neil Armstrong had said that a small step for man is a giant leap for mankind.
c) Neil Armstrong said that it was a small step for man but a giant leap for mankind.
d) Neil Armstrong says that was a small step for man but a giant leap for mankind.

42 The watchman said, “I did not see anyone last night.” CHSL 5/8/2021 (Evening)
a) The watchman said that he had not seen anyone the previous night.
b) The watchman said that he did not see anyone last night.
c) The watchman said that he did not saw anyone the previous night.
d) The watchman said that I had not seen anyone last night.

43 “I love Bollywood music,” Deepu said to Reena. CHSL 6/8/2021 (Morning)

a) Deepu told Reena that he loved Bollywood music.
b) Deepu will say to Reena that he loved Bollywood music.
c) Deepu says to Reena that he loves Bollywood music.
d) Deepu had told Reena that he loved Bollywood music.

44 “Madam, please watch this program on our folk songs,” says Sitab. CHSL 6/8/2021 (Afternoon)
a) Sitab says Madam is watching the program on our folk songs.
b) Sitab requests Madam to watch that program on their folk songs.
c) Sitab asks Madam have you watched the program on their folk songs.
d) Sitab said to Madam to watch the program on our folk songs.

45 She told the car mechanic that her car was giving very low mileage. CHSL 6/8/2021 (Evening)
a) The car mechanic said to her, “Your car is giving very low mileage.”
b) She said to the car mechanic, “Her car has been giving very low mileage.”
c) She said to the car mechanic, “My car is giving very low mileage.”
d) She asked the car mechanic, “Why is my car giving very low mileage?”

46 My niece said, “I have decided to take coaching in badminton.”CHSL 9/8/2021 (Morning)

a) My niece told me that she had decided to take coaching in badminton.
b) My niece told that I have decided to take coaching in badminton.
c) My niece said she is deciding to take coaching in badminton.
d) My niece said she will decide to take coaching in badminton.

47 The plumber told Ranjit that he had fixed the leaking tap. CHSL 9/8/2021 (afternoon)
a) The plumber told to Ranjit, “He had fixed the leaking tap.”
b) The plumber told Ranjit, “Had he fixed the leaking tap?”
c) The plumber said to Ranjit, “You had fix the leaking tap.”
d) The plumber said to Ranjit, “I have fixed the leaking tap.”

48 The supervisor said to the staff, "Make sure that every room is disinfected properly." CHSL 9/8/2021 (Evening)
a) The supervisor instructed the staff to make sure that every room had been disinfected properly.
b) The supervisor instructed the staff to make sure that every room was being disinfected properly.
c) The supervisor instructs the staff to make sure that every room is disinfected properly.
d) The supervisor instructed the staff to make sure that every room was disinfected properly.

49 Mother said, “All the guests will arrive tonight.” CHSL 10/8/2021 (Morning)
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a) Mother said that all the guests would arrive that night.
b) Mother said that all the guests will arrive tonight.
c) Mother told that all the guests would arrive tonight.
d) Mother said that all the guests will arrive that night.

50 My mother said to me, "Aravind, the baby has been crying all day." CHSL 10/8/2021 (afternoon)
a) My mother said Aravind that the baby has been crying all the day.
b) My mother told me that the baby had been crying all day.
c) My mother told to Aravind why the baby has been crying all day.
d) Aravind told my mother that the baby had been crying all day.

51 The customer asked the bank manager if they were working on the following Saturday. CHSL 10/8/2021
(Evening)
a) The customer asked the bank manager, “Are they working on the previous Saturday?”
b) The customer said to the bank manager, “Are you working next Saturday?”
c) The customer asks the bank manager, “If you were working on the following Saturday?”
d) The customer said to the bank manager, “Were they working on the previous Saturday?”

52 Sarita said to me, “I’m glad I did not leave my village.” CHSL 11/8/2021 (Morning)
a) Sarita told me she was glad she was not leaving her village.
b) Sarita told me she is glad she had not left her village.
c) Sarita told me I am glad she had not left her village.
d) Sarita told me she was glad she had not left her village.

53 The new employee asked the manager, "When do I have to report for work?" CHSL 11/8/2021 (afternoon)
a) The new employee told the manager that when he had to report for work.
b) The new employee asked the manager when he had to report for work.
c) The manager told the new employee when to report for work.
d) The new manager asked the employee when he would report for work.

54 Mother said to me, “Enjoy your vacation with your friends.” CHSL 11/8/2021 (Evening)
a) Mother told me to enjoy my vacation with my friends.
b) Mother asked me to enjoyed my vacation with my friends.
c) Mother told me that you should enjoy your vacation with your friends.
d) Mother told me that I will enjoy my vacation with my friends.

55 My brother said to me, "Have you read the newspaper today?" CHSL 12/8/2021 (Morning)
a) My brother asked me if you have read the newspaper today.
b) My brother asked me if I had read the newspaper today.
c) My brother asked me if I had read the newspaper that day.
d) My brother asked me have you read the newspaper today.

56 The chemist said to me, "I cannot take these medicines back as they are special medicines." CHSL 12/8/2021
(afternoon)
a) The chemist told me that he cannot take these medicines back as they are special medicines.
b) The chemist told me that he could not take those medicines back as they were special medicines.
c) The chemist told me that I cannot take these medicines back as they are special medicines.
d) The chemist told me that he could not take these medicines back as they are special medicines.

57 "Our teacher returned from Mumbai last month", she said. CHSL 12/8/2021 (Evening)
a) She said that her teacher had returned from Mumbai the earlier month.
b) Her teacher returned from Mumbai last month, she said.
c) She said that their teacher had returned from Mumbai the previous month.
d) She said that her teacher had returned from Mumbai the previous month.

CPO 2021 Tier 2

58.The little girl said that those butterflies were very colourful. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) The little girl said, “Those butterflies were very colourful.”
b) The little girl said, “These butterflies are very colourful.”
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c) The little girl says, “How colourful were these butterflies!’
d) The little girl said, “Are those butterflies very colourful?”

59 He says, “Some goods are of poor quality.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021

a) He says that some goods were of poor quality.
b) He said that some goods are of poor quality.
c) He says that some goods are of poor quality.
d) He said that some goods were of poor quality.

60 He said to me, “What can I do for you?” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021

a) He asked me what I could do for him.
b) He asked me what he could do for me.
c) He asked me that what could I do for you.
d) He asked me what he can do for me.

61 Mother ordered the children to stop playing then. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) Mother said to the children, “Please stop playing then.”
b) Mother said to the children, “Stop playing now.”
c) Mother said to the children, “Don’t play then.”
d) Mother said to the children, “Can you stop playing now?”

62 The manager applauded the salesman and said that his performance had been exceptional. CPO Tier-II
26/07/2021
a) The manager said to the salesman, “Oh! Your performance had been exceptional.”
b) The manager said to the salesman, “Well done! Your performance has been exceptional.”
c) The manager said to the salesman, “Well done! Your performance has being exceptional.”
d) The manager said to the salesman, “Bravo! How exceptional his performance is !”

63 She exclaimed that I had grown very tall. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) She said to me, “How tall I have grown!”
b) She said to me, “How tall are you?”
c) She said to me, “You have grown very tall.”
d) She said to me, “How tall you have grown!”

64 The teacher said, “Too many cooks spoil the broth.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) The teacher said too many cooks spoils the broth.
b) The teacher said that too many cooks spoil the broth.
c) The teacher told too many cooks had spoilt the broth.
d) The teacher said that too many cooks spoiled the broth.

65 The young man exclaimed that it was a great feast. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) The young man said, “ What a great feast it is!”
b) The young man said, “ It has being a great feast!”
c) The young man says, “ It is a great feast.”
d) The young man said, “ Is it a great feast?”

66 The teacher asked the students if they could prepare for the debate by the following week. CPO Tier-II
26/07/2021
a) The teacher said to the students, “Can you prepare for the debate by next week?”
b) The teacher asked to the students, “Could you prepare for the debate by the following week?”
c) The teacher said to the students, “Are you prepared for the debate by next week?”
d) The teacher said to the students, “Will you prepare for the debate by the following week?”

67 She said, “I will finish reading the novel today.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) She said she will finish reading the novel today.
b) She said that she would finish reading the novel that day.
c) She said that I would finish reading the novel today.
d) She said that she will finished reading the novel that day.

68 He told you that he had not known that it was your birthday that day. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) He said to you, “I do not know that it was your birthday that day.”
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b) You said to him, “I do not know that it is your birthday today.”
c) He said to you, “You did not know that it was my birthday today.”
d) He said to you, “I did not know that it is your birthday today.”

69 He said to me, “What a pity! You missed the party.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) He exclaimed that it was a pity I had missed the party.
b) He exclaimed that it was a pity you missed the party.
c) He exclaimed what a pity it was that you missed the party.
d) He told to me that it was a pity I had missed the party.

70 He said to his employee, “Do not provoke me unnecessarily.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) He warned his employee not to provoke him unnecessarily.
b) He requested his employee do not provoke him unnecessarily.
c) He told his employee not to provoke me unnecessarily.
d) He told to his employee to not provoke him unnecessarily.

71 He said, “Manan came to college yesterday.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021

a) He said that Manan had came to college yesterday.
b) He said that Manan had come to college the previous day.
c) He said that Manan came to college the previous day.
d) He said Manan was coming to college yesterday.

72 I said to the postman, “Is there a letter for me?” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) I asked the postman if there was a letter for me.
b) I asked the postman if there is a letter for me.
c) I asked the postman was there a letter for me.
d) I asked the postman that is there a letter for me.

73 The Principal asked Kamal how it was that he was always late for school. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) The Principal said to Kamal, “How it is he was always late for school?”
b) The Principal said to Kamal, “How are you always late for school?”
c) The Principal said to Kamal, “How it was that he was always late for school?”
d) The Principal said to Kamal, “How is it that you are always late for school?”

74. She told me that she had given my message to my mother. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) She said to me, “I gave my message to your mother.”
b) She said to me, “I gave your message to your mother.”
c) She said to me, “She gave my message to my mother.”
d) I said to her, “I gave your message to my mother.”

75 The maid asked me if she could get me a glass of juice. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) The maid said to me, “Can she get me a glass of juice?”
b) The maid said to me, “Can I get you a glass of juice?”
c) The maid said to me, “I can get you a glass of juice.”
d) The maid said to me, “Could you get me a glass of juice?”

76 You said, “I scored four goals.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021

a) You said that you scored four goals.
b) You said that you had scored four goals.
c) You said that you have scored four goals.
d) You said that I had scored four goals.

77 “Let us go to the hills for a vacation,” Mother said to us. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) Mother ordered us to go to the hills for a vacation.
b) Mother said that should we go to the hills for a vacation.
c) Mother suggested that let us go to the hills for a vacation.
d) Mother suggested that we should go to the hills for a vacation.

78 She said to Madhu, “Please post this letter.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) She ordered Madhu that post this letter.
b) She said Madhu to post that letter.
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c) She requested Madhu to post that letter.
d) She told Madhu to post this letter.

79 He told you that he would discuss the matter that evening. CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) He said to you, “I will discuss the matter today evening.”
b) You said to him, “I will discuss the matter this evening.”
c) He told to you, “He will discuss the matter that evening.”
d) You said to him, “He would discuss the matter today evening.”

80 Sania said to me, “Tomorrow is my convocation.” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021

a) Sania told to me that the next day is her convocation.
b) Sania told me that tomorrow was her convocation.
c) Sania told me that the next day was her convocation.
d) I told Sania that her convocation was the next day.

81 I said to my daughter, “Why are you angry with me?” CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021
a) I asked to my daughter why was she angry with me.
b) I asked my daughter why you are angry with me.
c) I asked my daughter why she was angry with me.
d) I said to my daughter that why she was angry with me.

SSC CGL 2020 MAINS

82. I said to Promod, “How did you break your leg?” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a)I asked Promod how he had broken your leg.
b)I asked Promod how he had broken his leg.
c)I asked Promod how did you break your leg.
d)I asked Promod how you broke your leg.

83. The driver said to the passerby, “Do you know the way to the market?” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) The driver asked the passerby if he knew the way to the market.
b) The driver asked the passerby whether you know the way to the market.
c) The driver asked the passerby if he knows the way to the market.
d) The driver asked the passerby did he know the way to the market.

84. Rani said to me, “A monkey bit me in the park.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Rani asked me if a monkey bit me in the park.
b) Rani told me that a monkey bit me in the park.
c) Rani told me that a monkey had bitten her in the park.
d) Rani told me that a monkey has bitten her in the park.

85. Anshul told me that his mother was not at home and that she would be back the following day. SSC CGL Tier
II - 15/11/2020
a) Anshul said to me, “My mother was not at home. She will be back the following day.”
b) Anshul said to me, “My mother is not at home. She will be back tomorrow.”
c) Anshul said to me, “My mother is not at home. She would be back the following day.”
d) Anshul said to me, “His mother was not at home. She would be back tomorrow.”

86. Taru said, “Kavya is going to her grandmother’s house today for the weekend.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Taru said that Kavya is going to her grandmother’s house today for the weekend.
b) Taru said that Kavya has gone to her grandmother’s house that day for the weekend.
c) Taru said that Kavya was going to her grandmother’s house that day for the Weekend.
d) Taru said that Kavya was going to her grandmother’s house today for the weekend.

87. Amit said to me, “Your parents are waiting for you.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Amit told me that his parents were waiting for me.
b) Amit told me that your parents are waiting for you.
c) Amit told me that my parents were waiting for me.
d) Amit asked me if my parents were waiting for me.

88. Madhuri told me that I could stay in her flat whenever I was in Kolkata. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
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a) Madhuri said to me, “I could stay in her flat whenever I was in Kolkata.”
b) Madhuri said to me, “You can stay in my flat whenever you are in Kolkata.”
c) Madhuri said to me, “You could stay in her flat whenever she was in Kolkata.”
d) Madhuri said to me, “I can stay in my flat whenever I am in Kolkata.”

89. Esha said, “Avika is not going to school today as she has fever.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Esha said that Avika was not going to school that day as she had fever.
b) Esha said that Avika is not going to school today as she has fever.
c) Esha said that Avika had not gone to school that day as she was having fever.
d) Esha said that Avika was not going to school today as she has fever.

90. Mother said to me, “Will you help me in cleaning the house?” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Mother told me that I should help her in cleaning the house.
b) Mother asked me will you help me in cleaning the house.
c) Mother asked me if you would help her in cleaning the house.
d) Mother asked me if I would help her in cleaning the house.

91. She exclaimed that I looked very beautiful in that dress. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) She said, “How beautiful I look in this dress!”
b) She said, “How beautiful you look in this dress!”
c) She said, “How beautiful she looks in this dress!”
d) She said, “How beautiful I looked in that dress!”

92. The salesman said that he had verified all the bills while the goods were being packed. SSC CGL Tier II -
15/11/2020
a) The salesman said, “I verified all the bills while the goods were being packed.”
b) The salesman said, “I am verifying all the bills while the goods are being packed.”
c) The salesman said, “I have verified all the bills while the goods are packed.”
d) The salesman said, “He had verified all the bills while the goods was being packed.”
93. “Press button A to start the machine,” said the instructor to the trainees. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) The instructor told the trainees to press button A to start the machine.
b) The instructor requested the trainees press button A to start the machine.
c) The instructor told the trainees that pressing button A would start the machine.
d) The instructor said to the trainees that you should press button A to start the machine.

94. Anurag says that he would like to be an electronics engineer when he grows up. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Anurag says, “He likes to be an electronics engineer when he grows up.”
b) Anurag says, “I would like to be an electronics engineer when I grow up.”
c) Anurag said, “I will like to be an electronics engineer when I grow up.”
d) Anurag says, “I like to be an electronics engineer when I grow up.”

95. Taru told me that Avika was having her online cooking class then. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Taru said to me, “Avika was having her online cooking class at this time.”
b) Taru said to me, “Avika will be having her online cooking class now.”
c) Taru said to me, “Avika is having her online cooking class at that time.”
d) Taru said to me, “Avika is having her online cooking class now.”

96. Our Principal says, “Rules are to be followed at any cost.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Our Principal told that rules are to be followed at any cost.
b) Our Principal said that rules had to be followed at any cost.
c) Our Principal advised that rules need to be followed at any cost.
d) Our Principal says that rules are to be followed at any cost.

97. He regretted the mistake he had made in his calculations. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) He said, “I regret the mistake I made in my calculations.”
b) He said, “He regrets the mistake he made in my calculations.”
c) He said, “I regretted the mistake I made in my calculations.”
d) He said, “I am sorry for the mistake I made in his calculations.”

98. I asked Rahul why he was back so soon. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) I said to Rahul, “Why he was back so soon?”
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b) I said to Rahul, “Why you are back so soon?”
c) I asked to Rahul, “Why was he back so soon?”
d) I said to Rahul, “Why are you back so soon?”

99. She said, “Is anyone there in the house?” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) She told there is someone in the house.
b) She asked if anyone was there in the house.
c) She asked there is anyone in the house.
d) She enquired if someone is there in the house.

100. Taru said that she could not leave the children alone. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Taru said, “I cannot leave the children alone.”
b) Taru said, “She would not leave the children alone.”
c) Taru said, “I will not leave the children alone.”
d) Taru said, “I could not be leaving the children alone.”

101. I said to my friend, “Please help me arrange these books on the shelf.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) I requested my friend to help me arrange those books on the shelf.
b) I asked my friend to help me arrange these books on the shelf.
c) I ordered my friend to help me arrange those books on the shelf.
d) I told to my friend to please help me arrange those books on the shelf.

102. The professor said to Piyush, “Will you clean the data and get back to me tomorrow?” SSC CGL Tier II -
15/11/2020
a) The professor ordered Piyush that he should clean the data and get back to him the next day.
b) The professor told Piyush clean the data and get back to him the next day.
c) The professor asked Piyush if he would clean the data and get back to him the next day.
d) The professor asked Piyush will you clean the data and get back to me tomorrow.

103. I said to you, “ He should be trusted.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020

a) I told you that I should be trusted.
b) I told you that you should be trusted.
c) I told you that he should be trusted.
d) I asked you if he should be trusted.

104. The thief said to the judge, “Pardon me.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) The thief requested the judge for pardon me.
b) The thief said to the judge to pardon.
c) The thief begged the judge to pardon him.
d) The thief urged to pardon to the judge.

105. The teacher said to the parents, “Young children are very restless.” SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) The teacher told the parents that young children had been very restless.
b) The teacher said the parents that young children are very restless.
c) The teacher told the parents that young children were very restless.
d) The teacher asked the parents if young children are very restless.

106. Garima told her friends that she couldn’t go with them to the movie that night as she was very busy. SSC CGL
Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) Garima said to her friends, “I can’t go with you to the movie tonight as I am very busy.”
b) Garima said to her friends, “I can’t go with them to the movie that night as I was very busy.”
c) Garima said to her friends, “She couldn’t go with them to the movie that night as she was very busy.”
d) Garima said to her friends, “I couldn’t go with you to the movie tonight as I was very busy.”

107. The policeman told the inspector that he had arrested a man for breaking the lock-down rules. SSC CGL Tier
II - 15/11/2020
a) The policeman said to the Inspector, “He would arrest a man for breaking the lock down rules.”
b) The policeman said to the inspector, “I am arresting a man for breaking the lock down rules.”
c) The policeman said to the inspector, “I have arrested a man for breaking the lock down rules.”
d) The policeman said to the inspector, “He arrests a man for breaking the lock-down rules.”

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108. My brother told me that I could see any film I wanted on TV. SSC CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020
a) My brother said to me, “You could see any film you wanted on TV.”
b) My brother said to me, “You can see any film you want on TV.”
c) My brother said to me, “I could see any film I wanted on TV.”
d) My brother said to me, “I can see any film I want on TV.”

109. Mother said to her, “Paint the river blue.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)Mother said her to paint the river blue
b)Mother told her to paint the river blue
c)Mother told to her paint the river blue
d)Mother asked her paint the river blue

110. The Prime Minister has said,” The government will extend help to the unorganized sector.” SSC CGL Tier II -
16/11/2020
a)The Prime Minister said that the government would extend help to the unorganized sector
b)The Prime Minister has said that the government extend help to the unorganized sector
c)The Prime Minister said that the government has extended help to the unorganized sector
d)The Prime Minister has said that the government will extend help to the unorganized sector

111. He exclaimed, ”What a fine piece of architecture it is!” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)He exclaimed was it a fine piece of architecture
b)He exclaimed that what a fine piece of architecture it was
c)He exclaimed that it was a fine piece of architecture
d)He exclaimed what a fine piece of architecture is it.

112.She said to me, “Have you ever flown a kite?” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)She asked me if I ever flew a kite.
b)She asked me if I had ever flown a kite
c)She asked me if you have ever flown a kite.
d)She asked me that had I ever flown a kite

113.The tailor said to him, ”Your shirt will be ready by tomorrow.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The tailor told to him that your shirt will be ready by the next day.
b)The tailor told him that his shirt would be ready by the next day.
c)The tailor told him that your shirt would be ready by tomorrow.
d)The tailor told him that his shirt will be ready by tomorrow

114. The commander ordered the soldiers to climb the hill. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The commander ordered to the soldiers, “Go and climb the hill.”
b)The commander said to the soldiers, ‘Climb the hill.”
c)The commander said to the soldiers, “Please climb the hill.”
d)The commander said to the soldiers, “Start climbing the hill”

115. The teacher says, “Magnets attract objects made of iron.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The teacher says magnets attracts objects made of iron.
b)The teacher said that magnets were attracting objects made of iron.
c)The teacher said that magnets attracted objects made of iron.
d)The teacher says that magnets attract objects made of iron.

116. The policeman warned us not to block the traffic SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The policeman said to us, “Do not block the traffic.”
b)The policeman said to us, “We should not block the traffic.”
c)The policeman said to us, “You did not block the traffic.”
d)The policeman said to us, “Let us not block the traffic

117. I told my parents not to worry about me. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)I said to my parents, “Nothing to worry about me.”
b)I said to my parents, “Don’t worry about me.”
c)I said to my parents, “You don’t have to worry about me.”
d)I said to my parents, “You don’t be worried about me.”

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118. He said to his brother, “Pack your bags and leave now.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)He told his brother that pack your bags and leave now.
b)He suggested his brother that he should pack his bags and leave then.
c)He ordered his brother to pack your bags and leave now.
d)He instructed his brother to pack his bags and leave then.

119. The landlord said to me, “Did you pay the water bill on time?” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The landlord asked me if I had paid the water bill on time.
b)The landlord asked me if I paid the water bill on time.
c)The landlord asked to me that did I pay the water bill on time.
d)The landlord asked me did I paid the water bill on time.

120. Mahesh said to Priya, “How will you pay off your debts?” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)Mahesh asked Priya how will she pay off her debts.
b)Mahesh asked Priya that how you will pay off your debts
c)Mahesh asked Priya how she would pay off her debts.
d)Mahesh asked Priya how she would pay off your debts.

121. I told him that if he went around the park he would see some rare flowers. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)I said to him, ”If you went around the park you would see some rare flowers.”
b)I said to him, ”If you go around the park you would saw some rare flowers.”
c)I said to him, ”If you go around the park you will see some rare flowers.”
d)I said to him, ”If he went around the park he will see some rare flowers.”

122. He said to me, “Your father is waiting for you at the reception.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)He told me that his father was waiting for you at the reception.
b)He told me that my father was waiting for me at the reception.
c)He told me that your father was waiting for him at the reception.
d)He told to me my father was waiting for you at the reception.

123. The young man prayed to God to help him clear that interview. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The young man said to god, “Will you help me clear that interview?”
b)The young man said to god, “You have to help me clear that interview”
c)The young man said to god, “O God! Help me clear this interview”
d)The young man said to god, “O God! Help him to clear that interview”

124. Neha exclaimed that it was a very pleasant surprise. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)Neha said, “What a pleasant surprise!”
b)Neha said, “It is a very pleasant surprise.”
c)Neha said, “Is it a very pleasant surprise?”
d)Neha said, “How a pleasant surprise!”

125. He said to Manoj, “I celebrated my birthday two days ago.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)He told Manoj that he celebrated my birthday two days before.
b)He told Manoj that he celebrated his birthday two days ago.
c)He told Manoj that I celebrated my birthday two days ago.
d)He told Manoj that he had celebrated his birthday two days before.

126. She asked her mother where her gold bracelet was SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)She asked to her mother, “Where my gold bracelet is?”
b)She said to her mother, “Where is my gold bracelet?”
c)She said to her mother, “Where was my gold bracelet?’
d)She said to her mother, “Where was her gold bracelet?”

127. The librarian said to her, “You can borrow only two books at a time.” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The librarian told her that they could borrow only two books at a time.
b)The librarian told her that you can borrow only two books at a time.
c)The librarian told her that she could borrow only two books at a time.
d)The librarian told her that she can borrow only two books at a time.

128. He asked me if I would like to learn French. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
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a)He said to me, “Do you like to learn French?”
b)He said to me, “Would you like to learn French?”
c)He said to me, “You would like to learn French?”
d)He said to me, “I would like to learn French.”

129. The supervisor said to the worker, “How long have you been working for this company?” SSC CGL Tier II –
16/11/2020
a)The supervisor asked the worker that how long you had been working for that company.
b)The supervisor asked the worker for how long had he been working for this company.
c)The supervisor asked the worker how long had he being working for that company.
d)The supervisor asked the worker how long he had been working for that company.

130. My neighbour said to me, “Hello! How are you?” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)My neighbour said hello and asked how were I.
b)My neighbour said hello and asked how are you.
c)My neighbour said hello and asked how I was.
d)My neighbour said hello and asked how was I.

131. The boy requested his mother to give him a mango. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The boy said to his mother, “Will you give me a mango?”
b)The boy said to his mother, “Please give me a mango.”
c)The mother said to the boy, “Give him a mango.”
d)The boy said to his mother, “Give me a mango now”

132. The doctor asked her what medicine she had taken then. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The doctor said to her, “What medicine have you taken now?”
b)The doctor said to her, “What medicine you are taking now?”
c)The doctor said to her, “What medicine you have taken then?”
d)The doctor said to her, “What were medicine you have taken then?”

133. She told her brother that she was going to meet her friend. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)She said to her brother, “I was going to meet my friend.”
b)She said to her brother, “She will go to meet her friend.”
c)She said to her brother, “I am gone to meet her friend.”
d)She said to her brother, “I am going to meet my friend.”

134. The Principal says, “Hard work is the key to success” SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a)The Principal say that Hard work is the key to success.
b)The Principal said that Hard work was the key to success.
c)The Principal says that Hard work was the key to success.
d)The Principal says that Hard work is the key to success.

135. Saaransh said he had solved the crossword the previous day. SSC CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020
a) Saaransh said, “I have solved the crossword the previous day.”
b) Saaransh said, “He has solved the crossword the previous day.”
c) Saaransh said, “I solved the crossword yesterday.”
d) Saaransh said, “He have solved the crossword yesterday.”

136. I asked him if it had never occurred to him that he was in the wrong profession. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) I said to him, “Have it never occurred to you that he is in the wrong profession?”
b) I said to him, “Has it never occurred to you that he was the wrong profession?”
c) I said to him, “Does it never occur to you that you are in the wrong profession?”
d) I said to him, “Has it never occurred to you that you are in the wrong profession?”

137. The shopkeeper apologised for the mistake he had made in his calculations. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) The shopkeeper said, “I am sorry for the mistake that he makes in my calculations.”
b) The shopkeeper said, “I apologise. I made a mistake in his calculations.”
c) The shopkeeper said, “I apologised for the mistake that I make in my calculations.”
d) The shopkeeper said, “I am sorry. I made a mistake in my calculations.”

138. He welcomed me and requested me to be seated. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020

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a) He said to me, “Welcome. Please to be seated.”
b) He said to me, “Welcome and sit down.”
c) He said to me, “Be welcome. Please sit.”
d) He said to me, “Welcome. Please be seated.”

139. I said to him angrily, “Get out and don’t dare to come here again.” SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) I ordered him to get out and not dare to come there again.
b) I ordered him to get out and don’t dare to come here again.
c) I ordered him get out and don’t dare to come there again.
d) I ordered him that get out and not dare to come here again.

140. The man said that he had been walking down the road with his guide dog. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) The man said, “He were walking down the road with his guide dog.”
b) The man said, “I am walking down the road with my guide dog.”
c) The man said, “I was walking down the road with my guide dog.”
d) The man said, “I walked down the road with his guide dog.”

141. I prayed that his mother might recover soon. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) I say, “Your mother may recover soon.”
b) I said, “May your mother recover soon!”
c) I said, “Oh God! Your mother may recover soon.”
d) I said, “Might his mother soon recover.”

142. The old woman said to her neighbour, “Please buy some vegetables for me tomorrow.” SSC CGL Tier II -
18/11/2020
a) The old woman requested to her neighbour to please buy some vegetables for her tomorrow.
b) The old woman told her neighbour that buy some vegetables for me tomorrow.
c) The old woman ordered her neighbour to buy some vegetables for me the next day.
d) The old woman requested her neighbour to buy some vegetables for her the next Day.

143. He told me not to jump to any conclusion. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) He said to me, “Not to jump to any conclusion.”
b) He told to me, “Don’t jump to any conclusion.”
c) He said to me, “Not jump to any conclusion.”
d) He said to me, “Don’t jump to any conclusion.”

144. I said to the office boy, “Take these papers to the manager immediately.” SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) I said to the office boy to take these papers to the manager immediately.
b) I requested the office boy to take these papers to the manager immediately.
c) I told the office boy take those papers to the manager immediately.
d) I ordered the office boy to take those papers to the manager immediately

145. Rahul said that he had slipped and fallen on the marshy land. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) Rahul said, “He slips and falls on the marshy land.”
b) Rahul said, “I slipped and fell on the marshy land.”
c) Rahul said, “He have slipped and fallen on the marshy land.”
d) Rahul said, “I slipped and fallen on the marshy land.”

146. She told me that she knew I wanted to help her but she could manage on her own. SSC CGL Tier II -
18/11/2020
a) She said to me, “I knew you want to help her but I could manage on my own.”
b) She said to me, “I know you want to help me but I can manage on my own.”
c) She said to me, “I know you wanted to help me but she can manage on her own.”
d) She said to me, “I know I want to help you but you can manage on your own.”

147. The teacher said to the students, “Jupiter is the largest planet.” SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) The teacher told to the students that Jupiter was the largest planet.
b) The teacher told the students that Jupiter is the largest planet.
c) The teacher said students Jupiter is the largest planet.
d) The teacher says to the students that Jupiter was the largest planet.

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148. The teacher said to Anu, “I am very disappointed with your work.” SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) The teacher told Anu that she was very disappointed with her work.
b) The teacher told Anu that she were very disappointed with her work.
c) The teacher told Anu that I was very disappointed with her work.
d) The teacher said that Anu I am very disappointed with your work.

149. She suggested that we should distribute food among the needy. SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) She said, “Let us distribute food among the needy.”
b) She said, “We could distribute food among the needy.”
c) She said, “Let them distribute food among the needy.”
d) She ordered, “Distribute food among the needy.”

150. The doctor said to Anita, “Are you feeling better now?” SSC CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020
a) The doctor asked to Anita if she was feeling better now.
b) The doctor asked Anita that if she were feeling better now.
c) The doctor asked Anita was she was feeling better then.
d) The doctor asked Anita if she was feeling better then.

Answer Key

1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.C
11.C 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D
21.B 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.A
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.B
41.C 42.A 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.A 50.B
51.B 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.C 58.B 59.C 60.B
61.B 62.B 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.A 67.B 68.D 69.A 70.A
71.B 72.A 73.D 74.B 75.B 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.A 80.C
81.C 82.B 83.A 84.C 85.B 86.C 87.C 88.B 89.A 90.D
91.B 92.A 93.A 94.B 95.D 96.D 97.A 98.D 99.B 100.A
101.A 102.C 103.C 104.C 105.C 106.A 107.C 108.B 109.B 110.D
111.C 112.B 113.B 114.B 115.D 116.A 117.B 118.D 119.A 120.C
121.C 122.B 123.C 124.A 125.D 126.B 127.C 128.B 129.D 130.C
131.B 132.A 133.D 134.D 135.C 136.D 137.D 138.D 139.A 140.C
141.B 142.D 143.D 144.D 145.B 146.B 147.B 148.A 149.A 150.A

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 11. Voice
Those forms of verb that show the ‘subject doing an action’ or an action done on the subject’ is called voice.

➢ Active voice:- In active voice, the action of the subject upon the object.

➢ Passive voice:- In passive voice, the verb expresses the object being acted upon.

From Active voice to Passive Voice:-

1. Simple Present Tense:-
Example:
a. We respect him.
He is respected by us
b. Ajit does not help me.
I am not helped by Ajit.
c. Rekha takes coffee every morning.
Coffee is taken by Rekha every morning.

2. Present Continuous Tense:-

Example:

a. The students are watching the match.

The match is being watched by the students.
b. I am not drawing the picture on the drawing sheet.
The picture is not being drawn by me on the drawing sheet.

3. Present Perfect Tense:-

a. Nutan has written this letter.

This letter has been written by nutan.

b. Someone has stolen my watch.

My watch has been stolen.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:-

This tense is not changed into passive voice.

5. Simple Past Tense:-

Example :-
a. The police did not catch the thief.
The thief was not caught by the police

b. Dinker wrote this poem.

This poem was written by Dinker.

6. Past Continuous Tense:-

Example :-
a. She was not writing a letter to her husband.
A letter was not being written by her to her husband.

b. Someone was reading the Ramayana.

The Ramayana was being read.

c. He was writing a letter.

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A letter was being written by him.

7. Past Perfect Tense:-

Example :-
a. The farmers had reaped the crops before the rains fell.
The crops had been reaped by the farmers before the rains fell.

b. They had not done their homework.

Their homework had not been done by them.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:-

This tense is not changed into Passive voice.

9. Simple Future Tense:-

Example :-
a. Nobody will catch you.
You will not be caught.

b. No one will answer your question.

Your question will not be answered.

c. He will teach me.

I shall be taught by him.

10. Future Continuous Tense:-

This tense is not changed into Passive voice.

11. Future Perfect Tense:-

a. He will have solved the sums.
The sums will have been solved by him.

b. The postman will have delivered the letters.

The letters will have been delivered by the postman.

12. Future Perfect Continuous:-

This tense will not be changed into Passive voice.

Modals
a. We must respect our elders.
Our elders must be respected by us.

b. You could write the letter.

The letter could be written by you.

a. We ought to have loved our neighbours.

Our neightbours ought to have been loved by us.

b. He must have done that work.

That work must have been done by him.

To Infinitive
a). He has to purchase a radio set.
A radio set has to be purchased by him.
b). They had to play Badminton.
Badminton had to be played by them.

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Imperative sentences/ Command:
a. Open the window.
Let the window be opened

b. Switch on the light

Let the light be switched on

c. Bring a cup of coffee.

Let a cup of coffee be brought.

d. Inform the police of the crime.

Let the police be informed of the crime.

e. Don’t pluck the mangoes.

Let the mangoes not be plucked.

When Imperative sentences start from ‘Let’:-

Example :-
a. Let me do this work.
Let this work be done by me.

b. Let her sing a song.

Let a song be sung by her.

➢ Interrogative sentences

a. Will nobody help the poor?

Will the poor not be helped?

b. Have you to paint the box?

Has the box to be painted by you?

c. Should the doctor examine her?

Should she be examined by the doctor?

d. Are the children eating sweets now?

Are sweets being eaten by the children now?

➢ B. Interrogative sentences:-

a. Where was she making a noise?

Where was a noise being made by her?

b. How many books do you read?

How many books are read by you?

c. Who wrote the Mahabharata?

• By whom was the Mahabharata written?
• Who was the Mahabharata written by?

d. Which man abused her?

• By which man was she abused?
• Which man was she abused by?

e. Whom do you like most?

Who is liked most by you?

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 ➢ Preposition voice:-

Example :-
a. The judge enquired into the case.
The case was enquired into by the judge.

b. The girls laughed at him.

He was laughed at by the girls.

c. Her father is looking after her.

She is looking after by her father.

➢ Complement voice:-

Example :-

a. The teacher taught her English.

• She was taught English by the teacher.
• English was taught to her by the teacher.

b. The director offers him a job.

• He is offered a job by the director.
• A job is offered to him by the director.

c. The children told me the truth.

• I was told the truth by the children.
• The truth was told to me by the children.

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 Spotting Errors

1. (a)The news of his father’s death/(b) was not declared/ (c)so far/ (d)No error.
2. (a)There will be no more supplies/ (b)unless all arrears of payment/ (c)are cleared by next Monday/(d) No error.
3. (a)The ship sank/(b) and everyone(c)aboard drowned/(d) No error.
4. (a)It believed earlier/(b) that the sun revolved around the earth/(c) No error
5. (a) By the time/(b) he arrived/ (c)everybody had/ (d)been gone/ (e)No error.
6. (a)Some passengers / (b)were flew to Paris on the/ (c)last trip/(d) No error.
7. (a)The truck driver was accused by /(b) the lady for walking/(c) in the middle of the road/(d) No error.
8. (a)The city/(b) was tore /(c) by riots/(d) No error.
9. (a)When the thief broke into their house/(b) they raised a hue and cry/(c) and the thief caught immediately by the
people/(d) No error.
10. (a)Mother’s milk/(b) cannot be substituted by/(c) anything else/ (d) No error.
11. (a)When the minister was shot dead/(b) people were running here and there/(c) to save themselves/(d) No
error.
12. (a)Police officers sent/(b) to the theatre/(c) and every nook and corner/(d) was thoroughly checked/ (e) No
error.
13. (a)He was seriously wounded/ (b)during the cross fire/ (c) and was rushed/(d) to hospital/ (e) No error.
14. (a) Had the police not/(b) reached here/(c) on time, the traders would have been robbed/ (d) No error.
15. (a)The French surrendered Quebec to the English in 1759.
a. Quebec was surrendered by the French to the English in 1759.
b. Quebec was surrendered by the French to the English in 1759 by the French.
c. The English were surrendered Quebec in 1759 by the French.
d. Quebec was surrendered in 1759 by the French to the English.

16. My uncle promised me a present.

a).A present was promised by my uncle to me.
b).I was promised a present by my uncle.
c).I had been promised present by my uncle.
d).I was promised by my uncle a present.

17. Why do you waste time?

a).What was time wasted by you?
b).Why is time wasted by you?
c).Why has time been wasted by you?
d).Why is time being wasted by you?

18. I know him.

a).He is known by me.
b).He was known to me.
c).He has been known to us.
d).He is known to me.

19. One should keep one’s promise.

a).One’s promise should be kept by us.
b).One’s promise has to be kept.
c).A promise should be keeping.
d).A promise should be kept.

20. Somebody told me that there had been an explosion in the Town Hall.
a).I was told by somebody about the explosion in the Town Hall.
b).I was told about the explosion in the Town Hall.
c).I was informed that there was an explosion in the Town Hall.
d).I was told by somebody that there had been an explosion in the Town Hall.

21. Please help me.

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a).You were requested to help me.
b).You are being requested to help me.
c).You are requested to help me.
d).You have been requested to help me.

22. Darjeeling grows tea.

a).Tea grows in Darjeeling.
b).Tea is grown in Darjeeling.
c).Let the tea be grown in Darjeeling.
d). Tea is being grown in Darjeeling.

Answer Key

1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B
11.B 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.D
21.C 22.B

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 Practice Exercise

Directions (1-5) : In these questions, the sentences have been given in Active/ Passive Voice. From the given
alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.1997)
1. They first sun-dried the garbage for one to three days to bring down the moisture level.
a) The moisture level was brought down by sun-drying the garbage for one to three days.
b) One to three days of sun-drying brought down the moisture level of the garbage.
c) The moisture level of the garbage came down when it was sun-dried for one to three days.
d) The garbage was first sundried for one to three days to bring down the moisture level.

2. Women like men to flatter them.

a) Men are liked by women to flatter them. b) Women like to be flattered by men.
c) Women like that men should flatter them. d) Women are liked to be flattered by men.

3. What one must do, one must do properly.

a) What must be done, must be done properly. b) It must be done properly what one must do.
c) It must be done what one must do properly. d) One must do properly what has to be done.

4. Look at the poll results–do they inspire hope ?

a) Let the poll results be looked– is hope inspired by them ?
b) Let the poll results be looked at–has hope been inspired by them ?
c) Let the poll results be looked at–is hope being inspired by them ?
d) Let the poll results be looked at–is hope inspired by them ?

5. It is your duty to make tea at eleven O'clock.

a) You are asked to make tea at eleven O'clock b) Your are required to make tea at eleven O'clock.
c) You are supposed to make tea at eleven O'clock. d) Tea is to be made by you at eleven O'clock.

Directions (6-10) : A sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested
below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/ Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 09.09.2001)
6. He was congratulated by his teacher on his brilliant success in the recent examination.
a) His teacher congratulated himon his brilliant success in the recent examination.
b) His teacher congratulated him for his success in the examination.
c) His teacher congratulated him on his success.
d) His teacher congratulated him.

7. People speak English all over the world.

a) English is spoken all over the world. b) English was spoken all over the world.
c) English was spoken by people. d) English is spoken by people.

8. Who gave you permission to enter?

a) By whom were you given permission to enter? b) By whom was you given permission to enter?
c) By whom you were given permission to enter? d) By whom given you permission to enter?

9. The Principal has granted him a scholarship.

a) A scholarship has granted to him by the Principal. b) He has been granted a scholarship by the Principal.
c) He has granted a scholarship by the Principal. d) A scholarship was granted to him by the Principal.

10. Before festivals the shops are thronged with men, women and children making various purchases.
A ) During festivals people throng the shops.
b) Men, women and children throng the shops before festivals making various purchases.
c) Men, women and children make purchases during festivals.
d) The shops are througed by people making purchases.

Directions (11-15) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 16.11.2003)

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11. The smugglers did not realise that their conversation was being recorded.
a) The smugglers did not realize that someone was recording their conversation.
b) Someone did not realise that the smugglers were recording their conversation.
c) Conversation was recorded when the smugglers did not realise.
d) The smugglers recorded their conversation without realising.

12. The principal kept the staff members waiting

a) The staff members are kept waiting for the principal.
b) The staff members were kept waiting by the principal.
c) The staff members were waiting for the principal.
d) The staff members were being kept waiting by the principal.

13. Who taught you grammar ?

a) By whom you were taught grammar ? b) By whom were you taught grammar ?
c) By whom was grammar you taught ? d) By whom were grammar taught to you ?

14. The king gave him a reward.

a) He was given by the king a reward. b) He was given the reward by a king.
c) He was given a reward by the king. d) A reward was given by him to the king.

15. He teaches us grammar.

a) Grammar was taught to us by him. b) We are taught grammar by him.
c) We were teached grammar by him. d) Grammar will be teached to us by him.

Directions (16-20) : In these questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice/Passive Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 14.12.2003)
16. Do you understand what I mean ?
a) What I mean....is that understood by you b) Was what I mean understood by you ?
c) Is what I mean understood by you ? d) What I mean is understood by you ?

17. Whom does he look for ?

a) He is looked after for whom ? b) Who is looked after for him?
c) Who is looked for by him ? d) He is looked after by whom?

18. They say that you did that.

a) You are told to do that b) You are advised to do that
c) You did that said by them d) You are said to have done that

19. I am doing sums.

a) Sums are done by me b) Sums are being done by me
c) I must be doing the sums d) Sums must be done by me

20. The noise of the traffic kept me awake.

a) I was kept awake by the noise of the traffic b) The traffic kept me awake by the noise
c) I kept myself awake due to the noise of the traffic d) I remained awake by the noise of the traffic

Directions (21-25) : In the following questions, the following sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice.
From the given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Tax Assistant (IncomeTax & Central Excise) Exam. 05.12.2004)
21. We all know that there is only one God.
a) We are all known that there is only one God. b) It is known to us all that there is only one God.
c) We have all known that there is only one God. d) Only one God is known by us all.

22. The people elected him Mayor.

a) Him was elected Mayor the people. b) He was elected Mayor by the people.
c) Mayor is elected by the people. d) He is elected by the people Mayor.

23. Don’t laugh at me.

a) Let me be laughed at. b) Let me be not laughed at.
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c) I am laughed at. d) Let me be not laughed.

24. I saw him leaving the house.

a) Leaving the house he was seen by me. b) He was seen leaving the house by me.
c) He had been seen leaving the house. d) He was seen to be leaving the house.

25. Someone pulled the bull violently.

a) The bull had been pulled violently by someone. b) The bull was to be pulled violently by someone.
c) The bull had been pulled violently. d) The bull was pulled violently.

