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GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

SMARTFOCUS QUICK REVISION SERIES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1 Paper 1
Agriculture - (Theory)

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number………………………

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date ……………………………………

SERIES A 1
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−17 30
A

18
19
B 20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

1
SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. Give any two farming methods. (l mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. List any three ecological factors which affect crop production in Kenya. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. State the difference between soil structure and soil texture. (l mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Explain the difference between liquid capital and working capital is an agricultural production.
(l mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
5. Give four factors influencing crop rotation (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. State four types of crop field pests that commonly affect crops. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. State three deficiency symptoms of Sulphur in crop production. (1½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

2
8. State the difference between Gross National production (GNP) and Gross Domestic
Production(GDP). (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
9. Mention any three types of farm records that a farmer should keep (l ½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Give three advantages of rotational grazing. (1 ½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
11. Give two factors that determine the quality of hay. (l mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Give the beneficial effects of weeds. (1 ½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
13. State four characteristics of a fertile soil. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. State five ways of preparing planting materials before planting. (2 ½ marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

3
15. Give six factors that influence the rate of soil erosion. (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. (a) Give the steps followed in the development of a gulley. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State the two types of gulley erosion (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Name any four physiological diseases of a tomato crop. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B 20 MARKS
Answer All Questions In This Section
18.(a)Different soil samples were tested and their Ph values tabulated as shown below

Soil sample P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
pH value 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(i) Which soil sample had the highest acidity (1 mark)

ii) Which soil is suitable for growing coffee (1 mark)

4
iii) How would pH of soil sample P1 be increased (1 mark)

iv) How would pH value of soil sample P8 be reduced? (1 mark)

19. (a) State the four cardinal questions a farm manager formulates when preparing a partial
budget (2 marks)

(b) A farmer has 160 ha of arable land, 60ha of which is under wheat, 32ha under maize,
12ha under fodder crops and the rest under pasture. She wishes to know whether replacing
12 ha of maize with Irish potatoes in the following year would be worthwhile. The fertilizer
rate would have to be increased from 5 bags per ha for maize to 7 bags per ha for Irish
potatoes and an extra 100 man-days of casual labour per ha will be necessary as a result of
the change. The average yield of maize and Irish Potatoes is 45 and 115 bags/ha
respectively. The prices are Shs. 1,400 per bag for maize and Shs. 1,200 per bag for Irish
potatoes. Seed costs are Shs. 2,500 per ha for maize and Shs. 30,000 per ha for Irish
potatoes. Fertilizer costs are Shs. 1,300 per bag. Labour is paid Shs. 150 per man-day. Draw
up a partial budget and indicate the effect of the change. (6 Marks)

20. . A Farmer in Ol Joro-orok was adviced to plant maize at a spacing of 100cm by 50cm
in his one hectare piece of land
a) Calculate the plant population in his maize field. (show your working). (3 Marks)

b) Give two undesirable effects of high population density in a field of maize grown for grains
(2 marks)

5
c)A maize pest is shown in the diagram below. Study them and answer questions that follow

(a) Identify the pests in the diagram (1 mark)

(b) At what stage of maize production does the pest damage the crop (1marks)

(c) Give three way of controlling the pest. (3 marks)

SECTION C – 40 MARKKS
Answer ANY TWO questions in this section
21.a) State and explain the different methods of farming (5marks)
b. Discuss the importance of drainage as a method of reclaiming land (5marks)
c. Explain how biotic factors influence agriculture (10marks)
22. a) Outline the various uses of farm records (14marks)
b) State and explain factors considered when spacing crops (6marks)
23. Describe the production of cabbage under the following subheadings
• Ecological requirements (4marks)
• Planting/transplanting (5marks)
• Field management (4marks)
• Harvesting and marketing (7marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

6
Name: ______________________________________________________________ Adm No.: ___________________Class_________

Candidate’s Signature: __________ Date:

443/1
AGRICULTURE
Paper 1
Time: 2 hours
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
443/1 Paper 1

AGRICULTURE
SERIES A 2
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
All subjects and their answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, class and admission number, in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C.
• All answers must be written in the spaces provided in this paper.
For Examiner’s Use Only

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1−15 30

B 16−19 20
20
C 20

TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A (30 marks)
1. State four reasons why agriculture is important to Kenya’s economy. (2 marks)

6. State four causes of crop diseases. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. State four ways in which a land title deed is important to a farmer. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Give four agents of soil erosion. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give four reasons for intercropping in crop production (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. State four characteristics of extensive farming system. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Outline four minimum tillage practices (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Give four reasons why burning of land is discouraged. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. State four functions of Young Farmers Club (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Distinguish between a perfect and an imperfect market. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. State the meaning of the following terms as used in crop production.
(a) Crop rotation. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Pruning. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Rogueing. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION B (20 marks)
16. A farmer has a piece of land on which he can grow maize, cabbages and beans.
The expected yields and selling prices of the three crops are shown below.
Crop Yield (kg) Selling prices (ksh/kg)
Maize 4000 40
Cabbages 2800 60
Beans 3000 80
If the cost of producing any of the three crops is the same.
(a) Which crop should the farmer grow? Show your working. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) State the farmer’s opportunity cost. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (b) (i) above. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Give a reason why farmers always have to make a choice on the enterprise to
implement on the farm. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. A famer is advised to apply 60kg N, 20kg P2O5 and 30kg K2O per hectare. Calculate the
quantity of urea (46%N), single super phosphate (20%P2O5) and muriate of potash (50%
K2O) the farmer should apply on his 10 hectares land. (5 marks)

18. Below is a diagram showing a crop disease.

(a) Identify the crop disease. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State three control measures for the crop disease. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. The diagram below illustrates a nursery practice.