Directions (26-30) : In the following questions the sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice. From the
given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 05.06.2005)
26. This shirt cannot be worn by me any longer.
a) I cannot wear this shirt any longer. b) Wearing of this shirt any longer is not possible.
c) This shirt is too worn out to be worn any longer. d) This worn out shirt cannot be worn any longer.

27. A lion does not eat grass, however hungry he may be.
a) Grass is not eaten by a lion, however hungry he may be.
b) Grass is not being eaten by a lion, however hungry he may be.
c) Grass is eaten not by a lion, however hungry he may be.
d) Grass is being not eaten by a lion, however hungry he may be.

28. Someone saw him picking up a gun.

a) He was seen pick up a gun by someone. b) He was seen picking up a gun by someone.
c) He was seen when he was picking up a gun. d) He was seen by someone pick a gun.

29. He was obliged to resign.

a) He was made to resign. b) To resign was his obligation.
c) Circumstances obliged him to resign. d) Resignation obliged him.

30. Why did you not agree to my proposal ?

a) Why was my proposal not agreed to ? b) Why was my proposal not agreed by you ?
c) Why my proposal was not agreed to by you ? d) Why was my proposal not agreed to by you ?

Directions (31-35) : In the following questions, the sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice. From the
given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 31.7.2005)
31. It is time to take tea.
a) It was time that tea was taken b) It is time for tea to be taken
c) It is time that tea should be taken d) It is time that tea had been taken

32. The members should adhere to all the decisions.

a) All the decisions should adhere to the members
b) All the decisions adhered to the members
c) All the decisions should be adhered to by the members
d) All should adhere to the decisions of the members

33. His subordinates accused him of various offences.

a) They accused him of various offences
b) It was accused by his subordinates that he had done various offences
c) His subordinates accused that he had done various offences
d) He was accused of various offences by his subordinates

34. Has someone made all the necessary arrangements ?

a) Has all the necessary arrangements been made by someone ?
b) Have the necessary arrangements been all made by someone ?
c) Have all the necessary arrangements been made by someone ?
d) All the necessary arrangements have been made by one ?

35. We will know the outcome of these experiments after six months.
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a) The outcome of these experiments will be known after six months
b) The outcome will be known of these experiments after six months
c) After six months, we will know the outcome of these experiments
d) These experiments will have a known outcome after six months

Directions (36–40) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice/Passive Voice. Out of
the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)
36. Don’t speak until someone speaks to you.
a) Don’t speak until you are spoken to b) Don’t speak until someone is spoken to
c) Don’t speak until you have been spoken to d) Don’t speak until someone has been spoken to

37. Did the noise frighten you ?

a) Did you frighten the noise ? b) Was the noise frightened by you ?
c) Were you frightened by the noise ? d) Were you frighten by the noise ?

38. We are reaching the end of this exercise.

a) This exercise is ended by us. b) The end of this exercise is being reached by us.
c) This is our end to the exercise. d) The exercise has reached its end by us.

39. I expect you to complete this work before sunset.

a) I expect you to be completed this work before sunset.
b) I am expected you to complete this work before sunset.
c) You are expected to complete this work before sunset.
d) You are expected to be completed this work before sunset.

40. The storm did much damage.

a) Much damage was done by the storm. b) The storm damaged much.
c) Much damage did the storm. d) The storm was damaged.

Directions (41–45) : In the following questions, the sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice. From the
given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.11.12.2005)
41. The boy has rung the bell.
a) The bell has been rung by the boy. b) The bell was being rung by the boy.
c) The bell was rung by the boy. d) The bell has been being rung by the boy.

42. He likes people to call him Sir.

a) He likes to be called Sir by people. b) He likes to be call Sir by people.
c) He likes people who call him Sir. d) To call him Sir is liked by people.

43. We added up the money and found that it was correct.

a) The money was added up and found to be correct.
b) Correct it was found and the money was added up.
c) The money added up by us and it was correctly found.
d) The money added up by us found it was correct.

44. The telegraph wires have been cut.

a) Someone has been cut the telegraph wires. b) No one has cut the telegraph wires.
c) The telegraph wires have cut someone. d) Someone has cut the telegraph wires.

45. Will she tell us the truth ?

a) Is the truth told to us by her ? b) The truth will be told to us by her.
c) Will the truth be told to us by her ? d) Will the truth be told us by her ?

Directions (46-50) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice.
(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 13.08.2006)
46. Mr. Sen asked him a question.
a) He was asked a question Mr. Sen. b) He was asked a question to Mr. Sen.
c) He was asked a question by Mr. Sen. d) A question was being asked by Mr. Sen.
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47. People speak English all over the world.
a) English is spoken all over the world. b) English was spoken all over the world.
c) English was spoken by people. d) English is spoken by people.

48. The teacher punished the boys who had not done their home work.
a) The boys who had not done their homework had been punished by their teacher.
b) The boys were punished by their teacher who had not done their homework.
c) The boys who had not done their homework were punished by the teacher.
d) The boys who had not done their homework were being punished by the teacher.

49. The Principal has granted him a scholarship.

a) A scholarship has granted to him by the Principal.
b) He has been granted a scholarship by the Principal.
c) He has granted a scholarship by the Principal.
d) A scholarship was granted to him by the Principal.

50. Somebody told me that there had been an explosion in the Town Hall.
a) I was told by somebody about the explosion in the Town Hall.
b) I was told about the explosion in the Town Hall.
c) I was informed that there was an explosion in the Town Hall.
d) I was told by somebody that there had been an explosion in the Town Hall.

Directions (51–55) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
51. Circumstances will oblige me to go.
a) I will oblige the circumstances and go b) I shall be obliged to go by the circumstances.
c) Under the circumstances, I should go. d) I would be obliged by the circumstances to go.

52. We waste much time on trifles.

a) Much time was wasted on trifles. b) Much time will be wasted on trifles.
c) Much time is wasted by us on trifles. d) Much time is wasted on trifles.

53. Mohan gave the beggar an old shirt.

a) An old shirt was given to Mohan by the beggar. b) An old shirt was given to the beggar by Mohan.
c) The beggar was gave an old shirt by Mohan. d) An old shirt was gave to the beggar by Mohan.

54. They have made him a king.

a) A king has been made by him. b) He was made a king by them.
c) They have been made kings by him. d) He has been made a king by them.

55. Who taught you English ?

a) By whom English was taught to you ? b) By whom you were taught English ?
c) By whom was English taught to you ? d) By whom are you taught English ?

Directions (56-60) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 26.11.2006 (IInd Sitting)
56. Why haven’t they allowed you to go?
a) Why you haven’t been allowed to go? b) Why haven’t you been allowed to go?
c) Why were you not allowed to go? d) Why you were not allowed to go?

57. I expected him to give us financial aid.

a) It was expected of him to give us financial aid.
b) Let it be expected that he would give us finacial aid.
c) It was expected by me that he will give us financial aid.
d) He may be expected to give us financial aid.

58. Tobacco manufacturers are making considerable efforts to gain new clients.
a) Considerable efforts are being made by tobacco manufacturers to gain new clients.
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b) Considerable efforts being made by tobacco manufacturers to gain new clients.
c) Considerable efforts are made by tobacco manufacturers to gain new clients.
d) To gain new clients by tobacco manufacturers considerable efforts are being made.

59. Has anybody done all the work?

a) Have all the work been done by somebody? b) Somebody has done all the work.
c) The work has been done by somebody. d) Has all the work been done by somebody?

60. Cigarette smoking causes two million deaths annually in the industrial states.
a) Cigarette smoking has been causing two million deaths annually in the industrial states.
b) Two million deaths arc caused annually by cigarette smoking in the industrial states.
c) Two million deaths are being caused by cigarette smoking annually in the industrial states.
d) Two million deaths have been caused annually by cigarette smoking in the industrial states.

Directions (61–65) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
61. You surprise me.
a) I am to be surprised b) You are surprised
c) I am surprised d) Me is surprised

62. The boys killed the snake with a stick.

a) The snake was killed by the boys with a stick. b) A stick was killed by the boys with a snake.
c) A snake with a stick was killed by the boys. d) A snake is killed by the boys with a stick.

63. Let me do this.

a) Let us do this. b) This be done by me.
c) Let this be done by me. d) Let do this.

64. The tiger caught a fox.

a) A fox has been caught by the tiger. b) A fox was caught by the tiger.
c) A fox is caught by the tiger. d) A fox had been caught by the tiger.

65. Someone has lit the fire.

a) The fire was lit by someone. b) You are requested to light the fire by someone.
c) The fire has been lit by someone. d) The fire had been lit by someone.

Directions (66-70) : In the following questions a sentence has been given in Active Voice/Passive Voice. Out of the
four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 30.09.2007 (IInd Sitting)
66. Has the price rise affected all the people?
a) Have all the people been affected by the price-rise ?
b) Are all the people being affected by the price-rise ?
c) Had all the people being affected by the price-rise ?
d) Are all the people affected by the price-rise ?

67. They pick the flowers, fresh, every morning.

a) The Fresh flowers are picked every morning by them.
b) The flowers are fresh and picked every morning by them.
c) The flowers are picked fresh every morning by them.
d) The picked flowers are fresh every morning by them.

68. Everyone looked up to him.

a) He was looked up to by everyone. b) He was looked up by everyone.
c) He is looked up by everyone. d) He looks up by everyone.

69. Tell him to get out of our house.

a) He is told to get out of our house. b) Let him be told to get out of our house.
c) He might be told to get out of our house. d) He should be told that he may get out of our house.

70. Those who worked hard seldom obtained good marks.

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a) Good marks were seldom being obtained by those who worked hard.
b) Good marks are seldom obtained by those who worked hard.
c) Seldom had good marks been obtained by those who worked hard.
d) Good marks were seldom obtained by those who worked hard.

Directions (71-75) : In the following questions, the sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice.From the
given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 25.11.2007)
71. The accountant took the money from the customer.
a) The money is taken from the customer by the accountant.
b) The money was taken from the customer by the accountant.
c) The customer was taken the money by the accountant.
d) The money had been taken from the customer by the accountant.

72. The peon refused him admittance.

a) He was refused admittance by the peon. b) Admittance is refused to him by the peon.
c) Admittance was refused by the peon to him. d) Admittance is refused him by the peon.

73. The reporter was interviewing the political leaders.

a) The political leaders were being interviewed by the reporter.
b) The political leaders was being interviewed by the reporter.
c) The political leaders are being interviewed by the reporter.
d) The political leader is being interviewed by the reporter.

74. The beavers have built a perfect dam across the stream
a) A perfect dam had been built by the beavers across the stream.
b) A perfect dam has been built by the beavers across the stream.
c) A perfect dam have been built by the beavers across the stream.
d) A perfect dam was being built by the beavers across the stream.

75. You should follow all the instructions carefully.

a) All the instructions are carefully followed by you.
b) All the instructions were carefully followed by you.
c) All the instructions should be carefully followed by you.
d) All the instructions can be carefully followed by you.

Directions (76-80) : In following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit)Exam. 10.12.2006)
76. The school was damaged by the earthquake which caused havoc to other buildings as well.
a) The earthquake damaged the school and other buildings.
b) The earthquake damaged other buildings.
c) The earthquake caused havoc to the school.
d) The earthquake damaged the school besides causing havoc to other buildings.

77. You don’t need to wind this watch.

a) This watch need not be wound. b) This watch does not wind.
c) This watch need not be wounded. d) This watch need not be winded up.

78. Has somebody broken the window ?

a) Have the window been broken ? b) Had the window been broken by somebody ?
c) Has the window been broken by somebody ? d) Has been the window broken ?

79. The children are making a noise.

a) A noise is made by the children. b) A noise is being made by the children.
c) The children should be making a noise. d) A noise has been made by the children.

80. The child’s shrill wail broke the silence.

a) The silence was being broken by the child’s shrill wail.
b) The child’s shrill wail was broken by the silence.
c) The silence was broken by the child’s shrill wail.
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d) The silence was being broken by the child’s shrill wail.

Directions (81–85) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 30.11.2008)
81. The cat is running after the rat.
a) The rat was being run after by the cat.
b) The rat is being run after by the cat.
c) The rat is run after by the cat.
d) The cat is being run after by the rat.

82. English is spoken all over the world.

a) All over the world English speaks.
b) English speaks all over the world.
c) The whole world speaks English.
d) People speak English all over the world.

83. The boys elected Mohan captain.

a) The boys were elected captain by Mohan.
b) Mohan is elected captain by the boys.
c) Mohan was elected captain by the boys.
d) Mohan and the boys elected the captain.

84. They threw away the rubbish.

a) The rubbish will be thrown away.
b) The rubbish was being thrown away.
c) The rubbish was thrown away.
d) The rubbish thrown away.

85. Let him see the picture.

a) Let the picture be seen by him.
b) The picture is seen by him.
c) Let him the picture be seen.
d) The picture is seen by him.

Directions (86 – 90) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice/Passive Voice. Out of
the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice/ Active
Voice.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 14.12.2008)
86. We have already done the exercise.
a) Already, the exercise has been done by us.
b) The exercise has already been done by us.
c) The exercise had been already done by us.
d) The exercise is already done by us.

87. The main skills we seek to develop include analysing, interpreting and evaluating ideas.
a) The main skills sought by us to develop include analysing, interpreting and evaluating ideas
b) The main skills sought to be developed by us include analysing, interpreting and evaluating ideas
c) The main skills that we are seeking to be developed include analysing, interpreting and evaluating ideas
d) The main skills include analysing, interpreting and evaluating ideas which are sought by us to develop

88. Who can question Gandhi’s integrity ?

a) By whom Gandhi’s integrity can be questioned ?
b) By whom can Gandhi’s integrity be questioned ?
c) Gandhi’s integrity can be questioned by whom ?
d) Who could have questioned Gandhi’s integrity ?

89. He presented me a bouquet on my birthday.

a) A bouquet is presented to me on my birthday by him
b) I was presented on my birthday a bouquet by him
c) I was presented a bouquet on my birthday by him
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d) I will be presented a bouquet on my birthday by him

90. This surface feels smooth.

a) This surface is felt smooth
b) This surface is smooth when it is felt
c) This surface when felt is smooth
d) This surface is smooth as felt

Directions (91-95) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four
alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 29.03.2009)
91. He asked me to finish the work in time.
a) I was asked that I should finish the work in time.
b) He asked me that I should finish the work in time.
c) I was asked to finish the work in time.
d) I was asked to finish the work in time by him.

92. Quinine tastes bitter.

a) Quinine is bitter when it is tasted.
b) Quinine is bitter tasted
c) The taste of quinine is bitter.
d) Quinine is tasted bitter.

93. The vintage cars hold a special place in the hearts of their owners.
a) A special place in the hearts of the vintage car owners is held by them.
b) A special place was held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners.
c) A special place is held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners.
d) A special place is being held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners.

94. What amused you?

a) What you are made to amuse by?
b) By what are you being amused?
c) By what were you amused?
d) By what have you been amused?

95. Smoke and flames engulfed the area and made rescue operations difficult.
a) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames and made rescue operations difficult.
b) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames making rescue operations difficult.
c) The area had been engulfed in smoke and flames and made rescue operations difficult.
d) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames and rescue operations were made difficult.

Directions (96–100) : In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active Voice/Passive Voice, Out of
the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 16.05.2010 (Ist Sitting)
96. They have made a film based on this novel.
a) A film was based on this novel and made.
b) A film have been made based on this novel.
c) A film, based on this novel, has been made
d) A film has been based and made on this novel.

97. The people couldn’t move me to the hospital and the doctor operated on me at home.
a) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and was operated on at home by the doctor.
b) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I had to be operated on at home.
c) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I was operated at home by the doctor.
d) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital by the people and operated on at home.

98. Why did he deprive you of the membership ?

a) Why you were deprived of the membership ?
b) Why were you deprived of his membership by him ?
c) Why was he deprived of his membership
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d) Why were you deprived of your membership by him ?

99. The news has been brought to us by him.

a) He brought us the news.
b) He has brought us the news.
c) He was brought the news to us.
d) We brought the news to him.

100.Not a word was spoken by the criminal in self-defence.

a) The criminal spoke not a word in self-defence.
b) The criminal in self-defence spoke no word.
c) The criminal did not speak a word in self-defence.
d) The criminal spoke in self-defence not a word.

Answer Key

1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A
21.B 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.D
31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.C 40.A
41.A 42.A 43.A 44.D 45.C 46.C 47.A 48.C 49.B 50.D
51.B 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.A 56.B 57.C 58.A 59.D 60.B
61.C 62.A 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.A 67.C 68.A 69.B 70.D
71.B 72.A 73.A 74.B 75.C 76.A 77.A 78.C 79.B 80.C
81.B 82.A 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.B 88.B 89.C 90.B
91.D 92.D 93.C 94.C 95.A 96.C 97.A 98.D 99.B 100.C

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 12. Adjective
Definition:
Adjectives are words qualifying nouns or describing words. They qualify or describe nouns. They are called noun-
helper.
Adjectives are a large class of words (for example, good, bad, new, accurate, careful) which define more
precisely the reference of a noun or pronoun. An adjective gives more distinct meaning to a noun or a pronoun by
describing or limiting it.
Example :-
➢ These strawberries taste sour.
➢ The pickles are salty

Adjectives have many different endings. Many adjectives are created simply by adding certain suffixes to words
that were previously nouns or verbs.

a joyful smile a beautiful face a careful student

A Sunny Day A noisy car Dirty hands
An easy test A cloudy sky Stormy weather
A meaningless word A sleeveless dress A fearless fighter

➢ Some adjectives end in -al.

Actual Final General

➢ Here are some adjectives that end in -ic, -ish, -ible, -able, -ive and -ly.

enthusiastic shouting comfortable clothes expensive jewellery

a selfish act a likeable child friendly teachers

➢ Many adjectives end in -ing.

a smiling face an outstanding swimmer chattering monkeys

Familiar, Particular, Popular,

➢ ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY

(Descriptive Adjective)
Definition:

Adjective showing the kind or quality of nouns or pronouns are called Adjective of Quality
Example :
• He is a brave boy
• You are an honest man
• This place is dirty

➢ ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY
(Quantitative Adjective)

Definition : Adjective which shows the quantity of thing is called the Adjective of Quantity.
Example:-
• He ate the whole apple
• She spent all her money
• I ate some rice
• There was no milk in the jug.

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 • We have had enough exercise

➢ ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER

Definition: Adjective which expresses the number of persons or things is called the Adjective of Number or
Numeral Adjective

Example:-
• I wrote two letters
• The hand has five fingers
• Few dogs look well
• All men must die
• Most boys like football
• There are ten class rooms in our school

➢ DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

Definition: This Adjective straight away points out the person or thing concerned

Singular Plural
This These
That Those

Example:-
• I am ready to buy this house
• I want to look at that house
• These are the times that try men’s souls
• That boy is intelligent
• Those cows are white

➢ INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE

Definition: Interrogative Adjectives are used with nouns to ask questions.

These words are called interrogative determiners or interrogative adjectives.
Example:-
• What colour is her hair?
• Whose car is this?
• Which road leads to the zoo?
• Whom do you want to meet?
• Whose shop is closed?

➢ POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

Definition: This Adjective expresses the state of possession of nouns.

Example :-
• My aim in life is to become a doctor
• Is this your desk?
• Mike crashed his bike into a wall
• Her sister sings in a sweet voice
• The dog was licking its paws
• Mike and Peter have invited me to their party

These possessive adjectives are used according to the number, gender, and person of the noun

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DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE

Definition : This Adjective expresses the distributive state of nouns

Example :-
• On either side of the canal there were long fields of barley
• Every boy has a pet .
• Neither of the two men is trustworthy
• Each girl in our class is well-versed in music

➢ PROPER ADJECTIVE

Definition: Adjective that is formed from proper noun is called proper Adjective.
Example :-
• An Indian girl
• An English woman
• An American dollar
• They stole a priceless Elizabethan watch

➢ DEGREES OF ADJECTIVE

Definition : Every adjective has three degrees of its own. They are : Positive, Comparative,Superlative degrees.
Example :-

Positive Comparative Superlative

Bold Bolder Boldest
Bright Brighter Brightest

➢ Do's and Don'ts of Adjectives

Rule :1 Do not use an adjective in the comparative degree when no comparison expressed or implied is made.
Examples: He is more intelligent student in the class (wrong) say- He is a very intelligent student. OR He is the
most intelligent student in the class

Rule 2: Following are not compared, nor can most be used with them. Perfect, unique, full, infinite, chief,
perpetual, extreme, ideal, entire, complete, universal, empty, impossible, unanimous, square, round, golden, etc.
Examples: He is more perfect than his brother. (wrong. Perfect expresses the quality to the utmost extent.) Say -He
is perfect.
Lata Mangeshkar a unique Singer

Rule 3: The comparative adjectives, superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior, prefer, preferable,
are followed by to instead of than:
Examples: 1.He is senior to me (not 'than me')
2.Death is preferable is to dishonor
3.I am Junior to him in rank
4.Brass is inferior to gold

Rule 4: Avoid double comparatives.

Examples: It is rather more important. (wrong. The word rather is comparative) Say- It is rather important. OR It is
more important. His brother is a more better singer than he (wrong) Say - His brother is a better singer than him.

Rule 5: When two persons or two things are compared it is important to see that the comparison is restricted to the
only two that are compared.
Examples: The population of India is greater than The U.S.A. ( Is obviously wrong. Use than that of ; otherwise
your sentence will give the impression that you are comparing Indian population with The U.S.a., a country).

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Rule 6: When a comparison is introduced, followed by than, the thing compared must always be exclude from the
class of things with which it is compared, by using other.
Examples: Mumbai is larger than any city in India (wrong) say - Mumbai is larger than any other city in India.

Rule 7: An adjective in the superlative degree normally takes the and not a or an before it.
Examples: This is a 'worst' example of incompetence I have ever come across (wrong) Say- This is the worst
example of incompetence I have ever come across.

Rule 8: When two adjectives refer to the same noun and one of them is in the superlative degree, the other adjective
must also be in the superlative degree. The same is the case with the comparatives.
Examples: He is the best and the most honest minister in Parliament. He is both charitable and richer than you.
(wrong) say - he is both richer and more charitable than you.

Rule 9: The two first is a meaningless expression, for it implies that two things may be first. So is the two last.
Examples: The two first chapters of the novel are dull. (wrong) say - The first two chapters of the novel are dull.

Rule 10: Use some in affirmative sentences and any in negative and interrogative sentences.
Examples: I shall buy some books. (not any) I shall not buy any books. (not some). Have you bought any book?
(not some).

Rule 11: Later and latest refer to time. Latter and last refer to Position.
Examples: He came latter than I. (wrong. Use later in place of latter). Between these two books the later is more
interesting. (wrong. Use the latter in place of ‘1ater’). Of the three, tea, coffee and cocoa, the latter is my favourite.
Use latter for coffee and last for the cocoa

Rule 12: Farther means more distant or advanced, further means additional. ' .
Examples: Calcutta is farther (nor further) from the equator than Colombo. After this, he made no further (nor
farther) remarks. Do not speak of farther places. (wrong. Farther’ is not used as an adjective in the positive degrees.
Use ‘distant’ instead).

Rule -13: Older / elder and oldest may be used for persons or things, but elder and eldest apply to persons only.
They are chiefly used for comparisons with in a family.
Examples: He will inherit the property after the death of his elder (not older) brother. He is the
oldest (not eldest) inhabitant of this village. My brother is elder to (nor than) me.

Rule 14: little, a little and the little are correctly used as follows :
Examples There is little hope of recovery (not likely to recover) (haredly any hope). There is a little hope of
recovery. (may possibly recover). Do not waste the little energy you possess. (the small amount. whatever it is).

Rule -15: few, a few and the few are correctly used as follows:
Examples Few women can keep a secret. (Hardly any Woman can keep a secret). A few Were present. (some were
present). The few members who came for the show had to return disappointed. (not many, but Whoever there was).

Rule 16: less refers to quantity, whereas fewer denotes number.

Examples: No less than fifty persons were killed in the accident. (Wrong. Say no fewer than). We do no sell fewer
than ten kg. of ghee. (Wrong. Say ‘less than ....’)

Rule 17 : Much / Many

Much is used for quantity and many is used for number (countable nouns )
Example : 1. I have much time to spend with my friends
2.He has many friends .

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 SPOTTING ERRORS

1. (a) Anurag is eclipsed by his wife, / (b) who is cleverer and / (c) amusing than he is. /(d) No error
2. (a) The two first to arrive / (b) were the lucky recipients / (c) of a surprise gift. /(d) No error
3. (a) Of the billion soft stars in the galaxy,(b)how much are/(c)suitable for life?/(d) No error
4. (A)A few word of/(b)gratitude are enough/(c)to express your/(d)feelings sincerely. / (e) No error.
5. (a) He feels his trouble / (b) as much or / (c) even more than they./ (d) No error
6. (a) I like reading / (b) more than / (c) to play games. / (d) No error
7. (a) There is not many traffic/(b)along the street/(c)where I live./(d)No error
8. (a) The police arrived and discovered / (b) a large number of hoarded sugar/ (c) in his shop. / (d) No error
9. (a) As a dramatist / (b) Shaw is superior than / (c) any other twentieth century writer. / (d) No error
10. (a) Of the two great cities/ (b) the former is / (c) biggest. / (d) No error
11. (a) Apche Indian is / B) more popular than / c) any rap singer in India / d) No error
12. (a) Everyone agrees that / (b) the Ganga is the holiest / (c) of all other rivers of India. / (d) No error.
13. (a)Everybody Knowns /b) that Radha is the most unique /c) dancer of this college / d) No Error
14. (a) Cats are cleaner /b) than monkeys but /c) monkeys are intelligent than cats / d) No Error .
15. (a) with little patience / b) Ram nath will be /c) able to cross this hurdle / D) No Error
16. (a) He is the most / (b) intelligent and also / (c) the very talented student of the college. / (d) No error
17. (a) There were just /b) two sandwiches left / c) on the plate /d) and so I took the biggest one / e)No Error .
18. (a) Delhi and Mumbai /b) are cosmopolitan cities /c) the later has a population / d) of over a million / e) No
Error .
19.More superior strength /b) of character could have /c) saved them from / d) a coward’s fate / e) No error .
20. He is smarter /b) enough to get / c) selected for this prestigious post / d) No Error .
21. (a) The number of applications has risen / (b) this year by / (c) as many as 50%./(d) No error
22. (a)Two lakh of people/(b)attended the meeting/(c)held in parade ground./(d)No error
23. (a) I am more lonelier / b) here than / c) I was in India / D) No error .
24. (a)Can you tell me how/(b)many eggs and/(c)milk he has brought/(d)No error
25. (a) Whole the chapter / (b) is full of printing errors which are the outcome / (c) of the proof reader’s
carelessness. (d) No error

Answer Key

1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C
11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A
21.C 22.A 23.A 24.B 25.A

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 13. Synonyms
Exercise -13.1

1. Abridge
A) Shorten b) Expand c) Build A Bridge d) Stop

2. Bias
a) Impartial b) Predilection c) Like d) Direct

3. Yields
a) Submits b) Produces c) Reduces d) Withstands

4. Eluded
a) Caught b) Escaped c) Ran d) Blinded

5. Colossal
a) Immense b) Kingdom c) Old d) Modern

6. Loaded
a) Completed b) Filled c) Secured d) Adjusted

7.often
a) Sometimes b) Rarely c) Frequently d) Hardly

8. Mounted
a) Climbed b) Took c) Tapped d) Moved

9 Commensurate
a) Measure b) Ratio c) Proportional d) Command

10. Hypocrisy
a) Applause b) Insincerity c) Truthful d) Criticism

11. Juvenile
a) Senile b) Young c) Person d) Jovial

12. Jargon
a) Cargo b) Pardon c) Gang d) Slang

13. Austere
a) Sincere b) Severe c) Auspicious d) Punish

14. Clandestine
a) Surreptitious b) Open c) Show Off d) Clamour

15. Compatriot
a) Foreigner b) Patriot c) Countryman d) Alien

16. Fatuous
a) Obese b) Absurd c) Pompous d) Sensible

17. Hallucination
a) Illusion b) Drowsy c) Dream d) Creation

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18. Opulence
a) Open-Minded b) Patience c) Obsolete d) Wealth

19. Alleviate
a) Levy b) Move c) Mitigate d) Cause Pain

20. Atrocious
a) Pleasant b) Brutal c) Audacity d) Extreme

21. Augment
a) Increase b) Segment c) Decrease d) Divide

22. Baffled
a) Noisy b) Affluent c) Bad d) Perplexed

23 Banal
a) Canal b) Trite c) Original d) Interesting

24. Caricature
a) Cartoon b) Draw c) Artist d) Paint

25. Circumvent
a) Round b) Open c) Clever d) Deceive

26. Commemorate
a) Remember b) Pray c) Celebrate d) Gather

27. Credulous
a) Believe b) Gullible c) Cheat d) Incredible

28. Dwindle
a) Cheat b) Run c) Spin d) Diminish

29. Fastidious
a) Fast b) Casual c) Choosy d) Slow

30 Feeble
a) Frail b) High c) Fall d) Strong

31. Feud
a) Argument b) Flood c) Few d) Quarrel

32. Frivolous
a) Frugal b) Carefree c) Mature d) Light

33. Frugal
a) Spendthrift b) Lean c) Costly d) Thrifty

34. Goad
a) Goat b) Provoke c) Think d) Lot

35. Efface
a) Erase b) Create c) Face d) Burn

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 Answer Key

1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
21.A 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.A
31.D 32.B 33.D 34.B 35.A

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 Exercise-13.2

1. Brevity
a). Concise b).Loquacious c).Confused d).Longevity

2. Feeble
a).Strong b).Firm c).Fragile d).Powerful

3).Miserable
a).Melancholy b).Glad c).Joyous d).Blessed

4. Horrible
a).Awful b).Attractive c).Delightful d).Charming

5. Scanty
a).Abundant b).paucity c).Ample d).Sufficient

6. Fame
a).Oblivion b).Infamous c).Notorious d).Repute

7. Worthless
a).Futile b).Admirable c).Valuable d).Worthful

8. Brutal
a).Humane b).Gentle c).Merciless d).Merciful

9. Audacious
a).Modest b).Timid c).Fearful d).Intrepid

10. Chivalry
a).Gallant b).Fearful c).Timid d).Trepid

11. Wicked
a).Heinous b).Altruist c).Virtuous d).Just

12. Abhor
a).Disdain b).Fondness c).Affection d).Love

13. Acerbic
a).Attachment b).Acrimonious c).Fondness d).Devotion

14.Filthy
a).Decent b).Immaculate c).Impure d).Clean

15.Pristine
a).Clean b).Dirty c).Impure d).Putrid

16.Combat
a).Harmony b).Peace c).Fighting d).Accord

17. Monster
a).Tiny b).Miniature c).Pygmy d).Gigantic

18.Apparent
a).Invisible b).Conspicuous c).Uncertain d).Secret
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19. Clandestine
a).Evidence b).Conceal c).Obvious d).Clear

20.Futile
a).Waste b).Expensive c).Useful d).Cheap

Answer Key

1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.A
11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.A

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 Practice Exercise
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.1997)
1. OBNOXIOUS
a) depressing b) disgusting c) arrogant d) filthy

2. COVENANT
a) case b) coupon c) contract d) settlement

3. DEFERENCE
a) indifference b) sympathy c) respect d) flattery

4. ABROGATE
a) repeal b) destroy c) delay d) dismiss

5. INTREPID
a) ambitious b) determined c) talkative d) fearless

(SSC Section Officer (Audit)Exam. 09.09.2001)

6. GRANDEUR
a) magnificence b) admiration c) happiness d) awe

7. INCEPTION
a) initiative b) beginning c) initial d) origin

8. COLOSSAL
a) famous b) vigorous c) energetic d) enormous

9. PARADOX
a) Paradise b) question c) puzzle d) challenge

10. PROLIFERATE
a) progression b) prohibit c) stipulate d) reproduce

SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.16.11.2003)

11. CENSURE
a) criticize b) appreciate c) blame d) abuse

12. DILIGENT
a) industrious b) indifferent c) intelligent d) energetic

13. CONTEMPLATION
a) consideration b) meditation c) deliberation d) speculation

14. ADULATION
a) duration b) argument c) flattery d) institution

15. QUIVER
a) quarrel b) quicken c) waver d) tremble

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 14.12.2003)

16. BEAUTIFUL
a) handsome b) alluring c) appealing d) attractive

17. MOMENTOUS
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a) important b) temporary c) fleeting d) monumental

18. INFATUATION
a) emotion b) passion c) imagination d) compassion

19. CONSIGNEE
a) delegate b) representative c) nominee d) messenger

20. TRAMP
a) wanderer b) cheat c) traveller d) pilgrim

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 05.12.2004)
21. IRREVERENCE
a) disrespect b) cruelty c) unkindness d) invalidity

22. AMICABLE
a) poisonous b) friendly c) satisfying d) heartening

23. PRUDENT
a) skilled b) experienced c) cautious d) criminal

24. PANACEA
a) flatter b) praise c) inactivity d) cure-all

25. BENEVOLENCE
a) ill-will b) morbidity c) kindness d) vision

26. VINDICATE
a) open b) ventilate c) justify d) recommend

27. OCCULT
a) religious b) unnatural c) supernatural d) strong

28. MENACE
a) request b) prayer c) threat d) curse

29. DELINEATE
a) expand b) portray c) explain d) argue

30. ABROGATE
a) elope b) gate-crash c) abolish d) destroy

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 05.06.2005)

31. SUCCESSIVE
a) rapid b) victorious c) beneficent d) consecutive

32. RAVAGE
a) destroy b) break c) demolish d) abolish

33. SUPERSTITIOUS
a) pious b) traditional c) irrational d) sacred

34. MENTOR
a) guide b) genius c) stylist d) philosopher

35. GARNISH
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a) paint b) adorn c) garner d) banish

36. INFRUCTUOUS
a) meaningless b) unnecessary c) redundant d) fruitless

37. FIDELITY
a) affection b) allegiance c) accuracy d) loyalty

38. GRUFF
a) hard b) rough c) tough d) sturdy

39. DOLEFUL
a) mournful b) sober c) regretful d) cheerless

40. FATAL
a) terrible b) deadly c) poisonous d) wrong

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 31.7.2005)

41. ELUDE
a) allure b) leave c) deceive d) escape

42. PREMONITION
a) insight b) uncertainty c) forewarning d) scope

43. DEROGATORY
a) injurious b) shattering c) destructive d) disparaging

44. NOMADIC
a) fighting b) rare c) strange d) wandering

45. RESTIVE
a) rested b) restless c) limited d) limitless

46. ERRONEOUSLY
a) previously b) effectively c) wrongly d) evidently

47. ESTRANGED
a) jealous b) angry c) separated d) suspicious

48. CAPITULATE
a) repeat b) execute c) summarize d) surrender

49. PROPITIATE
a) conform b) appease c) influence d) approach

50. CEREMONIAL
a) religious b) formal c) official d) pompous

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)

51. OBSESSION
a) pre-occupation b) suspicion c) frustration d) dejection

52. DILATE
a) spin b) weaken c) widen d) push

53. DUPLICATION
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a) breed b) reproduction c) print d) copying

54. PRIORITY
a) urgency b) protocol c) precedence d) necessity

55. FLUTTER
a) soar b) agitate c) change d) float

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.11.12.2005)

56. COMMAND
a) lead b) instruct c) manage d) supervise

57. GNOME
a) giant b) dwarf c) native d) alien

58. ABLUTION
a) censure b) forgiveness c) absolution d) washing

59. SURMOUNT
a) discount b) surround c) overcome d) capture

60. TORPID
a) insipid b) stupid c) sensitive d) inactive

61. SELECTION
a) denial b) preference c) refusal d) display

62. OSTENTATION
a) pomp b) pretence c) abundance d) plenty

63. CONVICT
a) adventurer b) fugitive c) criminal d) impostor

64. ITINERANT
a) frequent use of the word ‘it’ b) anything involving repetition
c) plan for a proposed journey d) travelling from place to place

65. TRANSPARENT
a) verbose b) involved c) witty d) lucid

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam.13.08.2006)

66. ENLIVEN
a) dampen b) cheer c) depress d) subdue

67. HAUGHTY
a) humble b) subservient c) meek d) conceited

68. DEMENTED
a) reasonable b) sensible c) idiotic d) lucid

69. ILL-BRED
a) uncouth b) well-bred c) courteous d) mannerly

70. KNACK
a) dexterity b) awkwardness c) clumsiness d) disability

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71. LACONIC
a) loquacious b) concise c) rambling d) verbose

72. KNAVISH
a) honorable b) noble c) trustworthy d) unscrupulous

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam.13.08.2006)

73. ASSERTIVE
a) unassertive b) timorous c) domineering d) unobtrusive

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 13.08.2006)

74. CAPRICIOUS
a) whimsical b) unmovable c) decisive d) stable
(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 13.08.2006)
75. DEXTERITY
a) incompetence b) gaucheness c) adroitness d) ineptitude

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
76. OBSTINATE
a) stubborn b) pretty c) silly d) clever

77. ALERT
a) hostile b) watchful c) brave d) quick

78. ACCEDE
a) consent b) access c) assess d) proceed

79. SUPERANNUATED
a) experienced b) accepted c) retired d) senile

80. AUDACITY
a) strength b) boldness c) asperity d) fear

81. DECREPITUDE
a) disease b) coolness c) crowd d) feebleness

82. TRANSITION
a) position b) translation c) change d) movement

83. ACCUSED
a) indicated b) indicted c) induced d) instigated

84. BECKONED
a) accused b) called c) sent d) acquitted

85. GENUINE
a) generous b) healthy c) natural d) original

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 26.11.2006 (IInd Sitting)

86. SOMBRE
a) gloomy b) quiet c) serious d) sleepy

87. REGRESS
a) deteriorate b) Degenerate c) backslide d) lapse

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88. TOXIC
a) bitter b) foul-smelling c) remedia d) poisonous

89. YARDSTICK
a) summation b) size c) statistics d) standard

90. LITTLE
a) trivial b) petty c) sample d) simple

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.10.12.2006)

91. AVARICE
a) generosity b) envy c) greed d) hatred

92. AUGUST
a) majestic b) important c) difficult d) huge

93. DECIMATED
a) denounced b) destroyed c) successful d) depressed

94. HURDLE
a) obstacle b) ban c) hedge d) relay

95. RARE
a) common b) usual c) scarce d) few

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam.30.09.2007 (IInd Sitting)

96. APPOSITE
a) contrary b) bitter c) appropriate d) misleading

97. SCORN
a) ridicule b) laugh c) condemn d) criticize

98. IMPIOUS
a) holy b) mischievous c) shrewd d) irreverent

99. FREELANCE
a) self-betrayed b) self- centred c) self-employed d) self-driven

100. SLITHER
a) slide b) move c) shake d) slip

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 25.11.2007)
101. ACCOUTREMENTS
a) relatives b) companions c) calculations d) equipment

102. VERACITY
a) freedom b) truth c) wisdom d) loyalty

103. INCESSANTLY
a) continuously b) inevitably c) regularly d) indiscreetly

104. HERALDED
a) clapped b) proclaimed c) protested d) rewarded

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105. DETRIMENTAL
a) deplorable b) fundamental c) harmful d) disgraceful

106. COLOSSAL
a) gigantic b) colourful c) beautiful d) fantastic

107. STUBBORN
a) timid b) arrogant c) adamant d) angry

108. INVARIABLE
a) usual b) universal c) constant d) similar

109. INDICTMENT
a) revelation b) acquittal c) refusal d) accusation

110. DULCET
a) sweet b) dull c) hard d) sour

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.10.12.2006)

111. DUBIOUS
a) doubtful b) disputable c) duplicate d) dangerous

112. FLABBERGASTED
a) scared b) embarrassed c) dumbfounded d) humiliated

113. ETERNAL
a) innumerable b) unmeasurable c) prolonged d) perpetual

114. GENUINE
a) authentic b) legitimate c) reliable d) pure

115. OBSCENE
a) indecent b) incorrigible c) ridiculous d) intolerable

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.30.11.2008)

116. INDIGNATION
a) hatred b) anger c) disapproval d) contempt

117. ACRONYM
a) A word with two or more meanings b) A word of new coinage
c) A word formed by the initial letters of words d) A word of picturesque effect

118. METICULOUS
a) interfere b) courage c) agreement d) careful

119. RESCIND
a) change b) revoke c) repeat d) reconsider

120. ANTIPATHY
a) dishonesty b) disturbance c) demonstration d) dislike

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.14.12.2008)

121. IILICIT
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a) immoral b) illegal c) ineligible d) illegible

122. FLAIR
a) talent b) tendency c) bias d) need

123. CONSERVATION
a) preservation b) respiration c) correction d) confusion

124. ABYSMAL
a) sickening b) gloomy c) sad d) bottomless

125. SALIENT
a) valiant b) variant c) prudent d) prominent

126. DECAMP
a) move b) encamp c) flee d) hide

127. PHILANTHROPIST
a) benefactor b) beneficiary c) matron d) sponsor

128. EXOTIC
a) alien b) strange c) rare d) grand

129. INCAPACITATE
a) cripple b) strengthen c) imprison d) invent

130. CONGREGATION
a) concentration b) meeting c) discussion d) judgement

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 29.03.2009)
131. IRREPROACHABLE
a) remarkable b) extraordinary c) faultless d) immense

132. FELICITY
a) prosperity b) honesty c) bliss d) sorrow

133. KNAVE
a) emperor b) enchanter c) soldier d) scoundrel

134. FRONTIER
a) edge b) landmark c) boundary d) corner

135. ROUT
a) death b) defeat c) loss d) crash

136. FOREGO
a) renounce b) disown c) leave d) accumulate

137. RECIPIENTS
a) creators b) donors c) receivers d) instigators

138. PRODIGAL
a) huge b) prodigious c) enormous d) wasteful

139. IMPOST
a) fertilizer b) dispatch c) tax d) postage
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140. COARSE
a) academic b) grain c) rough d) training

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.16.05.2010 (Ist Sitting)

141. LUXURIANT
a) luxury-loving b) lovely c) rich d) abundant

142. CANTANKEROUS
a) cancerous b) ferocious c) quarrelsome d) fissiparous

143. ONUS
a) sadness b) happiness c) responsibility d) criticism

144. DERISION
a) humiliation b) embarrassment c) ridicule d) condemnation

145. TRITE
a) commonplace b) clever c) brief d) impudent

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.16.05.2010 (IInd Sitting)

146. DEBACLE
a) decline b) downfall c) discomfiture d) degeneration

147. OSTRACISE
a) banish b) belittle c) beguile d) besiege

148. PROPHYLACTIC
a) antagonistic b) toxic c) preventive d) purgative

149. CODDLE
a) huddle b) satisfy c) protect d) cheat

150. FLIMSY
a) funny b) irrational c) weak d) partisan

(SSC SAS Exam. 26.06.2010 (Paper-I)

151. FATUOUS
a) fastidious b) fantastic c) funny d) silly

152. ARTFUL
a) artistic b) cunning c) intelligent d) attractive

153. PROPINQUITY
a) propensity b) prosperity c) nearness d) foresight

154. PROMISCUOUS
a) conspicuous b) virtuous c) indiscriminate d) spontaneous

155. IRASCIBLE
a) temperamental b) envious c) angry d) irritable

(SSC CISF ASI Exam. 29.08.2010 (Paper-I)

156. ILLICIT
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a) unlawful b) disgraceful c) improper d) infamous

157. OBSTINATE
a) antagonistic b) abstruse c) intrinsic d) stubborn

158. DANGEROUS
a) safe b) strong c) hazardous d) secure

159. CONFIDENTIAL
a) obvious b) honest c) secret d) accurate

160. CENSURE
a) criticize b) warn c) advise d) evaluate
(SSC (South Zone) Investigators Exam.12.09.2010)
161. CONTROVERT
a) subvert b) indict c) contradict d) confuse

162. VIRULENT
a) defunct b) deadly c) daring d) deceptive

163. SPIRITED
a) admirable b) adaptable c) advanced d) ardent

164. EXECRATE
a) curse b) deplore c) denounce d) desecrate

165. PERQUISITE
a) incentive b) privilege c) bonus d) reward

(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam.12.12.2010 (Paper-I)

166. BENEVOLENT
a) beneficial b) kind c) helpful d) supportive

167. ANCESTORS
a) extinct tribes b) relatives c) forefathers d) old people

168. EMBRACE
a) impress b) except c) embarrass d) accept

169. MEEK
a) light-hearted b) serious c) submissive d) benign

170. SUFFICIENT
a) full b) complete c) enough d) less

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.19.06.2011 (Ist Sitting)

171. LUCIDITY
a) fluidity b) politeness c) clarity d) fluency

172. INDICT
a) implicate b) elude c) charge d) manifest

173. APPRAISE
a) accuse b) praise c) appreciate d) judge
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174. DELUGE
a) confusion b) deception c) flood d) weapon

175. PREPONDERANCE
a) pre-eminence b) dominance c) domineering d) preoccupation

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.19.06.2011 (IInd Sitting)

176. BARREN
a) good b) wholesome c) unproductive d) profitable

177. INFAMY
a) notoriety b) glory c) integrity d) familiarity

178. INTREPID
a) hesitant b) fearless c) extrovert d) rash

179. PRODIGAL
a) exclusive b) productive c) lavish d) carefree

180. PERSPICUOUS
a) relevant b) precise c) brief d) clear

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (Ist Sitting)

181. LOQUACIOUS
a) talkative b) slow c) content d) unclear

182. VINDICTIVE
a) imaginative b) accusative c) spiteful d) aggressive

183. INCLEMENT
a) selfish b) active c) unfavourable d) inactive

184. GENIAL
a) cordial b) unselfish c) careful d) specific

185. ACCRUE
a) accumulate b) accommodate c) grow d) suffice

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (IInd Sitting)

186. POIGNANT
a) showy b) sad c) silly d) snobbish

187. QUERULOUS
a) critical b) curious c) complaining d) ambiguous

188. AUDACIOUS
a) brilliant b) powerful c) bold d) frightening

189. PERILOUS
a) hazardous b) rigorous c) resilient d) requisite

190. REVERIE
a) determination b) day-dream c) reality d) realization

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 (SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. 28.08.2011 (Paper–I)
191. FLAUNT
a) cut b) deceive c) exhibit d) blame

192. SUBJUGATE
a) capitulate b) conquer c) strike d) confuse

193. BEHAVIOUR
a) conduct b) blessing c) character d) response

194. STRINGENT
a) flexible b) inflexible c) staunch d) tough

195. DELIIBERATELY
a) spontaneously b) inadvertently c) intentionally d) naturally

(FCI Assistant Grade-II Exam. 22.01.2012 Paper-I)

196. REGARD
a) respect b) liking c) love d) suspicion

197. SWAP
a) snap b) exchange c) break d) exclude

198. PRUDENT
a) wise b) cunning c) frank d) severe

199. GENIUS
a) generous b) foreigner
c) a person with uncommon intellect d) athlete

200. CULMINATION
a) conclusion b) climax c) abyss d) cultivation

Answer key

1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D
11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.A
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.C
31.D 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.D 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.B
41.D 42.C 43.D 44.D 45.B 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.B
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. C 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.D 59.C 60. D
61. B 62. A 63. C 64. D 65.D 66.B 67.D 68.C 69.A 70. A
71. B 72. D 73. C 74. A 75.C 76.A 77.B 78. A 79.C 80. B
81.D 82.C 83.B 84.B 85.D 86.A 87.C 88.D 89.D 90.A
91.C 92.A 93.B 94.A 95.C 96.C 97.C 98.D 99.C 100.A
101.D 102.B 103.A 104.A 105.C 106.A 107.C 108.C 109.D 110.A
111.A 112.C 113.D 114.A 115.A 116.B 117.C 118.D 119.B 120.D
121.B 122.A 123.A 124.D 125.D 126.C 127.A 128.B 129.A 130.B
131.C 132.C 133.D 134.C 135.B 136.C 137.C 138.D 139.C 140.C
141.D 142.C 143.C 144.C 145.A 146.B 147.A 148.C 149.B 150.C
151.D 152.B 153.C 154.C 155.D 156.A 157.D 158.C 159.C 160.A
161.C 162.B 163.D 164.A 165.B 166.B 167.C 168.D 169.C 170.C
171.C 172.C 173.D 174.C 175.B 176.C 177.A 178.B 179.C 180.B

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181.A 182.C 183.C 184.A 185.A 186.B 187.C 188.C 189.A 190.B
191.C 192.B 193.A 194.D 195.C 196.A 197.B 198.A 199.C 200.B

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 14. Antonyms
Exercise-14.1

1. ENORMOUS
a) Soft b) Average c) Tiny d) Weak

2. Differential
a) Varied b) Homogenous c) Indifference d) Homologous

3. Altercation
a) Similarity b) Agreement c) Alteration d) Fight

4. Carelessness
a) Negligence b) Carefulness c) Worthiness d) Harshness

5. Busy
a) Occupied b) Engrossed c) Engaged d) Relaxed

6. Acquit
a) Release b) Quit c) Convict d) Acquire

7.attack
a) Defend b) Shoot c) Hit d) Product

8. Ample
a) Large b) Meagre c) Spacious d) Current

9. Audacity
a) Quivering b) Patricide c) Bravado d) Cowardice

10. Advance
a) Money b) Retreat c) Debt d) Back

11. Cautious
a) Careful b) Carefree c) Negligent d) Negligible

12. Abet
a) Prevent b) Aid c) Encourage d) Bet

13. Unruly
a) Obedient b) Lined c) Chatting d) Definite

14. Pernicious
a) Permanent b) Parochial c) Beneficial d) Dangerous

15. Absurd
a) Foolish b) Incongruous c) Brilliant d) Reasonable
Answer Key

1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.D

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 Exercise-14.2

1.Commissioned
a) Started b) Closed c) Finished d) Terminated

2. Censure
a) Rebuke b) Applaud c) Admonish d) Censor

3. Rebuked
a) Scolded b) Praised c) Talked d) Laughed

4. Barbarous
a) Uncivilized b) Old c) Civilized d) New

5 Ominous
a) Dangerous b) Fearful c) Eminent d) Auspicious

6. Zenith
a) Nadir b) Pinnacle c) Height d) Zeal

7. Steadfast
a) Slow b) Stiff c) Irresolute d) Dependable

8. Congenial
a) Sympathetic b) Friendly c) Disagreeable d) Inconvenient

9. Elevation
a) Depression b) Low c) Height d) Rise

10. Ambiguity
a) Clarity b) Obscurity c) Ambiguous d) Confusion

11. Fine
a) Grain b) Coarse c) Soft d) Worst

12. Expedite
a) Delay b) Impedite c) Hurry d) Exhibit

13. Docile
a) Stubborn b) Childish c) Obedient d) Submissive

14. Flexible
a) Change b) Reflex c) Soft d) Rigid

15. Mourn
a) Sad b) Death c) Happy d) Rejoice

Answer Key

1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.B 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.D

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 Exercise-14.3

1.HYPOCRITICAL
a) Gentle b) Sincere c) Amiable d) Dependablz

2.ESSENTIAL
a) Extra b) Noughts c) Minors d) Trivial

3.REVEALED
a) Denied b) Concealed c) Ignored d) Overlooked

4.STRINGENT
a) General b) Vehement c) Lenient d) Magnanimous

5.VIRTUOUS
a) Wicked b) Corrupt c) Vicious d) Scandalous

6.ENMITY
a) Important b) Unnecessary c) Friendship d) Likeness

7.SUPPRESS
a) Encourage b) Allow c) Praise d) Permit

8.INDUSTRIOUS
a) Indifferent b) Indolent c) Casual d) Passive

9.PRELIMINARY
a) Final b) First c) Secondary d) Initial

10.BASE
a) Climax b) Height c) Top d) Roof

11.LIABILITY
a) Property b) Assets c) Debt d) Treasure

12.HONORARY
a) Dishonorable b) Reputed c) Paid d) Official

13.IMPASSE
a) Resurgence b) Breakthrough c) Continuation d) Combination

14.ENCOURAGE
a) Dampen b) Disapprove c) Discourage d) Warn

15.VALUABLE
a) Invaluable b) Worthless c) Inferior d) Lowly

16 LOQUACIOUS
a) Reticent b) Talkative c) Garrulous d) Verbose

17.DENSITY
a) Rarity b) Intelligence c) Clarity d) Brightness

18.ANNOY
a) Praise b) Rejoice c) Please d) Reward

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19.MOUNTAIN
a) Plain b) Plateau c) Precipice d) Valley

20.ALIEN
a) Native b) Domiciled c) Natural d) Resident

21.ZENITH
a) Acme b) Top c) Nadir d) Pinnacle

22.FAINT-HEARTED
a) Warm-Hearted b) Full-Blooded c) Hot-Blooded d) Stout-Hearted

23.PROVOCATION
a) Vocation b) Pacification c) Peace d) Destruction

24.ADAPTABLE
a) Adoptable b) Flexible c) Yielding d) Rigid

25. MALICIOUS
a) Kind b) Boastful c) Generous d) Indifferent

26.ARROGANT
a) Humble b) Cowardly c) Egotistic d) Gentlemanly

27.CROWDED
a) Busy b) Congested c) Quiet d) Deserted

28.HINDRANCE
a) Aid b) Persuasion c) Cooperation d) Agreement

29. FAMOUS
a) Disgraced b) Unknown c) Evil d) Popular

30.SHRINK
a) Contract b) Spoil c) Expand d) Stretch

31.EXTRAVAGANCE
a) Luxury b) Poverty c) Economical d) Cheapness

32.FRUGAL
a) Copious b) Extravagant c) Generous d) Ostentatious

33.GRACEFUL
a) Rough b) Expert c) Miserable d) Awkward

34.LEND
a) Borrow b) Cheat c) Pawn d) Hire

35.EXTRICATE
a) Manifest b) Palpable c) Release d) Entangle

36.INDISCREET
a) Reliable b) Honest c) Prudent d) Stupid

37.APACIOUS
a) Limited b) Caring c) Foolish d) Changeable

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38.REPRESS
a) Inhibit b) Liberate c) Curb d) Restrain

39.HAPLESS
a) Cheerful b) Consistent c) Fortunate d) Shapely

40.EQUANIMITY
a) Resentment b) Dubiousness c) Duplicity d) Excitement

41.PERTINENT
a) Irrational b) Irregular c) Insistent d) Irrelevant

42.AWARE
a) Uncertain b) Ignorant c) Sure d) Doubtful

43.OBSCURE
a) Implicit b) Obnoxious c) Explicit d) Pedantic

44.COMFORT
a) Uncomfort b) Miscomfort c) Discomfort d) None Of These

45.ABLE
a) Disable b) Inable c) Unable d) Misable

46.VANITY
a) Pride b) Humility c) Conceit d) Ostentatious

47.EVASIVE
a) Free b) Honest c) Liberal d) Frank

48.FRESH
a) Faulty b) Sluggish c) Disgraceful d) Stale

49.STARTLED
a) Amused b) Relaxed c) Endless d) Astonished

50.ARTIFICIAL
a) Red b) Natural c) Truthful d) Solid

Answer Key

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.A
21.C 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.A 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.C
31.C 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.D
41.D 42.B 43.C 44.C 45.C 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.B

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 Exercise-14.4

1.LUCID
a) Glory b) Noisy c) Obscure D) Distinct

2.FICKLE
a) Courageous b) Sincere c) Steadfast D) Humble

3.MINOR
a) Big b) Major c) Tall d) Heavy

4.CONFESS
a) Deny b) Refuse c) Contest d) Contend

5.REPEL
a) Attend b) Concentrate c) Continue d) Attract

6.GAIN
a) Loose b) Fall c) Lost d) Lose

7.STATIONARY
a) Active b) Mobile c) Rapid d) Busy

8.ADHERENT
a) Detractor b) Enemy c) Alien d) Rival

9. REMISS
a) Forgetful b) Watchful c) Dutiful d) Harmful

10.SYNTHETIC
a) Affable b) Natural c) Plastic d) Cosmetic

11.BALANCE
a) Disbalance b) Misbalance c) Debalance d) Imbalance

12.TRANSPARENT
a) Semi-Transparent b) Muddy c) Opaque d) Dark

13.HOLLOW
a) Filled b) Solid c) Strong d) Substantial

14.DEFIANCE
a) Anxiety b) Obedience c) Suspicion d) Dismay

15.NIGGARDLY
a) Frugal b) Thrifty c) Stingy d) Generous

16.AUTONOMY
a) Slavery b) Subordination c) Dependence d) Submissiveness

17.CONCEDE
a) Object b) Refuse c) Grant d) Accede

18.METICULOUS
a) Mutual b) Shaggy c) Meretricious d) Slovenly

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19.PATCHY
a) Attractive b) Uniform c) Simple d) Clear

20.VIOLENT
a) Humble b) Harmless c) Gentle d) Tame

21.HAPHAZARD
A) Fortuitous b) Indifferent c) Deliberate d) Accidental

22. Exodus
a) Influx b) Home-Coming c) Return d) Restoration

23.GULLIBLE
a) Incredulous b) Fickle c) Easy d) Stylish

24.RARELY
a) Hardly b) Definately c) Frequently d) Periodically

25.ADDITION
a) Division b) Enumeration c) Subtraction d) Multiplication

26.DEAR
a) Priceless b) Free c) Worthless d) Cheap

27.GREGARIOUS
a) Antisocial b) Glorious c) Horrendous d) Similar

28.HOSTILITY
a) Courtesy b) Hospitality c) Relationship d) Friendliness

29.TANGIBLE
a) Ethereal b) Concrete c) Actual d) Solid

30.DOUBTFUL
a) Famous b) Certain c) Fixed d) Important

31.PERENNIAL
a) Frequent b) Regular c) Lasting d) Rare

32.EPILOGUE
a) Dialogue b) Prelude c) Post Script d) Epigram

33.LOVE
a) Villainy b) Hatred c) Compulsion d) Force

34.SUBSERVIENT
a) Aggressive b) Straightforward c) Dignified d) Supercilious

35.SACROSANCT
a) Irreligious b) Unethical c) Irreverent d) Unholy

36.FAMILIAR
a) Unpleasant b) Dangerous c) Friendly d) Strange

37.VICTORIOUS
a) Defeated b) Annexed c) Destroyed d) Vanquished

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38.INSIPID
a) Tasty b) Stupid c) Discreet d) Feast

39.COMIC
A) Emotional b) Tragic c) Fearful d) Painful

40. ABSOLUTE
a) Deficient b) Faulty c) Limited d) Scarc

41.FLIMSY
a) Frail b) Filthy c) Firm d) Flippant

42.BENIGN
a) Malevolent b) Soft c) Friendly d) Unwise

43.COMMON
a) Rare b) Small c) Petty d) Poor

44.URBANE
a) Illiterate b) Backward c) Discourteous d) Orthodox

45.NADIR
a) Modernity b) Zenith c) Liberty d) Progress

46.ACQUITTED
a) Freed b) Burdened c) Convicted d) Entrusted

47.CONDENSE
a) Expand b) Distribute c) Interpret d) Lengthen

48.HIRSUTE
a) Scaly b) Bald c) Erudite d) Quiet

49.QUIESCENT
a) ACTIVE b) Dormant c) Weak d) Unconcerned

50.CULPABLE
a) Defendable b) Blameless c) Careless d) Irresponsible

Answer Key

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B
11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.C
21.C 22.A 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.A 30.B
31.D 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.D 37.A 38.A 39.B 40.C
41.C 42.A 43.A 44.C 45.B 46.C 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.B

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 Practice Exercise

In these questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the word given in bold.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 1997)
1. OSTRACISE
a) amuse b) welcome c) entertain d) host

2. DENSE
a) scarce b) slim c) sparse d) lean

3. PARSIMONIOUS
a) prodigious b) selfless c) extravagant d) ostentatious

4. FETTER
a) restore b) liberate c) exonerate d) distract

5. HARMONY
a) strife b) annoyance c) cruelty d) mischief

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 09.09.2001)

6. CONCILIATION
a) dispute b) irritation c) separation d) confrontation

7. MYTH
a) truth b) fact c) falsehood d) story

8. RELUCTANTLY
a) pleasingly b) willingly c) satisfactorily d) happily

9. MUTILATE
a) instruct b) induct c) conduct d) mend

10. LAMENT
a) rejoice b) rejuvenate c) complain d) cry

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 16.11.2003)

11. ANIMOSITY
a) love b) lust c) luck d) loss

12. ALTERCATION
a) explanation b) challenge c) compromise d) opposition

13. COAX
a) dull b) dissuade c) active d) speed

14. ERUDITE
a) educated b) unscholarly c) scholarly d) possessive

15. AFFLUENT
a) high b) poor c) rare d) fluent

(SSC Section Officer (Audit)Exam. 14.12.2003)

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16. PAROCHIAL
a) narrow b) international c) global d) world wide

17. FALLIBLE
a) unerring b) reliable c) falsehood d) trustful

18. IMPERTINENT
a) arrogance b) appropriate c) respectful d) modest

19. ROUGH
a) refined b) charming c) smooth d) polite

20. RATIFICATION
a) disapproval b) disagreeable c) denial d) disturbing

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.05.12.2004)

21. OMIT
a) exclude b) include c) undertake d) add

22. INTEGRATION
a) unity b) synthesis c) linking d) fragmentation

23. MINIATURE
a) large b) small c) heavy d) least

24. EXHAUSTS
a) tires b) empties c) invigorates d) drains

25. DISTANT
a) far b) close c) imminent d) along

26. TRANSPARENT
a) clear b) ambiguity c) opaque d) crystal

27. ENCOUNTERED
a) avoided b) enriched c) faced d) overcome

28. HANDY
a) cumbersome b) handful c) unwieldy d) heavy

29. ELEGANCE
a) pride b) beauty c) coarseness d) vulgarity

30. CAPRICIOUS
a) firm b) fickle c) indefinite d) defian

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.05.06.2005)

31. EXODUS
a) influx b) home-coming c) return d) restoration

32. INQUISITIVE
a) insincere b) indifferent c) insensitive d) insulting

33. CANDID
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a) outspoken b) frank c) devious d) disguised

34. NADIR
a) modernity b) zenith c) liberty d) progress

35. CULPABLE
a) defendable b) blameless c) careless d) irresponsible

36. FACILITATE
a) help b) propogate c) hinder d) reject

37. CRITICISE
a) finish b) recommend c) commend d) request

38. CONFORMITY
a) deviation b) dilution c) distraction d) diversion

39. AFFIRM
a) refuse b) negate c) neglect d) avoid

40. AUTONOMY
a) slavery b) subordination c) dependence d) submissiveness

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 31.7.2005)

41. SURVIVAL
a) evolution b) development c) creation d) extinction

42. INSERT
a) depict b) extract c) defame d) enhance

43. INCONGRUOUS
a) conflicting b) contradictory c) ill-matched d) harmonious

44. DEMENTED
a) sensible b) sensitive c) sensual d) sensuous

45. IMPROMPTU
a) prompt b) forced c) premeditated d) inordinate

46. HOSTILE
a) friendly b) sudden c) costly d) unfair

47. BREADTH
a) shortness b) narrowness c) lightness d) thickness

48. TIMOROUS
a) trembling b) cowardly c) bright d) bold

49. SUBLIME
a) amusing b) ludicrous c) hilarious d) mean

50. ECCENTRICITY
a) normalcy b) similarity c) equality d) clarity

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)

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51. GENTLEMAN
a) clown b) boor c) dud d) buffoon

52. PANICKY
a) confident b) sober c) quiet d) calm

53. MOURNFUL
a) playful b) joyous c) laughable d) humorous

54. OBSTINATE
a) confused b) determined c) trusted d) flexible

55. MYOPIC
a) short-sighted b) feeble-minded c) fore-sighted d) far-sighted

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.11.12.2005)

56. PRUDENT
a) silly b) unwise c) idiotic d) poor

57. CONCISE
a) extended b) lengthy c) protracted d) elongated

58. AFFIRMATION
a) denial b) refusal c) opposition d) obstruction

59. CURTAIL
a) arrive b) continue c) resume d) start

60. AFFLUENCE
a) misery b) stagnation c) neglect d) poverty

61. AGREEMENT
a) dislocation b) discord c) turbulence d) fragmentation

62. AGONY
a) pleasure b) laughter c) bliss d) ecstasy

63. RETICENT
a) forward b) developed c) sophisticated d) communicative

64. PRECISE
a) indecent b) vague c) incorrect d) indistinct

65. CANDID
a) cunning b) diplomatic c) doubtful d) impertinent

(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam.13.08.2006)

66. APOCRYPHAL
a) authentic b) dubious c) unsubstantiated d) fictitious

67. REPEL
a) attend b) concentrate c) continue d) attract

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 (SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam.13.08.2006)

68. APALLING
a) shocking b) consoling c) scaring d) horrifying

69. JEST
a) gravity b) grim c) genial d) sport

70. CURTAIL
a) lengthen b) shorten c) entail d) close

71. APPLAUD
a) praise b) loud c) censure d) acclaim

72. JADE
a) defend b) grasp c) cheer d) harass

73. APPRECIATION
a) appraisal b) antipathy c) admiration d) assessment

74. PACIFY
a) threaten b) challenge c) quarrel d) enrage

75. APPARENT
a) ambiguous b) clear c) visible d) conspicuous

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.12.11.2006)

76. ATHEIST
a) rationalist b) theologist c) believer d) ritualist

77. GIGANTIC
a) weak b) fragile c) slight d) tiny

78. ILLICIT
a) liberal b) intelligent c) lawful d) clear

79. CALLOUS
a) sensitive b) soft c) kind d) generous

80. ENIGMATIC
a) simple b) reticent c) plain d) nervous

81. ABUNDANT
a) short b) limited c) petty d) meagre

82. HARASS
a) reward b) praise c) flatter d) relieve

83. CHARMING
a) insolent b) indignant c) repulsive d) handicapped

84. GRUESOME
a) attractive b) beneficial c) gracious d) amicable

85. DESPISE
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a) appease b) flatter c) admire d) appreciate

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 26.11.2006 (IInd Sitting)

86. CUMBERSOME
a) heavy b) convenient c) smooth d) automatic

87. LOQUACIOUS
a) talkative b) taciturn c) diffident d) bashful

88. INTELLIGIBLE
a) dull b) foolish c) garbled d) confused

89. PHILANTHROPIST
a) philistine b) moralist c) spendthrift d) miser

90. ANXIOUS
a) fearful b) worried c) calm d) concerned

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.10.12.2006)

91. ABUNDANCE
a) poverty b) wretchedness c) scarcity d) famine

92. MIGRATE
a) return b) rehabilitate c) transfer d) settle

93. CONVICTED
a) acquitted b) pardoned c) exempted d) liberated

94. CURTAIL
a) detail b) enlarge c) promote d) exaggerate

95. ARID
a) cloudy b) juicy c) marshy d) wet

(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 30.09.2007 (IInd Sitting)

96. INSOLENT
a) arrogant b) humble c) ashamed d) ignorant

97. CURSORY
a) final b) thorough c) impulsive d) customary

98. LACKADAISICAL
a) enthusiastic b) intelligent c) classical d) irresponsible

99. SUBLIME
a) inferior b) deficit c) ridiculous d) crooked

100. EVIDENT
a) definite b) careless c) clear d) obscure

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 25.11.2007)

101. EPHEMERAL
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a) eternal b) transitory c) mortal d) temporal

102. LATENT
a) unspoken b) later c) implicit d) obvious

103.MONOTONOUS
a) disastrous b) terrifying c) terrible d) interesting

104.OBSCENE
a) disobedient b) decent c) dislocate d) cautious

105. FLOURISH
a) perish b) degenerate c) decay d) dismiss

106.CONFORM
a) differ b) reject c) question d) ignore

107. SUMMIT
a) end b) last c) base d) bottom

108.OBSCURE
a) clear b) bright c) open d) frank

109.ELEGANT
a) crude b) efficient c) coy d) eloquent

110.DELUSION
a) reality b) acceptance c) precision d) fiction

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)

111.DESPAIR
a) belief b) trust c) hope d) faith

112. IN TOTO
a) bluntly b) partially c) entirely d) strongly

113. PROTEAN
a) amateur b) catholic c) unchanging d) rapid

114. PREDILECTION
a) acceptance b) attraction c) dislike d) choice

115.ADMONISH
a) condemn b) bless c) praise d) congratulate

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 30.11.2008)

116. APPARENT
a) illegible b) hidden c) mysterious d) remote

117. ALIEN
a) native b) domiciled c) natural d) resident

118. FUTILE
a) upright b) costly c) eminent d) worthy
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119.AUDACIOUS
a) meek b) cowardly c) mild d) gentle

120. ARROGANT
a) simple b) timid c) civilized d) modest

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.14.12.2008)

121. SUPPRESS
a) stir up b) rouse c) urge d) incite

122. LOOSEN
a) fasten b) accelerate c) delay d) paste

123.REBELLION
a) forgiveness b) retribution c) submission d) domination

124. IDIOSYNCRASY
a) insanity b) sanity c) generality d) singularity

125. SANGUINE
a) diffident b) hopeless c) cynical d) morose

126. SOBRIETY
a) moderation b) drunkenness c) dizziness d) stupidity

127. EXTINCT
a) recent b) distinct c) alive d) ancient

128. FIENDISH
a) diabolical b) devilish c) angelic d) friendly

129. SUBSEQUENT
a) eventual b) succeeding c) prior d) comparative

130.ORTHODOX
a) revolutionary b) heretical c) anarchist d) generous

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise)Exam. 29.03.2009)

131. TAKES OFF

a) travels b) falls c) explodes d) lands

132.NIGGARDLY
a) hastily b) lavishly c) likely d) gorgeously

133.MELODIOUS
a) harmonious b) tuneless c) odious d) mellifluous

134.ADVANCED
a) progressed b) outpaced c) receded d) retarded

135. ENLIGHTEN
a) slander b) bemoan c) darken d) befog

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136. EXCEPTIONAL
a) great b) occasional c) common d) absorbing

137. ZEAL
a) disinterest b) apathy c) carelessness d) hatred

138.DESECRATION
a) consecration b) discouragement c) despondency d) expectation

139. SHIMMERING
a) gloomy b) glimmering c) refreshing d) repining

140. FAR-FETCHED
a) wise b) prudent c) familiar d) realistic

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 16.05.2010 (Ist Sitting)

141. FLORID
a) weak b) pale c) monotonous d) ugly

142. VERITY
a) sanctity b) reverence c) falsehood d) rarity

143. PERSPICUITY
a) vagueness b) dullness c) unfairness d) unwillingness

144. FERVENT
a) inexcitable b) enduring c) dispassionate d) subdued

145.MEANDERING
a) sliding b) sloping c) strained d) straight

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 16.05.2010 ( IInd Sitting)

146. JETTISON
a) accept b) reward c) preserve d) consent

147. AMELIORATE
a) improve b) depend c) soften d) worsen

148.GROTESQUE
a) natural b) odd c) whimsical d) sinful

149.DEVIOUS
a) straight b) obvious c) simple d) superficial

150. EVANESCENT
a) imminent b) permanent c) pervasive d) immanent

(SSC CISF ASI Exam. 29.08.2010 (Paper-I)

151. AFFLUENT
a) famous b) insignificant c) poor d) skilled

152.OBSCURE
a) vacant b) seldom c) distinct d) unusual
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153.AMBIGUOUS
a) concealed b) precise c) complete d) magnified

154.KEEN
a) blunt b) foolish c) insipid d) plain

155. BRAVERY
a) savagery b) cowardice c) cowardly d) heroism

(SSC (South Zone) Investigators Exam. 12.09.2010)

156.EXASPERATING
a) soothing b) successful c) annoying d) distressing

157.EMACIATED
a) healthy b) luxurious c) intelligent d) sympathetic

158. ABERRATION
a) regularity b) commonality c) particularity d) normality

159. AFFABLE
a) pleasant b) surly c) weak d) unknown

160.RUEFULLY
a) cheerfully b) regretfully c) thoughtfully d) hopefully

(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam.12.12.2010 (Paper-I)

161.GLOOMY
a) radiant b) fragrant c) melodious d) illusory

162. BLESSING
a) dull b) curse c) hurt d) harsh

163.ACCOMPLISH
a) fail b) improper c) disagreeable d) scatter

164. FAMOUS
a) obscure b) eminent c) lenient d) fabulous

165.ORDERLY
a) unclear b) valueless c) chaotic d) incomplete

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.19.06.2011 (Ist Sitting)

166. INVINCIBLE
a) small b) invisible c) vulnerable d) reachable

167. INOFFENSIVE
a) sensitive b) organic c) sensible d) rude

168.DIVULGE
a) conceal b) disguise c) oppress d) reveal

169.DISCORD
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a) harmony b) serenity c) acceptance d) placidity

170. MAMMOTH
a) quiet b) significant c) huge d) small

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.19.06.2011 (Ist Sitting))

171. LIBERTY
a) serenity b) slavery c) serfdom d) subordination

172. DISORDERLY
a) chaotic b) organized c) adjusted d) arranged

173. ELEVATION
a) reduction b) humiliation c) depression d) debasement

174.GLOSSY
a) dull b) shining c) weary d) tired

175. APPROPRIATE
a) dissimilar b) incomparable c) unsuitable d) disparate

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (Ist Sitting)

176. ACCORD
a) disagreement b) welcome c) disrespect d) conformity

177. INFIRMITY
a) employment b) indisposition c) strength d) weakness

178. FEASIBLE
a) useful b) impractical c) uneven d) important

179.METICULOUS
a) forgetful b) destructive c) careless d) flagrant

180. SYNTHETIC
a) natural b) plastic c) cosmetic d) apathetic

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (IInd Sitting)

181.AUTONOMOUS
a) self-government b) dependent c) defensive d) neutral

182. DECEITFUL
a) sincere b) useful c) plain d) honest

183. EXONERATE
a) admit b) release c) convict d) reject

184.EXAGGERATE
a) underwrite b) understate c) ignore d) condemn

185. CONTROVERSIAL
a) indisputable b) restrained c) controlled d) appeasing

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 (SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. 28.08.2011 (Paper-I)

186. BRITTLE
a) weak b) strong c) fragile d) bright

187.CALLOUS
a) rude b) insensitive c) indifferent d) sympathetic

188. DISHEVELLED
a) composed b) tidy c) confident d) jovial

189. IMPEDE
a) obstruct b) advance c) linger d) guarantee

190. PERILLOUS
a) carefree b) impetuous c) safe d) impure

(SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. 28.08.2011 (Paper-I)

191. EVIDENT
a) suspected b) disagreed c) doubtful d) unimportant

192. ADAMANT
a) yielding b) permissive c) liberal d) tolerant

193.PROFESSIONAL
a) novice b) amateur c) dabbler d) apprentice

194.CALLOUS
a) persuasive b) caring c) gentle d) sensitive

195. INCREDIBLE
a) credulous b) probable c) possible d) creditable

FCI Assistant Grade-III Exam. 25.02.2012 (Paper-I) North Zone (Ist Sitting)

196.DETEST
a) test b) dislike c) like d) interest

197. INTENTIONAL
a) accidental b) undecided c) concentrated d) broken

198.COMMENCE
a) start b) schedule c) conclude d) dissolve

199. EXPAND
a) contract b) contrast c) consist d) controvert

200. PROSPERITY
a) propriety b) property c) adversity d) perspicacity

Answer Key

1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.A
21.B 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.D 30.A
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31.A 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.A 40.C
41.D 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.A 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.A
51.B 52.D 53.B 54.D 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.D
61.B 62.A 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.A 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.A
71.C 72.C 73.B 74.D 75.A 76.C 77.D 78.C 79.A 80.C
81.D 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.C 86.B 87.B 88.D 89.D 90.C
91.C 92.A 93.A 94.B 95.D 96.B 97.B 98.A 99.A 100.D
101.A 102.D 103.D 104.B 105.B 106.A 107.D 108.A 109.A 110.A
111.C 112.B 113.C 114.C 115.C 116.B 117.A 118.D 119.B 120.D
121.D 122.A 123.C 124.C 125.B 126.B 127.C 128.D 129.C 130.B
131.D 132.B 133.B 134.D 135.D 136.C 137.B 138.A 139.A 140.D
141.B 142.C 143.A 144.C 145.D 146.A 147.D 148.A 149.A 150.B
151.C 152.C 153.B 154.A 155.B 156.A 157.A 158.D 159.B 160.A
161.A 162.B 163.A 164.A 165.C 166.C 167.D 168.A 169.A 170.D
171.B 172.D 173.C 174.A 175.C 176.A 177.C 178.B 179.C 180.A
181.B 182.C 183.C 184.B 185.A 186.B 187.D 188.B 189.B 190.C
191.C 192.A 193.B 194.D 195.C 196.C 197.A 198.C 199.A 200.C

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 15. Idioms & Phrases

In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the meaning of the given Idiom/Phrase. Choose the
alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.

1. A bolt from the blue

(a) a delayed event (b) an inexplicable event
(c) an unexpected event (d) an unpleasant event

2. Cold comfort
(a) absurdity (b) deception
(c) slight satisfaction (d) foolish proposal

3. To be all at sea.
(a) a family voyage (b) lost and confused
(c) in the middle of the ocean (d) a string of islands

4. To take to one's heels

(a) to walk slowly (b) to run away
(c) to march forward (d) to hop and jump

5. To bite the dust

(a) eat voraciously (b) to be humiliated
(c) eat roots (d) None of the above

6. a damp squib
(a) rainy weather (b) a disappointing result
(c) a skirt in a laundry (d) None of the above

7. in cold blood
(a) angrily (b) deliberately (c) excitedly (d) slowly

8. to take someone for a ride

(a) to give a ride to someone (b) to deceive someone
(c) to be indifferent (d) to disclose a secret

9. to move heaven and earth

(a) to cause an earthquake (b) to try everything possible
(c) to pray to all Gods (d) to tavel in a rocket

10. to smell a rat

(a) to smell foul (b) to see a rat
(c) to chase a rat (d) to be suspicious

11. Ram is very calculative and always has an axe to grind.

(a) has no result (b) works for both sides
(c) has a private agenda (d) fails to arouse interest

12. The police looked all over for him but drew a blank.
(a) did not find him (b) put him in prison
(c) arrested him (d) took him to court

13. On the issue of marriage, Sarita put her foot down.

(a) stood up (b) was firm (c) got down (d) walked fast

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14. His investments helped him make a killing in the stock market.
(a) lose money quickly (b) plan a murder quickly
(c) murder someone quickly (d) make money quickly

15. There is no gainsaying the fact that the country is in difficulties.

(a) ignoring (b) hiding (c) forgetting (d) denying

16. His speech has taken the wind out of my sails.

(a) made my words or actions ineffective (b) made me depressed
(c) made me think for the future (d) made me remember my past

17. There is no point in discussing the new project with him as he always pours cold water on any ideas.
(a) puts off (b) dislikes (c) disapproves of (d) postpones

18. Regadless of what her parents said, she wanted to let her
hair down that night.
(a) really enjoy (b) wash her hair
(c) comb her hair (d) work till late

19. I jumped out of my skin when the explosion happened.

(a) was in panic (b) was excited
(c) was nervous (d) was angry

20. She didn’t realize that the clever salesman was taking her for a ride.
(a) trying to trick her (b) taking her in a car
(c) pulling her a long ride (d) forcing her to go with him

21. The project is carried over to this year, and we need to keep the ball rolling.
(a) to continue the work (b) more information
(c) to do better (d) new strategies

22. The host team bore the palm in the league matches.
(a) played quite well (b) was victorious
(c) was defeated (d) played a very boring match

23. Just keep your wig on. Everything will be alright.

(a) Hold on to your wig, so it won’t fall off (b) Get another hair cut
(c) Calm down (d) Take off your wig

24. Parents pay through the nose for their children’s education.
(a) by taking loans (b) an extremely high price
(c) grudgingly (d) willingly

25. Monica’s habit of picking holes in every relationship is very irksome.

(a) admiring people (b) finding fault
(c) criticizing people (d) arguing with people

26. Once the case reached the court, the police washed their hands off it.
(a) waited for a response to (b) claimed credit for
(c) disassociated themselves from (d) seemed eager to continue

27. She wanted to go hitch-hiking but her mother put her foot
down and now she’s going by bus.
(a) took a firm stand (b) expressed her displeasure
(c) scolded her badly (d) got irritated

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28. Adolescence is a period of halcyon days.
(a) hard days (b) of mental pressure
(c) happy days (d) days of preparation

29. My sincere advice to my maidservant fell on stony ground.

(a) was counter productive (b) had a strong impact
(c) made on stubborn (d) had little success

30. He has all his ducks in a row; he is complacent.

(a) has everything ready (b) is well organised
(c) always scores a zero (d) never gets confused

31. For some people, writing verse is as duck takes to water.

(a) like taking the duck to water (b) like bursting out suddenly
(c) like dropping the duck in the water (d) like easily and naturally speaking

32. He made my day by telling me how important I was to him.

(a) gave me great pleasure (b) displeased me
(c) spoiled my day (d) made me resentful

33. He made away with ten thousand rupees in the course of three months.
(a) earned (b) ran away with (c) squandered (d) saved

34. The students of that group have assured their project guide that they will all work against the clock.
(a) work while keeping patience (b) work with vigour to finish in limited time
(c) work with enthusiasm (d) work hard to go against the time

35. To let off steam, my friend started murmuring.

(a) to release his tension (b) to show his anger
(c) to show his approval (d) to show his displeasure

36. I could have continued my higher studies if I wanted but, that’s water under the bridge.
(a) somthing I cannot change (b) the time I met with an accident near the bridge
(c) something my family did not want (d) the time I went on a cruise

37. My parents want me to study science, but I will stick to my guns and graduate in Economics.
(a) prefer to disobey them (b) hold on to my decision
(c) refuse to listen to them (d) show them that they are wrong

38. The manager dismissed the proposal out of hand and said that it was not at all practical.
(a) completely (b) directly (c) simply (d) quickly

39. The people of this village are the salt of the earth.
(a) rich (b) educated (c) quarrelsome (d) kind

40. He accused her of talking through her hat and refused to accept a word of what she said.
(a) talking straight (b) talking nonsense
(c) talking tough (d) talking sense

41. Villagers always call a spade a spade.

(a) to speak about spades (b) to speak in a straightforward manner
(c) to call someone a spade (d) to speak ill about someone

42. Marty broke a dining-room window and had to face the music when her father got home.
(a) accept the punishment (b) listen carefully

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(c) ask a lot of questions (d) listen to music

43. To play second fiddle

(a) to be happy, cheerful and healthy (b) to reduce the importance of one's senior
(c) take a subordinate role (d) to do back seat driving

44. Why are you jumping down my throat ? I wasn't even in the house when it happened.
(a) running away (b) making a joke (c) scolding me (d) forcing me to eat

45. I am out of my wits and therefore cannot find a way to solve the problem immediately.
(a) not intelligent enough (b) greatly confused
(c) helpless without power (d) totally ignorant

46. Hard work pays in the long run.

(a) always (b) over a period of time (c) indefinitely (d) never

47. I felt a fish out of water among the lawyers.

(a) special (b) happy (c) uncomfortable (d) proud

48. The Cauvery water issue led to apple of discord between the two Governments.
(a) cause of anger b) cause of hatred
(c) cause of quarrel (d) cause of animosity

49. The construction remains unfinished and the workers have let the grass grow under their feet.
(a) grown grass all over the lawn (b) gone on a luxury tour
(c) delayed doing the work (d) demanded more benefits

50. The police smelt the rat behind the death of the girl.
(a) got very much confused (b) identified the cause of death
(c) suspected that something is fishy (d) jumped to the conclusion

51. Let sleeping dogs lie.

(a) Do not bring up an old controversial issue (b) Dogs can raise tempers
(c) Do not allow dogs to stand (d) Prevent dog mobility

52. To get admission in present day educational institutions, all children should be born with a silver spoon in the
mouth.
(a) be born to silver spoon manufacturer (b) always hold a silver spoon
(c) be born with silver spoon (d) be born in a rich family

53. A man of straw means

(a) a worthy fellow (b) an unreasonable person
(c) a man of no substance (d) a very active person

54. Children complain about their parents' gifts. They should learn not to look gift horse in the mouth.
(a) not to look at a horse's mouth (b) not to find fault with the gifts received
(c) not to ask for more gift (d) not to find goodness in the gifts

55. Acquiring a job a cakewalk for a student who has good academic performance coupled with the good attitude.
(a) walk away with a cake (b) a difficult achievement
(c) a walkway made with cakes (d) an easy achievement

56. To be above board.

(a) To have a good height (b) To be honest in any business deal
(c) Having no debts (d) To try to be beautiful

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57. To cry wolf.
(a) To listen eagerly (b) To give false alarm
(c) To turn pale (d) To keep off starvation

58. He is on the wrong side of seventy.

(a) more than seventy years old (b) less than seventy years old
(c) seventy years old (d) eighty years old

59. To have an axe to grind.

(a) a private end to serve (b) to fail to arouse interest
(c) to have no result (d) to work for both sides

60. To drive home.

(a) To find one’s root (b) To return to place of rest
(c) Back to original position (d) To emphasise

61. What egged you on to become a social worker?

(a) urged (b) dampened (c) hindered (d) discouraged

62. Many politicians in India are not fit to hold a candle to Mahatma Gandhi.
(a) superior (b) equal (c) inferior (d) indifferent

63. She must be paying through the nose for the face left.
(a) paying less than necessary (b) paying too much
(c) paying the right amount (d) paying reluctantly

64. He is putting the cart before the horse by purchasing furniture before buying a house.
(a) doing a thing in the wrong way (b) doing a thing in the right way
(c) committing a great crime (d) doing things meticulously

65. Casting pearls before swine.

(a) speaking nice words and convincing them (b) offering good things to underserving people
(c) uplifting the needy for their welfare (d) doing worthwhile things to unknown people

66. I tried to feel his pulse on the issue, but in vain.

(a) find his views (b) enlighten him
(c) argue with him (d) guide him

67. For this act of indifference he will be taken to task by the authority.
(a) he will get an offical reprimand from the authority.
(b) he will be rewarded by the authority.
(c) he will tender his resignation to the authority.
(d) he will be entrusted with an official job.

68. You need to have something up your sleeve if the present plan does not work.
(a) have some honest means (b) have some hidden sources of money
(c) have a secret pocket in the sleeve (d) have an alternative plan

69. The new manager ruled the roost to every one.

(a) exercised authority (b) rushed through work
(c) got paid very handsomely (d) created good impression

70. Despite his initial arrogance he had to eat humble pie.

(a) he had to yield under pressure (b) he maintained composure
(c) he failed to protest eventually (d) he accepted the food oflfered

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71. The police cordoned off the area after the explosion.
(a) The police checked everyone in the area
(b) The police did not allow anyone to leave the area
(c) The police filled the whole area
(d) The police isolated the area

72. The manager hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was wet behind the ears.
(a) stupid and slow-witted (b) young and inexperienced
(c) drenched-in the rain . (d) unpunctual and lethargic

73. Mrs. Roy keeps_an open house on Saturday evening parties— you’ll find all kinds of people there.
(a) keeps the doors of the house open (b) keeps the gates open for a few persons
(c) welcomes all members (d) welcomes a select group of people

74. The man changed colours when I questioned him on the allocation of funds.
(a) turned pale (b) got numbed (c) turned happy (d) get motivated

75. We cannot depend on him for this assignment as it needs careful handling and he is like a bull in a china shop.
(a) a felicitous person (b) a clumsy person
(c) a tactful person (d) a no-nonsense person

76. The mother always insists on keeping the house spick and span.
(a) open (b) locked (c) safe (d) tidy

77. Hue and cry

(a) lot of laughter (b) an uproar (c) a burst of anger (d) plenty of tears

78. To win laurels

(a) to achieve success (b) to win the hearts of ladies
(c) to win praise (d) to win a lottery

79. To pay heed

(a) to submit (b) to listen (c) to care for (d) to understand

80. To eat the humble pie

(a) feel humiliated (b) feel abandoned (c) feel rejected (d) feel glorified

81. A tall order

(a) too difficult a task (b) a normal task (c) a simple task (d) an easy task

82. With great difficulty, he was able to carve out a niche for himself.
(a) became a sculptor (b) did the best he could do
(c) destroyed his career (d) developed a specific position for himself

83. You will succeed if you follow my advice to the letter.

(a) about writing letters (b) written in the letter
(c) in every detail (d) very thoughtfully

84. A critic's work is to read between the lines.

(a) to comprehend the meaning (b) to appreciate the inner beauty
(c) to understand the inner meaning (d) to read carefully

85. Where discipline is concerned I put my foot down.

(a) take a firm stand (b) take a light stand
(c) take a heavy stand (d) take a shaky stand

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86. The convict claimed innocence and stood his ground in spite of the repeated accusations.
(a) knelt (b) surrendered (c) kept standing (d) refused to yield

87. We must work with all our might and main, otherwise we cannot succeed.
(a) full force (b) complete trust
(c) exceptional skill (d) full unity

88. The sailors nailed their colours to their mast.

(a) put up a colourful mast (b) refused to climb down
(c) took over the ship (d) decided to abandon the ship

89. We had (had) better batten down the hatches. The weather is unpredictable.
(a) stay in-door (b) prepare for a difficult situation
(c) go somewhere safe (d) face the obstacles

90. It is difficult to have a sensible discussion with her as she flies off at a tangent.
(a) gets carried away (b) starts discussing something irrelevant
(c) loses her temper easily (d) does not really understand anything

91. The students found it hard to go at equal speed with the professor.
(a) get away from (b) put up with (c) keep up with (d) race against

92. You cannot throw dust into my eyes.

(a) terrify me (b) cheat me (c) hurt me (d) abuse me

93. He spoke well though it was his maiden speech.

(a) long speech (b) first speech (c) brief speech (d) emotional speech

94. The students were all ears, when the speaker started talking about the changes in the exam.
(a) smiling (b) silent (c) restless (d) attentive

95. In his salad days he was quite a dandy.

(a) childhood (b) adolescence (c) school days (d) old age

96. he is cool about working at night.

(a) ready to work (b) not ready to work
(c) excited about working (d) grudgingly working

97. The son wants to purchase a new car, but his father is dragging his feet.
(a) acting in a slow and hesitant manner (b) acting methodically
(c) acting quickly with firm conviction (d) acting courageously

98. The student passed out in the lab during the practical exam.
(a) fell down (b) became anxious (c) rushed out (d) fainted

99. My friend Rahim is fair and square in all his dealings.

(a) dishonest and complex (b) cruel
(c) rough and complex (d) honest and simple

100. At his wit's end, he turned to his old trade.

(a) After careful thinking (b) Confidently
(c) Not knowing what to do (d) Overjoyed

101. Then it comes to dancing, he is all–thumbs.

(a) an expert (b) a trainer c) clumsy (d) lazy

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102. He usually goes to bed very early and rises with the lark.
(a) very late (b) very early (c) after sunrise (d) at midnight

103. Their attempt to get back the stolen necklace proved to be a

wild goose chase.
(a) wise decision (b) useless search (c) timely action (d) delayed action

104. The day the new product was launched, people made a
beeline to purchase it.
(a) rushed (b) were doubtful (c) refused (d) went online

105. Unless you make amends for the loss, nobody is prepared
to excuse you.
(a) improve (b) pay debt (c) confess (d) compensate

106. Instead of keeping his promise of helping me with office work, he just left me high and dry.
(a) left me feeling like a fool (b) left me in a state of anger
(c) left me without a drop of water (d) left me alone to do the work

107. Amit said to Rekha, "Don't make a mountain out of a molehill".

(a) attempt an impossible task (b) start looking for molehills in mountains.
(c) create problems (d) exaggerate a minor problem

108. Before the report reached the authority, the media spilled the beans.
(a) dropped the charges (b) hinted at the consequences
(c) revealed the secret information (d) spilled the content of the package

109. His friend turned out to be snake in the grass.

(a) cowardly and brutal (b) low and mean
(c) a hidden enemy (d) an unreliable and deceitful person.

110. The shopping mall is a beehive of activity.

(a) a secure place (b) a sweet place (c) a busy place (d) a costly place

111. To win laurels.

(a) To be disappointed (b) To memories
(c) To be victorious in a game (d) To earn great prestige

112. The officer was in the soup when there was a raid in his office.
(a) preparing soup (b) distributing soup (c) to be in trouble (d) drinking soup

113. We must draw the line somewhere.

(a) turn the tables (b) put the screw on (c) fix a limit (d) aim at the sky

114. To cut the Gordian knot.

(a) to do a job perfunctorily (b) to cut a piece of cloth
(c) to perform an easy task (d) to perform a difficult task

115. To put in a nut- shell

(a) To state something very concisely (b) To place something
(c) To be blunt about something (d) To be long and exhaustive about something

116. To make up one's mind

(a) To remember things clearly (b) To remember oneself of something
(c) To think creatively (d) To decide what to do

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117. Nowadays it has become a fashion to take French leave
(a) Saying goodbye in French style (b) Absenting oneself without permission
(c) Taking leave to go to France (d) Seeking permission from French Embassy

118. International monetary affairs are governed by the gnomes of Zurich

(a) foreign leaders (b) big international bankers
(c) guardians of treasure (d) witchcraft of Zurich

119. A Sacred Cow

(a) a person never to be criticized (b) a saintly person
(c) a very religious person (d) a helpful person

120. To shun evil company

(a) To kick out evil company (b) To give up evil company
(c) To put off evil company (d) To let loose evil company

121. He has made a dog's breakfast of these accounts.

(a) A total mess (b) A breakfast for the dogs..
(c) An accurate summary (d) A breakfast being served by the dogs

122. You will be reminded of the seamy side of life if you visit the slum tenements.
(a) the softer aspects (b) the unpleasant aspects
(c) the pleasanter aspects (d) the gentler aspects

123. To keep in abeyance

(a) In a state of permanence (b) In a state of emergency
(c) In a state of suspension (d) In a state of revision

124. To be in a fix
(a) In pain (b) In distress (c) Depressed (d) In a difficult situation

125. To break the ice

(a) Made people angry (b) Made people laugh
(c) Made people excited (d) Made people relaxed and comfortable

126. Wild goose chase

(a) An admirable enterprise (b) An honest effort
(c) A foolish, unprofitable adventure (d) A powerful effort

127. Smell a rat

(a) Detect bad smell (b) Suspect a trick or deceit
(c) Misunderstand (d) See hidden meaning

128. A live wire

(a) Industrious and brilliant (b) Lively and active
(c) Sincere and intelligent (d) Sincere and efficient

129. pull a fast one

(a) as fast as lightning (b) play a trick
(c) carry a heavy burden (d) take a deep breath

130. Grease the palm

(a) dirty one's hands (b) work in a garage
(c) slip and fall (d) bribe

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 Answer Key

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.D
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.D 30.B
31.D 32.A 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.B
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.C 45.B 46.B 47.C 48.C 49.C 50.C
51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.D 56.B 57.B 58.A 59.A 60.D
61.A 62.C 63.B 64.A 65.B 66.A 67.A 68.D 69.A 70.A
71.D 72.B 73.C 74.A 75.B 76.D 77.B 78.C 79.B 80.A
81.A 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.D 87.A 88.B 89.B 90.B
91.C 92.B 93.B 94.D 95.B 96.A 97.A 98.D 99.D 100.C
101.C 102.B 103.B 104.A 105.D 106.D 107.D 108.C 109.C 110.C
111.D 112.C 113.C 114.D 115.A 116.D 117.B 118.B 119.A 120.B
121.A 122.B 123.C 124.D 125.D 126.C 127.B 128.B 129.B 130.D

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 Practice Exercise

Directions (1-10) : In these questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase given in bold in the sentence.
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase given in bold. (SSC Section Officer
(Audit) Exam. 1997)
1. For his alleged involvement in espionage, he is under a cloud these days.
a) experiencing cloudy weather b) enjoying favorable luck
c) under suspicion d) under observation

2. We have appealed to him again and again; there is no use flogging a dead horse now.
a) repeating our request b) making him see reason
c) beating about the bush d) wasting time in useless effort

3. We shouldn’t look down upon the wretched of the earth.

a) sympathies with b) hate intensely
c) be indifferent to d) regard with contempt

4. Because of his misbehavior, he is bound to face the music.

a) get finished b) get reprimanded
c) feel sorry d) listen to the music

5. The working of the factory was disrupted on account of a token strike by the workers.
a) total strike b) carefully planned strike
c) short strike held as a warning d) sudden call of strike

6. By opposing his proposal he fell foul of him.

a) quarrel with b) felt annoyed with
c) agreed with d) got into trouble with

7. Those who work by fits and starts seldom show good results.
a) rarely b) disinterestedly c) irregularly d) regularly

8. The new manager thought that he would give employees enough rope for the first six months after which he
would check the work done himself.
a) many directives and orders b) sufficient advice
c) all the material they needed d) enough freedom for action

9. He was all at sea when he began his new Job.

a) happy b) sad c) puzzled d) triumphant

10. The sweeping statement by the boss left the conscientious workers disgusted.
a) rash statement b) unpremeditated statement
c) thoughtless statement d) generalized statement

Directions (11-20) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase given in bold.
Choose the alternatives which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase given in bold.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 09.09.2001)
11. The failure of crops in successive years put the farmer in a tight corner.
a) in a closed room b) in a small field
c) in a difficult situation d) in a meadow

12. The effort to trace the culprit was a wild goose chase.
a) fruitful hunting b) futile search c) ideal seeking d) genuine effort

13. The story does not hold water.

a) does not deserve appreciation b) does not fulfil the requirements
c) cannot be believed d) cannot be valued

14. Raj couldn’t pay the bill, so he asked the owner to put it on the cuff.

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a) on credit b) against his credit card
c) in his bank account d) in his friend’s account

15. His statement is out and out a lie.

a) totally b) simply c) merely d) slightly

16. The luxury car that they bought turned out to be a white elephant.
a) a rare article b) useful mode of transport
c) costly or troublesome possession d) a proud possession

17. If you are fair and square in your work you will definitely prosper.
a) active b) honest c) business like d) authoritative

18. There is no love lost between any two neighbouring countries in the world.
a) stop loving b) not on good terms
c) forming a group d) have good understanding

19. The heavy downpour played havoc in the coastal area.

a) caused destruction b) caused diseases
c) caused floods d) caused hardship

20. To have a green thumb means

a) one’s nails are painted green b) one is artistic
c) to have a natural interest in gardening d) one has a green tattoo on the thumb

Directions (21-25) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 16.11.2003)
21. When he saw the snake he took to his heels.
a) ran away in fear b) went slowly
c) walked in fear d) jumped fast

22. He has to abide by the hard and fast rule of the company.
a) flexible b) strict c) difficult d) honest

23. She goes to her mother’s house off and on.

a) frequently b) rarely c) occasionally d) sometimes

24. The robber murdered, the woman in cold blood for the sake of the jewels.
a) a murder done without feeling b) a murder done in revenge
c) a murder done in great anger d) a murder done in enmity

25. Indians are going places in the field of software technology.

a) going abroad b) going to spaces
c) talented and successful d) friendly and amicable

Directions (26-35) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase given in bold.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 14.12.2003)
26. The poet drew on his fancy, not his knowledge of Nature, when he wrote his poem on birds.
a) used his understanding b) used his knowledge
c) used his imagination d) used his skill

27. My neighbour had to pay through his nose for a brand new car.
a) pay huge loans b) pay a reasonable price
c) pay an extremely high price d) make a quick buck

28. Very ambitious people do not like to rest on their laurels.

a) to be unhappy b) to be motivated
c) to be impatient d) to be complacent

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29. If he phones again, I am going to give him a piece of my mind.
a) to be nice to him b) to take revenge on him
c) to reprimand him d) to support him

30. The party high command wanted to stave off an open battle.
a) postpone b) wait and see c) allow it to take its own course d) prevent

31. Ramesh takes after his father.

a) follows b) imitates c) obeys d) resembles

32. They made no bones about acknowledging their debt to his genius.
a) did not have any hesitation in b) did not have any faith in
c) demanded compensation for d) had problems in

33. It is evident from the minister’s statement that heads will roll in the Secretariat.
a) transfers will take place b) heads will be cut off
c) people will die d) dismissals will occur

34. During the last moments of his life, the criminal made a clean breast of everything he had done.
a) showed his breast b) fought like a hero
c) confessed without reserve d) faced bravely

35. She tries very hard to keep up with her rich neighbours.
a) to imitate b) to keep in touch
c) to avoid d) to be on par

Directions (36-46) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 05.12.2004)
36. He went on sowing wild oats; he reaped suffering in his later life.
a) inviting troubles as a boy b) warning others as a youngman
c) irresponsible pleasure seeking in young age d) sowing grains called oats when young

37. I don’t know why she has become stand-offish recently.

a) angry b) hilarious c) indifferent d) unmanageable

38. Why don’t you put an end to blowing your own trumpet ?
a) playing your own trumpet to produce music b) making too much noise
c) praising your own abilities and achievements d) None of these

39. I knew he had an axe to grind and turned down his offer of help.
a) a blunt axe b) a sharp tongue
c) a private interest to serve d) a tendency to fight

40. The saint’s life was an open book.

a) an uncomplicated one b) one that held no secrets
c) an example to all d) an interesting biography

41. Reading between the lines I realised that my friend wanted to keep something from me.
a) looking for meanings that are not actually expressed b) reading carelessly
c) reading with anxiety d) glancing over the lines

42. Sometimes, it happens that we have to give the devil his due.
a) to give credit to even a notorious person b) to give encouragement even to the enemy
c) to invite the devil d) to stand in the way of the devil

43. The king had been made to eat humble pie.

a) to eat slowly b) to have an excellent dish
c) to eat a good pie d) to apologise

44. He was given Hobson’s choice by the employer.

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a) excellent choice b) no real choice at all
c) choice to live or die d) first choice

45. He has a very nice manner, but you would better take what he says with a grain of salt.
a) to listen to something with considerable doubt b) to talk sensibly
c) to criticize d) to complement

Directions (46-55) : In the following questions four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 05.06.2005)
46. He didn’t tell me directly, but reading between the lines. I think he is not happy with them.
a) reading slowly and haltingly
b) understanding the sense rather than the actual words
c) understanding the meaning of words and not the sense
d) reading superficially

47. Gopi works by fits and starts.

a) consistently b) irregularly c) in high spirits d) enthusiastically

48. I cannot put up with your misconduct any longer.

a) excuse b) refuse c) accept d) tolerate

49. I did not mind what he was saying, he was only talking through his hat.
a) talking nonsense b) talking ignorantly
c) talking irresponsibly d) talking insultingly

50. He is so furious that he would go through fire and water to revenge himself on his foe.
a) approach everybody for help b) avail himself of any opportunity
c) use any conceivable method d) undergo any risk

51. The watchdogs were asleep when the bulls ran riot.
a) behaved cleverly b) acted without restraint
c) wandered aimlessly d) had the best of time

52. In spite of the immense pressure exerted by the militants, the Government, has decided not to give in.
a) accede b) yield c) oblige d) conform

53. The young and the old sat cheek by jowl in the large audience.
a) very near b) very far c) tongue tied d) irritated

54. We wanted to keep the gift as a surprise for mother but my sister gave the game away.
a) lost the game b) gave out the secret
c) played badly d) withdrew from the game

55. I don’t think the law will interfere with us as we are just trying to turn an honest penny.
a) make a legitimate living b) make a good living
c) have dealings in white money d) become more honest

Directions (56-65) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold. Choose the
one which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam. 31.7.2005)
56. a dark horse
a) an unforeseen competitor b) a black horse
c) a nightmare d) an unknown person

57. to run across

a) to have an appointed meeting b) to meet by chance
c) to run in the playground d) to run very fast

58. to get one’s own back

a) to get one’s revenge b) to get control over someone
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(3) to get one’s position back d) to get hold of someone

59. to steer clear of

a) drive carefully b) avoid c) explain clearly d) escape

60. to beat a retreat

a) to withdraw in defeat or humiliation b) to withdraw after scoring a victory
c) to march back after a ceremonious parade d) to run away in fear

61. to blaze a trail

a) to lead the way as a pioneer b) to light a track
c) to set up a fire d) to wear a blazer while running

62. red-letter day

a) a colourful day b) fatal day
c) happy and significant day d) hapless day

63. have the last laugh

a) be of a cheerful nature b) laugh only after understanding something
c) to be victorious at the end of an argument d) to crack the final joke

64. turn a deaf ear

a) disregard b) defy c) disobey d) dismiss

65. to smell a rat

a) to experience bad smell b) to misunderstand
c) to see a hidden meaning d) to suspect a trick

Directions (66–70) : In the following questions four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)
66. A few days before his death, he made a clean breast of everything.
a) confessed b) took off his shirt c) suffered d) spoke ill

67. I am done for.

a) ruined b) rewarded c) answered d) questioned

68. For a healthy and lasting friendship one must be on the level.
a) equally rich b) mentally compatible
c) honest and sincere d) ready for sacrifices

69. The foolish young man soon made ducks and drakes of the vast property his father left him.
a) squandered b) distributed c) spent d) gave in charity

70. All his ventures went to the winds.

a) dissipated b) spread all over
c) got speed of the winds d) became well-known

Directions (71–80) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the given Idiom/Phrase. Choose the
alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)
71. at one’s wit’s/wits' end
a) to work hard b) to be intelligent c) to get puzzled d) to be stupid

72. to take someone to task

a) to scold someone b) to assign work to someone
c) to take someone to his place of work d) to praise someone for the work done

73. to face the music

a) to be greeted rudely b) to be offered warm hospitality
c) to enjoy a music programme d) to bear the consequences
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74. to blow one’s own trumpet
a) to play on one’s own trumpet b) to praise one’s own self
c) to create noisy disturbances d) to have a high-pitched voice

75. to run one down

a) to be in a hurry b) to be weak and tired
c) to disparage someone d) to run down a lane

76. at snail’s pace

a) very slowly b) to walk like a snail
c) to lack interest in work d) in methodical manner

77. to turn a deaf ear

a) to be hard of hearing b) to be indifferent
c) to be attentive d) to be obstinate

78. to take to one’s heels

a) to run off b) to show one’s heels
c) to turn around d) to walk leisurely

79. to have something up one’s sleeves

a) having a practical plan b) having an important project
c) having an ambitious plan d) having a secret plan

80. to end in smoke

a) to have a smoking session b) to be on fire
c) to come to nothing d) to burn slowly

Directions (81-85) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase given in bold in the
sentence, Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase given in bold.
(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV Exam.13.08.2006)
81. As the bomb exploded people ran helter-skelter.
a) in great fear b) in disorderly haste
c) in haste d) in great sorrow

82. He was progressing by leaps and bounds because of his hard work.
a) rapidly b) slowly c) peacefully d) strongly

83. Our founder had done a Herculean task by constructing this great educational institution.
a) a work of no worth b) an effortless job
c) a work requiring very great effort d) a work requiring very great intelligence

84. My close friend got the sack from his first job recently.
a) resigned b) got rid of c) was demoted from d) was dismissed from

85. I can no longer put up with her insolence.

a) endure b) evade c) suppress d) assume

Directions (86–95) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
86. She is a fair-weather friend.
a) a good friend b) a friend who meets difficulties calmly
c) a friend who deserts you in difficulties d) a favourable friend

87. to die in harness means to die while

a) riding a horse b) in a stable c) in a uniform d) still in service

88. to keep under wraps means to keep something

(1) covered b) protected c) unpacked d) secret
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89. After independence Indian agriculture rose like a phoenix due to the Green Revolution.
a) with a new life b) with a start c) with royal gait d) with vengeance

90. His failure at the election has been a sore point with him for a long time.
a) something which hurts b) something that brings fear to
c) something memorable for d) something pleasurable to

91. The student is on the verge of breakdown.

a) on the brink of b) at the outset of c) in the midst of d) at the risk of

92. My repeated attempts to get refund from the civic authorities were of no avail.
a) unsuccessful b) postponed c) useless d) delayed

93. He was progressing by leaps and bounds because of his hardwork.

a) rapidly b) slowly c) peacefully d) strongly

94. to emerge out of thin air means to

a) appear suddenly b) descend gradually c) fall down quickly d) enter from space

95. The news of the accident came as a bolt from the blue.
a) something unexpected b) something unpleasant
c) something horrible d) something unexpected and unpleasant

(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
Directions (96—100) : Four alternatives are given for the idiom/ phrase in bold. Choose the alternative
which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase printed in bold.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 26.11.2006)
96. The story of the train accident as narrated by one of the survivors mademy flesh creep.
a) thrilled me b) horrified me c) excited me d) frightened me

97. He has resigned his job and burnt his boats so far as government service is concerned.
a) felt dejected b) blasted his hopes c) ruined himself d) left no means of retreat

98. He cannot hold a candle to his elder brother.

a) equal to b) not as clever as c) cannot be compared to d) duller than

99. The question of higher membership fees was brought up at the last meeting.
a) discussed at great length b) introduced for discussion
c) criticised vehemently d) vaguely referred to

100. His arguments cut no ice with me.

a) had no influence on me b) did not hurt me
c) did not benefit me d) did not make me proud

Directions (101 – 110) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase printed in bold.
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase in bold.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
101. the green-eyed monster strikes a woman the moment she sees her husband talking to another pretty woman.
a) anger b) hatred c) envy d) jealousy

102. to fight tooth and nail

a) to fight a losing battle b) to oppose resolutely
c) to have a physical fight d) to lodge a formal protest

103. at one’s wit’s end

a) to understand thoroughly b) to be puzzled
c) to be a stupid person d) to behave irrationally

104. The clerk turned a deaf ear to his officer’s advice.

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a) disputed b) paid attention to c) disregarded d) acknowledged gratefully

105. He expects his subordinates to be always at his beck and call

a) at rest b) at work c) at his disposal d) at their desks

106. in the long run

a) permanently b) universally c) occasionally d) ultimately

107. If you are in the good books of the boss, you are sure to rise quickly.
a) work well for the boss b) praise the boss
c) in favour with the boss d) co-operate with boss

108. The population of our country is increasing by leaps and bounds.

a) very slowly b) very quickly c) irregularly d) very systematically

109. to weigh up the pros and cons is to

a) measure the ingredient b) observe etiquette
c) consider all facts d) postpone action

110. My close friend got the sack from his first job recently.
a) resigned b) got rid of c) was demoted from d) was dismissed from

Directions (111-115) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold
in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 30.09.2007)
111. There is no love lost between any two neighbouring countries in the world.
a) stop loving b) not on good terms
c) forming a group d) have good understanding

112. He is accused of sitting on the fence.

a) observing the scene b) resting on fence
c) hesitating which side to take d) sitting back and enjoying the fun

113. You have to read between the lines to understand most of the symbolic writing.
a) read again and again b) understand the hidden meaning
c) know the symbols d) look for many meanings

114. The ruling party has been warned not to play to the gallery.
a) to give importance to the common man b) to try to be clever
c) to seek to win approval d) to side-track the issue

115. In the securities scam, the national credibility was at stake.

a) on trial b) under pressure c) in danger d) challenged

Directions (116-125) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold. Choose
the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the bold Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 25.11.2007)
116. The passing of anti-defection law struck a chill to the heart of every opportunistic legislator.
a) caused anger b) caused relief c) aroused fear d) awakened bitterness

117. Our house is within a stone’s throw from the Red Building.
a) far off b) far away c) very near to d) beside

118. He has a bone to pick with his cousin.

a) reasonable agreement b) cause of quarrel
c) cause of doubt d) difference of opinion

119. The day I graduated was a red letter day for me.
a) a dangerous day b) an important day
c) an eventful day d) a formidable day

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120. Many young artists were dropping names at the party to impress the gathering.
a) talking proudly about their family members b) using pet names
c) hinting at high connections d) talking informally

121. The teacher announced that she had no blue-eyed boys in the class.
a) royal children b) young boys c) foreigners d) favourites

122. The company has run into a lot of debts.

a) incurred b) settled c) opened up d) avoided

123. He was confident that all his present sufferings will soon blow over.
a) increase b) pass off c) be looked into d) be taken care of

124. The teacher advised the students to take into account the advice given by the elders.
a) to obey b) to neglect c) to consider d) to reject

125. The lawyer asked his assistant to collect the details regarding the pros and cons of the case.
a) ups and downs b) in and out c) weak and strong d) for and against

Directions (126-135) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold. Choose
the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
126. The principal has to carry out the orders issued by the higher authorities.
a) obey b) communicate c) execute d) modify

127. The young engineer was hauled up for spilling the beans about the new project to the competitor.
a) suppressing the information b) hiding the details
c) revealing the information indiscreetly d) spoiling the plans

128. The Government claims that Indian industry is progressing by leaps and bounds.
a) intermittently b) leisurely c) at a rapid pace d) at a desired pace

129. Laying off of thousands of workers is inevitable under the new economic policy.
a) dismissal from jobs of b) offering new jobs to
c) reduction of workers’ wages of d) sending on leave

130. “I take thee at thy word”, said Romeo to Juliet.

a) listen to you carefully b) do not believe you
c) feel angry with you d) truly believe you

131. People who do not lay out their money carefully, soon come to grief.
a) earn b) spend c) distribute d) preserve

132. Having bought the house, they decided to go the whole hog and buy all the furniture needed.
a) to live there b) to do it completely
c) to go all the way d) to go in the fog

133. There is a lot of bad blood between them.

a) jealousy b) fight c) angry feeling d) distrust

134. The village headman pretends to be a good Samaritan.

a) a religious person b) a helpful person
c) a citizen of Samaria d) a law-abiding citizen

135. The beleaguered politician was anxious to set the record straight.
a) give a speech b) win party support
c) give a correct account d) make a confession

Directions (136 –145) : In the following question four alternatives are given for the given Idiom/Phrase in bold.
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 30.11.2008)
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136. The bus had a close shave as its driver swerved to the right a split second before the oncoming truck could run
into it.
a) serious accident b) close collision c) narrow escape d) deep dent

137. fits and starts

a) slowly b) not regularly c) continuously d) quickly

138. When the Inspector entered the class some of the students shook in their shoes.
a) stamped the ground with their shoes b) showed signs of anger
c) trembled with fear d) stood up to salute

139. in high spirits

a) full of hope and enthusiasm b) under tremendous stress
c) under the influence of liquor d) mentally deranged

140. He amassed his wealth through sharp practices.

a) dishonest means b) illegal means c) intelligent decisions d) quick decisions

141. He is not in the good books of his boss.

a) a lover of good books b) in favour with
c) not of the same opinion as d) as good as

142. The officer is fed up with the complaints made against the clerk.
a) annoyed b) disgusted c) pleased d) satisfied

143. a white elephant,

a) a rare species of elephants b) an expensive gift
c) a costly but useless possession d) a worthless thing

144. ins and outs

a) entry and exit points b) full details
c) tactical moves d) complexity of character

145. All his ventures went to the winds.

a) dissipated b) spread all over
c) got speed of the winds. d) became well-known

Directions (146 – 155) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase in bold in the
sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax &Central Excise))
146. Don’t worry about the silly row. It was just a storm in a tea cup.
a) important matter dealt with ease b) hot tea being served
c) commotion over a trivial matter d) confusion and chaos

147. The Rajput warriors set their face against the invader.
a) became enemies b) turned away from
c) faced difficulty d) opposed strongly

148. Syria is now currying favour with America.

a) pleasing b) favouring
c) obliging d) ingratiating itself with

149. Our Principal is not a man to mince matters.

a) to confuse issues b) to say something mildly
c) to mix everything together d) to be very modest

150. We tend to take for granted the conveniences of modern life.

a) to consider b) to admit c) to accept readily d) to care for

Answer Key

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1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.D
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A
31.D 32.A 33.D 34.C 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.B
41.A 42.B 43.D 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.A 50.D
51.B 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.A 56.A 57.B 58.A 59.B 60.D
61.A 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.D 66.A 67.A 68.C 69.A 70.A
71.C 72.A 73.D 74.B 75.C 76.A 77.B 78.A 79.D 80.C
81.B 82.A 83.C 84.D 85.A 86.C 87.D 88.D 89.A 90.A
91.A 92.C 93.A 94.A 95.D 96.B 97.D 98.C 99.B 100.A
101.D 102.A 103.B 104.C 105.C 106.D 107.C 108.B 109.C 110.D
111.B 112.C 113.B 114.C 115.C 116.C 117.C 118.B 119.B 120.C
121.D 122.A 123.B 124.C 125.D 126.C 127.C 128.C 129.A 130.D
131.B 132.B 133.C 134.B 135.C 136.C 137.B 138.C 139.A 140.A
141.B 142.A 143.C 144.B 145.A 146.C 147.D 148.D 149.A 150.C

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 16. One Word Substitution
1. A book containing every kind of information - Encyclopedia
2. A building where dead bodies are kept - Mortuary
3. A bunch of flowers - Bouquet
4. A carriage for the sick or the wounded - Ambulance
5. A child born after the death of his father or an award given after the death of a person - Posthumous
6. A child who has lost his parents - Orphan
7. A deadly disease or injury - Fatal
8. A decision made with one voice - Unanimous
9. A disease inherited from birth - Congenital
10. A dreadful dream - Nightmare
11. A general pardon of political offenders by the government - Amnesty
12. A group of people playing various musical instruments together - Orchestra
13. A handwritten paper - Manuscript
14. A house or shelter for a dog - Kennel
15. A house or shelter for a horse - Stable
16. A list of names of books - Catalogue
17. A list of things to be discussed in a meeting - Agenda
18. A man is not married - Bachelor
19. A mixture of metals - Alloy
20. A name taken by an author instead of his real name - Pseudonym
21. A number of people listening to a concert or lecture - Audience
22. A number of stars grouped together - Constellation
23. A partner in crime - Accomplice
24. A person detained or held by law - Detenue
25. A person residing in a country of which he is not a Citizen - immigrant
26. A person who eats too much - Glutton
27. A place where the dead are buried - Cemetery
28. A song Sun by two persons - Duet
29. A speech made without preparation - Extempore
30. A state of complete balance - Equilibrium
31. A tank meant for water plants or fish - Aquarium
32. Widespread disease affecting many people at the same time - Epidemic
33. A writer who steals from another’s writing – Plagiarist
34. A writing which cannot be read clearly - Illegible
35. Allowance due to a wife from her husband on separation - Alimony
36. An intense feeling of happiness - Ecstasy
37. An office for which no salary is paid - Honorary
38. An order or a word the meaning of which is not clear - Ambiguous
39. Animals which live in flocks - Gregarious
40. Anything said about a person after his death - Epitaph
41. Easy to carry from one place to another - Portable
42. Examination of a dead body - Post-mortem
43. Fit to be eaten - Edible
44. Ready to be eaten - Eatable
45. Flesh eating animals - Carnivorous
46. He who changes his party often - Turn-out
47. He who is in different to pleasure or pain - Stoic
48. In the absence of one Party - Ex parte
49. Killed by an electric current - Electrocuted
50. No longer in use - Obsolete

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51. Notice of death in a newspaper - Obituary
52. One who takes no liquor or wine - Tee-totaller
53. One who believes everything - Credulous
54. One who is all - powerful - Omni-potent
55. One who is not easily pleased - Fastidious
56. One who knows everything - Omni-scient
57. One who spends too much - Spendthrift
58. One who walks in his sleep - Somnambulist
59. Persons having same names - Namesake
60. Persons living at the same time - Contemporary
61. Putting end to one’s own life - Suicide
62. Remedy for all diseases - Panacea
63. State of sleeplessness - Insomnia
64. That which can be corrected - Corrigible
65. That which can be breaked easily - Brittle
66. That which can be read - Legible
67. That which cannot be believed - Incredible
68. That which cannot be divided - lndivisible
69. That which cannot be explained – lnexplicable
70. Science of the races of mankind – Ethnology
71. An unexpected piece of good fortune – windfall
72. An emolument over and above fixed income or salary- Honorarium
73. The animals of a particular region- Fauna
74. A post with little work but high salary- Sinecure
75. Something that causes death- Fatal
76. A person who writes decoratively- Calligrapher
77. Pertaining to cattle- Bovine
78. An inscription on a tomb- epitaph
79. Feeling inside you which tells you what is right and what is wrong - conscience
80. Release of a prisoner from jail on certain terms and condition- Parole

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 Practice Exercise

List Of One Word Substitution

An act of abdicating or renouncing the throne Abdication
An annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such as astronomical data Almanac
and tide tables
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with gills Amphibian
A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or Allegory
political one
A statement or proposition on which an abstractly defined structure is based Axiom
A nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by international law Belligerent
An examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause or extent of a Biopsy
disease
The action or offence of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred things; profane talk Blasphemy
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence Chronology
A vigorous campaign for political, social, or religious change Crusade
Lasting for a very short time Ephemeral
Spoken or done without preparation Extempore
Release someone from a duty or obligation Exonerate
Fond of company Gregarious
Making marks that cannot be removed Indelible
Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong Infallible
Certain to happen Inevitable
A sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past Nostalgia
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases Panacea
A doctrine which identifies God with the universe Pantheism
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules Pedantic
The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own Plagiarism
Safe to drink Potable
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred Sacrilege
A position requiring little or no work but giving the holder status or financial benefit Sinecure
A thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event Souvenir
An imaginary ideal society free of poverty and suffering Utopia
Denoting a sin that is not regarded as depriving the soul of divine grace Venial
In exactly the same words as were used originally Verbatim
A state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems Anarchy
A form of government in which power is held by the nobility Aristocracy
A system of government by one person with absolute power Autocracy
A self-governing country or region Autonomy
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather Bureaucracy
than by elected representatives
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically Democracy
through elected representatives
A state, society, or group governed by old people Gerontocracy
A state or country run by the worst, least qualified, or most unscrupulous citizens Kakistocracy
Government by new or inexperienced hands Neocracy
Government by the populace Ochlocracy
A small group of people having control of a country or organization Oligarchy
Government by the wealthy Plutocracy
Government not connected with religious or spiritual matters Secular
A form of government with a monarch at the head Monarchy
A political system based on the government of men by God Thearchy
A collection of historical documents or records providing information about a place, institution, or Archives
group of people
A large cage, building, or enclosure to keep birds Aviary
A building where animals are butchered Abattoir
A place where bees are kept; a collection of beehives Apiary
A building containing tanks of live fish of different species Aquarium
A place or scene of activity, debate, or conflict Arena
A collection of weapons and military equipment Arsenal
An institution for the care of people who are mentally ill Asylum
A hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, especially a rabbit, as a dwelling Burrow

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A collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place Cache
A public room or building where gambling games are played Casino
A large burial ground, especially one not in a churchyard Cemetery
A room in a public building where outdoor clothes or luggage may be left Cloakroom
A place where a dead person’s body is cremated Crematorium
A Christian community of nuns living together under monastic vows Convent
Nursery where babies and young children are cared for during the working day Creche
A stoppered glass container into which wine or spirit is decanted Decanter
A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution Dormitory
The nest of a squirrel, typically in the form of a mass of twigs in a tree Drey
A room or building equipped for gymnastics, games, and other physical exercise Gymnasium
A storehouse for threshed grain Granary
A large building with an extensive floor area, typically for housing aircraft Hangar
A box or cage, typically with a wire mesh front, for keeping rabbits or other small domesticated Hutch
animals
A place in a large institution for the care of those who are ill Infirmary
A small shelter for a dog Kennel
A place where wild animal live Lair
A place where coins, medals, or tokens are made Mint
A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows Monastery
A place where bodies are kept for identification Morgue
A piece of enclosed land planted with fruit trees Orchard
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply Reservoir
A small kitchen or room at the back of a house used for washing dishes and another dirty household Scullery
work
A close-fitting cover for the blade of a knife or sword Sheath
A room or building for sick children in a boarding school Sanatorium
A place where animal hides are tanned Tannery
A large, tall cupboard in which clothes may be hung or stored Wardrobe
A group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place Battery
A large bundle bound for storage or transport Bale
A large gathering of people of a particular type Bevy
An arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present Bouquet
A family of young animals Brood
A group of things that have been hidden in a secret place Cache
A group of people, typically with vehicles or animals travelling together Caravan
A closed political meeting Caucus
An exclusive circle of people with a common purpose Clique
A series of stars Constellation
A funeral procession Cortege
A group of worshippers Congregation
A herd or flock of animals being driven in a body Drove
A small growth of trees without underbrush Grove
A community of people smaller than a village Hamlet
A group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals Herd
A large group of people Horde
A large number of fish swimming together Shoal
A strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid Torrent
One who is not sure about God’s existence Agnostic
A person who deliberately sets fire to a building Arsonist
One who does a thing for pleasure and not as a profession Amateur
One who can use either hand with ease Ambidextrous
One who makes an official examination of accounts Auditor
A person who believes in or tries to bring about a state of lawlessness Anarchist
A person who has changed his faith Apostate
One who does not believe in the existence of God Atheist
A person appointed by two parties to solve a dispute Arbitrator
One who leads an austere life Ascetic
An unconventional style of living Bohemian
One who is bad in spellings Cacographer
One who feeds on human flesh Cannibal
A person who is blindly devoted to an idea/ a person displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism Chauvinist
A critical judge of any art and craft Connoisseur
Persons living at the same time Contemporaries

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One who is recovering health after illness Convalescent
A girl/woman who flirts with a man Coquette
A person who regards the whole world as his country Cosmopolitan
One who is a centre of attraction Cynosure
One who sneers at the beliefs of others Cynic
A leader or orator who espouses the cause of the common people Demagogue
A person having a sophisticated charm Debonair
A leader who sways his followers by his oratory Demagogue
A dabbler (not serious) in art, science and literature Dilettante
One who is for pleasure of eating and drinking Epicure
One who often talks of his achievements Egotist
Someone who leaves one country to settle in another Emigrant
A man who is womanish in his habits Effeminate
One who is hard to please (very selective in his habits) Fastidious
One who runs away from justice Fugitive
One who is filled with excessive enthusiasm in religious matters Fanatic
One who believes in fate Fatalist
A lover of good food Gourmand
Conferred as an honour Honorary
A person who acts against religion Heretic
A person of intellectual or erudite tastes Highbrow
A person who is controlled by wife Henpeck
One who shows sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality Indefatigable
Someone who attacks cherished ideas or traditional institutions Iconoclast
One who does not express himself freely Introvert
Who behaves without moral principles Immoral
A person who is incapable of being tampered with Impregnable
One who is unable to pay his debts Insolvent
A person who is mentally ill Lunatic
A person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society Misanthrope
A person who is primarily concerned with making money at the expense of ethics Mercenary
Someone in love with himself Narcissist
One who collect coins as hobby Numismatist
A person who likes or admires women Philogynist
A lover of mankind Philanthropist
A person who speaks more than one language Polyglot
Someone who walks in sleep Somnambulist
A person who is indifferent to the pains and pleasures of life Stoic
A scolding nagging bad-tempered woman Termagant
A person who shows a great or excessive fondness for one’s wife Uxorious
One who possesses outstanding technical ability in a particular art or field Virtuoso
A solemn procession, especially for a funeral Cortege
A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead Elegy
A phrase or form of words written in memory of a person who has died Epitaph
Killing of one’s son or daughter Filicide
Destruction or abortion of a fetus Foeticide
Killing of one’s brother or sister Fratricide
Killing of a large group of people Genocide
Killing of one person by another Homicide
Killing of infants Infanticide
Burial of a corpse in a grave or tomb Interment
Killing of one’s mother Matricide
A room or building in which dead bodies are kept Mortuary
A news article that reports the recent death of a person Obituary
Killing of a parent or other near relative Parricide
Killing of one’s father Patricide
An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death Postmortem
Action of killing a king Regicide
Killing of one’s sister Sororicide
Act of intentionally causing one’s own death Suicide
Killing of one’s wife Uxoricide
A person who presents a radio/television programme Anchor
One who studies the evolution of mankind Anthropologist
A person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft Astronaut

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The scientific study of the physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification and Botany
economic importance of plants
A person who draws or produces maps Cartographer
A person who writes beautiful writing Calligrapher
A person who composes the sequence of steps and moves for a performance of dance Choreographer
A person employed to drive a private or hired car Chauffeur
A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection Curator
The branch of biology concerned with cyclical physiological phenomena Chronobiology
A secret or disguised way of writing Cipher
The study of statistics Demography
The use of the fingers and hands to communicate and convey ideas Dactylology
A person who sells and arranges cut flowers Florist
A line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor Genealogy
The therapeutic use of sunlight Heliotherapy
The art or practise of garden cultivation and management Horticulture
One who supervises in the examination hall Invigilator
The theory or philosophy of law Jurisprudence
A person who compiles dictionaries Lexicographer
The scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth Odontology
One who presents a radio programme Radio Jockey
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing Rhetoric
The branch of science concerned with the origin, structure and composition of rocks Petrology

An artist who makes sculptures. Sculptor

The scientific study of the behaviour, structure, physiology, classification and distribution of animals Zoology

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 17.Errors
Exercise -1
SSC CGL (Tier - 2) - 12 January 2017"
1.They will (A)/ leave the office at six and (B)/ reach at home by seven. (C)/ No error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

2.The new lecturer (A)/ seems to be very popular with (B)/ most of the class. (C)/ No error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

3.The museum's revolving doors (A)/ stopped the crooks (B)/ as they jam half way round. (C)/ No error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

4.He had no (A)/ accuse for attacking (B)/ that old man. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

5.Mothers keep on (A)/ to encouraging their children (B)/ to study. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

6.Mohan wishes (A)/ he will be (B)/ richer. (C)/ No Error (D)

a) A b) B c) C d) D

7.I am not familiar with (A)/ all the important places in this town (B)/ although I had been living here for two years.
(C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

8.The receptionist gave us (A)/ much informations (B)/ which we needed. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

9.Everyday we hear about (A)/ senior citizens being robbed (B)/ and even kill in cold blood. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

10.Ravi Shankar's performance was given (A)/ a standing ovation by the (B)/ people who has come to hear him.
(C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

11.People are wanting (A)/ to see the home team (B)/ win the game. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

12.He was elected (A)/ as chairman (B)/ of the college. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

13.Candidates present in the examination hall (A)/ should make use (B)/ with such opportunities. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

14.He said that it was the first time (A)/ that such a trick (B)/ is discovered.(C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

15.I saw his (A)/ unbelievably really quite (B)/ delightful cottage. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

16.I was shocked (A)/ to see how much my grand mother had aged (B)/ since the last time we visited her. (C)/ No
Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

17.My heart (A)/ is so full (B)/ for words. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

18.It is not (A)/ such a pretty place (B)/ that I had expected. (C)/ No Error (D)
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a) A b) B c) C d) D

19.The Management Committee (A)/ was divided (B)/ in their opinion. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

20.Speech was given (A)/ to man to (B)/ conseal his thoughts. (C)/ No Error (D)
a) A b) B c) C d) D

SBI PO 2017
Directions (21-30): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any,
will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer will be (e)
i.e., ‘No Error. (Ignore errors of punctuations, if any).

21.6. Mangal Pandey was well known (a)/because he was involved (b)/in the initial stages (c)/ of the Indian
rebellion. (d)/No error (e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

22.(a) In fact, the human civilisation is / (b) the history of man’s growth / (c) control over / (d) the sources of
energy. / (e) No error
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

23. Her doctor was (a)/ annoyed because she (b)/ ignore her health (c)/ even after being hospitalized twice. (d)/ No
Error (e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

24. Raghav was worry (a)/ about telling his parents (b)/ that he wanted to move out (c)/ and live independently./ (d)
No Error (e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

25. The company’s decision to issue (a)/ bonus- shares clearly indicates (b)/ the management’s confident (c)/ about
the future. (d)/ No error (e).
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

26. (a)A lots of real estate companies may come up / (b) with tempting offers and discounts but buyers should /
(c)always keep their eyes open and must check / (d)whether all approvals are in place or not. / (e)No error
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

27. (a)Before investing, / (b)you should look after the / (c)overall business dynamics of the company / (d)along
with efficient management and good corporate governance. / (e)No error
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

28. Unless (a)/ he will not understand (b)/ the concept he will not be (c)/ able to solve the questions. (d)/ No error
(e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

29. The objective of facebook might (a)/be fair but there are (b)/certain unintended consequences (c)/of what are
disguised as freebies. (d)/ No error (e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

30. (a) This is a strange world (a)/ where each one pursues their (b)/ own golden bubble (c)/ and laughs at others for
doing the same.(d)/ No error (e)
a) a b) b c) c d) d e) e

21 .Sol. Replace ‘is’ with ‘was’ because present indefinite tense is used to denote general truth.
22 .Sol. Replace ‘growth’ with ‘growing’
23 .Sol. ‘Ignore’ will be replaced by ‘ignored’ as sentence structure is in past tense.
24 .Sol. ‘worried’ will come in place of ‘worry’ as sentence structure is in past tense.
25 .Sol. Here, Noun not an adjective should be used. Hence, the management’s confidence….. should be used.
26.Sol. Replace ‘lots’ into ‘lot’

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27.Sol. Replace ‘after’ with ‘at’
28.Sol. Change ‘he will not understand’ with ‘he understands’. ‘Not’ and ‘will’ do not come after ‘unless’.
29.Sol. No error.
30.Sol. ‘Each one’ is singular and hence will take singular pronoun ‘his’.

1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.C
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.B 29.E 30.B

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 Exercise -2

1) Our professor taught us that (1)/ one should respect the (2)/ religions of others as much as his own. (3)/ No Error
(4)[01-july-2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

2) No sooner had she arrive that her (1)/ friends arranged a reception in her (2)/ honor in the best resort in the town.
(3)/ No Error (4) [SSC CPO Spotting Error 01-july-2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

3) During India’s struggle for (1)/ freedom many brilliant students (2)/ gave up their studies by Bhagat Singh’s call.
(3)/ No Error (4)[SSC CPO , 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

4) Madhuri and I have done my (1)/ work patiently and diligently (2)/ just for our safe and secure future. (3)/ No
Error (4)[SSC CPO , 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

5.) Sunita is feeling little uncomfortable today (1)/ because she is ill, so she can perform (2)/ her work after having
some rest for a while. (3)/ No Error (4) [01-july-2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

6) We must (1)/ denounce justice (2)/ and oppression. (3)/ No Error (4) [01-july-2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

7.) These kind of clothes (1)/ are rather expensive (2)/ for me to buy. (3)/ No Error (4). [SSC CGL 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

8) Chilka is the (1)/ largest brackish water (2)/ lagoon in Asia. (3)/No Error (4). [SSC CGL 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

9) Not too long then, the (1)/ lodge was the only (2)/ place to stay here. (3)/No Error (4).[SSC CGL 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

10) Unless you don’t obey (1)/ your elders you (2)/ will not succeed in your life. (3)/ No Error (4). (SSC CGL
2017)
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

11) Hardly had I reached the (1)/ exhibition where I learnt (2)/ about the major robbery. (3)/ No Error (4). SSC
CGL 8 AUG 2017
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

12.The climb upside (1)/ the mountains (2)/ was not easy. (3)/No Error (4). [SSC CGL 2017]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

BPS RRB (Group A Officers) Exam 02/09/2012

13. a) The transit system’s underground / b) tunnels and stations will / c) be constructed / d) next heritage
structures. / e) No error.

14. a) Residents have been planting / b) the ornamental trees outside / c) their homes and in lawns to/ d) add beauty
and give their place a grand look. / e) No error.

15. a) A diamond jeweller’s peon/ b) tipped off a gang / c) about the gold / d) in his employer’s vault. / e) No error.

16. a) He said that the performance of the Indian team / b) was satisfactory at the international meet / c) and that
they learnt a lot from / d) watching top seeded players through action at the grand slam. / e) No error.

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17. a) Watching the exponential / b) talent of world tennis / c) was the best things/ d) to happen to him. / e) No
error.

18. a) The meeting took place a day after/ b) the agency held a meeting with project contractors/ c) to evaluate steps
that being taken to / d) ensure that the buildings were not affected. / e) No error.

19. a) The director explained/ b) the theme and / c) the concept of / d) the international folk festival. / e) No error.

20. a) The fight among/ b) rival candidates between the medium / c) of catchy slogans/ d) has started. / e) No error.

21. a) Acting on a tip-off / b) the anti-robbery squad led / c) by inspectors laid / d) a trap for the robbers. / e) No
error.

22. a) The process of / b) revising figures of damage / c) to get additional compensation / d) has began. / e) No
error.

23. a) Farmers who grow the crop/ b) are the worse hit, as the investment / c) they make on a crop is / d) huge as
compared to the profit. / e) No error.

24. a) The government is made it / b) mandatory for pharmacies to send / c) copies of medical bills along with / d)
prescriptions of drugs and details of patients. / e) No error.

28. a) While these schools have/ b) a strong traditional hold, the reason for / c) forming a consortium in India is to
encourage / d) cultural diversity for their institutes. / e) No error.

26. a) The Government soon will make / b) it mandatory for all private hospitals / c) to notify infectious cases/ d) as
soon as they are detected. / e) No error.

27. a) School children, who so far / b) have had rationed access to / c) the few playgrounds on the city must be / d)
happy by the recent move. / e) No error.

28. a) You must either tell me / b) the whole story or, at least /c) the first half of it. / d) No error.
29. a) On many occasions / b) we did helped the poor /c) people by way of giving them food to eat and clothes to
put on. / d) No error
30. a) The short story / b) should not exceed / c) more than two hundred words ./ d) No error

Solution
1.Solution: Replace ‘his’ with possessive case of ‘one’ – “one’s”
Example- One must take care of one’s health.

2.Solution: Expressions “hardly, scarcely and no sooner” – can be used (often with a past perfect tense) to suggest
that one thing happened very soon after another.

3.Solution: “On call” – If someone is on call, they are ready to go to work at any time if they are needed, especially
if there is an emergency. Replace ‘by’ with ‘on’

4.Solution: Replace ‘my’ with ‘our’

5.Solution: Replace “little” with “a little”

6.Solution: denounce – criticise, condemn. Oppression- harassment, coercion.

Replace ‘justice’ with ‘injustice’

7.Solution: This / that kind of something – for singular ; these / those kinds of something – for plural

8.Solution: no error

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9.Solution: Sentence is based on the structure –If not……then means
Part (1) If not too long then

10.Solution: Unless means if this condition is not met (Unless you work hard , you won’t pass. ), whereas until
means before or up to the time (I lived with my parents until I was 21.)
Do not use negative word in the clause starting with conjunctions until and unless.
The correct usage should be unless you obey in part (1).

11.Solution: If the second event occurs immediately after the first, we can express that idea using the structure –
hardly or scarcely…when.
replace where with when.

12.Solution: climb (noun) – the act or process of moving upward

Replace upside with to.

13. Solution: Replace “next” with “near”

14. Solution: Replace “have been planting” with “have planted”

15. Solution: NO ERROR

16. Solution: Replace “through” with “in”

17. Solution: Replace “things” with “thing”

18. Solution: Put the word “were” before “being”

19. Solution: NO ERROR

20. Solution: Replace “between” with “through”

21. Solution: NO ERROR

22. Solution: Replace “began” with “begun”

23. Solution: Replace “worse” with “worst”

24. Solution: Replace “is” with “has”

25. Solution: Replace “for” with “in”

26. Solution: Put the word “soon” before “make”

27. Solution: Replace “on” with “in”

Answer key

1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.A
11.B 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.E 16.D 17.C 18.C 19.E 20.B
21.E 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.C

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 Exercise - 3

1. The beautiful (1)/ surrounding of the place (2)/ enchanted me. (3)/ No error (4)

2. No porter being available (1)/ he carried (2)/ all his luggages himself. (3)/ No error (4)

3. He will not be able (1)/ to cope up with (2)/ the pressure of work. (3)/ No error (4)

4. Lasers are (1)/ indispensable tools (2)/ for the delicate eyes surgery. (3)/ No error (4)

5. I take great pleasure (1)/ to welcome you (2)/ to this institution. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions (6–15) : In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of a sentence has an error. The number of that part is your answer. If there is No
error, your answer is (4), i.e. No error. (SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.
14.12.2008)

6. The whole country (1)/ was suffering by (2)/ a financial crisis. (3)/ No error. (4)

7. I do not know where could he have gone (1)/ so early (2)/ in the morning. (3)/No error. (4)

8. I suggest that (1)/ he goes (2)/ to the doctor as soon as he returns from the examination. (3)/ No error.
(4)

9. The introduction of tea and coffee(1)/ and such other beverages (2)/ have not been without some effect.
(3)/ No error. (4)

10. In spite of the roadblock (1)/ the guards allowed us (2)/ enter the restricted area to search for our
friends. (3)/ No error. (4)

11. The newer type of automatic machines (1)/ washes (2)/ the clothes faster. (3)/No error. (4)

12. By the time (1)/ we got our tickets and entered the cinema theatre, (2)/ the show was already begun.
(3)/ No error. (4)

13. Each of the students in the computerclass (1)/ has to type (2)/ their own research paper this semester.
(3)/ No error. (4)

14. The fact of me (1)/ being a stranger (2)/ does not excuse his conduct. (3)/ No error. (4)

15. The sea looks (1)/ as if it has been (2)/ agitated by a storm. (3)/ No error. (4)

Directions (16-25) : In the following questions some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of a sentence has an error. The number of that part is your answer. If there is No
error, your answer is (4) i.e. No error. (SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam.
29.03.2009)

16. A variety of pleasant items in the shop (1) / attract (2) / everybody. (3)/ No error (4).

17. The table’s legs (1)/ have been (2) / elaborately carved. (3) / No error (4).

18. The sceneries (1)/ of Kashmir (2)/ is very charming. (3)/ No error (4).

19. I would appreciate if readers (1)/ would write to me (2)/ about how they meditate. (3)/ No error (4).

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20. Neither of the two children (1)/ said their prayer (2)/ before going to bed. (3)/ No error (4).

21. I sat down opposite him (1)/ and produced (2)/ the packet of cigarettes. (3)/ No error (4).

22. This happened (1)/ just exactly (2)/ five years ago. (3)/ No error (4).
23. Ramesh smiled when he was remembering (1)/ his hard early years (2)/ and his long road to success.
(3)/ No error (4).

24. Good heavens ! (1)/ How has she (2)/ grown ! (3)/ No error (4).

25. The doctor advised Mr. Murugan that, (1)/ because of his severe cramps, (2)/ he should lay in the bed
for a few days. (3)/ No error (4).

Directions (26– 30) : In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of a sentencehas an error. The number of that part is your answer. Your answer is (4)
i.e. No error. (SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.16.05.2010 (First Sitting)

26. He is a university professor (1)/ but of his three sons (2)/ neither has any merit. (3)/ No error (4)

27. After knowing truth, (1)/ they took the right decision (2)/ in the matter. (3)/ No error (4)

28. It is time you (1)/ decide on your next (2)/ course of action. (3)/ No error (4)

29. He who has suffered the most (1)/ for the cause, (2)/ let him speak. (3)/ No error (4)

30. A cup of coffee (1)/ is an excellent complement (2)/ to smoked salmon. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions (31– 35) : Some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of a
sentence has an error. The number of that part is your answer. If there is No error, your answer is (4).
(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 16.05.2010 (Second Sitting)

31. Judge in him (1)/ prevailed upon the father (2)/ and he sentenced his son to death. (3)/ No error (4).

32. Nine-tenths (1)/ of the pillar (2)/ have rotted away.(3)/No error (4).

33. One major reason (1)/ for the popularity of television is (2)/ that most people like to stay at home. (3)/
No error (4).

34. Our efforts are (1)/ aimed to bring about (2)/ a reconciliation. (3)/ No error (4).

35. Three conditions (1)/ critical for growing (2)/ plants are soil, temperature, chemical balance or amount
of moisture. (3)/ No error (4).

Directions (36 - 40) : In the following questions some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of a sentence has an error. The number of that part is the answer. If there is No error,
your answer is (4) i.e. No error. (SSC SAS Exam. 26.06.2010 (Paper-I)

36. If I had lots of money (1)/ I’d give some to anybody (2)/who asked for it. (3)/No error.(4)

37. The old man felled (1)/some of the trees in the garden (2)/with hardly no effort at all.(3)/ No error.(4)

38. Until the world lasts, (1)/the earth will go (2)/ round the sun.(3)/ No error.(4)

39. I go to the temple (1)/as often as (2)/I find time.(3)/ No error.(4)

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40. A few tiles on skylab (1)/ were the only equipments (2)/ that failed to perform well in outer space.(3)/
No error (4).

Directions (41 – 45) : In the following questions some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of the sentence has an error. The number of that part is your answer. If there is no
eroor, the answer is (4). (SSC CISF ASI Exam. 29.08.2010 (Paper-I)

41. I don’t (1)/ want to (2)/ loose it. (3)/ No error. (4)

42. Do not (1)/ get panicked (2)/ in emergencies. (3)/ No error. (4)

43. Sometimes (1)/ I get angry (2)/ on her. (3)/ No error. (4)

44. I use (1)/ to go out (2)/ to work earlier. (3)/ No error. (4)

45. The teacher (1)/ has took (2)/ the responsibility. (3)/ No error. (5)

Directions (46 - 50) : In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none.
Find out which part of a sentence has an error. The number of that part is the answer. If there is No error,
your answer is (4), i.e., No error. (SSC (South Zone) Investigators Exam. 12.09.2010)

46. He walks (1)/ as if the earth (2)/

belongs to him (3)/ No error (4)

47. The clerk was (1)/ not intimidated by (2)/ his boss’s bullying (3)/ No error (4)

48. This misogynist hates (1)/ all mother-in-laws, (2)/ lady-doctors and house maids (3)/ No error (4)

49. How to solve the problems (1)/ is the main concern of the organizers (2)/ at the moment (3)/ No error
(4)

50. We requested the watchman (1)/ to clean up the basement (2)/ so that the children might have enough
space to play (3)/ No error (4)

(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam. 12.12.2010 (Paper-I)

51. Last night I dream (1)/ I was a Sheikh on the 169th floor (2)/ of Burj Khalifa. (3)/ No error. (4)

52. As soon as (1)/ the lion saw the deer (2)/, he began to run after it. (3)/ No error. (4)

53. The police asked us (1)/ about our movements (2)/ on a night of the crime. (3)/ No error. (4)

54. Did he tell you (1)/ why he hasn’t (2)/ come yesterday ? (3)/ No error. (4)
55. It was a pleasant (1)/ four hours drive (2)/ from Pune to Nasik (3)/ No error. (5)

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.06.2011 (First Sitting)

56. A senior doctor (1) / expressed concern (2) / about physician’s recommended the vaccine. (3)/ No
error. (4)

57.We have discussing (1) / all the known mechanisms (2) / of physical growth, (3)/No error. (4)

58. Children enjoy listening to (1) / ghost stories (2) / especially on Halloween night. (3) / No error.(4)

59. I (1) / have (2) / many works to do. (3)/ No error.(4)

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60. There are so many filth (1) / all around (2) / the place. (3) / No error.(4)

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.06.2011 (Second Sitting)

61. A great many student (1)/ have been declared (2)/ successful. (3)/ No error. (4)

62. We are going to launch (1)/ this three-crores project (2)/ within the next few months. (3)/ No error. (4)

63. I hope to go to shopping (1)/ this weekend (2)/ if the weather permits. (3)/ No error. (4)

64. The lawyer asked (1)/ if it was worth to take (2)/ the matter to court. (3)/ No error. (4)

65. After a carefully investigation (1)/ we discovered (2)/ that the house was infested with termites. (3)/
No error. (4)

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (First Sitting)

66. The future of food companies (1) / seems quite secure (2) / owed to ever-growing demand. (3)/ No
error. (4)

67. The vaccine (1) / when hit the Indian market (2) / is dogged by controversy. (3) / No error. (4)

68. His son(1) / is working (2) / very hardly. (3) / No error.(4)

69. Do you know that it was I (1) / who has done (2) / this piece of beautiful work? (3)/ No error.(4)

70. The company has ordered(1) / some (2) / new equipments.(3) / No error.(4)

(SSC Combined Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 26.06.2011 (Second Sitting)

71. If you had told me(1) / I would have helped you (2) / solve the problem. (3)/ No error (4)

72. “The Arabian Nights” (1) / are indeed (2) / an interesting book. (3) / No error (4)

73. He (1) / loved her (2) / despite of himself. (3) / No error (4)

74. Of all the models (1) / Jessica is (2) / the more good-looking one. (3)/ No error (4)

75. When I went there (1)/ Charles is playing (2) / a game of chess.(3) / No error (4)

(SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. 28.08.2011 (Paper-I)

76. The way to increase the production of the food (1)/ is to bring more land (2)/ under cultivation. (3)/
No error. (4)

77. The girls watched intently (1)/ as the model applied her makeup (2)/ with a practised hand. (3)/ No
error. (4)

78. If he is a millionaire (1)/ he would help (2)/ the millennium project. (3)/ No error. (4)

79. The Prime Minister along with his Cabinet colleagues (1)/ have been welcomed by the Chief Minister
(2)/at a formal ceremony. (3)/No error. (4)

80. The political candidate talked (1)/ as if she has already been elected (2)/ to the presidency. (3)/ No
error. (4)

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 (FCI Assistant Grade-II Exam. 22.01.2012 Paper-I)

81. You have been doing (1)/ your homework (2)/ regularly ? (3)/ No error (4)

82. The same procedure (1)/ also should used (2)/ for the final assessment. (3)/ No error (4)

83. I must find out (1)/ some means to balance (2)/ my budget. (3)/ No error. (4)
84. Thank you, (1)/I am fine (2)/ completely. (3)/ No error (4)
85. He asked me (1)/ when could I finish (2)/ the work. (3)/ No error (4)

FCI Assistant Grade-III Exam. 25.02.2012 (Paper-I) North Zone (Ist Sitting)

86. Neither of them (1)/ is (2)/ good (3)/. No error (4)

87. Due to me being a new comer (1)/ I was unable (2)/ to get a good house (3)/. No error (4)

88. The circulation of The Statesman (1)/ is greater than (2)/ that of any newspaper. (3)/. No error (4)

89. In the garden (1)/ were the more beautiful flowers (2)/ and silver bells (3)/. No error (4)

90. The poet (1)/ describes about (2)/ the spring season (3)/. No error (4)

(SSC Data Entry Operator Exam. 31.08.2008)

91. (1) They agreed (2) to repair the damage (3) freely of charge (4) No error

92. (1) When Darun heard the news that his father had been hospitalized (2) he cancelled his trip (3) and
returned back to his village (4) No error

93. (1) The Governing Board (2) comprises of (3) several distinguished personalities (4) No error

94. (1) My uncle does not spend (2) so much money on that House (3) unless he thinks of moving in soon
(4) No error

95. (1) Neither my sister nor my brothers (2) are interested (3) in moving to another house (4) No error

(SSC Data Entry Operator Exam. 02.08.2009)

96.We saw (1)/ sand sculptures (2)/ in the beach. (3)/ No error. (4)

97. Everybody in the office (1)/ has left early, (2)/ haven’t they ? (3)/ No error. (4)

98. The teacher told that (1)/ the students should have gone to the library (2)/ instead of having wasted
their time. (3)/ No error. (4)

99. He is (1)/ one of the tallest boy (2)/ in the class. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Data Entry Operator Exam. 02.08.2009)

100. He was awarded (1)/ with a doctorate degree (2)/ for his new invention. (3)/ No error. (4)

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.C
11.A 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.D
21.C 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.D
31.A 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.C 36.D 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.B
41.C 42.B 43.C 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.A

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51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.C 59.C 60.A
61.A 62.B 63.A 64.B 65.A 66.C 67.C 68.C 69.B 70.C
71.D 72.B 73.C 74.C 75.B 76.A 77.C 78.A 79.B 80.B
81.A 82.B 83.B 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.A 88.C 89.B 90.B
91.C 92.C 93.B 94.A 95.D 96.C 97.D 98.A 99.B 100.B

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 18. Mis - Spelt word

Directions (1-5) : In these questions, four words are given out of which only one is misspelt. Find that mis-spelt
word.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 1997)
1. a) combination b) exageration c) hallucination d) admonition

2. a) sacrosanct b) secrilege c) sacred d) sacrament

3. a) allitration b) allowance c) almighty d) almanac

4. a) idiosyncrasy b) idealize c) idiosy d) ideology

5. a) jeundice b) jasmine c) javelin d) jarring

Directions (6-10) : Four words have been written out of which three are correctly spelt and one is wrongly spelt.
Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 09.09.2001)
6. a) eminent b) iminent c) eloquent d) exuberant

7. a) tailor b) sculpter c) doctor d) fitter

8. a) mathametician b) statistician c) dietician d) physician

9. a) grotesque b) burlesque c) picturesque d) pectorial

10. a) Indomitable b) formidble c) amicable d) admirable

Directions (11-15) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group one word is wrongly
spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 16.11.2003)
11. a) submitted b) admitted c) comitted d) omitted

12. a) brillient b) valiant c) salient d) radiant

13. a) recuperate b) regulate c) reinstate d) seperate

14. a) cease b) seize c) besiege d) beseach

15. a) carrier b) carreer c) courier d) barrier

Directions (16-20) : In the following questions, find out the misspelt word from among the groupsof four words.
(SSC Section Officer (Audit)14.12.2003)
16. a) personel b) personnel c) notional d) nationalist

17. a) impetuous b) impetinent c) imperial d) implication

18. a) prefer b) defer c) difer d) refer

19. a) mercenary b) machinery c) missionery d) visionary

20. a) seize b) decaive c) believe d) reign

Directions (21–25) : In these questions, groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is correctly
spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 14.12.2003)
21. a) samblance b) semblence c) semblance d) samblence

22. a) gyneecology b) gynecology c) gynaeccology d) gynacology

23. a) hypochondria b) hypocondria c) hypochondrea d) hyppochondrea

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24. a) instentaneous b) instantaneous c) instanttanious d) instantanious

25. a) itinarrary b) itinarary c) itinrary d) itinerary

Directions (26–35) : In the following questions, four words are given in each question, out of which only one word
is rightly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) 05.12.2004)
26. a) entirty b) gratious c) discern d) contestent

27. a) reminiscence b) renounciation c) recolection d) relaxasion

28. a) scenary b) granery c) visionary d) luminery

29. a) colaborate b) coroborate c) cooperate d) colocate

30. a) fullfil b) ill-will c) fabbulous d) usefull

31. a) receprocate b) recive c) recetation d) receipt

32. a) travalling b) remitance c) kidnaping d) equitable

33. a) necessery b) temparory c) itinerary d) sanguinery

34. a) psycholagy b) appology c) criminolegy d) archaeology

35. a) asociate b) intagrate c) appropriate d) exhilerate

Directions (36-45) : In the following questions groups of four words are given. In each group one word is correctly
spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 05.06.2005)
36. a) mischevious b) miscariage c) misdemeanor d) misnomar

37. a) harassment b) comitment c) breevement d) temparament

38. a) capracious b) auspicious c) falacious d) dellicious

39. a) inefable b) inacessible c) infallible d) invinscible

40. a) camoflage b) tabuleau c) milieu d) mirase

41. a) existence b) occurence c) depandance d) persistance

42. a) sponsership b) soverign c) subservient d) sepulchur

43. a) handicaped b) frolicked c) kidnaped d) developped

44. a) corcion b) precision c) negociation d) explotion

45. a) deliquancy b) frequancy c) discrepency d) hesitancy

Directions (46-50) : In the following questions, a word has been written in four different ways out of which only
one is correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV 31.7.2005)
46. a) choronology b) chronology c) cronology d) chronalogy

47. a) scintilating b) scintillatinge c) scintillating d) scintilliting

48. a) nemesys b) nemisis c) nemesis d) nemysis

49. a) anamoly b) anomaly c) anamaly d) anomoly

50. a) persevarance b) perseverance c) perseverense d) perseverents

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Directions (51–55) : In the following questions four words are given in each question, out of which only one word
is wrongly spelt. Find out the misspelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) 25.09.2005)
51. a) competent b) rapentant c) penitent d) consistent

52. a) assure b) insure c) sensure d) ensure

53. a) siage b) seize c) receive d) believe

54. a) responsibility b) opportanity c) possibility d) generosity

55. a) courageous b) stampede c) temple d) saliloquy

Directions (56–65) : In the following questions, four words are given in each question, out of which only one word
is correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise)11.12.2005)
56. a) conscince b) conscience c) consciens d) consiens

57. a) magnificent b) megnificent c) magnificient d) magneficent

58. a) rennassance b) renaissance c) rennaiscence d) rennaissance

59. a) irrepairable b) irreparable c) ireparable d) irepairable

60. a) superfluous b) suparfluous c) superfluos d) superflouss

61. a) pharmaceautical b) pharmeceutical c) pharmaceutical d) farmaceutical

62. a) recommandation b) recomendation c) recommendation d) reccomandation

63. a) neccesity b) necessity c)nesissity d) necessety

64. a) adrass b) address c) addres d) adrress

65. a) refridgerator b) refrigerater c) refreggerator d) refrigerator

Directions (66-75) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group one word is
wrongly–spelt. Find out the wrongly/ spelt word.(SSC Statistical Investigators Grade-IV13.08.2006)
66. a) grandly b) effectively c) genorally d) normally

67. a) trickery b) uproar c) comotion d) argument

68. a) benevolent b) compassionate c) generous d) sympathatic

69. a) associate b) traipse c) bruere d) manhandle

70. a) dispatch b) attatch c) detach d) catch

71. a) attendence b) preference c) providence d) evidence

72. a) acquire b) acquatic c) acquittal d) acquiesce

73. a) therapeutic b) bureaucretic c) thermometer d) barricade

74. a) idyllic b) idiotic c) prolific d) miopic

75. a) emerjency b) delegate c) mandatory d) appreciate

Directions (76 – 85) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is
correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) 12.11.2006)
76. a) excution b) excitament c) expedition d) extrection

77. a) externel b) extrovet c) introvert d) exect

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78. a) expact b) impact c) exite d) impect

79. a) effacting b) interesting c) affacting d) entertening

80. a) supremecy b) suppressor c) surfait d) surender

81. a) spectacular b) spactroscope c) spinache d) splended

82. a) sacrosant b) secrificial c) sacrilege d) sabotege

83. a) discription b) discretion c) disemination d) dessertation

84. a) occurance b) occesion c) occupancy d) octogenarean

85. a) humorous b) humenitarianism c) hulabaloo d) hurrecane

Directions (86-90) : In the following questions four words have been written out of which three are correctly spelt
and one is wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) 26.11.2006
86. a) efficient b) sufficient c) magnificient d) proficient

87. a) transferred b) referred c) sufered d) deferred

88. a) proceed b) exceed c) superseed d) succeed

89. a) admonish b) aborigin c) aberration d) agrarian

90. a) confident b) confiscate c) conjecture d) conversent

Directions (91 – 95) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group one word is
wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 0.12.2006)
91. a) preposterous b) disasterous c) murderous d) onerous

92. a) severity b) cruelity c) sincerity d) superiority

93. a) begining b) winning c) mining d) running

94. a) complement b) compliment c) supplement d) requirment

95. a) amliorate b) zealot c) penetrate d) stain

Directions (96-100) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is
wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) 30.09.2007
96. a) courageous b) outrageous c) languoreous d) spacious

97. a) lapped b) murmued c) deterred d) worshipped

98. a) sergent b) silhouette c) session d) somnambulist

99. a) façade b) inept c) quotation d) pursuasive

100. a) demeanour b) deodorize c) demonstrator d) demoralize

Directions (101-110) : In the following questions groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is
wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) 25.11.2007)
101. a) metaphor b) expletive c) allegary d) parody

102. a) neurosurgeon b) homoeopath c) bureaucrat d) veteinary

103. a) variety b) anxiety c) gaitey d) society

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104. a) assissment b) assignment c) alignment d) inherent

105. a) synonymus b) anonymous c) unanimous d) pseudonymous

106. a) condom b) condemn c) contampt d) content

107. a) accumulate b) challenge c) beginning d) tolerent

108.a) peruse b) persuade c) persuit d) pursue

109. a) waitage b) baggage c) luggage d) village

110. a) receive b) conceive c) perceive d) decieve

Directions (111-115) : In the following questions, four words are given in each question, out of which only one
word is wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word. (SSC Section Officer (Audit) 10.12.2006)
111. a) accomplice b) accompaniment c) accomplishment d) accomodation

112. a) replaceable b) replaceing c) replacement d) replaced

113. a) relieve b) protein c) deceit d) frieght

114. a) labrinth b) laboratory c) laborious d) library

115. a) commit b) comedian c) committee d) comunication

Directions (116 –120) : In the following questions, four words are given in each question, out of which only one
word is wrongly spelt. Find that misspelt word.(SSC Section Officer (Audit) 30.11.2008)
116. a) poignant b) ralevant c) prevalent d) malignant

117. a) seize b) achieve c) wierd d) leisure

118. a) repent b) serpent c) flagrent d) reverent

119. a) dining b) shining c) determining d) begining

120. a) vendetta b) verisimilitude c) vicarious d) vociferrate

Directions (121 – 130) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is
wrongly spelt. Find the misspelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) 14.12.2008)
121. a) prioratise b) picturing c) visualize d) individualize

122. a) mendacious b) obnoxcious c) pernicious d) ferocious

123. a) penatrate b) irritate c) hesitate d) perforate

124. a) passagway b) causeway c) subway d) straightway

125. a) rapport b) support c) repport d) purport

126. a) stationary b) dictionery c) revolutionary d) voluntary

127. a) temperature b) temperament c) tempastuous d) temptation

128. a) whether b) weathere c) whither d) wither

129. a) legible b) comunicable c) incorrigible d) eligible

130. a) audacious b) auspicious c) cepricious d) credulous

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Directions (131-140) : In the following questions, four words are given in each question, out of which only one
word is wrongly spelt. Find the misspelt word.(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) 29.03.2009)
131. a) quadruple b) quagmaire c) quadrangle d) quadrant

132. a) postar b) pastor c) posture d) pasture

133. a) reference b) preference c) difference d) performence

134. a) agreeablly b) cruelly c) doubtfully d) fatally

135. a) nomenclature b) non-interfereance c) nonchalant d) non-commissioned

136. a) insolvency b) legitimacy c) hypocrisy d) ideosyncracy

137. a) aniversary b) bureaucracy c) heresy d) secrecy

138. a) embankment b) deliberately c) preceding d) proleferous

139. a) inexplicable b) inevitable c) inextinguishable d) inexpressable

140. a) representation b) verification c) amplification d) liberalisetion

Directions (141–145) : In the following questions, groups of four words are given. In each group, one word is
correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word. (SSC CGL Tier-I 16.05.2010 )

141. a) collaborate b) commmorate c) colate d) choclate

142. a) circuiteous b) clairvoyant c) chivelery d) cavelcade

143. a) severety b) sovereignity c) superiorty d) serenity

144. a) cumuletive b) comemorative c) accumulative d) accommodative

145. a) bendiction b) basmirch c) beneficient d) benevolence

146. a) parapharnelia b) parsimonious c) pecadillo d) peadiatrics

147. a) measureabl b) manageable c) marriageable d) manoevrable

148. a) tussel b) tunnal c) tumble d) trable

149. a) populus b) pompuous c) prelious d) presumptuous

150. a) imprompttu b) illustrious c) illusery d) impetous

Answer Key

1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.B
21.C 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B
31.D 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.C 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.C
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.B 45.D 46.B 47.C 48.C 49.B 50.B
51.B 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.B 59.B 60.A
61.C 62.C 63.B 64.B 65.D 66.C 67.C 68.D 69.C 70.B
71.A 72.B 73.B 74.D 75.A 76.C 77.C 78.B 79.B 80.B
81.A 82.C 83.B 84.C 85.A 86.C 87.C 88.C 89.B 90.D
91.B 92.B 93.A 94.D 95.A 96.C 97.B 98.A 99.D 100.C
101.C 102.D 103.C 104.A 105.A 106.C 107.D 108.C 109.A 110.D

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111.D 112.B 113.D 114.A 115.D 116.B 117.C 118.C 119.D 120.D
121.A 122.B 123.A 124.A 125.C 126.B 127.C 128.B 129.B 130.C
131.B 132.A 133.D 134.A 135.B 136.D 137.A 138.D 139.D 140.D
141.A 142.B 143.D 144.D 145.D 146.B 147.B 148.C 149.D 150.B

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 19. Fill in the blanks

Ex- 1
1. Once you suspect a person of double dealing, you ought to keep him at arm's _______.
A) distance B) length C) aim D) width

2. I have read one novel by Premchand. I want to read________ novel by him.

A) other B) another C) all D) a few

3. God is_______.
A) graceful B) gracious C) grateful D) greatful

4. I think they allow their children too much ______

A) liberality B) latitude C) lassitude D) levity

5. Johny, where are you? _______up this tree.

A) There I am B) There am I C) Here am I D) Here I am

6. In high school many of us never realised the importance that grammar would ____in later life
A) figure B) portray C) play D) exercise

7. The French ______reputed to have a very good sense of humour.

A) is B) was C) are D) will be

8. Moreover, a fact finding mission ...... by BSN to India in January this year strongly recommended that the
French group should go it alone, and not hand over ...... to an Indian Partner.
A) organised, papers B) constituted, authority
C) sponsored, power D) dispatched, control

9. I ______a car to be absolutely necessary these days.

A) consider B) regard C) think D) agree

10. The battalion operating from the mountain was able to ______three enemy divisons.
A) tie up B) tie down C) tie on D) tie with

11. Physically we are now all neighbors, but psychologically. we are _______ to each other.
A) primitives B) complimentary C) strangers D) cowards

12. The boy was cured ______typhoid.

A) from B) of C) for D) through

13. The king ...... the rebel.

A) excused B) forgave C) pardoned D) none of these

14. In a changing and _______unstructured business environment, creativity and innovation are being _______
demanded of executives.
A) highly, extremely B) progressively, increasingly
C) increasingly, moderately D) excessively, rapidly

15. Besides other provisions, that shopkeeper deals _________ cosmetics.

A) with B) in C) it D) for

16. The luggage was ______ heavy for him to lift

A) much B) as C) so D) too

17. That the poor in our country, are happy is ______________ .

A) a dream B) a vision C) an ideal D) an illusion

18. 'Please' and 'Thank you' are the little courtesies by which we keep the ______ of life oiled
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and running smoothly.
A) path B) machine C) garden D) river

19. But the introductory fee does not stop after the initial handshake, brokers have to_____ it up after each
transaction.
A) bring B) cough C) boost D) give

20. There is a keen ...... in each trade.

A) contest B) comparison C) competition D) cooperation

21. He is a very careful person, he never takes side but remains______.

A) impartial B) unbiased C) neutral D) prejudiced

22. I put ________the light and slept.

A) up B) down C) in D) out

23. When their examinations are over, the children gleefully _____the books they had been reading.
A) shelve B) sidetrack C) overthrew D) abandon

24. He was accused ...... stealing his aunt's necklace.

A) for B) with C) of D) on

25. Walking at 3'o clock, I heard the ...... of thunder.

A) crackle B) rumble C) ripple D) clank

26. A woman came in with a baby who, she said,_________ a safety pin.
A) was just swallowing B) swallowed
C) had just swallowed D) just swallowed

27. She ...... from the crowd because of her height and flaming red hair.
A) stood out B) stood off C) stood up D) stood by

28. The team was well trained and strong, but somehow their ________was low.
A) feeling B) moral C) consciousness D) morale

29. Sita's heart _________at the sight of the beautiful diamond necklace.
A) leapt B) stopped C) slowed D) ran

30. The pilot had been warned about the storm, before he_______.
A) took away B) took up C) took over D) took off

31. West Bengal ______plentiful rainfall and is consequently a very green part of the country.
A) misses B) receives C) expects D) regrets

32. The Hubble Space Telescope will search for planets around the stars, a key to the _____extraterrestrial life, and
examine interstellar dust and gases out of which stars are born.
A) perception B) discovery C) enquiry D) quest

33. A stone that goes on rolling _____no moss.

A) collects B) gets C) gathers D) accumulates

34. Ambition is one of those ______which are never satisfied.

A) ideas B) fancies C) passions D) feeds

35. He is so _______to light that he never leaves the house without sunglasses.
A) insensitive B) sensitive C) afraid D) immune

36. This brand of TV is quite inferior ______that one.

A) than B) to C) with D) over

37. Hardly had he arrived _____ it started raining.

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A) before B) when C) than D) after

38. If I take a state roadways bus, I'll get late, ______?

A) isn't it B) won't I C) will I D) is it

39. The boy fell _____bicycle.

A) of B) off C) from D) under

40. Once he has signed the agreement, he won't be able to ________

A) back up B) back in C) back at D) back out

41. I shall take revenge _______you.

A) from B) with C) on D) at

42. The more your action and thought are allied and ________the happier you grow.
A) divergent B) unraveled C) integrated D) invincible

43. He lives near a lovely _____of countryside.

A) length B) piece C) section D) stretch

44. The cinema ____a welcome escape from cramped and dull city life and the Indians are avid movie-goers.
A) depicts B) highlights C) follows D) offers

45. A sanguine outlook is associated with the ______.

A) rationalist B) socialist C) philanthropist D) optimist

46. The English schemed to continue their rule in India by playing off one community _____ the other.
A) before B) upon C) against D) with

47. Health is too important to be ......

A) discarded B) despised C) detested D) neglected

48. The new education policy provides a useful _______for the planners to remove illiteracy.
A) breakup B) breakthrough C) breakaway D) break-in

49. He is the person who is ______to blame.

A) mostly B) sure C) most D) bound

50. Ayesha always ______the permission of her father before going for movies.
A) seeking B) seeks C) sought D) seeker

51. An employment advertisement should ...... the number of vacancies.

A) provide B) specify C) contain D) declare

52. The criminal seems to have acted in ...... the three others.
A) collusion B) coalition C) collision D) cohesion

53. The traveler slept under the ...... shade of banyan tree.
A) cold B) cool C) cooling D) dark

54. When varun left the cocktail party he was as ...... as a judge.
A) sober B) drunk C) brave D) wise

55. He felt no ...... as he plunged the knife into her back.

A) qualms B) scruple C) conscience D) morals

56. When I was a child, I ......to school everyday instead going by cycle.
A) had walked B) walked C) have walked D) have been walking

57. The river overflowed its ...... and flooded the area.
A) edges B) fronts C) limits D) banks
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58. Many of the advances of civilisation have been conceived by young people just on the____ of adulthood
A) boundary B) threshold C) peak D) horizon

59. The building comprises ______sixty rooms.

A) of B) onto C) by D) no preposition needed

60. It being an ____issue, it is not correct to introduce questions of morality in to the debate.
A) moral B) immoral C) amoral D) irrelevant

61. About twenty clerks were made ...... when the banks introduced computers.
A) dispensable B) redundant C) expandable D) obsolete

62. The family gave father a gold watch on the _________of his fiftieth birthday.
A) time B) event C) occasion D) celebration

63 Indeed, all over the world, more and more people are _______coffee.
A) wanting B) drinking C) liking D) partaking

64. We shall not to be able to use your ability in court unless we can find someone to _____ to statements.
A) corroborate B) avouch C) verify D) approve

65. The old Nature versus _______debate regarding crime continues even today.
A) Man B) Universe C) Culture D) Nurture

66. Find the _______that accompany these cartoons.

A) topics B) titles C) captions D) headings

67. Natwarlal _______them all for a ride by producing false documents.

A) took B) cheated C) kept D) let

68. Brothers must live in harmony. They must never fall ________.
A) off B) out C) apart D) away

69. Wheat _________carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, and dietary fibre in our daily diet.
A) has B) gives C) yields D) provides

70. In our zeal for progress we should not _______executive with more power.
A) avoid B) give C) enhance D) arm

71. That rule is applicable ________every one.

A) to B) for C) about D) with

72. _______ she is clever, she often makes mistakes.

A) Despite B) Since C) Although D) Yet

73. The Sun _______at six this morning.

A) raised B) rose C) arose D) aroused

74. He became enamored _______ her grace when he first saw her dance.
A) with B) of C) by D) in

75. I haven't eaten an apple _____ a long while.

A) from B) since C) for D) until

76. It ________ that Prashant will not be selected for the post
A) feels B) looks C) believes D) seems

77. I hate sitting _______ him as he always smells of garlic.

A) besides B) along C) at D) beside

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78. During Diwali the shops are ______ of people.
A) busy B) full C) crowded D) bubbling

79. Owing to the power cut in the area, factories are being forced to_____ men
A) throw away B) send off C) put off D) lay off

80. The machine is difficult to build ______easy to maintain.

A) but B) and C) for D) if

81. You cannot devise a method which _______all possibility of errors.

A) excludes B) includes C) avoids D) ignores

82. Many______ decisions were taken at the meeting.

A) hectic B) historic C) historical D) histrionic

83. The telephone_______ several times before I answered it.

A) was ringing B) has rung C) had rung D) would ring

84. The car in which the minister was traveling ...... with an accident.
A) hit B) drove C) crashed D) met

85. Jawaharlal spent his childhood ...... Anand Bhawan.

A) at B) in C) on D) across

86. He passed the examination in the first class because he ......

A) was hard working for it B) worked hardly for it
C) had worked hard for it D) was working hard for it

87. He was sent to the prison for his ......

A) sin B) vice C) crime D) guilt

88. Life is to death as pleasure is to ......

A) poverty B) suffering C) anguish D) pain

89. If you persists in telling lies to me I shall sue you ...... slander.
A) to B) on C) for D) with

90.______works of reference are valuable as Encyclopedia, Brittanica.

A) A few B) Few C) The few D) Fewer

91. Sonika is quite intelligent but rather ......

A) idealistic B) generous C) lazy D) optimistic

92. In the modern materialistic society, the only aim of people appears to be ...... money by
fair means or foul.
A) print B) produce C) acquire D) extort

93. He _______in wearing the old fashioned coat in spite of his wife's disapproval.
A) insists B) persists C) desists D) resists

94. If our friends are not able to take us in their car, we must make______ arrangements to go to the airport.
A) alternative B) another C) alternate D) possible

95. Rohan and Rohit are twin brothers, but they do not look_______.
A) unique B) different C) likely D) alike

96. The ruling party will have to put its own house ______order.
A) in B) on C) to D) into

97. Man does not live by ______alone.

A) food B) bread C) meals D) diet
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98. Fate smiles ...... those who untiringly grapple with stark realities of life.
A) with B) over C) on D) round

99. Catching the earlier train will give us the ...... to do some shopping.
A) chance B) luck C) possibility D) occasion

100. The grapes are now ...... enough to be picked.

A) ready B) mature C) ripe D) advanced

Exercise - 1
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.D 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C
21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.A 30.D
31.B 32.D 33.C 34.C 35.B 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.B 40.D
41.C 42.C 43.D 44.D 45.D 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.C 50.B
51.B 52.A 53.B 54.D 55.A 56.B 57.D 58.B 59.D 60.D
61.B 62.C 63.B 64.A 65.A 66.C 67.A 68.B 69.D 70.D
71.A 72.C 73.B 74.B 75.C 76.D 77.D 78.B 79.D 80.A
81.A 82.B 83.C 84.D 85.A 86.C 87.C 88.D 89.C 90.B
91.C 92.C 93.B 94.A 95.D 96.A 97.B 98.C 99.A 100.C

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 Ex-2
Fill in the Blanks Related Questions and Answers

1. Children enjoy _____ the TV programs.

a) to look at b) watching c) to see d) to watch

2.In a classroom student are to be trained to love _____

a) one another b) altogether c) each other d) all others

3.You have all come well prepared. I ____ you to pass this exam.
a) hope b) expect c) wish d) except

4.A ____ of Japanese artists stepped off the coach amidst warm welcome.
a) bank b) gang c) troop d) troupe

5.For all his ____he is a ____

a) tricks cheat b) stupidity, fool c) wealth, miser d) health, player

6.it took the child a long time to recover ____ the shock
a) over b) about c) under d) from

7.Tourists always enjoyed ____ the setting Sun in the Darjeeling Hills.
a) in seeing b) seeing c) to watch d) watching

8.When he died, Ramanujan ____behind three notebooks.

a) left b) leaves c) was leaving d) had left want

9.She was relieved to hear from the doctor that the tumor was not malignant; it was _____
a) discovered b) sizeable c) exposed d) benign

10.The speaker did not properly space out his speech, but went on ____ one point only.
a) devoting b) decrying c) stressing d) avoiding

11.A person who_____ on his own effort has the best chance to win.
a) relies b) runs c) makes d) puts

12.It is____ if we can organise another exam this month

a) impractical b) unsure c) doubtful d) unlikely

13.All the applicants ____ and the results will be announced next week.
a) are to be ranked b) are ranking c) rank d) are to rank

14.Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and ______
a) neither Mexico does b) either does Mexico c) Mexico does neither d) Mexico doesn't
either

15.The meeting is ____ because the funds have not arrived.

a) put away b) put out c) put in d) put off

16.Gandhiji will _____in history as one of the greatest men, that ever lived.
a) go down b) go through c) go by d) go on

17.Since Elizabeth Barrett Browning's father never approved of _______ Robert Browning, the couple eloped to
Italy where they lived and wrote.
a) she marrying b) she to marry c) her to marry d) her marrying

18.The cost of ____ is rising rapidly in this city.

a) surviving b) living c) being d) existing

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19.She is beautiful brave.
a) yet b) so (c) but d) and

20.The greater the demand, _____ the price.

a) the higher b) the higher c) higher d) high

21.Most people are influenced by _____ advertisements and tend to believe the claims made about the product
a) efficient b) vigorous c) colourful d) aggressive

22.Kumar ____ boy swam across the sea for safety

a) a 17 year aged b) the 17 year old c) a 17 years old d) a 17 year old

23.If she _____a bird, she would fly

a) were b) was a c) is d) are

24.As he proved inefficient the company ____ him.

a) evicted b) expelled c) rejected d) ejected

25.All decisions, _____ are likely to be taken by consensus.

a) somehow b) however c) anyhow d) forever

26.We are all very indignant_____ the injustice done to him.

a) to b) at c) for d) of

27.Ramappa _____as the mayor of the town and he will assume charge this Friday.
a) is elected b) is electing c) elects d) elected

28.Mr. Obi put his whole life ____ the work.

a) into b) upon c) on d) in

29.King George V's accession _____the throne was celebrated with great pomp.
a) against b) to c) for d) with

30. An employee who doesn't make time for self-care eventually _________ his output and productivity.
a).increases b).supports c).damages
d).discusses e).heightens

Answer Key

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.C
11.A 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.A
21.C 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.B

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 Ex – 3

SSC CGL (Tier - 2) 12 January 2017"

1.The gate _______ by the watchman on duty.

a) opened b) was opened c) were opened d) was Opening

2.The king was _______ while he was addressing his subjects.

a) murdered b) executed c) assassinated d) exterminated

3.Her parents will never give their _____ to such an unsuitable match.
a) acquiescence b) consent c) agreement d) willingness

4.The authorities would not ______ to the strikers' demands.

a) accept b) accede c) accession d) access

5.They are so ______, they could not put up a tent properly, while camping.
a) red b) white c) blue d) green

Directions: Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose
the set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. SBI PO: 28-04-2013

6. When you want to digitalise a city ______ with millions, you don’t bet _____ the odds.
a) proceeding, into b) teeming, against c) undergoing, adhere
d) dangling, for e) falling, above

7. The numbers ________ by the legitimate online music service providers indicate that a growing number of users
are _______ to buy music.
a) morphed, ignoring b) labeled, thriving c) figured, fanatic
d) painted, interested e) touted, willing

8. If India is _________ on protecting its resources, international business appears equality ______ to safeguard its
profit.
a) dreaded, fragile b) stubborn, weak c) bent, determined
d) approaching settled e) observed, prepared

9. Brands ________ decision-simplicity strategies make full use of available information to ______ where
consumers are on the path of decision making and direct them to the best market offers.
a) diluting, divulge b) tempting, maintain c) imputing, overdrive
d) pursuing, assess e) employing, trust

10. Lack of financing options, ________ with HR and technological _______, make small and medium enterprises
sectors the most vulnerable component of our economy.
a) except, loophole b) coupled, challenges c) armed, benefits
d) registered, strategies e) strengthened, facilities

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 11-15) : In each question below, two sentences or parts of sentences are given with two blank
spaces ( ____ ) ( _____ ) between them. From among the three parts / sentences denoted by (A), (B) and (C) given
below each, find out which two can fill up the blanks in proper sequence (i.e. the order in which these are given in
the answer options) to make the sentence/ group of sentences meaningfully complete. IBPS PO Exam - " 31-10-
2015"

11. Four years ago, I had a major surgery. (____) . (____) . I was too ill.
(A) It left me disabled.
(B) My attempts to go back to work could not succeed.
(C) I had fully recovered except for some minor weakness.
a) (B) and (A) only b) (C) and (A) only c) (B) and (C) only
d) (A) and (B) only e) (A) and (C) only

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12. Based on scientific research, scientists conclude that (___) (____), they will live even more than a hundred
years.
(A) keep themselves active all through
(B) exercise more, ensure proper vitamin intake,
(C) human species, if regulate their diet,
a) Only (A) and (B) b) Only (A) and (C) c) Only (C) and (A)
d) Only (C) and (B) e) Either C and (A) or (C) and (B)

13. The Central Government’s plans to (_____) (_____) despite the fact that the opposition parties’ united front had
mobilized support of general public at the outskirts of Mumbai.
(A) defy the curfew imposed to prevent the proposed rally from protesting against the hike in petrol prices
(B) curb the rally called for by the opposition succeeded due to ruling party’s an nouncement to
(C) cancel all the trains entering Mumbai,
a) (A) and (B) only b) (B) and (A) only c) (B) and (C) only
d) (A) and (C) only e) Either (B) and (C) or (A) and (C)

14. The economic gloom was exacerbated yesterday by Greek Prime Minister’s surprise announcement
(_____)(____), and vote might put the torturously conceived package in jeopardy.
(A) that was struck last week
(B) that he would recommend the Parliament to strike down the obnoxious deal
(C) that his country would hold a referendum on the European debt deal
a) (C) and (A) only b) (B) and (A) only c) (A) and (C) only
d) Either (C) and (A) or (B) and (A) e) None of these

15. The world’s most powerful nations were warned (____) (___) and trigger mass social unrest.
(A) that could cost millions of jobs around the globe
(B) that international economy was on the brink of a deep new economic crisis
(C) that the only solution was pumping a huge amount of money In the economy
a) (C) and (A) only b) (B) and (A) only c) (B) and (C) only
d) (C) and (B) only e) None of these

Directions (16-30): In each of the following questions, a sentence is given with a blank. There are five words given
below each sentence. Choose the phrases among the five options that suitably fits the given blank. IBPS PO, 12th
August-2020

16. I will buy this bag since it is exactly what I have been ______.
a)calling off b)giving away c)taking after d)making out e) looking for

17. As we have been informed that the weather will get worse soon, we have decided to ________ the tennis
match.
a)take out b)put off c)make up d)Go by e) hand out

18. Before ______for Los Angeles, it is urgent that I get my car serviced today.
a)holding on b)letting down c)giving out d)finding out e)setting off

19. I am trying to _____from my roommate since I don’t want him to be infected as I am.
a)take on b)keep away c)clear up d)turn down e)give back

20. A lot of plant and animal species are in danger of ______at the moment.
a)dying out b)paying off c)turning on d)setting out e)running over

21. I have to _____my notes once again to make sure I have learned all important details before the exam.
a) stand for b) put up with c) take after d) pull down e) go over

22. My check-up results indicate that I have to _______ all my bad habits at once.
a) keep on b) let down c) give up d) put across e) bring up

23. We haven’t been able to decide on who is going to _______ our baby while we are on the business trip next
week.
a)fall out b)come to c)get by d)look after e)go on
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24. Today, there is a tendency in our culture to _____ the people who haven’t been to a university.
a)take off b)show off c)turn over d) look down on e)run out

25. The soldier will be brought to trial because he is thought to have_______ state secrets to the enemy.
a)backed up b)given away c)broken out d)turned off e)run over

26. In order not to lose its market share, our company must _______ the latest technological developments.
a)hold up b)drop in c)fall apart d)wear out e)keep up with

27. It is obvious that the new law has _________ some revolutionary changes in the current tax system but there
are still some points to be revised.
a)brought about b)broken away c)taken in d)pulled out e)come at

28. If it weren’t for the loan I got from the bank, it would have been impossible for me to_____ my own business.
a)set up b)cross out c)drop off d)take down e)throw up

29. Though he loved his fiancée very much, the boy acted in accordance with his parent’s wishes and ________
with her.
a) set out b)turned out c)made up d)broke up e)looked in

30. The fact that the inflation rate has _______in recent months indicates that the government isn’t following a
reliable economic policy
a)put forward b)come down with c) given off d)gone up e)put out

16. Sol. Look for: to hope for something; to expect something; Search something
17. Sol. Put off: to cancel a meeting or an arrangement that you have made with somebody
18. Sol. Set off: to begin a journey
19. Sol. Keep away: to avoid going near somebody/something
20. Sol. Die out: to stop existing
21. Sol. Go over: consider, examine, or check (something).
22. Sol. Give up: to stop doing or having something
23. Sol. Look after: to be responsible for or to take care of somebody/something/yourself
24. Sol. Look down on: to think that you are better than somebody
25. Sol. Give away: to make known something that somebody wants to keep secret
26.Sol. Keep up with: to learn about or be aware of the news, current events, etc.
27. Sol. Bring about: to make something happen
28. Sol. Set up: to create something or start it
29. Sol. Break up: to come to an end
30. Sol. Gone up: if the price of something, the temperature, etc. goes up, it becomes higher

Answer Key

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.E 8.C 9.D 10.B
11.D 12.E 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.E 17.B 18.E 19.B 20.A
21.E 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.B 26.E 27.A 28.A 29.D 30.D

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 20. Phrasal verbs

Phrasal Verb Meaning

Act on To take action because of something like information received.
Act out Perform something with actions and gestures..
Act up Behave badly or strangely.
Add on Include in a calculation.
Add up To make a mathematical total.
Agree with Affect- usually used in the negative to show that something has had a negative effect,
especially is it makes you feel bad.
Aim at To target.
Allow for Include something in a plan or calculation.
Allow of Make possible, permit.
Answer back To reply rudely to someone in authority.
Argue down Persuade someone to drop the price of something they're selling.
Argue out Argue about a problem to find a solution.
Ask about Ask how someone is doing, especially professionally and in terms of health.
Ask after Enquire about someone's health, how life is going.
Ask around Ask a number of people for information of help.
Ask in To invite somebody into your house.
Ask out To invite someone for a date.
Ask over Invite.
Ask round Invite someone.
Back away Retreat or go backwards.
Back down Retract or withdraw your position or proposal in an argument.
Back into Enter a parking area in reverse gear.
Back off Retreat.
Back out Fail to keep an arrangement or promise.
Back up Make a copy of computer data.
Ball up Confuse or make things complicated.
Bargain down Persuade someone to drop the price of something they're selling.
Bash about Mistreat physically.
Bash in Break, damage or injure by hitting.
Bash out Write something quickly without much preparation.
Be after Try to find or get.
Be along Arrive.
Be away Be elsewhere; on holiday, etc..
Be cut out for Be suitable, have the necessary qualities.
Be cut up Be upset.
Be down Be depressed.
Be taken with Like something.
Bear down on Move towards.
Bear on Influence, affect.
Bear out Confirm that something is correct.
Bear up Resist pressure.
Bear up under Cope with something difficult or stressful.

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 Bear with Be patient.
Beat down Strong sunshine.
Beat out Narrowly win in competition.
Beat up Attack violently.
Belong with Be in the correct or appropriate location with other items.
Bend down Lower the top half of your body.
Black out Fall unconscious.
Blast off Leave the ground- spaceship or rocket.
Block in Park a car and obstruct another car.
Block off Obstruct an exit to prevent people from leaving.
Blow away Impress greatly.
Blow down When the wind forces something to fall.
Blow in Arrive, sometimes suddenly or unexpectedly.
Blow off Not keep an appointment.
Blow up Explode.
Boil up Feel a negative emotion strongly.
Book in Check in at a hotel.
Call up Telephone.
Calm down Stop being angry or emotionally excited.
Cancel out Have an opposite effect on something that has happened, taking things back to the
beginning.
Cap off Finish or complete, often with some decisive action.
Care for Like.
Carried away Get so emotional that you lose control.
Carry forward Make something progress.
Carry off Win, succeed.
Carry on Continue.
Decide upon Choose, select.
Die away Become quieter or inaudible (of a sound).
Die back When the parts of a plant above ground die, but the roots remain alive.
Die down Decrease or become quieter.
Die for Want something a lot.
Die off Become extinct.
Die out Become extinct or disappear.
Fawn over Praise someone in an excessive way to get their favour or something from them.
Feed off Eat a food as part of an animals diet.
Feed on Give someone a particular food.
Feed up Give someone a lot of food to restore their health, make them bigger, etc.
Feel up Touch sexually, grope.
Feel up to Feel capable of doing something.
Get ahead Progress.
Get ahead of Move in front of.
Get along Leave.
Give up Stop doing something that has been a habit.
Hit on Have an idea.
Hold off Stop someone from attacking or beating you.

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 Hold on Wait.
Hook up Meet someone.
Hunt out Search until you find something.
Jack up Increase sharply.
Jaw away Talk just for the point of talking rather than having anything to say.
Keep around Keep something near you.
Keep at Continue with something difficult.
Keep away Don't allow someone near something.
Keep back Maintain a safe distance.
Key to Plan things to fit or suit people or situations.
Key up Make someone excited or nervous.
Kick about Discuss.
Kick in When a drug starts to take effect.
Kick out Expel.
Knock off Finish work for the day.
Lash down Secure something with ropes or cords.
Lash into Criticise someone strongly.
Lash out Suddenly become violent.
Lay on Organise, supply.
Lay out Spend money.
Let in Allow someone to enter.
Let off Not punish.
Line up Arrange events for someone.
Link up Connect, join.
Live by Follow a belief system to guide your behaviour.
Live down Stop being embarrassed about something.
Live with Accept something unpleasant.
Log in Enter a restricted area on a computer system.
Log into Enter a restricted area of a computer system.
Log off Exit a computer system.
Log on Enter a computer system.
Log out Exit a computer system.
Look up Consult a reference work (dictionary, phonebook, etc.) for a specific piece of information..
Make after Chase.
Make away with Steal.
Make it Arrive or get a result.
Make it up to Try to compensate for doing something wrong.
Make of Understand or have an opinion.
Make off Leave somewhere in a hurry.
Melt down Heat something solid, especially metal, until it becomes liquid.
Mix up Confuse.
Move into Start living in a place.
Move up Move to make space.
Nail down Succeed in getting, achieve.
Name after Give someone a name to remember another person.
Narrow down Remove less important options to make it easier to choose.

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Opt for Choose.
Opt in Choose to be part or a member of something.
Opt into Choose to be a member or part of something.
Opt out Choose not to be part of something.
Pack in Stop doing something.
Pack off Send someone away.
Pack out Fill a venue.
Pack up Stop doing something.
Pad down Sleep somewhere for the night.
Pad out Make a text longer by including extra content, often content that isn't particularly relevant.
Pass away Die.
Pass back Return.
Pass by Go past without stopping.
Patch up Fix or make things better.
Pay back Repay money borrowed.
Pay off Produce a profitable or successful result.
Peel away Leave a group by moving in a different direction.
Phase in Introduce gradually.
Phase out Remove gradually.
Pick at Eat unwillingly.
Pick up Collect.
Pile up Accumulate.
Pin down Discover exact details about something.
Pin on Attach the blame to someone.
Pin up Fix something to a wall, or other vertical surface, with a pin.
Pine away Suffer physically because of grief, stress, worry, etc.
Pipe down Be quiet (often as an imperative).
Pipe up To speak, raise your voice.
Play along Pretend to agree or accept something in order to keep someone happy or to get more
information.
Play around Be silly.
Play up Behave badly.
Plump down Put something in a place without taking care.
Plump for Choose.
Point out Make someone aware of something.
Polish off Finish, consume.
Polish up Improve something quickly.
Pop in Visit for a short time.
Pop off Talk loudly, complain.
Power up Turn a computer or electronic device on so that it is ready to use.
Price up Charge more for something.
Pull ahead Overtake, move in front.
Pull out Move into traffic.

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 21. Sentence Improvement
Exercise -1

Directions (1-15): In the following question, a part of sentence is bold. Below are given alternatives to the bold part
which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is required, choose “No
Improvement” option. ( CGL Tier-2 2015 - 2017 )
Q1. Reena was enough kind to help me with money and proper guidance.
a) Kind enough b) Kindly enough c) enough kindly d) No improvement

Q2. The car flew off the road and fell into the valley because Amit was driving fastest.
a) driving fastly b) driving fast c) drove fast d) No improvement

Q3. It is difficult to judge which is the older of the two brothers.

a) old of b) older c) elder of d) No improvement

Q4. You should avail of every opportunity to practice your skill.

a) avail yourself of b) avail overselves c) avail d) No improvement

Q5. A few word of gratitude are enough to express your feelings sincerely.
a) Few word of b) a few words of c) the few word d) No improvement

Q6. Sunrise is a great phenomena.

a) Phenomenon b) Phenomenons c) Phenomenas d) No improvement

Q7. You would better gone now or you’ll be late.

a) to go b) go c) going d) No improvement

Q8. We went there with a view to survey the entire procedure.

a) have been surveyed the entire b) surveying the entire
c) surveying a entire d) No improvement

Q9. One third of the students has passed.

a) Have passed b) has been passed c) have been passed d) No improvement

Q10. I made him to do the project against his wishes.

a) to be done b) to have done c) do d) No improvement

Q11. Being a cloudy I decided to go out for a walk.

a) I Being cloudy b) It being a cloudy c) These being a cloudy d) No improvement

Q12. The fact that he can’t be able to sing is known only to very few people.
a) is not able to b) couldn’t be able to c) can’t be d) No improvement

Q13. The teacher asked them to stop write as soon as the peon rang the bell.
a) to have stopped writing b) to stop writing c) to stop written d) No improvement

Q14. Sonu would had got this offer if he had attended the interview.
a) Would have had b) Would c) Would have d) No improvement

Q15. I have my own house, Don’t I?

a) Hasn’t I b) Haven’t I c) Didn’t I d) No improvement

Directions (16- 20): In each question, a part of the sentence is made bold. Below are given alternatives to the bold
part at (A), (B), (C) and (D) which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no
replacement is needed, mark (E) as your answer.

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16.Mr. Tharoor’s urban manners charm friends and enemies alike.
a). urban manners charming friends b). urbane manners charming friends
c). urban mannerisms charm friends d). urbane manners charm friends
e). No correction required

17. Religious bigots look away on anyone who does not conform to their beliefs.
a). bigots look away on b). bigots look down on c). bigots look behind on
d). bigots look in front of e). No correction required

18.Having leisure till outdoor activities such as taking a stroll down the park has become a rarity in this fast paced
life.
a). Having leisure’s till outdoor b). Having laziness for outdoor c). Having leisure in outdoor
d). Having leisure for outdoor e). No correction required

19. The Punjab National Bank fraud demonstrates the extent of operational and risk management failures in PSBs.
a). demonstrating the extent of b). demonstrates the extent in c). demonstrates the extent with
d). demonstrates the extension of e). No correction required

20. India lent a helpful handshake to Nepal by giving them 2.1 billion Nepalese rupees for the reconstruction of
houses flattened in the 2015 earthquake.
a). India lent a helping handshake b). India lent a helpful hand c). India lent a helping hand
d). India lending a helping hand e). No correction required

21. Rohit did many mischiefs.

a)committed many mischief b) made many a mischiefs
c) made much mischiefs d) no improvement

22. The kid jumped with delight on seeing the joker at the circus.
a) dud b) ruffian c) clown d) no improvement

23. One should get trained to prepare one’s own breakfast.

a) habituated b) used c) prepared d) no improvement

24. The young man was carried by the passionate appeal made by the social worker.
a) was carried towards b) was carried off by
c) got carried away by d) no improvement

25. Due to heavy monsoon showers, the water in the dam rose another foot.
a) raised another foot b) raised by a feet.
c) had risen a foot d) no improvement

Answer Key

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D
11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.E 20.C
21.A 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.D

S1. Explanation : When enough is used as an adverb it is used after the adjective which it modifies. When used as
an adjective it is used before the noun .
Hence use ‘kind enough’ in place of ‘enough kind’ as here enough is used as an adverb qualifying the adjective
‘Kind’.

S2. Explanation : Use driving ‘fast’ in place of driving ‘fastest’. Superlative degree of adjective is not needed as
there is no comparison made out.

S3. Explanation : Use ‘elder of’ in place of ‘older of’. As elder is used for people old in age and are in blood
relation

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S4. Explanation : ‘Avail’ takes reflexive pronoun after it. Hence option ‘a’ is correct.

S5. Explanation : Use ‘a few words of’ in place of ‘a few word’. As A few will take plural noun.

S6. Explanation : Phenomena is a plural word, use singular noun phenomenon. As aricle ‘a’ demands singular
noun.

S7. Explanation : Had better, would better, had rather, would rather, take bare infinitive i.e only first form of verb.

S8. Explanation : With a view to is a phrasal verb that takes gerund form of verb i.e V + ing.

S9. Explanation : One third of/The rest of /Part of + Plural countable noun takes Plural verb.

S10. Explanation : Use ‘Do’ in place of to do, (make/made+ obj + + V1) i.e make when used in active voice takes
bare infinitive.

S11. Explanation : If the subject is not mentioned before ‘being’ in the first part of the sentence, subject ‘I’of the
2nd fart becomes the common subject of both the parts with comes out to be incorrect in meaning. Hence, It being
a cloudy must be used.

S12. Explanation : Use ‘is not able to’ in place of ‘can’t be able to’. Modal CAN never takes ABLE with it as can
already implies the ability of the subject.

S13. Explanation : Use ‘to stop writing’ in place of to stop write. Stop takes gerund form of verb i.e V + ing.

S14. Explanation : Use ‘would have’ in place of would had.

If + subject + had + V3……………Subject + would +have.

S15. Explanation : Use ‘haven’t in place of ‘Don’t I’. The affirmative sentence takes the negative question tag of
the helping verb already used in the sentence. Hence Haven’t I is correct.

16.Explanation: The word ‘urban’ means ‘relating to or characteristic of a town or city’ and is unsuitable in this
sentence. The correct word to be used here is ‘urbane’ which means ‘courteous and refined in manner’. Hence
‘urbane’ should be used in place of ‘urban’ to make the sentence grammatically correct.

17.Explanation: Usage of the phrasal verb ‘look away’ which means ‘avert one’s gaze’ is inappropriate in this
sentence.
‘Look down on’ which means ‘to consider someone or something lesser or inferior in some way’ would be suitable
in this context.

18. Explanation: The word ‘leisure’ must be followed the preposition ‘for’ instead of ‘till’ in this context. The
expression “leisure for” means ‘free time for’.
Hence ‘for’ should be used in place of ‘till’ to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.

Exercise -2

Directions (1-15): A sentence/a part of the sentence is bold. Four alternatives are given to the Bold part which will
improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative and click the button corresponding to it. In case no
improvement is needed, click the button corresponding to “No improvement”. (17 Feb to 22 Feb 2018)
1. She is bent to taking revenge against her attacker.
a) bent upon b) bent in c) bent for d) No improvement

2. Herbal medicines are very efficient in treatment of jaundice.

a) affective b) effective c) expensive d) No improvement

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3. At the present rate of exchange, fourteen dozen cost Rs.3000.
(a) dozen costs b) dozens cost c) dozens costs d) No improvement

4. I made him to do the project against his wishes.

a) to be done b) to have done c) do d) No improvement

5. The fact that he can’t be able to sing is known only to very few people.
a) is not able to b) couldn’t be able to c) can’t be d) No improvement

6. You would better gone now or you’ll be late.

a) to go b) go c) going d) No improvement

Q7. The Vice Principal decided to resign when he was passed over for promotion to Principal.
a) passed by b) passed off c) passed out d) No improvement

Q8. His career saw a temporary soar in 2015 when he was unable to make any big scores.
a) apex b) slump c) upturn d) boom

Q9. Please give my regard to your parents when you see them.
a) aspersion b) grimace c) regards d) reproach

Q10. Hands probed his body from top to bottom.

a) misconducted b) pested c) realm d) No Improvement

Q11. When my wife is angry with me, she will conciliate my attempts to get back in her favour.
a) hubbub b) rebuff c) contend d) bolster

Q12. Even though she beat cancer, she still dealt with dizziness from her battle.
a) vigor b) ambuscade c) barrette d) debility

Q13. The belfried mother treated her child like a princess, despite the fact that she risked spoiling her.
a) besotted b) bestride c) botched d) crucified

Q14. If only I had known about your arrival, I may have come to the station to receive you.
a) would b) have had c) would have d) No improvement

Q15. Sam’s songs have such a lively carnal that they are very popular in dance clubs.
a) cachinnate b) blizzard c) cadence d) bawl

SOLUTIONS

1. Sol. bent on/upon: having a strong desire to do (something): determined, determined to do something.
2. Sol. Replace ‘efficient’ with ‘effective’.
3. Sol. No improvement is required. When a number is used before ‘dozen’ we do not use plural ‘dozens’.
4. Sol. Use ‘Do’ in place of to do, (make/made+ obj + + V1) i.e make when used in active voice takes bare
infinitive.
5. Sol. Use ‘is not able to’ in place of ‘can’t be able to’. Modal CAN never takes ABLE with it as can already
implies the ability of the subject.
6. Sol. Had better, would better, had rather, would rather, take bare infinitive i.e only first form of verb.
7. Sol. pass over-to skip over someone or something; to fail to select someone or something.
8. Sol. Slump: undergo a sudden severe or prolonged fall in price, value, or amount.
9. Sol. Regards: is a greeting.
10. Sol. No Improvement
11. Sol. Rebuff: reject (someone or something) in an abrupt or ungracious manner.
12. Sol. Debility: physical weakness, especially as a result of illness.

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13. Sol. Besotted: strongly infatuated or obsessed.
14. Sol. This is third conditional sentence, the structure is (subj + past perfect tense… would + have + past
participle) , hence ‘would have’ will be used.
15. Sol. Cadence: a consistent rhythm or beat.

Directions (16-35): In the follow-ing questions, a part of the sentence is printed in bold. Below are given
alter-natives to the bold part at (1), (2) and (3) which may Improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In
case, no improvement is needed your answer is (4). (SSC CGL 2010)

16. The false appearance of the build-ing erected for the function was blown away in the storm.
a) exterior b) façade c) skeleton d) No Improvement

17. I will be with you in one quarter of an hour.

a) a quarter of one hour b) a quarter of an hour
c) a quarter of hour d) No Improvement

18. She has decided to canvas for the Conservative Party.

a) advertise b) canvass c) canvassing d) No improvement

19. Serious charges of corruption were levied against him.

a) put b) leveled c) made d) No improvement

20. He ordered me open the window.

a) asked b) bade c) requested d) No improvement

21. A lot of bloodshed could have been saved, had the administration taken timely action.
a) protected b) prevented c) eschewed d) No improvement

22. Along with success comes a need for wisdom.

a) thought b) thirst c) reputation d) No improvement

23. Do you know to prepare the Balance Sheet ?

a) Do you know to balance b) Do you know to make
c) Do you know how to prepare d) No improvement

24. Neither plants nor animals, can survive without oxygen.

a) Plants can neither b) Neither can plants
c) Plants, neither d) No improvement

25.The professor has agreed to take remediable classes for the weak-er students.
a) redressal b) remedial
c) restorative d) No improvement

26. During the recent floods, we wad-ed through waist-deep water for almost half a kilometre ?
a) shuffled through b) walked over
c) skipped through d) No improvement

27. In Gujarat, communal violence and rioting ignited up twice in the late seventies and early eight-ies.
a) flared b) burned c) took d) No improvement

28. My friend lamented that though a complete report was sent to the department a month ago no ac-tion is being
taken so far.
a) no action has been taken b) no action was taken
c) no action had taken d) No improvement

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29. Hari left the house before Shyam got there.
a) will leave b) had left c) leaves d) No improvement

30. The underlining assumption is that the amount of money avail-able is limited.
a) undermining b) underlying c) underwhelming d) No improvement

31. She was criticized by her col-leagues for leaking the story to the press.
a) reproached b) dissented c) warned d) No improvement

32. Two children were knocked down by a speeding truck.

a) turned down b) pulled down c) brought down d) No improvement

33. The company is not doing well isn't it time you sell off your shares in it?
a) sold b) selling c) give d) No improvement

34. Before a skunk squeals an un-pleasant spray from the glands under its tall, it will stamp its feet and hiss a
warning.
a) Squints b) Stinks c) Squirts d) No improvement

35. Although pandas eat bamboo al-most exclusively, they are also carnivorous.
a) Until b) As soon as c) Not only d) No improvement Directions

Answer key:

1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D
11.B 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.D 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B
31.A 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.D

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 22. Reading Comprehension

Exercises - 22.1

In the following passage, you have one brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage
carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives

PASSAGE
Every profession of trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly
to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in
nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally
understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula.
Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these
technical terms are very properly include din every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on teh outskirts
of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the
character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that
have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now
uses these in his own vocabulary. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become
familiar to cultivated persons

1. Special words used in technical discussion

(a) may become part of common speech (b) never last long
(c) should resemble mathematical formula (d) should be confined to scientific fields

2. The writer of this article is

(a) a scientist (b) a politician (c) a linguist (d) a businessman

3. This passage is primarily concerned with

(a) various occupations and professions (b) technical terminology
(c) scientific undertakings (d) a new language

4. It is true that
(a) various professions and occupations often interchange words
(b) there is always a non-technical word that may be substituted for the technical word
(c) the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not emant for him
(d) everyone is interested in scientific findings

5. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the numebr of technical terms in the nomenclature of
(a) Farming (b) Fishing (c) Sports (d) Government

In May 1966, The World Health Organisation was authorised to initiate a global campaign to eradicate small pox.
The goal was to eradicate the disease in one decade. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow fever had
failed, few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated, but eleven years after the initial organisation of the
campaign, no cases were reported in the field. The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations, but also to
isolate patients with active small-pox in order to contain the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human
transmission. Rewards for reporting small-pox assisted in motivating the public to aid health workers. One by one,
each small-pox victim was sought out, removed from contact with others and treated. At the same time, the entire,
village where the victim had lived was vaccinated. Today small pox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine
vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.

6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?

(a) The World Health Organisation (b) The Eradication of Small-pox
(c) Small-pox Vaccinations (d) Infectious Diseases

7. What was the goal of the campaign against small-pox?

(a) To decrease the spread of small-pox worldwide.
(b) To eliminate small-pox worldwide in ten years.
(c) To provide mass vaccinations against small-pox worldwide.
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(d) To initiate worldwide projects for small-pox, malaria and yellow fever at the same time.

8. According to the paragraph what was the strategy used to eliminate the spread of small-pox?
(a) Vaccination of the entire village
(b) Treatment of individual victims.
(c) Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations
(d) Extensive reporting of out breaks

9. Which statement doesn't refer to small-pox?

(a) Previous projects had failed.
(b) People are no longer vaccinated for it.
(c) The World Health Organisation mounted a worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease.
(d) It was a serious threat.

10. It can be inferred that

(a) no new cases of small-pox have been reported this year.
(b) malaria and yellow fever have been eliminated.
(c) small-pox victims no longer die when they contract the disease
(d) small-pox is not transmitted from one person to another.

PASSAGE-I
(Question Nos. 11-15)
Two years later, in November 1895, he signed his final will. He left the bulk of his fortune, amounting to about
£1,75,000 to a trust fund administered by Swedish and Norwegian trustees. The annual interest shall be awarded as
prizes to those persons who during the previous year have rendered the greatest services to mankind. The interest
shall be divided into five equal parts– now amounting to about £8,000 each– one of which shall be awarded to the
person who has made the most important discovery or invention in the realm of physics, one to the person who has
made the most important chemical discovery or improvement, one to the person who has made the most important
physiological or medical discovery, one to the person who has produced the most outstanding work of literature,
idealistic in character, and one to the person who has done the best work for the brotherhood of nations, the
abolition or reduction of standing armies, as well as for the formation or popularization of peace congress.

11. The said prize is awarded

(a) once in 5 years (b) every year (c) once in 4 years (d) once in 2 years

12. Which is the prize that is referred to in the passage?

(a) Nobel Prize (b) Magsaysay Award (c) Pulitzer Prize (d) Booker Prize

13. The number of prizes in the field of science are

(a) Four (b) One (c) Three (d) Five

14. Total annual prize money amounts to

(a) £8,000 (b) £1,750,000 (c) £350,000 (d) £40,000

15. Prize is awarded for outstanding work in

(a) Chemistry (b) Literature (c) Physics (d) All the above

PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 16-20)
If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no
good reason for thinking, as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the
Equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion
shakes your own contrary conviction.

16. If someone else's opinion makes us angry, it means that

(a) we are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for becoming angry
(b) there may be good reasons for his opinion but we are not consciously aware of them
(c) our own opinion is not based on good reason and we know this subconsciously
(d) we are not consciously aware of any reason for our own opinion
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17. "Your own contrary conviction" refers to
(a) the fact that you feel pity rather than anger
(b) the opinion that two and two are four and that Iceland is a long way from the Equator
(c) the opinion that two and two are five and that Iceland is on the Equator
(d) the fact that you know so little about arithmetic or geography

18. Conviction means

(a) persuasion (b) disbelief (c) strong belief (d) ignorance

19. The writer says if someone maintains that two and two are five you feel pity because you
(a) have sympathy (b) don't agree with him
(c) want to help the person (d) feel sorry for his ignorance

20. The second sentence in the passage

(a) builds up the argument of the first sentence by restating it from the opposite point of view
(b) makes the main point which has only been introduced by the first sentence
(c) simply adds, a further point to the argument already stated in the first sentence
(d) illustrates the point made in the first sentence

PASSAGE-I

Direction (21 – 25 ):- Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions out
of the several alternatives:
The group of tired dusty riders arrived at a fork in the road. Their leader immediately sprang to the ground after
first throwing his rein to one of the others, and began to examine minutely the sandy track,
The problem was simple; if the fleeing enemy had taken the left turning, there remained little hope of catching
them, since he knew that it led back to a small settlement of native huts where they should be sheltered by the
friendly inhabitants. If, on the other hand, they had branched to the right, they would have before them the open
desert, not a flat expanse of sand such as they had just crossed, but a country broken by a series of ridges, behind
any of which a whole army could hide.
He turned to his companions to see if he could read any solution in their faces. But they were too occupied by their
aching limbs and several were taking a quick drink from the flasks which hung at their belts. He realized every
minute's delay lessened their chances of overtaking their adversaries. So, with a rapid glance at the sun, he jumped
once more into the saddle and with his whip indicated the way they were to go.

21. Why did the leader look at the sun?

a) To estimate what daylight still remained
b) He sent a silent prayer to the sun - god to show the way
c) To estimate chances of their overtaking their adversaries
d) To estimate their position in the desert

22. What, if any, was the difference in the nature of the terrain they had already traversed and the one lying ahead?
a) The country - side already traversed was ups and downs
b) There was hardly any difference as it was a vast expanse of unending desert
c) The terrain hitherto was dusty and tiring, the road ahead led back to a habitation
d) What they had crossed was a flat expanse of sand and what they lay ahead to the right was a series of ridges of
sand

23. What difficulties did they expect if they took the branch to the right?
a) The open desert ahead promised no oasis to shelter them at night
b) They were absolutely in the dark about what they lay ahead of them
c) Ahead lay a country full of ridges of sand providing cover to the fleeing enemy
d) They would have before them the open desert obstructing pursuit

24. What was the aim of the group of riders?

a)They were fleeing from a pursuing enemy
b) They had a small settlement of native huts as their goal
c) They were exploring a desert
d) They were pursuing a fleeing enemy

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25. What difficulties did the pursuers expect if they took to the left hand track?
a) It led through a trackless expanse of unending desert
b) It led to a settlement where the residents would surely shelter the enemy they were after
c) The settlement it led to was hostile to them
d) The leader anticipated a possible revolt among his followers, foot - sore, dust covered and tired as they already
were

PASSAGE-I

Direction (26 – 35 ):- Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow .You have to
choose your answers out of the four given choices (a), (b), (c) and (d).

The Supreme Court Judgement which abolishes punishment for attempted suicide will prove to be a milestone in
India's Judicial history. This is so because the judgment will benefit tens of thousands of
miserable souls who are prosecuted for failing to kill themselves. Around 50,000 suicides are reported in India
every year.Considering that three suicide bids take place for every successful one, we can safely assume that the
failed suicides amount to 1,50,000 a year in India .
These 1,50,000 individuals could be sentenced to one year in jail under Section 309 of the Indian penal Code
Which the Supreme Court Judgement has effected as being unconstitutional. Quite rightly, the judgement said that
Section punishment for a troubled individual whose deep unhappiness had caused him to try and end his life.
Yet, time and again,, the Indian police had launched these prosecutions.The Supreme Court Judgment has
overturned a 1987 decision by a division bench which had upheld the constitution
Validity of the Indian law against Suicide. The judgment had ruled that the right to life implied in the Indian
Constitution does not include the right to die.

26. Which judgement of the supreme Court will be a milestone in India's Judicial History?
(a) The one abolishing Suicide
(b) the one abetting suicide
(c) the one doing away with punishment for attempted suicide
(d) the one condoning suicide

27. Why is the judgement hailed as a milestone?

(a) because it will bring relief all around
(b) because it will lessen the work of the police
(c) because it is very balanced
(d) because it will bring relief to all those being punished for attempting suicide

28. What punishment according to the passage was envisaged for unsuccessful suicide attempts, under the Indian
law ?
(a) a fine of thousand rupees (b) death sentence
(c) one year in jail (d) extreme torture

29. The judgement has termed Section 309 as cruel and irrational because
(a) it takes away the right to life (b) it doubles the punishment of a tortured soul
(c) it is very lenient (d) it provides for false accusations

30. What has the Indian police done time and again ?
(a) it has attempted to punish those guilty of trying to end their life
(b) it has punished those who have committed suicide
(c) it has imposed hardships on citizens
(d) it has violated the Constitution

31. The Supreme Court judgement

(a) has come up with the decision on its own
(b) has reversed an earlier judgement dealing with suicide
(c) is a continuation of the 1987 decision
(d) is a unique one

32.In 1987, a division bench had

(a) rejected the Indian law against suicide (b) changed the Indian law against suicide
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(c) supported the Indian law against Suicide (d) given a new meaning to the suicide law

33. The 1987 judgement had reasoned that

(a) a man was free to die
(b) the constitution did not provide for Suicide
(c) right to die in Indian Constitution was upheld
(d) the right to life in Indian Constitution had no implication of right to die

34. The word 'effaced' in the passage means

(a) included (b) deleted (c) devised (d) dismissed

35. The word 'validity' in the passage means

(a) soundness (b) remainder (c) invocation (d) legality

Reading Comprehension
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D
21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.A
31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A

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 Exercises - 22.2

PASSAGE-I

Direction : - (Question Nos. 1 - 8)

As the Bharatiya Janata Party reportedly prepares for “Modifests” to celebrate the completion of three years in
power the citizen would be interested in knowing how their government has performed in respect of the economy.
This because in his election campaign in 2014 Narendra Modi had chosen to highlight his ability to turn the
economy for the better, notably to raise its growth rate. Once he became Prime Minister, he quickly presented his
idea of how this could be done. Manufacturing was to be the key and “Make in India” the government’s
programme to actualise it. Pressing ahead to produce in India can hardly be faulted as an objective, for in a market
economy income generation depends upon making something. As for the focus on manufacturing, its relevance
cannot be exaggerated. Indian agriculture is overcrowded. With shrinking farm size, the returns to this activity is
set to shrink and only manufacturing can absorb the labour that will have to be transferred out of agriculture. Also
manufactures are often easier to export than the services that India specialises in. So, “Make in India” is eminently
sensible of itself. But how successful has this initiative been?
Turning to the evidence, we would find that far from taking Indian manufacturing to new heights, the performance
since 2014 does not match what has been achieved in the last boom in India, which was obtained during 2003-08.
During this period, for the first time in decades, manufacturing had led the growth acceleration in the economy. In
most of these years, annual growth of manufacturing had exceeded 10%, which has not been matched since.
Interestingly, the performance of this sector in the last three years is not superior even to that at the tail end of
United Progressive Alliance (UPA) II. Clearly, “Make in India” is yet to fulfil its promise.
Now, could it be that the programme has actually had a favourable impact but the fruits are yet to appear? This is
possible, and would be the case if the programme has led to a surge in investment. But there is no evidence of this
either. If we take a wider measure of investment — that for the economy as a whole — we see that capital
formation as a share of total output has declined even more sharply since 2014 than it had been since the decline
began in 2011. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has not been forthcoming despite this
government’s business-friendly orientation. As the decline in investment had commenced in 2011, the development
itself cannot be laid at the present government’s door but it is unambiguously the case that it has not been able to
reverse it. Part of the reason has to do with the fact that the focus of “Make in India”, such as the ease of doing
business, has mostly been on the supply side. But there is demand to reckon with. Firms invest in anticipation of
demand, and when they perceive slow growth of demand, they are likely to hold backIt is clear that some part of
the slow growth of demand in India is beyond the grasp of government due to the weather cycle. Two of the past
three years have been years of very poor agricultural GDP growth, with the figure actually negative in 2014-15. But
agriculture’s performance cuts both ways, serving also as windfall when it turns out to be buoyant. Thus, for 2016-
17 the Central Statistics Office’s advance estimates indicate a more than three-fold increase in agricultural growth
while industry and services register a reduction in theirs. Had agricultural growth not risen so dramatically, growth
in 2016-17 would have slowed even more than it actually did. The government just got lucky.
Whatever may have been the demand-constraining impact of slow agricultural growth in the first two years of this
government’s tenure, the independent role of its macroeconomic policy is evident. At a time of declining private
investment the prudent thing for a government to do is to raise public investment. This has not happened on
anything like the scale necessary. Indeed, with regard to fiscal policy, the government had been guided by fiscal
consolidation defined in terms of deficit reduction. Admittedly, in this the National Democratic Alliance-II has
only taken forward a programme initiated by UPA-I. But the slowing of capital formation was not a feature then,
and economic policy is meant to respond to a changing environment. In 2016-17, gross fixed capital formation in
the economy turned negative. This worrying development requires addressing. But having tied itself down to a
dogmatic policy stance, the government can do little. The centrepieces of this policy package are fiscal
consolidation and inflation targeting. This combination leaves no room to address concerns of growth. The
government’s response to suggestions that it respond to the situation is that it will not sidetrack fiscal consolidation.
Actually, no one is asking it to! It is possible to adhere to fiscal deficit targets while expanding public capital. You
do this by switching expenditure from consumption to investment.

1.Which of the following statement is true?

(i)During this period, for the first time in decades, manufacturing had not led the growth acceleration in the
economy.
(ii) Manufacturing was to be the key and “Make in India” the government’s programme to actualise it.
(iii) “Make in India” is eminently sensible of itself.

A. (i) and (iii) B. Only (ii) C. Only (iii)

D. (ii) and (iii) E. Only (i)

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2. How much had annual growth of manufacturing exceeded?
A. 12% B. 10% C. 15%
D. 18% E. 20%

3. Why the growth of demand in India is slow?

A. Due to the corruption. B. Due to the agriculture performance.
C. Due to the demonetisation. D. Due to the economic cycle.
E. Due to the weather cycle.

4. Which of the following statement is true?

A. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an agriculture, has not been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-friendly orientation.
B. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-friendly orientation.
C. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-unfriendly orientation.
D. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has not been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-friendly orientation.
E. Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has not been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-unfriendly orientation.

5. Two of the past three years have been years of very poor agricultural GDP growth,
A. with the figure actually positive in 2014-15
B. with the figure actually negative in 2014-15
C. with the figure actually positive in 2015-16
D. with the figure actually positive in 2013-14
E. with the figure actually negative in 2015-16

6. The centrepieces of this policy package is/are:

(i) Fiscal consolidation
(ii) Macroeconomic policy
(iii) Inflation targeting

A. (i) and (iii) B. Only (i) C. Only (iii)

D. (ii) and (iii) E. Only (ii)

7. Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Prudent
A. Reasonable B. Vigilant C. Wise
D. Sound E. Careless

8. Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Exaggerated
A. Actual B. overstated C. Sensible
D. Minimized E. Reasonable

Answers With Explanation:

1. Solution: According to the passage the true statements are:

(ii) Manufacturing was to be the key and “Make in India” the government’s programme to actualise it
(iii) “Make in India” is eminently sensible of itself.
2. Solution:
In most of these years, annual growth of manufacturing had exceeded 10%, which has not been matched since.
3. Solution:
It is clear that some part of the slow growth of demand in India is beyond the grasp of government due to the
weather cycle.
4. Solution:
The true statement is:
Private investment, seen as the bellwether of an economy, has not been forthcoming despite this government’s
business-friendly orientation.

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5. Solution:
Two of the past three years have been years of very poor agricultural GDP growth, with the figure actually negative
in 2014-15.

6. Solution:
The centrepieces of this policy package are fiscal consolidation and inflation targeting.

7. Solution:
Prudent means sensible in action and thought.

8. Solution:
Exaggerated means enlarged to an abnormal degree

PASSAGE- II

Direction : - (Question Nos. 9 - 23)

Management is a set of processes that can keep a complicated system of people and technology running smoothly.
The most central characteristics of management include scheduling, accounting, organizing, staffing, controlling,
and problem-solving. Leadership is a set of process that generates organisations in the first place or acclimatizes
them to expressively changing situations. Leadership outlines what the impending should look like, bring into line
people with that vision, and inspires them to make it happen despite the obstacles. This distinction is absolutely
crucial for our purposes here: Successful transformation is 70 to 90 per cent leadership and only 10 to 30 per cent
management. Yet for historic motives, numerous organisations today don‘t have much headship. And almost
everyone thinks about the problems here as one of managing change. For most of this century, as we created
thousands and thousands of large organizations for the first time in human history, we didn‘t have enough good
managers to keep all those bureaucracies functioning. Thus many companies and academies developed
management programmes, and hundreds and thousands of people were stimulated to learn managing on the job.
And they did. But, people were taught little about leadership. To some degree, management was emphasized
because it‘s easier to teach than leadership. But even more so, supervision was the chief item on the twentieth-
century outline because that‘s what was needed. For every entrepreneur or business builder who was a leader, we
needed hundreds of managers to run their ever growing enterprises. Regrettably, for us today, this importance on
management has often been longstanding in corporate cultures that dishearten workers from learning how to lead.
Ironically, past success is usually the key ingredient in producing this outcome. The condition, as I have perceived
it on many cases, goes like this: victory creates some degree of market supremacy, which in turn produces much
progress. After a while keeping the ever larger organizations under control becomes the primary challenge. So
attention turns inward, and managerial competencies are nurtured. With a robust importance on supervision but not
on headship, administration and an inward focus take over. But with continued success, the result mostly of market
dominance, the problem often goes unaddressed and an unhealthy arrogance begins to evolve. All of these features
then make any renovation struggle much more problematic. Arrogant managers can over evaluate their current
performance and competitive position, listen poorly, and learn slowly. Inwardly focused employees can have
difficulty seeing the very forces that present threats and opportunities. Bureaucratic cultures an smother those who
want to respond to shifting conditions. And the lack of leadership leaves no fore inside these organizations to break
out of the morass.

9.Why, according to the author, is a distinction between management and leadership crucial?
(a)Leaders are reactive whereas managers are proactive.
(b) Organizations are facing problems of not getting good managers.
(c) Organizations are pursuing the strategy of status quo.
(d) In today‘s context, organizations need leaders much more than managers in transforming them.
(e) None of these

10. Why did companies and universities develop programmes to prepare managers in such a large number?
(a)Companies and universities sought to produce funds through these programmes.
(b) A large number of organizations were created and they needed managers in good number.
(c) Organizations did not want spend their scarce resources in training managers.
(d) Organizations wanted to create communication network through trained managers.
(e) None of these

11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
(a)Bureaucratic culture can smother those who want to respond to changing conditions.
(b) Leadership produces change and has the potential to establish direction.
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(c) Pressure on managers comes mostly from within.
(d) Leadership centers on carrying out important functions such as planning and problem-solving.
(e) Managers believe that they are the best and that their idiosyncratic traditions are superior.

12. Which of the following is not the characteristic of bureaucratic culture?

(a)Managers listen poorly and learn slowly.
(b) Managerial competencies are nurtured.
(c) Employees clearly see the forces that present threats and opportunities.
(d) Prevalence of unhealthy arrogance.
(e) Managers tend to stifle initiative and innovation.

13. Which of the following is SIMILAR in meaning to the word SMOTHER as used in the passage?
(a)suppress (b) encourage (c) instigate
(d) criticize (e) attack

14. How has the author defined management?

(a)It is the process of adapting organizations to changing circumstances.
(b) It is the system of aligning people with the direction it has taken.
(c) It refers to creating a vision to help direct the change effort.
(d) Creating better performance through customer orientation.
(e) None of these

15. Management education was emphasized in the management programmes because

(a)Establishing direction was the main focus of organizations
(b) Motivating employees was thought to be done by managers
(c) Tactics for creating change was the focus of establishments
(d) Organizations wanted to create powerful guiding coalition
(e) management was the main item of agenda in organizations

16. What is the historical reason for many organizations not having leadership?
(a)A view that leaders are born, they are not made
(b) Leaders lack managerial skills and organizations need managers
(c) Leaders are weak in carrying out traditional functions of management
(d) Leaders allow too much complacency in organizations
(e) None of these

17. In the passage, management is equated with

(a)Organization (b) Leadership (c) Organizational vision
(d) Bureaucracy (e) Managerial training

18. Why does the attention of large organizations turn inward?

(a)Their managers become arrogant.
(b) They have to keep themselves under control.
(c) Their success creates market dominance.
(d) None of these

19. Which of the following is SIMILAR in meaning of the word NURTURED as used in the passage?
(a) created (b) developed (c) thwarted
(d) surfaced (e) halted

20.What, according to the author, is leadership?

(a)Process which keeps the system of people and technology running smoothly
(b) Planning the future and budgeting resources of the organization
(c) Inspiring people to realize the vision
(d) Carrying out the crucial functions of management
(e) None of these

21. Which of the following characteristics helps organizations in their transformation efforts?
(a)Emphasis on leadership but not on management
(b) A strong and dogmatic culture
(c) Bureaucratic and inward-looking approach
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(d) Failing to acknowledge the value of customers and shareholders
(e) None of these

22. Why were people taught little about leadership in management programmes?
(a)Teachers were busy in understanding the phenomenon of leadership.
(b) Enough study material was not available to facilitate teaching of leadership.
(c) Focus of these programmes was on developing managers.
(d) Leadership was considered only a political phenomenon.
(e) None of these

23. Which of the following statement is/are definitely true in the context of the passage?
(A)Bureaucracy fosters strong and arrogant culture.
(B) Leadership competencies are nurtured in large-size organizations.
(C) Successful transformation in organizations is 70 to 90 per cent leadership.
(a) Only A and B (b) Only A and C (c) Only B and C
(d) Only B (e) Only C

PASSAGE- III

Direction : - (Question Nos. 24 - 33)

India is the world’s most populous democracy and will, by 2030, be the most populous country, overtaking China.
And it is young — there are more Indian 10-year-olds than there are Australians.
With more than a dozen distinct languages, scripts and religions, India is multiculturalism on the grandest scale.
And to sustain a vibrant modern democracy, surely India is one of the greatest political achievements of our times.

Once you appreciate its size, you see its potential. Think of all those 10-year-olds who will one day be voting in
India’s elections and who will also, one day, belong to India’s middle class, the engine of its booming economy.Put
all that together and it’s easy to understand why India will play a central role in our region and the world and, I
hope for Australians, it is easier to see why the relationship between our two countries has never been more
important.
That formal relationship began for many Australians in 1950, when Robert Menzies became the first Australian
leader to visit independent India. Since then, both countries have been transformed. Now we must turn our attention
to transforming the relationship to one that matches India’s huge needs and its enormous potential with our people,
Australia’s best assets, as well as our resources and our shared democratic traditions.
I am delighted to be taking up Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s invitation to make my first official visit to India as
Prime Minister, from April 9-12.
Three focus areas
During the visit we will focus on three areas of our relationship that show great potential: our economic, knowledge
and strategic partnerships.
India is inspiring the world with its explosive economic growth. Its economic take-off is lifting millions out of
poverty, transforming the country into the world’s fastest-growing major economy, with forecasted growth of 7.5%
in 2017. This is a stunning result for India, and a rare opportunity for Australia. From Mumbai to Melbourne, from
Bengaluru to Brisbane, India will be in the market to buy some of the best things Australia has to offer.
Two-way trade is growing, and approaching $20 billion, but that’s far too low and there’s so much more we can do.
This will be a key focus of my visit. I’ll meet with executives from some of India’s biggest companies, and speak
with Australian entrepreneurs in India who are expanding their market reach into this extraordinary country.
The Government will announce the results of the tenth round of the Australia-India Strategic Research Fund. Worth
more than $100 million, this initiative has enabled our sharpest minds to collaborate in areas such as food security
and health, and advance the boundaries of human knowledge in quantum computing, nanotechnology and
astronomy. By combining our talents, we can add to the technological achievements already made in both our
countries.
As an education destination
For decades our citizens have been criss-crossing the Indian Ocean in search of knowledge. Last year, Australia
was the second-most popular study destination for Indian students — 60,000 came to Australia to learn. Through
the Government’s New Colombo Plan, I want to see more and more young Australians choosing India as a place to
study and boost their own qualifications and experience. India’s demand for our minerals and resources remains
high. But education is a new pathway to shared prosperity. Consider the numbers — the Indian Government is
aiming to train 400 million people by 2022. We can help them achieve this goal.
A great strength of our education relationship is found in the higher education and research sector. Collaboration
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between our institutes on high-end research, innovation, science and technology are central to developing our
knowledge partnership.Having met twice already, Mr. Modi and I know that our close economic cooperation is also
matched by shared strategic priorities.
The security and stability of the Indo-Pacific is fundamental to both of us and my visit provides an opportunity to
discuss key regional and geostrategic issues and strengthen our engagement. As liberal democracies, we can work
together to encourage free trade and prosperity and to help safeguard security and the rule of law in our region.
The Indian link
At home, we are lucky that India — its culture, its art, its food, its people — has become such a large and important
part of Australian life. Half a million Australians are of Indian descent. That number increases each year. Whether
it’s Little India in Melbourne, Diwali celebrations in Brisbane, or the long-established Sikh community on the
North Coast of New South Wales, modern Australia, the most successful multicultural society in the world, could
not be imagined without the contribution of Indian-Australians.
(Source: The Hindu)

24. According to the given passage, which of the following statements regarding 'Robert Menzies ' is correct?
(a) He is the current Prime Minister of Australia.
(b) He was the first Australian leader to visit independent India.
(c) He is the current Defence Minister of Australia.
(d) He was the first Anglo-Indian leader to visit Australia in 1950.

25. Consider the following statements regarding 'India' as described by the writer
I. India will be the most populous country by 2030.
II. India is one of the greatest political achievements of the world.
III. Currently, India is the biggest defence partner of Australia.

26.Which of the above statements given above is/are correct?

(a) I and II only (b) II and III only
(c) I and III only (d) All are Correct

27. The writer of the above passage is visiting India on the invitation of
(a) CM of Maharashtra (b) Vice-President
(c) President (d) Prime Minister

28. Currently, the two way trade between India and Australia is
(a) $ 100 Million (b) $ 20 Billion
(c) $ 100 Billion (d) $ 200 Million

29. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Australia in context with India?
(a) Last year, Australia was the second-most popular study destination for Indian students.
(b) Half a million Australians are of Indian Origin
(c) Last year, Australia was the most popular study destination for Indian students
(d) Both (a) and (b)

30. Choose the word/words which is Most Similar to the word printed in bold in the passage.
Booming
(a) Failing (b) Growing (c) Profitable (d) Thunderous

31. Choose the word/words which is Most Similar to the word printed in bold in the passage.
Vibrant
(a) Spirited (b) Pale (c) Sluggish (d) Zippy

32. Choose the word which is Most Opposite to the word printed in bold in the passage.
Delighted
(a) Captivated (b) Entranced (c) Ecstatic (d) Melancholy

33. Choose the word which is Most Opposite to the word printed in bold in the passage.
Descent
(a) Plunge (b) Droop (c) Ascent (d) Swoop

PASSAGE- IV
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Direction : - (Question Nos. 34 - 43)
Today, Comprehensionrize to its credit, Grameen is one of the largest microfinance organizations in the world. It
started out providing small sums to underprivileged tycoons in Bangladesh to help them grow from a survival
living to a livelihood. The great discovery its founders made was that even with few assets, these entrepreneurs
repaid on time. Grameen and microfinance have since become financial staples of the developing world. It‘s
approach, distinct from other microfinance, uses the group lending model. Costs are kept down by having
borrowers vet one another, tying together their financial fates and eliminating expensive loan officers entirely. The
ultimate promise of Grameen I to use business lending as a way for people to lift themselves out of poverty.
Recently, Grameen has taken on a different challenge by setting up operations in the US .money may be tight in the
waning recession, but it is still a nation 1,00,000 bank branches. Globally, the occupied microfinance equation
consists of borrowing reserves economically and keeping loan evasions and overhead expenses adequately low.
Microlenders, including Grameen, do this by charging colossal interest rates as high as 60% or 70%-which is
necessary to compensate for the risk and attract bank funding, but loans rates much above the standard 15% would
most likely be attacked as usurious in America. So, the question is whether there is a role for a Third World leader
in the world‘s largest economy. Grameen America believes that in a few years it will be successful and turn a
profit, thanks to 9 million US households untouched by mainstream banks and 21 million using the likes of payday
loans and pawn shops for financing. But enticing the unbanked won‘t be easy. after all, profit has long eluded US
microfinanciers and if it is not lucrative, it is not microlending, but charity. when Grameen first went to the US, in
the late 1980s, it tripped up. Under Grameen‘s tutelage, banks started microloans to entrepreneurs with a shocking
30% loss. But Grameen America says that this time results will be making loans, not training an American bank to
do it. More often than not, the borrowers, Grameen finds, in the US already have jobs(as factory workers for
example) or side business-selling toys, cleaning houses etc. the loans from Grameen, by and large, provided a
steadier source of funding, but they don‘t create businesses out of nothing. But money isn‘t everything. More
importantly for many entrepreneurs, group members are tremendous sources of support to one another.

34.What has adversely affected the success of microfinance institutions in the US?
(a) The focus of these institutions is on making a profit at any cost instead of being charitable to the needy
(b) American banks engaged in microlending were the most severely hit during the recession
(c) A widespread perception is better suited to developing countries
(d) Their failure to attract those outside the formal banking system as customers
(e) American‘s are too proud to accept aid from Third World Countries

35. Why was Grameen made a second attempt to launch itself in the US?
(a) The willingness of US banks to provide the necessary staff and funds to facilitate the spread of microfinance
(b) The rates of interest on loans in the US are exorbitant, making it easier to recover capital.
(c) The realization that a large percentage of the American population not reached by mainstream banks can be
tapped
(d) Recognition of the fact that disbursing credit in developing countries during the recession is too risky
(e) None of these

36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) Microfinance has been effective only in Asian nations
(b) Microfinance makes individual borrowers dependent rather than independent
(c) America has the largest number of banks in the world
(d) There is scope for microfinance institutions to be profitable in developed countries
(e) There are no informal sources of credit in developed countries

37. According to the author, what has enhanced the likelihood of success for Grameen America at present?
(a) Its success in Bangladesh and other developing countries
(b) Absence of other microfinance institutions for competition
(c) The fact that America is currently in the midst of a recession
(d) It provides loans at nominal rates of interest ie below 15 percent
(e) None of these

38. Which of the following can be said about Grameen?

(A)Its success in developing countries will ensure its success in developed countries
(B) It guarantees that the unfortunate in developing countries enjoy a survival standard of living
(C) It has demonstrated that the poor are far more likely to repay loans than the affluent
(a) None (b) Only (A) (c) Only (A) and (C)
(d) Only (B) (e) Only (C)
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39. What is the central theme of the passage?
(a) The conventional that Grameen is doomed to fail in developed countries
(b) A comprehensive evaluation of the current status of the American economy
(c) A brief discussion about the forecasts of Grameen and microfinance in the US.
(d) The role of banks in facilitating micro-lending efforts in developed nations
(e) Microfinance efforts are useful in developing countries but are futile in developed ones.

40. Why was Grameen America‘s initial US initiative of a flop?

(A) Shortage of correct training to Grameen American staffs.
(B) Grameen‘s refusal to adapt their system to meet the needs of the American poor.
(C) It ended up giving loans at half their customary rates of interest
(a) None (b) only (A) (c) Only (A) and (C)
(d) Only (B) (e) Only (C)

41.Which of the following is a benefit of the Grameen system of microfinance?

(a) If a single member is unable to repay a loan, other group members will repay
(b) Dispensing with the expense of technology networks to monitor advances
(c) It utilizes the vast bank network already existing in a country
(d) Group members can sanction loans and verify if borrowers have sufficient collateral
(e) Backing that borrowers receive from other group members

42. Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word ―ELUDED‖ as used in the passage?
(a)Avoided (b) Duped (c) Abandoned
(d) intangible (e) Betrayed

43. Which of the following is most opposite in meaning to the word ―COLOSSAL‖ as used in the passage?
(a) short (b) Lavish (c) Minority
(d) Frugal (e) Insignificant

PASSAGE- V

Direction : - (Question Nos. 44 - 46)

Mahatma Gandhi believed that industrialisation was no answer to the problems that plague the mass of
India’s be self sufficient in food, weave their own cloth from cotton and eschew the glittering prizes that the
twentieth century so temptingly offers. Such as idyllic and rural paradise did not appear to those who inherited the
reins of political power.

44. The meaning of the glittering prizes that the twentieth century so temptingly offers is
(A) complete removal of property
(B) absence of violence and corruption
(C) replacement of rural by urban interests
(D) pursuit of a commercialized material culture

45.The basis of an idyllic and rural paradise is

(A) bringing to the villages the glittering prizes of the twentieth century
(B) rapid industralisation of villages
(C) supporting those holding powerful political positions
(D) self-sufficiency in food and clothes and simplicity of life style

46. Mahatma Gandhi's views opposed industrialisation of villages because

(A) it would help the poor and not the rich
(B) it would affect the culture of the Indians
(C) it would undermine self sufficiency and destroy the beauty of life of the villager
(D) it would take away the skill of the villagers

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 PASSAGE- VI
Direction : - (Question Nos. 47 - 54)

The other day, a student asked me what exactly the word ‘liberal’ mean. She wanted to know whether
‘liberalisation’ promotes ‘liberal’ values. She had noticed that institutions of higher education, which are supposed
to promote liberal values, were finding it difficult to resist ideological and commercial pressures education, which
are supposed to promote liberal values, were finding it difficult to resist ideological and commercial
pressures triggered by the process of economic liberalisation. So, was economic liberalism different from political
liberalism? And what do people mean when they refer to neo-liberal policies? The questions she was asking could
hardly be addressed without invoking the political economy that has emerged over the last three decades.

When liberalisation of the economy started to receive common consent in the mid-1980s, few people thought of
examining what it would mean for education. Then, in 1991 came the dramatic announcement of a new economic
policy, accompanied by a package of steps to be taken for ‘structural adjustment’ of the Indian economy. The
purpose of ‘adjustment’ was to facilitate India’s integration into the global economy. Even then, education didn’t
receive specific attention. Some critics of the new economic policy expressed anxiety about the consequences of
state withdrawal from its prime role and responsibility in sectors like education and health. The national policy on
education drafted in 1986 had mostly adhered to the established state-centric view. A major review in the early
1990s vaguely resonated the new discourse of liberalisation, but offered little evidence of change in the basic
perspective. The Programme of Action, announced in 1992, stopped short of admitting that the state’s role in
education was about to change. Nobody could imagine at that point that over the following decades, the state’s role
in education would change so much that the Constitution would begin to sound like rhetoric.
In order to examine what happened, we must make a distinction between school and higher education. When Prime
Minister P.V. NarasimhaRao spoke about liberalisation as the central theme of the new economic policy, he also
referred to the ‘structural adjustment programme’. Under this programme, the World Bank offered a ‘safety net’ for
primary education. It meant additional resources and policy guidance to enable the system to expand its capacity
for enrolling children. The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), which later mutated into
SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA), symbolised the ‘safety net’ approach. It was designed to cushion the harsh effects
that ‘structural adjustment’ under liberalisation was expected to cause in welfare sectors like children’s education
and health. The DPEP and SSA efficiently served this role, creating an ethos in which children’s education seemed
to have become a major priority of the state. The success of these programmes emboldened the government to push
the Right to Education (RTE) law through Parliament. Governments of many States registered their anxiety over
their capacity to fund the implementation of RTE after the Central assistance provided under SSA runs dry.
In higher education, the new economic policy designed on the principles of liberalisation offered no safety net.
From the beginning, the assumption was that higher education ought to generate its own resources. An
accompanying idea was that higher education should respond to market demands in terms of knowledge and skills.
Over the last three decades, these two guiding ideas have dented the established system of higher education in all
parts of the country. Both Central and State universities have been starved of financial resources. Cutting down on
permanent staff, both teaching and non-teaching, has emerged as the best strategy to cope with financial crunch. A
complex set of outcomes, specific to different universities, makes any general analysis difficult. In some, self-
financed courses, mostly vocational in nature, have provided a means of income. In others, such courses have been
resisted by teacher unions. However, these unions have gradually lost their power and say because they are broken
from within.

47. Which of the following offered a safety net for primary education?
A. Government of India
B. World economic forum
C. World bank
D. The District Primary Education Programe (DPEP)
E. None of these

48. Which of the following statement is/are true according to the passage?
i. The purpose of ‘adjustment’ was to facilitate India’s integration into the global economy.
ii. It was designed to cushion the harsh effects that ‘structural adjustment’ under liberalization was not expected to
cause in welfare sectors like children’s education and health.
iii. The national policy on education drafted in 1986 had mostly adhered to the established state-centric view.

A. Only I B. Only i and iii C. Only iii

D. Only ii E. All i, ii, iii

49. What was the central theme of new economic policy according to the given passage?
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A. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
B. Education and health.
C. New economic policy
D. Right to Education (RTE)
E. Liberalization

50. Which two guiding ideas have dented the established system of higher education in the country?
A. The DPEP and SSA should serve their role efficiently
B. Higher education should respond to market demands in terms of knowledge and skills.
C. Cutting down on permanent staff, both teaching and non-teaching
D. Additional resources and policy guidance to enable the system to expand its capacity
E. None of these

51. Which of the following statement is not true according to the passage?
i. The questions she was asking could hardly be addressed without invoking the political economy that has emerged
over the last three decades.
ii. Some critics of the new economic policy expressed anxiety about the consequences of state withdrawal from its
prime role and responsibility in sectors like education and health.
iii. In 1991 came the dramatic announcement of a new economic policy, accompanied by a package of steps to be
taken for ‘structural adjustment’ of the Indian education.
iv. All are true.

A. Only I B. Only i and iii C. Only iii

D. Only ii E. All i, ii, iii

52. Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Triggered
(i) Started
(ii) Stooped
(iii) Arrested

A. Only (i) B. Only (ii) C. Only (iii)

D. (ii) and (iii) E. (i), (ii) and (iii)

53. Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Liberal
(i)Kind
(ii) Generous
(ii) Narrow-minded
A. Only (i) B. Only (iii) C. (i) and (ii)
D. (i) and (iii) E. (i), (ii) and (iii)

54. Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Rhetoric
(i) Mis pronouncement
(ii) Oratory
(iii) Silent
A. Only (i) B. (i) and (iii) C. Only (iii)
D. (ii) and (iii) E. Only (iii)

Answer Key

1.A 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.E 8.B 9.D 10.B
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.E 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.C
21.E 22.C 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.D 30.B
31.A 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.C 36.C 37.E 38.A 39.C 40.B
41.E 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.D 46.C 47.C 48.B 49.E 50.B
51.C 52.A 53.C 54.B

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 Practice Exercise

Directions (1-5): In this section, you have one short passage. After this passage, you will find several questions
based on the passage. First, read Passage, and answer the questions based on it.
Our home stood behind the railroad tracks. Its skimpy yard was paved with black cinders. The only touch of green
we could see was far away, beyond the tracks over where the white folks lived. But cinders were fine weapons. All
you had to do was crouch behind the brick pillars of a house with your hands full of gritty ammunition, and the first
wooly black head you saw from behind another row of pillars was your target. It was fun. One day, the gang to
which I belonged found itself engaged in a war with the white boys who lived beyond the tracks. As usual, we laid
down our cinder barrage thinking this would wipe the white boys out. But they replied with a steady bombardment
of broken bottles. We retreated. During the retreat, a broken milk bottle caught me behind the ear, opening a deep
gash. The sight of blood pouring over my face completely demoralized our ranks. My fellow combatants left me
standing paralyzed in the center of the yard and scurried for their houses. A kind neighbor saw me and rushed me to
a doctor.( For SSC CGL Tier-II 2017 )
1. The locality, where the author lived, was
a) behind a brick quarry b) near a coal mine
c) far away from where the whites lived d) close to where the whites lived

2. The author used the cinders for

a) harassing the white boys b) cooking his food
c) building houses d) laying them on the railroads

3. The weapons used by the whites in the gang fight were

a) as effective as the author’s b) less effective than the author’s
c) more dangerous than the author’s d) as harmless as the author’s

4. The author was hit by a broken bottle

a) as soon as the fight began b) during a lull in the fight
c) after the fight was over d) when the author’s gang was withdrawing

5. At the sight of the author’s bloody wound, his friends

a) were terrified b) were filled with shame
c) grew very angry d) felt depressed and defeated

Directions (6-10): In this section, you have one short passage. After this passage, you will find several questions
based on the passage. First, read Passage, and answer the questions based on it.
In the highest sense, religion is an intensely individual issue. But there is a national question also. We must hold
together, and we cannot hold together only on the strength of police regulations. An internal regulator of conduct is
absolutely necessary. Will men be good and wise without the aid of religion? As modern life has multiplied desires
without the corrective of a sense of spiritual values, knowledge of modern science does not reduce either greed or
lust. Indeed, it has nothing to do with these criminal disturbances of the mind. On the contrary, it finds fresh tools
for greater indulgence in all forms of greed, lust, and anger. It is true that a sense of shame by itself often prevents
overt misconduct. But it does not go to the root of the mischief; it does not stop undesirable mental activities. The
only thing that can prevent or restrain these evils is the religious sense.

6. According to the author, religion is essentially a

a) personal matter b) the matter having national relevance
c) the body of rules and regulations d) the sacrifice of worldly desires

7. The statement “we must hold together” means that we should

a) be politically united b) work together
c) be spiritually united d) keep up our nation’s prestige

8. The author thinks that in the modern times

a) the police have grown very powerful b) people’s needs have increased
c) politicians have become corrupt d) we are practicing several faiths

9. The worst thing about modern science is that it has

a) produced dangerous weapons b) spread new superstitions

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c) contributed to the decline of our values d) discredited all religions

10. The author holds that the perfect remedy for man’s evil propensities is a
a) the sense of shame b) religious sense
c) the combination of a sense of shame and religion d) the sense of good conduct

Directions (11-15): In this section, you have one short passage. After this passage, you will find several questions
based on the passage. First, read Passage, and answer the questions based on it.
I was lying on a ridge scanning, with field glasses, a rock cliff opposite me for tahr, the most sure footed of all
Himalayan goats. On a ledge halfway up the cliff, a tahr and her kid were lying asleep. Then, the tahr got to her
feet, stretched herself, and the kid immediately began to feed. After a minute the mother freed herself, took a few
steps along the ledge, poised for a moment, then jumped down on to another but a narrower ledge some twelve to
fifteen feet below her. As soon as it was left alone the kid started running backward and forwards, stopping every
now and then to peer down at its mother, but unable to summon the courage to jump down to her, for below the
narrow ledge was a sheer drop of a thousand feet. I was too far away to hear whether the mother was encouraging
her young, but from the way her head was turned, I believe she was doing so. The kid was getting more and more
agitated and, possibly fearing that it would do something foolish, the mother went to what looked like a mere crack
in the vertical rock face and, climbing it, rejoined her young. Immediately on doing so she lay down, presumably to
prevent the kid from feeding.
After a while, she got to her feet again, allowed the kid to drink for a minute, poised carefully on the brink, and
jumped down while the kid again ran backward and forwards above her. Seven times in the course of the next half-
hour this procedure was repeated until finally the kid, abandoning itself to its face, jumped, and landing safely
beside its mother was rewarded by being allowed to drink its fill. The lesson for her young, that it was safe to
follow where she led, was over for that day.

11. Which of the following excerpts from the passage best bears out the description of the tahr as a sure-footed
mountain goat?
a) “Seven times in the course of the next half-hour this procedure was repeated.”
b) “The lesson for her young __________ was over for that day.”
c) “__________ the mother went to what looked like a mere crack in the vertical rock face __________ rejoined
her young.”
d) “I was too far away to hear whether the mother was encouraging her young __________ I believe
she was doing so.”

12. The mother goat feared that the kid “would do something foolish” like
a) drink more than its share of milk b) throw itself off the cliff
c) follow her down the vertical rock face d) continue to pace up and down indefinitely

13. Which of the following phrases can replace “abandoning itself to its fate”, used in the second paragraph?
a) Making the most of the situation b) Taking the bull by the horns
c) Facing the music d) Accepting consequences

14. One way in which the kid was encouraged to follow its mother was by
a) not being allowed to have its fill of milk until it had jumped
b) running backward and forwards on the ledge before it jumped
c) getting very agitated before it jumped
d) being rejoined by its mother several times

15. The mother goat taught her kid the lesson through
a) agility and sure-footedness b) severity and punishment
c) patience and perseverance d) praise and reward

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 16-30) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain
words/ phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

When times are hard, doomsayers are aplenty. The problem is that if you listen to them too carefully, you tend to
overlook the most obvious signs of change. 2011 was a bad year. Can 2012 be any worse? Doomsday forecasts are
the easiest to make these days. So let's try a contrarian's forecast instead. Let's start with the global economy. We
have seen a steady flow of good news from the US. The employment situation seems to be improving rapidly and
consumer sentiment, reflected in retail expenditures on discretionary items like electronics and clothes, has picked
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up. If these trends sustain, the US might post better growth numbers for 2012 than the 1.5-1.8 percent being
forecast currently. Japan is likely to pull out of a recession in 2012 as postearthquake reconstruction efforts gather
momentum and the fiscal stimulus announced in 2011 begins to pay off. The consensus estimate for growth in
Japan is a respectable 2 per cent for 2012. The "hard-landing" scenario for China remains and will remain a myth.
Growth might decelerate further from the 9 per cent that it expected to clock in 2011 but is unlikely to drop below
8-8.5 percent in 2012. Europe is certainly in a spot of trouble. It is perhaps already in recession and for 2012 it is
likely to post mildly negative growth. The risk of implosion has dwindled over the last few months - peripheral
economies like Greece, Italy and Spain have new governments in place and have made progress towards genuine
economic reform. Even with some of these positive factors in place, we have to accept the fact that global growth
in 2012 will be tepid. But there is a flipside to this. Softer growth means lower demand for commodities and this is
likely to drive a correction in commodity prices. Lower commodity inflation will enable emerging market central
banks to reverse their monetary stance. China, for instance, has already reversed its stance and has pared its reserve
ratio twice. The RBI also seems poised for a reversal in its rate cycle as headline inflation seems well on its way to
its target of 7 per cent for March 2012. That said, oil might be an exception to the general trend in commodities.
Rising geopolitical tensions, particularly the continuing face-off between Iran and the US, might lead to a spurt in
prices. It might make sense for our oil companies to hedge this risk instead of buying oil in the spot market. As
inflation fears abate and emerging market central banks begin to cut rates, two things could happen Lower
commodity inflation would mean lower interest rates and better credit availability. This could set a floor to growth
and slowly reverse the business cycle within these economies. Second, as the fear of untamed, runaway inflation in
these economies abates, the global investor's comfort levels with their markets will increase. Which of the
emerging markets will outperform and who will get left behind? In an environment in which global growth is likely
to be weak, economies like India that have a powerful domestic consumption dynamic should lead; those
dependent on exports should, prima facie, fall behind. Specifically for India, a fall in the exchange rate could not
have come at a better time. It will help Indian exporters gain market share even it global trade remains depressed.
More importantly, it could lead to massive import substitution that favours domestic producers. Let's now focus on
India and start with a caveat. It is important not to confuse a short-run cyclical dip with a permanent de-rating of its
long-term structural potential. The arithmetic is simple. Our growth rate can be in the range of 7-10 per cent
depending on policy action. Ten per cent if we get everything right, 7 per cent if we get it all wrong. Which
policies and reforms are critical to taking us to our 10 per cent potential ? In judging this, let's again be careful. Lets
not go by the laundry list of reforms that FIIs like to wave: increase in foreign equity limits in foreign shareholding,
greater voting rights tor institutional shareholders in banks, FDI in retail, etc. These can have an impact only at the
margin. We need not bend over backwards to appease the FIIs through these reforms - they will invest in our
markets when momentum picks up and will be the first to exit when the momentum flags, reforms or not. The
reforms that we need are the ones that can actually raise out. Sustainable long-term growth rate. These have to
come in areas like better targeting of subsidies, making projects in infrastructure viable so that they draw capital,
raising the productivity of agriculture, improving healthcare and education, bringing the parallel economy under the
tax net, implementing fundamental reforms in taxation like GST and the direct tax code and finally easing the
myriad rules andregulations that make doing business in India such a nightmare. A number of these things do not
require new legislation and can be done through executive order. (IBPS PO Exam Paper - 2012)

16. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage ?

a) China's economic growth may decline in the year 2012 as compared to the year 2011
b) The European economy is not doing very well
c) Greece is on the verge of bringing about economic reforms
d) In the year 2012, Japan may post a positive growth and thus pull out of recession
e) All are true

17. Which of the following will possibly be a result of softer growth estimated for the year 2012 ?
(A) Prices of oil will not increase.
(B) Credit availability would be lesser.
(C) Commodity inflation would be lesser.
a) Only (B) b) Only (A) and (B) c) Only (A) and (C)
d) Only (C) e) All (A), (B) and (C)

18 Which of the following can be said about the present status of the US economy ?
a) There is not much improvement in the economic scenario of the country from the year 2011
b) The growth in the economy of the country, in the year 2012, would definitely be lesser than 1.8 percent
c) The expenditure on clothes and electronic commodities, by consumers, is lesser than that in the year 2011
d) There is a chance that in 2012 the economy would do better than what has been forecast
e) The pace of change in the employment scenario of the country is very slow.

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19. Which of the following is possibly the most appropriate title for the passage ?
a) The Economic Disorder b) Indian Economy Versus The European Economy
c) Global Trade d) The Current Economic Scenario
e) Characteristics of The Indian Economy

20. According to the author, which of the following would characterize Indian growth scenario in 2012 ?
(A) Domestic producers will take a hit because of depressed global trade scenario.
(B) On account of its high domestic consumption, India will lead.
(C) Indian exporters will have a hard time in gaining market share.
a) Only (B) b) Only (A) and (B) c) Only (B) and (C)
d) Only (A) e) All (A), (B) and (C)

21. Why does the author not recommend taking up the reforms suggested by FII's ?
a) These will bring about only minor growth
b) The reforms suggested will have no effect on the economy ol our country, whereas will benefit the FII's
significantly
c) The previous such recommendations had backfired
d) These reforms will be the sole reason for our country's economic downfall
e) The reforms suggested by them are not to be trusted as they will not bring about any positive growth in India

22. Which of the following is TRUE as per the scenario presented in the passage?
a) The highest growth rate that India can expect is 7 percent
b) The fall in the exchange rate will prove beneficial to India
c) Increased FDI in retail as suggested by Flls would benefit India tremendously
d) The reforms suggested by the author require new legislation in India
e) None is true

23. According to the author, which ot the following reform/s is/ are needed to ensure long term growth in India?
(A) Improving healthcare and educational facilities.
(B) Bringing about reforms in taxation.
(C) Improving agricultural productivity.
a) Only (B) b) Only (A) and (B) c) Only (B) and (C)
d) Only (A) e) All (A), (B) and (C)

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 24-27) : Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group
of words printed in bold as used in the passage.
24. DRAW
a) entice b) push c) decoy d) attract e) persuade

25. CLOCK
a) watch b) achieve c) time d) second e) regulate

26. ABATE
a) rise b) gear c) hurl d) lessen e) retreat

27. EMERGING
a) raising b) developing c) noticeable d) conspicuous e) uproaring

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 28-30) : Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite in meaning to the word/group
of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

28. MYRIAD
a) trivial b) difficult c) few d) effortless e) countless

29. TEPID
a) moderate b) high c) warm d) irregular e) little

30. MYTH
a) reality b) belief c) contrast d) idealism e) falsehood

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Directions (31-40): Read the following passage, divided into number of paragraphs, carefully and answer the
questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the
questions. (IBPS PO Prelims 2021)

Paragraph 01: IT’S LIKE READING Dostoevsky on a bad summer day. There are so many tormented souls out
there caught in a morality play. Its emotional intensity is only matched by the inevitability of the questions it raises
about country, religion, power, and retribution. It’s big, shapeless, chaotic, and in the end, a rewarding experience
of the imagination. But then, you’re not reading the Great Russian. You’re living in, dare I say, a creative phase of
politics. Rich in ideas and arguments, intense in its interplay of passions, nuanced in its undertones of morality and
ethics, and ambitious in its pursuit of freedom, politics today, as a genre in creativity, is as good as the original
works in other realms of the human mind, be it fiction or philosophy.

Paragraph 02: A sign of the times could be the profusion of political titles in publishing. They are mostly built on
the themes of populism, outsider hood, globalisation and resentment. Hardly a week passes without a full-length
review in the Books pages on yet another tome on a world gone astray, a world that’s being led to an incendiary
denouement by revolutionaries and revisionists. The moment deserves such interventions because, by common
intellectual consensus, in the evolution of post-World War II politics, we are at the next history-shifting stage after
1989, Europe’s annus mirabilis.

Paragraph 03: Then, the stage was an extension of literature: what was imagined in a controlled society sought
freedom as the Lie unravelled. In the Russia once imagined by Gogol, and lately reclaimed by Solzhenitsyn, the
sight of the last general secretary of the Soviet Union letting the empire crack and go away needed another prophet,
another novelist. Elsewhere, in a vassal state, revolution earned an adjective as romantic as ‘velvet’, and in the
vanguard of its freedom struggle were writers and singers. In the end, the philosopher would be king. It was a time
when an idea that promised man an alternative more liberating than religion proved to be history’s biggest ghost
story.

Paragraph 04: Today, it’s the idea of freedom, as it has always been, that propels politics. It’s a different cast. No
figures larger than their historical size. No one is pretending to be the last arbiter of our destiny. And no one is
talking in a language that would be taught to generation after generation. The disappearance of grandeur from the
arena even prompted some pundits a while ago to wail over the death of politics. This moment in politics has an
overwhelming sense of ordinariness about it. The new salvation theologians are all ordinary guys, tapping into the
fears of people who have lost their balance in a world moving at a pace they cannot cope with. They can easily be
categorised into types.

Paragraph 05: ‘Outsider’ has already become a worn-out word, and most totemic outsiders are today insiders.
That’s what power does to usurpers. Still, the angry legions in affluent societies can still afford messiahs, and
there’s no sign that the people are getting less angry. The outsider, the undisputed protagonist of the political
drama, is born from the rotten remains of politics as usual. He is a rejoinder to the three big ‘E’s that cause
resentment: Establishment, Entrenchment and Entitlement. Where career politicians embody the status quo, the
outsider sells tomorrow, as revolutionaries had done before. There is a difference. In the earlier revolutionary texts,
the past is a country without glory, and invariably a horror story. In contrast, the outsider romances nostalgia, the
future is the past restored in glory. ‘Make America Great Again’ is the slogan that took Donald Trump to the White
House, and it is a sentiment in which the longing for a golden yesterday strengthens the struggle for a fantastic
tomorrow.

31. What does the author mean by the phrase “a creative phase of politics”?
(I) Politics today, as a genre in creativity, is as good as the original works in other realms of the human mind, be it
fiction or philosophy.
(II) Politics today, as on moral and creative ground, is big, shapeless, chaotic, and in the end, a rewarding
experience of the imagination.
(III) Politics today is rich in ideas and arguments, fervent in its interplay of passions and nuanced in its undertones
of morality and ethics.
a)Only (I) is correct b)Only (II) is correct c)Both (I) and (II) are correct
d)Both (I) and (III) are correct e)All are correct

32. Which of the following statements describe(s) the concept of “Outsider” in modern politics?
(I)The outsider in modern politics is considered to be the unequivocal protagonist of the political drama.
(II)The outsider is considered to be born from the rotten remnants of politics as most totemic outsiders are today
insiders.
(III) The outsider believes in cultural purity, and dreads cross- pollination.
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a) Only (I) is correct b)Only (III) is correct c)Both (I) and (II) are correct
d)Both (II) and (III) are correct e)All are correct

33. Which of the following themes determine the establishment of modern political titles?
(I)Populism and Resentment.
(II)Outsiderhood, Globalisation and Antagonism
(III)Contentment, Hostility and Communism
a)Only (I) is correct b)Only (II) is correct c)Both (I) and (II) are correct
d)Both (I) and (III) are correct e)All are correct

34. Which of the following statements summarizes the Paragraph 04 in the best possible manner?
a)Modern politics has evolved after the death of primeval politics and it finds no relevance from its classical glory
as the idea of freedom and the sense of ordinariness have substituted the core ideologies.
b)In an unequal world the old bipolarity of politics has ceased to work, for the Left and the Right have not only lost
the social space, they have lost the argument to a new set of liberators for whom it is not ideology that matters but
ideas that feed on resentment.
c)The importance and culture of politics has diminished since the arrival of ordinary people on the arena that
witnessed the death of ancient political ideologies.
d)As history choreographs a heady piece of politics, a certain amount of pessimism has taken over the fears of
people who have lost their balance in a world moving at a pace they cannot cope with.
e)None of the above.

35. What according to the author is/are the major cause(s) of indignation to the modern politics?
(I)The failure of modern politics to recover old ideologies from the system which used to be the defining stature of
historical glory.
(II)The three big ‘E’s that describe the existence of pillars on which modern politics is built - Establishment,
Entrenchment and Entitlement.
(III)The revolution that saw the advancement of new philosophers and salvation theologians who form the arrival
of new ideologies and dogmas in the system.

a)Only (I) is correct b)Only (II) is correct c)Only (III) is correct

d)Both (I) and (II) are correct e)All are correct

36. What does the author mean by the ghost story as mentioned in the passage?
a) It’s not traditions, or even ‘lessons from history’, that matter but the man who dares to defy them, the ruler who
refuses to be restrained by office.
b) The revolution that brought writers, singers and philosophers together in pursuit of attaining the idea that
promised man an alternative more liberating than religion.
c) The empire that was built and imagined by Gogol and Solzhenitsyn to pursue the idea of freedom.
d)Both (b) and (c) are correct
e)All are correct

Directions (37-38): Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words
printed in bold as used in passage.

37. Legion
a)Partisan b)Conclave c)Segmentation d)Corps e)Throng

38. Vanguard
a)Pattern b)Avant-garde c)Criterion d)Inspiration e)Standard

Directions (39-40): Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite in meaning to the word/group of
words printed in bold as used in passage.
39. Denouement
a)Misfortune b)Adjournment c)Genesis d)Epilogue e)Transpiration

40. Grandeur
a)Inclusiveness b)Sophistication c)Magnification d)Indifference e)Classicalism

31. Sol. Refer the first paragraph of the passage, “You’re living in, dare I say, a creative phase of politics. Rich in
ideas and arguments, intense in its interplay of passions, nuanced in its undertones of morality and ethics, and
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ambitious in its pursuit of freedom, politics today, as a genre in creativity, is as good as the original works in other
realms of the human mind, be it fiction or philosophy.” So only statements (I) and (III) explain what author meant
to convey with the help of the given phrase. Hence (d) is the correct option.

32. Sol. Refer the last paragraph of the passage, “‘Outsider’ has already become a worn-out word, and most totemic
outsiders are today insiders…….. The outsider, the undisputed protagonist of the political drama, is born from the
rotten remains of politics as usual.” Statements (I) and (II) can be easily inferred from these sentences while
statement (III) is vague as there is no mention of beliefs in cultural purity by the outsider in any part of the passage.
Hence only statements (I) and (II) describe the concept of “outsider” in modern politics in context of the passage.

33. Sol. Refer the first sentence of the second paragraph, “A sign of the times could be the profusion of political
titles in publishing. They are mostly built on the themes of populism, outsiderhood, globalisation and resentment.”
Thus the establishment of modern political titles is based on themes mention in statements (I) and (II). It is to be
noted that both the themes “Resentment” and “Antagonism” almost mean the same. Hence (c) is the correct choice.

34. Sol. Read the fourth paragraph carefully, it is clearly mentioned that how politics has evolved over time, the
modern politics has no significance in comparison to the old and historical one. Today politics has its own
ideologies which are marked as ordinary by the author. Hence only option (a) summarizes the paragraph
appropriately and explains its context briefly and precisely.

35. Sol. Refer the last paragraph of the passage, “He is a rejoinder to the three big ‘E’s that cause resentment:
Establishment, Entrenchment and Entitlement.” Thus only statement (II) is correct in context of the passage which
can be considered to be the cause of the resentment to the modern politics. Hence (b) is the correct option.

36. Sol. Refer the third paragraph of the passage, “Elsewhere, in a vassal state, revolution earned an adjective as
romantic as ‘velvet’, and in the vanguard of its freedom struggle were writers and singers. In the end, the
philosopher would be king. It was a time when an idea that promised man an alternative more liberating than
religion proved to be history’s biggest ghost story.” Hence only option (b) explains the meaning of the ghost story
as mentioned in the passage.

37. Sol. Legion means a vast number of people or things. Throng means a large, densely packed crowd of people or
animals. Hence both are similar in meanings.
Conclave means a private meeting.

38. Sol. Vanguard means a position at the forefront of new developments or ideas. Avant-garde means a group of
artists, musicians, or writers working with new and experimental ideas and methods. Hence both are similar in
meanings.
Criterion means a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided.

39. Sol. Denouement means the outcome of a situation, when something is decided or made clear. Genesis means
the origin or mode of formation of something. Hence both are opposite in meanings.
Adjournment means an act or period of adjourning or being adjourned.
Epilogue means a section or speech at the end of a book or play that serves as a comment on or a conclusion to
what has happened.

40. Sol. Grandeur means splendour and impressiveness, especially of appearance or style. Indifference means
unimportance. Hence both are opposite in meanings.
Inclusiveness means the quality of including all sections of society.
Sophistication means the quality of being sophisticated.
Classicalism means the classical style in literature and art, or adherence to its principles (contrasted with
romanticism).

Direction :- (41-50): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Some words / phrases are
printed in bold in the passage in order to help you locate them while answering some of the questions asked.
With good rains during monsoon is expected to boost private consumption especially in rural areas in the country
by 8.3 per cent this year as against 7.4 per cent in 2015-16, according to Crisil. The distribution of monsoon this
season has been the best in the last three years. Only a third of the districts saw deficiency compared with almost
half in financial year 2015 and 46 per cent in 2014. Importantly, most of the deficient districts are either well-
irrigated or not important agriculturally, CRISIL Research said in a statement.

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The nominal agricultural GDP to rise by Rs 1.49 trillion this financial year, compared with Rs 978 billion in 2016.
This is despite a spike in farm output putting downward pressure on prices and farm incomes. Also, the rural
markets, which account for 54 per cent of private consumption, are already seeing some green shoots.
Indian economy may expand at inflated adjusted rate of 7.9 per cent this financial year and agriculture GDP at an
above-trend four per cent while CPI inflation would remain contained at 5 per cent. Dharmakirti Joshi, chief
economist, Crisil said this time around, India’s consumption story will have two legs instead of just the urban
engine on which it has duked out the past two years. Over time, rural consumption has shifted from necessities to
discretionary goods. Over half of India's consumer durables stock, such as television sets and electric fans, are
consumed in hinterland.
Sales of two-wheelers, motorcycles and multipurpose vans indicate that rural demand has recovered in the past few
months. In the first quarter of 2017, sales of multipurpose vans rose five per cent and two-wheelers and
motorcycles by eight per cent.
Durables picked up pace after de-growth in financial years 2014 and 2015, partly driven by a revival in urban
demand. Now, with a good monsoon expected to push up rural demand, consumer durables sales should
accelerate. Growth in consumer non-durables production, which includes fast-moving consumer goods such as
food, personal products, cosmetics, cleaning products and fuel that account for 34 per cent of rural demand, appears
to have bottomed out.
The higher government expenditure on agriculture and rural development in the first quarter will provide further
support to incomes and demand in rural areas, CRISIL added. (IBPS PO 2016)

41. Which among the following is true regarding the monsoon in India in the year 2016 according to the report by
CRISIL?
a). Monsoon is at its worst since it has never been so bad in the country in the last 50 years or so
b). Monsoon has been good in the country till now and deficiency is very less during this time regarding rainfall in
the country
c). Monsoon is yet to arrive in India since this year the monsoon winds are drifting away from India
d). Monsoon has arrived in India and is gathering steam day by day as the north east monsoon winds are coming
closer to India
e). Other than those given in options

42. Which among the following best summarizes the findings of the report by CRISIL regarding GDP growth in
India in the financial year 2016-17?
a). India will see a decline in the GDP growth in the financial year since India cannot afford to spend more on
infrastructure projects as it used to before
b). India will see an increase in the GDP growth rate because other member countries of SAARC and CRISIL are
going to post very dismal growth
c). Indian GDP growth will never see increase in the financial year since India cannot afford to present a populist
budget this financial year
d). India will see a growth in GDP in the country because of good monsoon in the country so far and at the same
time, the growth of rural economy and consumption
e). Other than those given in options

43. Why, according to CRISIL, deficient monsoon in a large part in India in 2016-17 will not affect the GDP of
India much?
a). The districts where there have been shortfall in rainfall are not that prominent in the agriculture map of India
b). The districts with deficient rainfall will never see agriculture in the area because of the soil infertility in those
areas
c). The deficiency in production will be covered in the rain deficient areas by good monsoon in other areas of the
country
d). The districts which have seen a shortfall in rainfall have good source of irrigation to cover the deficiency
e). Both (1) and (4)

44. Which among the following describes the pattern of consumption in India in the last few years according to the
passage?
a). India has seen a shift from the rural economy to the urban economy since that is the norm in any developing
country
b). India has seen a shift of consumption of goods from urban areas to the rural areas as well as remote ones since
these areas are contributing more to the overall consumption these days
c). India has seen a double digit increase in consumption of non durable and durable goods in the rural areas of the
country whereas for urban areas this has been negative
d). India has seen a growth in consumption in urban areas though the rural area is also catching up but very slowly
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e). Other than those given in options

45. Which among the following has / have been mentioned in the passage regarding the necessity to further fuel the
economic growth in the rural areas?
a). Private sector should come forward and invest in agriculture in the coming years to bridge the gap between
necessity and actual investment
b). Government should prop up investment in agriculture and the development of areas that are remote from the so
called growth engines
c). Government should give incentives to businessmen who are ready to invest in rural areas of the country
d). Both (1) and (3)
e). Other than those given in options

46. Which among the following is / are not true according to the given passage?
a). India will see a dismal growth in agriculture in the financial year 2016-17 as it will lisp below the conventional
4 percent during this period
b). India will see the growth of industrial sector in the financial year because of the growth in production and
output
c). The consumer price index based inflation is about to grow by 5 percent in the current financial year
D. Both (1) and (2)
e). All the above statements are true

47. Which among the following is similar in meaning to the word ‘boost’ as used in the passage?
a). Inflate b). Reduce c). Deduct d). Improve e). Other than those given in options

48. Which among the following is similar in meaning to the word ‘deficiency’ as used in the passage?
a). Lack b). Long c). Crave d). Waste e). Other than those given in options

49. Which among the following is opposite in meaning to the word ‘spike’ as used in the passage?
a). Decrease b). Solute c). Absolve d). Destined e). Other than those given in options

50. Which among the following is opposite in meaning to the word ‘hinterland’ as used in the passage?
a). Remote b). Rescue c). Metropolis d). Machinery e). Other than those given in options

41. Explanation: According to the report by CRISIL, it has been observed in India that the country has not seen
deficient rainfall in the country barring a few districts and the average rainfall has been good in the country so far.
This makes option (2) the right choice among the given optiosn regarding the percentage of rainfall in India.

42.Explanation: CRISIL report has pointed out that monsoon has been very good in India this financial year and
because of that, consumption will see growth in the rural areas of the country. This will help the rural economy
grow in the country resulting in overall increase in GDP growth in the country. This makes option (4) the right
choice among the given options.

43.Explanation: According to CRISIL, there have been one third of the total districts in India which have seen a
deficiency in the total rainfall in India. But that will not affect the GDP growth of the country much since those
areas are either well irrigated or are not at all important for agricultural production. These make option (5) the right
choice among the given options.

44.Explanation: According to research by CRISIL, it has been observed that the hinterlands of India are coming up
with demands such as electronic goods, television sets, mobile phones etc and because of this India has experienced
a growth in rural areas consumption in the country. This has resulted in a double growth in consumption in both
rural and urban areas of the country. This makes option (2) the right choice among the given options.

45.Explanation: According to the CRISIL report, it has been mentioned that the government should increase its
share of investment in rural areas of the country in rural development and agriculture since these areas are going to
be the future growth engines of the country. This will be beneficial to Indian economy since monsoon has also been
good in the country this year. This makes option (2) the right choice among the given options.

46. Explanation: According to the given passage, agriculture growth is expected to grow above the customary 4
percent in the financial year 2016-17 whereas the CPI based inflation is expected to hover around 5 percent in the
said period. There is no mention of any industrial production in the country during the period and therefore, it
cannot be held as true according to the passage. This makes option (4) the right choice among the given options.
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47.Explanation: According to the given passage, the word ‘boost’ has been used to indicate that the rural
consumption growth will increase the overall consumption level and GDP growth in the country. This makes
option (4) the right choice among the given options.

48. Explanation: The given word has been used in the passage to indicate that there is a lack of rainfall in some
areas of the country in the current financial year. This makes option (1) the right choice among the given options.

49. Explanation: The word ‘spike’ has been used to indicate that there has been increase in farm output in the
current financial year and that is why, the opposite should be ‘decrease’ as is used in the passage. This makes
option (1) the right choice as the opposite of the given word among the given options.

50. Explanation: The given word has been used to indicate areas in the country which are very remote and where
the basic amenities of life are very difficult to get. Hence, ‘metropolis’ should be the right choice among the given
options as the opposite of the given word.

(SSC CGL (Tier - 1) Online Exam Paper - 2016 )

51.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each
question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.

The snowstorm was getting worse. White flakes whirled around us as we fought our way against the wind. I had
almost given up hope of sheltering, when we found an abandoned log cabin in front of us.

I squeezed through the door of the cabin and stepped cautiously inside with Jane close behind me. It was dark and
musty-smelling, but at least it was sheltered and dry.

Glad to be out of the storm, we settled down on the dusty floor to wait for a break in the weather."What's this?"
asked Jane curiously. Her hand closing over something shiny. She held it up to the weak ray of light that pierced
the gloom. A gold necklace glittered and shone. Its ruby pendant was a lustrous wine-red in the faint beam.
Strangely, there was no dust on the necklace. It was almost as though it had dropped from the throat of its owner
moments ago.

We gazed at each other speechlessly. What strange mystery had we accidently stumbled upon?

What had the writer given up hope?

a). To be able to withstand this snowstorm b). To be able to fight her way against the wind
c). That the snowstorm would improve d). To find shelter from the wind

52.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each
question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.

The snowstorm was getting worse. White flakes whirled around us as we fought our way against the wind. I had
almost given up hope of sheltering, when we found an abandoned log cabin in front of us.

I squeezed through the door of the cabin and stepped cautiously inside with Jane close behind me. It was dark and
musty-smelling, but at least it was sheltered and dry.

Glad to be out of the storm, we settled down on the dusty floor to wait for a break in the weather."What's this?"
asked Jane curiously. Her hand closing over something shiny. She held it up to the weak ray of light that pierced
the gloom. A gold necklace glittered and shone. Its ruby pendant was a lustrous wine-red in the faint beam.
Strangely, there was no dust on the necklace. It was almost as though it had dropped from the throat of its owner
moments ago.

We gazed at each other speechlessly. What strange mystery had we accidently stumbled upon?

What did the two friends find while searching for shelter?
a). A haunted hut b). A deserted hut c). A very old hut d). A very small hut
VARDHMAN CAREER PLACE, M: 90413-48720, 91158 - 48720 Page 221
53.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each
question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.

The snowstorm was getting worse. White flakes whirled around us as we fought our way against the wind. I had
almost given up hope of sheltering, when we found an abandoned log cabin in front of us.

I squeezed through the door of the cabin and stepped cautiously inside with Jane close behind me. It was dark and
musty-smelling, but at least it was sheltered and dry.

Glad to be out of the storm, we settled down on the dusty floor to wait for a break in the weather."What's this?"
asked Jane curiously. Her hand closing over something shiny. She held it up to the weak ray of light that pierced
the gloom. A gold necklace glittered and shone. Its ruby pendant was a lustrous wine-red in the faint beam.
Strangely, there was no dust on the necklace. It was almost as though it had dropped from the throat of its owner
moments ago.

We gazed at each other speechlessly. What strange mystery had we accidently stumbled upon?

Why did the writer step cautiously inside the cabin?

a). Because she was feeling so cold that her legs had become numb
b). Because she could not see clearly in the dark
c). Because the wind made it difficult for her to enter quickly
d). Because the cabin was very dusty

54.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each
question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.

The snowstorm was getting worse. White flakes whirled around us as we fought our way against the wind. I had
almost given up hope of sheltering, when we found an abandoned log cabin in front of us.

I squeezed through the door of the cabin and stepped cautiously inside with Jane close behind me. It was dark and
musty-smelling, but at least it was sheltered and dry.

Glad to be out of the storm, we settled down on the dusty floor to wait for a break in the weather."What's this?"
asked Jane curiously. Her hand closing over something shiny. She held it up to the weak ray of light that pierced
the gloom. A gold necklace glittered and shone. Its ruby pendant was a lustrous wine-red in the faint beam.
Strangely, there was no dust on the necklace. It was almost as though it had dropped from the throat of its owner
moments ago.

We gazed at each other speechlessly. What strange mystery had we accidently stumbled upon?

What did Jane find?

a). A necklace made of gold b). A necklace made of red ruby
c). A red - coloured necklace d). A golden necklace with a pendant on it

55.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each
question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.

The snowstorm was getting worse. White flakes whirled around us as we fought our way against the wind. I had
almost given up hope of sheltering, when we found an abandoned log cabin in front of us.

I squeezed through the door of the cabin and stepped cautiously inside with Jane close behind me. It was dark and
musty-smelling, but at least it was sheltered and dry.

Glad to be out of the storm, we settled down on the dusty floor to wait for a break in the weather."What's this?"
asked Jane curiously. Her hand closing over something shiny. She held it up to the weak ray of light that pierced
the gloom. A gold necklace glittered and shone. Its ruby pendant was a lustrous wine-red in the faint beam.
Strangely, there was no dust on the necklace. It was almost as though it had dropped from the throat of its owner
moments ago.

We gazed at each other speechlessly. What strange mystery had we accidently stumbled upon?
VARDHMAN CAREER PLACE, M: 90413-48720, 91158 - 48720 Page 222
What was the strange thing about the necklace?
a). It was made of marble b). It was pink in colour
c). There was no dust in it d). There was a picture on the pendant

Answer Key

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.E 17.C 18.D 19.D 20.A
21.A 22.E 23.E 24.A 25.A 26.D 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.A
31.D 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.E 38.B 39.C 40.D
41.B 42.D 43.E 44.B 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.A 50.C
51.D 52.B 53.B 54.D 55.C

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 23.Parajumbles / Rearrangement

In the following questions, the 1st and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6. The rest
of the passage is split into four parts and named P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order.
Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct. Then find the correct answer.

1. 1. Education in India had a glorious beginning.

P. But after the British rule, it faced many changes.
Q. It went on for centuries with the same glory.
R. English as the medium of instruction had a very great response.
S. One of the changes was the introduction of English as the medium of instruction.
6. As the Britishers left we had a complexity of opinions regarding English
A. PQRS B. QPSR C. PQSR D. SRPQ

2. 1. It is easy to criticize the people at the helm, for the slow progress in every field.
P. We are well aware that the intellectuals are leaving our country for better employment opportunities.
Q. Then question remains unanswered because our country cannot show opportunities to the intellectuals.
R. Then, what about their obligation to the Motherland?
S. First, we should ask ourselves as to what is happening to the young intellectuals in India.
6. This situation of 'Brain-Drain' leads to a variety of problems.
A. PSQR B. RPSQ C. PSRQ D. SPRQ

3. 1. It is the responsibility of parents to teach the young moral values in life.

P. Many children take advantage of their parents busy schedule.
Q. This result in children's ignorane of social values.
R. The reason behind it is that parents are quite busy nowadays.
S. Nowadays parents spend very meagre time with children.
6. As such, the society is going away from the value system.
A. SRPQ B. PQRS C. SQRP D. SPQR

4. 1. The man who does his duty without any selfish desire for fruit may be called a sanyasi as well as yogi.
P. The man who has achieved much evenness of temper will be serene, because his mere thoughts are changed with
the strength of action.
Q. He would practise yoga. i.e., evenness of temper, and cannot but perform action.
R. The root of the matter is that one should not allow his mind to fit from object to desire to another and from that
to a third.
S. But he who abstains from action altogether is only an idler.
6. A yogi is one who is not at teached to his objects of sense or to action and whose mind has ceased to roam
restlessly.
A. SRQP B. RQPS C. QRSP D. PRSQ

5. 1. This was an important day for Alattook.

P. It was a cold day, but Alatook would be warm.
Q. For the first time he was going to hunt seals alone.
R. First he put on his fur-lined jacket.
S. Then he put on mittens and boots of deerskin to protect his hands and feet from the cold.
6. Finally he picked up the gun he had cleaned so carefully the day before.
A. PQRS B. QPRS C. PRSQ D. QRPS

6. 1. The most vulnerable section of the society are the students.

P. Revolutionary and new fledged ideas have a great appeal to them.
Q. Agitations may be non-violent methods of protest.
R. They cannot resist the charm of persuasion.
S. They are to be taught that without discipline they cannot get proper education.
6. However if these become violent, the antisocial elements get encouraged and they put all proper working out of
gear.
A. PRSQ B. RSQP C. SRPQ D. RPQS

7. 1. Venice is a strange city.

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P. There are about 400 odd bridges connecting the islands of Venice.
Q. There are no motor cars, no horses and no buses there.
R. These small islands are close to one another.
S. It is not one island but a hundred islands.
6. This is because Venice has no streets.
A. SRPQ B. PSRQ C. RQPS D. QSRP

8. 1. One of the most terrible battles of the American Civil War was fought in July 1863, at Gettysburg.
P. The chief speech on that occasion was given by Edward Everett, a celebrated orator.
Q. Lincoln was asked to make a few remarks.
R. In November of that year a portion of the battlefield was dedicated as a final resting place for men of both
armies who died there.
S. Everett's speech lasted 2 hours. Lincoln's for 2 minutes;
it was over almost before the crowd realized that it had begun.
6. But the Gettysburg speech is now one of the world's immortal pieces of literature.
A. SQRP B. RPQS C. PQRS D. QPSR

9. 1. The teacher training agency in England hopes to make teaching one of the top three professions.
P. They have also demanded that the campaign should be matched by improved pay scales, work load and morale
so as to avoid recruitment problems with an aim to raise the image of the teaching profession.
Q. A series of advertisements are now being screened showing famous people speaking about teachers they
remember and admire.
R. An amount of $100 million has been set aside to combat the shortage of applicants for teacher training.
S. Teacher Unions have welcomed this campaign.
6. It is high time for the Indian Government also to think on similar lines and take steps to lift up the sinking morale
of the teaching profession.
A. QRPS B. RPSQ C. RQSP D. QPSR

10. 1. Some say that failure is like toxic waste.

P. I see failure more as a fertilizer.
Q. Thinking about it pollutes and undermines the attitudes needed for success.
R. The seeds of success must be planted afresh.
S. It can be used to enrich the soil of your mind.
6. Turning failure into a fertilizer is accomplished by using your errors as steps in learning.
A. SRQP B. PQSR C. SPQR D. QPSR

11. There are a lot of ways to communicate : speaking, singing, clapping, hooting.
P. Even animals communicate with one another.
Q. Only humans can express their thoughts and feelings in words because of our superior brain.
R. Both humans and animals also communicate through body language.
S. But their ways differ from the humans.
6. Sometimes we don’t use words but make gestures (like traffic signs) or simple movements of the hand in order
to communicate.
A. PRSQ B. QPRS C. PQRS D. PSQR

12. 1. Fires in the Steppes or bushes scared humans earlier.

P. Gradually, they learnt to appreciate the power of fire.
Q. It gave them light and warmth and kept away wild animals.
R. About 700,000 years ago, humans started fire accidentally by lightning.
S. They could harden the tips of wooden spears and cook meat in it.
6. Soon they learnt to produce fire by striking flintstone and pyrite with each other or by rubbing lumbers.
A. QSPR B. PQSR C. PQRS D. QRSP

13. 1. When the Impressionists

P. they made them look like Q. everyday and often putting
R people you would see S. painted pictures of people
6. more emphasis on the scene.
A. RQPS B. SRQP C. PRQS D. SPRQ

14. 1. Sherlock Holmes is the

P. who is in a state of grace Q. is raised to the status
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R. because in him scientific curiosity S. exceptional individual
6. of a heroic passion.
A. PRQS B. SRQP C. SPRQ D. RPSQ

15. 1. The goals of our present system

P. schooling is to prepare Q. students for the examination system
R. which will take them to the S. of primary and secondary
6. best technical institutions in the country
A. SPQR B. QPRS C. PRQS D. PSQR

16. 1. Egotism is the; most common fault of mankind.

P. However, with time it becomes an exaggerated form of self display.
Q. It is the product of a perfectly natural desire to display oneself.
R. This is necessary as it impairs the personality and frustrates all efforts at self improvement.
S. Beyond any shadow of doubt, it is a defect that ought to be constantly hunted down, and scotched.
6. One should always be on guard not to give into egotism.
A. RSPQ B. PSRQ C. PQRS D. QPSR

17. 1. The watchman

P. and found two thieves Q. woke up when
R. with black masks S. he heard the dog barking
6. trying to get in
A. QSRP B. PQRS C. QSPR D. SPQR

18. 1. The student

P. touched the Q. arrived and
R. their teacher S. feet of
6. with reverence
A. RQSP B. QPSR C. QPRS D. QRSP

19. 1. This summer was the most

P. to believe that next Q. and we have reason
R. scorching in living memory S. year and the year after
6. will be hotter still
A. SRPQ B. SPQR C. QSPR D. RQPS

20. 1. Falcons have sharp angular wings

P. to dive sharply Q. and allow them
R. to chase their prey S. that give them the speed
6. to capture their victims
A. QPRS B. PRSQ C. SRQP D. SQPR

21. 1. Everyone
P. the case calmly Q. acknowledges
R. who knows you S. when he considers

6. that you have been wronged.

A. PSQR B. QRSP C. SRPQ D. RQSP

22. 1. It is those good works

P. that lead to peak performance Q. which we do with passion
R. our understanding of our purpose S. and which come to reflect

6. in this life.
A. PRQS B. QPSR C. QSRP D. SRQP

23. 1. I am a self confessed technophobe.

P. I believe that computer is responsible for the dying of the art of conversation.
Q. I have come to hate technology and the way it dominates every aspect of life.
R. For many, it has become the most important object both in home and at the workplace.
S. One of the worst offenders is the computer.
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6. Small wonder then, that I have managed to keep this ubiquitous machine out of my home.
A. PQRS B. QSRP C. RPSQ D. SRPQ

24. 1. Moisturisers for the face

P. as oily ones may block Q. in greater concentration on the face
R. the oil glands found S. should be chosen carefully.
6. and cause pimple/acne to break out.
A. SRPQ B. SQPR C. SPRQ D. SPQR

25. 1. These
P. about the heavenly Q. experiments by the scientists
R. with amazing knowledge S. will supply us
6. bodies.
A. PSQR B. PSRQ C. QSRP D. RQPS

26. 1. Over 67 years

P. but the problems Q. have remained
R. have passed S. of the common man
6. as daunting as ever.
A. SRQP B. QSPR C. QPRS D. RPSQ

27. 1. The President

P. from Tokyo Q. where he
R. had been meeting S. came back
6. other world leaders.
A. QSPR B. SPQR C. PSQR D. RPQS

28. 1. Man' s
P. in the modern Q. insatiable thirst for knowledge
R. the wonderful achievements of science S. is at the root of
6. world.
A. QSRP B. PQRS C. SQPR D. RSPQ

29. 1. Today
P. by the hunters for their Q. are trapped or killed
R. millions of wild animals S. each year
6. skin.
A. SPRQ B. RQSP C. QPRS D. PSQR

Parajumbles
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
11.D 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.C
21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.B

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 Practice Exercise

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1-5) : Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper
sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. IBPS PO -17-06-2012
(A) If China is the world's factory, India has become the world's outsourcing centre - keeping in line with this
image.
(B) But India's future depends crucially on its ability to compete fully in the Creative Economy - not just in tech
and software, but across design and entrepreneurship; arts, culture and entertainment; and the knowledge-based
professions of medicine, finance and law.
(C) While its creative assets outstrip those of other emerging competitors, India must address several challenges to
increase its international competitiveness as the world is in the midst of a sweeping transformation.
(D) This transformation is evident in the fact that the world is moving from an industrial economy to a Creative
Economy that generates wealth by harnessing intellectual labour, intangible goods and human creative capabilities.
(E) Its software industry is the world's second-largest, its tech outsourcing accounts for more than hall of the $ 300
billion global industry, according to a technology expert.
(F) If the meeting of world leaders at Davos is any indication, India is rapidly becoming an economic'rock star'.
1. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after the rearrangement ?
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

2. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after the rearrangement ?
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

3. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement ?
A. A B. B C. C D. F E. E

4. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after the rearrangement ?
A. F B. B C. C D. A E. E

5. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement ?
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F

Directions: (6-10)Rearrange the following six sentence (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to
form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. SBI PO 28-04-2013
A) The group desired to enhance the learning experience in schools with an interactive digital medium that could
be used within and outside the class-room.
B) Then the teacher can act on the downloaded data rather than collect it from each and every student and thereby
save his time and effort.
C) Editor, decided the group of engineers, all alumni of the Indian Institute of technology, when they founded
Edutor Technologies in August 2009.
D) They can even take tests and submit them digitally using the same tablets and the teachers in turn can download
the tests using the company’s cloud services.
E) With this desire created a solution that digitizes school textbooks and other learning material so that students no
longest to carry as many books to school and back as before, but can access their study material on their touch-
screen tablets.
F) A mechanic works on motors and an accountant has his computer. Likewise, if a student has to work on a
machine or device, what should it be called?
6. Which of the following sentences should be the FIRST after arrangement?
A. F B. D C. A D. C E. E

7. Which of the following sentences should be the THIRD after arrangement?

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A. A B. B C. D D. D E. F

8. Which of the following sentences should be the SIXTH (LAST) after arrangement?
A. A B. F C. E D. B E. C

9. Which of the following sentences should be the FOURTH after arrangement?

A. A B. F C. E D. B E. C

10. Which of the following sentences should be the FIFTH after arrangement?
A. A B. D C. C D. E E. F

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 11-20) : Rearrange are following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper
sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. (IBPS PO 31-10-2015")
(A) There are a number of item in the atomic energy programme which are being made indigenously.
(B) Given the overall energy situation in India, the use of nuclear power in some measure is inescapable even while
thermal and hydro power continue to be the dominant
elements.
(C) However, commercial aspects of exploiting nuclear capabilities, especially for power-generation programmes,
have been recently given high priority.
(D) Atomic energy programmes have been subject to severe restrictions for every obvious reason as the
Department of Atomic energy is becoming self-reliant in areas in which only a few countrices have such capability.
(E) Even to meet these nuclear power requirements, India critically requires a commercia level power-generation
capability, with its commensurate safety and nuclear waste
management arrangements.
(F) Thus, in Indian context energy security is also crucial, perhaps much more than it is for the U.S.A.. because
India imports a good part of its crude oil requirements, paying for it with precious foreign exchange.
11. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement ?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D) E. (E)

12. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement ?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D) E. (E)

13. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement ?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D) E. (E)

14. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D) E. (E)

15. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement ?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D) E. (E)

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 16-20) : Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper
sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. IBPS PO Exam Paper -
2015
(A) Two of the best-performing major economies in 2014 were China and Brazil, with growth estimated at 7.5%
and 10.5% resepectively.
(B) Despite that limp growth, major US stock market indexes are up between 11% and 20% for the year.
(C) Even knowing where economies are headed sometimes it is of no help to an investor.
(D) It is hard to anticipate the direction of financial markets.
(E) But as of December, stock markets of both nations were in the red for the year.
(F) By contrast, the US economy is likely to have expanded at only about 2.6% for the year.
16. Which of the following would be the SECOND sentence?
A. A B. C C. D D. E E. F

17. Which of the following would be the FOURTH sentence?

A. A B. B C. C D. E E. F

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18. Which of the following would be the FIFTH sentence ?
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F

19. Which of the following would be the FIRST sentence ?

A. B B. C C. D D. E E. F

20. Which of the following would be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence ?

A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 21-30) : Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), and (D) in the proper sequence
to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. CGL TIER-1 Exam 2018-19

21.A: A man on a bike had to ride on the pavement.

B: When he tried to plunge onto the road, a car hit him.
C: As the bus inched through the evening life, the traffic grew.
D: There was no space on the road any more.
A. CBAD B. DBCA C. ADBC D. CDAB

22.A: Once the formalities are done, you can start using your account and save time and money.
B: Opening a bank account can seem intimidating.
C: Getting your account opened is just a matter of providing certain details and funding your account.
D: Fortunately, most banks follow a standardized process.
A. BDCA B. BADC C. CBDA D. ADBC

23.A: It is a popular tourist spot for watching the sunset and sunrise over the ocean.
B: Kanyakumari is a coastal town in the State of Tamil Nadu on India’s southern tip.
C: It is also a noted pilgrimage site, thanks to its Bagvathi Amman Temple and Our Lady of Ransom Church, a
centre of Indian Catholicism.
D: Jutting out into the Laccadive sea, the town was known as Cape Caomorin during the British rule.
A. ACDB B. DCAB C. BDAC D. BCDA

24.A: He would sit at the edge of her mother’s bed and stare into her crib.
B: Arvind bumbled down the interminable corridor, suddenly reminded of his daughter in the days after she was
born.
C: As a proportion to the fragment of life his daughter had seen, an hour was a vast sprawling space.
D: Some days he would imagine the world through her eyes and he would feel in his heart how long an hour
actually was.
A. BCDA B. BADC C. DACB D. ABCD

25.A: Only natural dyes are used in Kalamkari and it involves several steps.
B: There are two distinctive styles of Kalamkari in India.
C: They are the Sri kalahasti style and the Machlipatnam style.
D: Kalamkari is a type of hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile, produced in the Indian States of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana.
A. CBDA B. DABC C. ACBD D. DCBA

26.A: Its value is linked to what it is being used for.

B: Such questions often baffle you.
C: How emotional should one get about money and its value?
D: Money on its own has no value, until you have some use for it.
A. CABD B. DBAC C. CBDA D. ACDB

27.A: The market which has remained clogged with vehicles was all clear fore pedestrians.
B: The has even marked with stripes demarcating space for hawkers.
C: It also lined with beautiful potted plants to give it a green look.
D: Visitors to the busy Karol Bagh market in Delhi were in for a surprise.
A. DCBA B. DABC C. ADBC D. BDAC

28.A: If the mixture becomes too thick add more milk.

B: Finally, add sugar and nuts, and your kheer is ready.
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C: Boil milk in a heavy-bottomed pan and add rice.
D: Cook for about twenty minutes stirring every once in a while till the mixture thickens.
A. BADC B. CDAB C. DACB D. ADCB

29.A: This network of storied is known in academic circles as ‘fiction’ or ‘imagined realities’.
B: However, an imagined reality is not a lie.
C: Over the years, people have woven an incredibly complex network of stories.
D: Within this network fiction not only exists but also accumulated immense power.
A. CADB B. DBAC C. ADBC D. DBCA

30.A: Lyrics help in creating a distinctive narrative, some conventions of which have been carried over from the
talkative era.
B: Thus, songs have outlived films in people’s memories.
C: However, songs seem to have acquired a musical grammar of their own, establishing an emotional chord with
the listeners.
D: In popular Indian cinema, lyrics are to music what the heart is to the body.
A. ABCD B. DCBA C. DACB D. ADBC

Answer Key

1.D 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.E 16.B 17.D 18.E 19.C 20.B
21.D 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.A 30.C

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 24.Cloze Test

Directions (1-5): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each,
five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each
case.
Primary school enrolment in India has been a success story, 1 due to various programmes and drives to
increase enrolment even in remote areas. With enrolment reaching at least 96 percent since 2009, and girls 2 up 56
percent of new students between 2007 and 2013, it is clear that many 3 of access to schooling have been 4 .
Improvement in infrastructure has been 5 behind achieving this and now in India 98 percent habitations have a
primary school within one kilometre and 92 percent have an upper primary school within a three kilometre walking
distance.
1. (a) most (b) properly (c) totally (d) optionally (e) largely
2. (a) coming (b) reaching (c) counting (d) making (e) touching
3. (a) issue (b)opportunities (c) problems (d) efforts (e) exertions
4. (a) accustomed (b) addressed (c) met (d) forwarded (e) dissolved
5. (a) main (b)forced (c)force (d)compulsion (e) awareness

Directions (6-10): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each,
five words are suggested one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each
case.
Education has been a problem in our country for 6 . The lack of it has been blamed for all 7 of evil for
hundreds of years. Even scholars have written lengthy articles about how the Indian education system needs to
change. The funny thing is that fro colonial times, things have 8 changed. We have established reputed business
schools, law schools and other institutions of excellence. Students, now, so routinely score 90% marks that even
with this percentage they find it 9 to get into the colleges of their choice. The problem thus lies with us doing more
of the same old stuff. This needs to change by bringing about 10 in education.

6. (a) time (b) take (c) ever (d) long (e) decade
7. (a) possession (b) abundance (c)typical (d) much (e) sorts
8.(a) bare (b) hardly (c) little (d) much (e) highly
9. (a) simple (b) easy (c) irregular (d) noble (e) difficult
10. (a) innovation (b) dreams (c)creating (d) foreign (e) choice

Direction ( 11–30) :- Almost every full moon night, the officials in Andaman and Nicobar Islands take part in a
cautious ritual. The tribesmen watch from a safe distance as the officials 11 the island in a boat 12 gifts for them.
The islanders come 13 hesitantly only after the officials 14 dumbed the coconuts brought 15 them onto the beach
and begin 16 away from their small island. On some nights the tribals even 17 up enough courage to swim upto a
few feet 18 from the boat. The officials maintain that they do 19 want to interfere with the way of life of the tribals.
The island 20 heavily on the mainland for most goods
11. (a) approach (b) depart (c) present (d) absent
12. (a) coming (b) leaving (c) carrying (d) relieving
13. (a) forward (b) backward (c) sides (d) upward
14. (a) has (b) have (c) had (d) be
15. (a) by (b) to (c) in (d) for
16. (a) watching (b) seeing (c) sailing (d) stopping
17. (a) leave (b) muster (c) come (d) present
18. (a) correctly (b) distantly (c) near (d) away
19. (a) no (b) neither (c) not (d) nor
20. (a) spy (b) rely (c) occupy (d) reply

Direction (21- 30 ) :- In the following passage some of the words have been left out. First read the passage
over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
The Solar System has been a complicated wonder for the astronomers. This is a 21 to which we may
never have the exact answer. Man has wondered 22 the age of the Earth 23 ancient times. There were all kinds of
24 that seemed to have the 25. But man could not begin to 26 about the question scientifically until about 400
years 27. When it was proved that the 28 revolved round the Sun and the Earth was a 29 of our Solar System, then
scientists knew where to 30.
21. (a) problem (b) question (c) matter (d) query
22. (a) around (b) out (c) about (d) on

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23. (a) since (b) during (c) around (d) from
24. (a) ideas (b) opinions (c) stories (d) matters
25. (a) solution (b) novel (c) book (d) answer
26. (a) read (b) think (c) open (d) guess
27. (a) now (b) time (c) then (d) ago
28. (a) Moon (b) time (c) Earth (d) Mars
29. (a) part (b) division (c) opening (d) centre
30. (a) end (b) begin (c) think (d) work

Direction ( 31 – 40 )In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. First read the passage
over and try to understand what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
Growing urbanization and literacy, especially female education, will no doubt change the plight of women in
India. But the 31 will be slow and painful. Are we 32 to wait until this happens while more and more girls meet
their 33 end? Not if we lay calim to an India that is 34 and aspires to attain superpower status. There is only one
quick 35 , which is not to wait for 36 to change, but to compel the police force to 37 their attitude. The attitude of
the police force will become 38 if there is a big stick poised to hit them. They will be more 39 to women victims
and keener to catch the 40 if they knew that they themselves will be punished or sacked. In an insensible society,
fear is the only key.
31. (a) method (b) manner (c) process (d) section
32. (a) keen (b) prepared (c) made (d) asked
33. (a) tragic (b) lethal (c) systematic (d) methodical
34. (a) growing (b) shining (c) competing (d) plodding
35. (a) decision (b) thought (c) idea (d) solution
36. (a) attitudes (b) nature (c) behaviour (d) opinions
37. (a) alter (b) reverse (c) change (d) cleanse
38. (a) democratic (b) lenient (c) liberal (d) easy
39. (a) affectionate (b) considerate (c) attentive (d) concerned
40. (a) culprits (b) rowdies (c) hooligans (d) law-breakers

Direction (41 - 50 ):- Parents tend to spoil their own children either by overindulgence or by deprivation.
Childhood should be the time for 41 from primary selfishness to sharing, for learning to 42 with deprivation and
disappointment and learning to 43 failure, since breaking a toy and forgetting a homework assignment are 44
serious than breaking a marriage or forgetting to prepare for career advancement. But 45 deprivation, as is common
in 46 families, leaves many children 47 the stage of personal gratification. They lack resources for developing a
sense of 48 . towards others and a wish to care for them. And children 49 be poor to be underprivileged. The 50 are
also deprived, cheated out of learning how to face life.
41. (a) changing (b) turning (c) shifting (d) removing
42. (a) cope up (b) adjust (c) fight (d) cope
43. (a) overcome (b) eliminate (c) remove (d) forget
44. (a) far better (b) far less (c) far worse (d) far more
45. (a) much (b) exhaustive (c) excessive (d) every
46. (a) undernourished (b) uncoordinated (c) uncooperative (d)underprivileged
47. (a) stuck in (b) stuck on (c) stuck about (d) stick in
48. (a) gratitude (b) responsibility (c) concern (d) friends hip
49. (a) would not (b) should not (c) need not (d) had not
50. (a) over confident (d) over cautious (c) over enthusiastic (d) over indulged

Direction (51 - )In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully
and choose the correct answer to each question out of the four alternatives and fill in the blanks.
Delhi 51 the capital of India. People from all parts of the country and the world 52 to Delhi. There 53 many
historical buildings. People 54 the Rajghat, Shantivan and Vijayghat. We visited Delhi last year 55 our cousins.
There 56 many other historical cities. Agra 57 one of them. We 58 visit Agra and Jaipur next time. The Red Fort of
Delhi and the Hawa Mahal of Jaipur were 59 famous for their Mughal 60 Rajasthani architecture respectively.
51. (a) was (b) are (c) is (d) were
52. (a) came (b) comes (c) come (d) coming
53. (a) has (b) were (c) is (d) are
54. (a) visit (b) visited (c) visiting (d) visits
55. (a) for (b) on (c) of (d) with
56. (a) is (b) are (c) were (d) was
57. (a) are (b) was (c) is (d) were
58. (a) will (b) would (c) could (d) can
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59. (a) much (b) very (c) too (d) more
60. (a) either (b) because (c) or (d) and

Answer Key

1.E 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.E 8.B 9.E 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.B
21.B 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B
31.C 32.B 33.A 34.B 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.A
41.C 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D
51.C 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.D

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 25.Previous Year Papers
Excise/ Inspector Paper 2023
1. She ______________ been to America, has she? Choose the appropriate verb.
A. hadn’t B. Hasn’t C. Haven’t D. Has

2. Select the word which is closest to the opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
It is not difficult to take note of his immaculate style of writing .
A. Impeccable B. Unsullied C. Exquisite D. Flawed

3. Translate the below sentence into Punjabi and choose the correct option.
The Most useful training of my career was given to me by my boss.
A. ਮੇਰਾ ਬੌਸ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮੇਰੇ ਕਰੀਅਰ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਉਪਯੋਗੀ ਸਸਖਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਸਰਹਾ ਹੈ।
B. ਮੇਰਾ ਬੌਸ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮੇਰੇ ਕਰੀਅਰ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਉਪਯੋਗੀ ਸਸਖਲਾਈ ਸਦੂੰ ਦਾ ਹੈ।
C. ਮੇਰੇ ਕਰੀਅਰ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਉਪਯੋਗੀ ਸਸਖਲਾਈ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮੇਰੇ ਬੌਸ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਦਿੱ ਤੀ ਗਈ ਸੀ।
D. ਮੇਰਾ ਬੌਸ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮੇਰੇ ਕਰੀਅਰ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਉਪਯੋਗੀ ਸਸਖਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਸਰਹਾ ਹੈ।

4.Choose the correctly spelt word:

A. Consciousness B. expectantily C. adventurus D. corroborate

5. Choose the sentence in which adjectives are correctly used.

A. She is better than any other girl that studies in our class
B. She was not punished though she came latter than I.
C. In the opinion of everyone she is wiser than beautiful
D. It was bitter cold and we preferred not to go out that night.

6. Select the alternative which best expresses the given sentence in Indirect Speech.
Kiran asked me, "Did you see the cricket match on TV last night ?"

A. Kiran asked me whether I saw the cricket match on TV the earlier night.
B. Kiran asked me whether I have seen the cricket match on TV the last night the
C. Kiran asked me whether I had seen the cricket match on TV the earlier night.
D. Kiran asked me whether you saw the cricket match on TV the last night.

7. Change the VOICE of the given sentence.

He Was driving the car so fast that it skidded on the snowy road.
A. The car was driven by him so fast that it skidded on the snowy road.
B. The car was being driven by him so fast that it skidded on the snowy road.
C. The car had been driven by him so fast that it skidded on the snowy road.
D. The car has been driven by him that it skidded on the snowy road.

8. Fill in the blank.

How dare you___________ to your teachers like this?
A. to talk B. talk C. talking D. talked

9. Sentence: I made the decision to buy onions on my way to the shops.

Which of the following statements best expresses the meaning as found in the sentence ?
a. Because I was going to shops, I decided to buy onions.
b. While I was going to the shops, I decided to buy onions.
c. As I was going to the shops, I decided to buy onions.
d. Since I was going to shops, I decided to buy onions.

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10. Fill up the blank with suitable preposition.
Nothing can deter him ______ pursuing his aim of life.
A. for B. from C. in D. of

11. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined idiom given in the sentence.
The sight of the accident made my flesh creep.
A. worried me B. frightened me
C. confused me D. drew my attention

12. Select the most suitable alternative which conveys the exact meaning in accordance with the correct
grammatical rules.
A. You are not working hard so your success is out of a question.
B. You are not working hard so your success is out of the question.
C. You are not working hard so your success is out of question.
D. You are not working hard so your success is not out of the question DE

13.Choose the one which can be substituted for the given sentence.
The practise of having many wives.
A. Bigamy B. Calligraphy C. Polygamy D. Polyandry

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 Patwari 2023
1. Choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the idiom
"Apple of one's eye"
A. Cheap thing B. Fruit C. Eye flu D. Valuable thing

2. Out of the given alternatives, choose the word which is to the given word: opposite in meaning
DEEP
A. Hollow B. Profound C. Shallow D. Willow

3. Out of the given alternatives, choose the word which is same in meaning or nearest in meaning to the
given word:
VACANT
A. Full B. Vacation C. Decorative y D. Empty

4. Find the mis-spelt word from the following:

A. Furniture B. Alphabate C. Dozen D. Office

5. Give one word substitution for the following:

A list of name of books
A. Index B.Content list C. Catalogue D. Itinerary

6. Which one of the following is correct?

A. These cattles are mine B. These cattle are mine
C. These cattles is mine D. These cattles was mine

7 All that glitters_______ not gold.

A. Was B. Is C. Will D. Shall

8. Change the voice:

They did not listen to me.
A. They do not listen to me a B. I was not listened by them
C. I am not listening to them D. They are not listened by me

9. Change the narration :

Radha said, "I am going home now."
A. Radha said that she will going home then
B. Radha said that she is going home then
C. Radha said that she was going home then
D. Radha said that she was going home now.

10. Rewrite the following by using the Present Perfect Tense :

We ______each other for past ten years. (know)
A. Have known B. Had known
C. Were known D. Have been knowing

11. Fill in the blank with the suitable word from the given options:
Can you________ this stick?
A. Brake B. Break C. Broke D. Bleak

12. If she wins the match, she______ get a lot of money.

A. Was B. Should C. Is D. Will

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 Constable 2023
1. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given phrasal verb. Lay down
A. To surrender B. To invest
C. To spend D. To save for future

2. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.
The old king decided to put off the ownership of his property to his lawful heir.
A. hold on B. look into
C. bring forth D. hand over

3. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a
grammatical error.
(1) Mrs. Malathi (2) filled out (3) the bag with (4) clothes and accessories.
A. clothes and accessories. B. filled out
C. the bag with D. Mrs. Malathi

4. The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them may contain an error. Select the part
that contains the error from the given options. If you don’t find any error, select ‘No error’ as your
answer.
(a) The bathroom/ (b) is next/ (c) to kitchen. / (d) No error.
A. No error. B. to kitchen.
C. is next D. The bathroom

5. Parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the parts in the correct order to form a
meaningful sentence. the agency are often asked (P) the formal or informal interviews (Q) attendees who
are
leaving (R) for their opinions during (S)
A. PQSR B. RQPS C. RPSQ D. PSQR

Direction (6 – 8 ):- Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Coorg, or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rainforests, spices, and
coffee plantations. Evergreen rainforests cover thirty per cent of this district. During the monsoons, it
pours enough to keep many visitors away. The season of joy commences from September and continues
till March. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. As one
story goes, a part of Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled here when return became
impractical. These people married amongst the locals and their culture is apparent in the martial
traditions, marriage and religious rites, which are distinct from the Hindu mainstream. The theory of Arab
origin draws support from the long, black coat with an embroidered waist-belt worn by the Kodavus.
Known as kuppia, it resembles the kuffia worn by the Arabs and the Kurds.

6. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM for the word ‘apparent’.

A. Seeming B. Obvious C. Possible D. Unlikely

7. The theme of the passage is:

A. rainforests of Coorg B. the land and people of Coorg
C. the evergreen forest of Coorg D. diversity of Coorg

8. Select the most appropriate synonym for the word ‘Commence’.

A. Comment B. Begin C. Middle D. Commit

Answer Key

1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B

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