(a) Identify the practice. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Describe the procedure followed in carrying out the practice illustrated. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State two advantages of the practice illustrated above in crop production. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C (40 marks)

20 (a) Describe seven harmful effects of crop pests. (7 marks)

(b) Describe eight safety measures a farmer should observe when using herbicides to
control weeds. (8 marks)
(c) Describe the harvesting of coffee. (5 marks)

21. (a) Explain five factors that can increase the demand for tea on a market. (10 marks)
(b) State four ways of improving labour productivity on the farm (4 marks)
(c) The following information was obtained from Upendo Farm inventory on 1st
January2013.

ITEM VALUE(Ksh)
Layers 80,000
Beef cattle 240,000
Beans in store 40,000
Cash at hand 15,000
Land 550,000
Machinery 250,000
Buildings 310,000
Calves 75,000
On the same day the farm recorded the following;

ITEM VALUE(Ksh)
Wages payable 5,000
Interest payable 8,000
Bank loan 725,000
Milk sales on credit 12,000
Chicken sales on credit 6,000
Cash in bank 52,000
Purchase of fertilizer on credit 26,000
Taxes payable 3,000
Using the information provided prepare a balance sheet for Upendo Farm. (6 marks)

22. (a) Describe the field management practices for tomatoes. (10 marks)

(b) Explain ways in which the Kenyan Government can improve maize production to
ensure food security in the country. (10 marks)
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1 Paper 1
Agriculture - (Theory)

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number…………………………..

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date ……………………………………

SERIES A 3
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

1
SECTION A (30 marks)
1. Give two reasons why agriculture is looked as an artistic practice (2marks)

2. Outline two disadvantages of communal land tenure system (1mark)

3. Give three different types of soil water (1 ½ marks)

4. Give two ways of utilization of napier grass as a forage crop (1mark)

5. Give two signs of crop infestation by root nodes nematodes (1mark)

6. Name two chemicals used in water treatment (1mark)

7. a) A farmer was advised to apply 210 kg of calcium of ammonium nitrate

( CAN 21-0-0) per hectare. Calculate the amount of nitrogen required (2 marks)

2
b) Different between fertilizer grade and fertilizer ratio (2marks)

8. Give four biotic factors that influence agriculture (2marks)

9. a) Give reasons why land should be prepared early in readiness for planting (2marks)

(b) State reasons for deep ploughing during land preparation (2marks)

10. List two methods of land reclamation (2marks)

11. A form four student planted maize for her KCSE agriculture project. She use a spacing

of 75cmx25cm; her plot was 4 x3m.

(i) What does 75cm stand for in this statement (1mark)

(ii) Calculate the plant population showing your working (3marks)

12. Name two pests with piercing and sucking mouth parts (1mark)

3
13. a) Explain the form changing the cycle in coffee growing (1mark)

b) State two importance of tissue culture in crop production (1mark)

14.Why are leguminous plants preferred for green manure? (1mark)

15. i) What is opportunity cost (1mark)

ii) A farmer has an option of growing either wheat or maize in her one hectare of land.

Wheat gives a return of Kshs. 20, 000 while maize fetches Kshs. 35, 000 in the market. If

the farmer chooses to grow wheat, what will be the opportunity cost? (1mark)

16. State three control measures of maize streak disease (1.5marks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

17. The table below shows output of maize in response to increase in D.A.P fertilizers on one hectare of land.
Fixed input land Variable input Total product Average product Marginal product
(in ha) D.A.P in 30kg-bag maize yield in 90- (AP) maize in (M.P) in 90kg bag
kg bag 90kg bag
1 0 2 - -
1 1 5 - -
1 2 14 - -

4
1 3 21 - -
1 4 26 - -
a) Fill in the table for average product (A.P) and marginal products (M.P) (5marks)
18. The diagrams below illustrate irish potato seed preparation before planting. Study it carefully and answer
the questions that follow.

a) Name the practice used in preparing the seed potato above before planting. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Describe the procedure followed in preparing the seed potatoes for planting. (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Give one reason for carrying out the practice named above. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. The photograph below shows an irish potato plant attacked by a disease. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

a) Identify the disease represented by the photograph. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the causative agent of the diseases. (1mark)

5
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give one other crop that can be attacked by the same disease. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) List two control measures of the disease. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. The photographs below show common weeds C and D in pasture land. Study them carefully and answer
the questions that follow.

C D
a) Identify weeds C and D. (2marks)
C…………………………………………………D…………………………………………….
b) Classify weed D according to plant morphology. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) State the major problem posed by each of the weeds above in pasture land. (2marks)
C…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C (40MARKS)
Answer Any TWO questions in this section
21. (a) Explain FIVE cultural methods of pest control (10marks)
(b) Outline FIVE factors considered in timely planting of annual crops (10marks)
22. (a) Outline the process of land Adjudication (5marks)
a. (b) Discuss five reasons for carrying out minimum tillage. (5 marks)

6
b. Explain 5 ways in which soil losses fertility. (10 marks)
23. (a) Describe seven field management practices in tomato production. ( 7marks)
b. Outline five factors that determine water requirements in an animal’s body. ( 5 marks)
c. Describe the transplanting of tree seedlings. ( 8 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

7
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
NAME.................................................................................................... INDEX. NO........................ /..........

SCHOOL ........................................................................ STREAM…………….. ADM. NO………

443/2
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
FORM FOUR

SERIES A 4
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
all subjects and their answers
INSTRUCTIONS

Write your Name, Index Number, School, Date, Admission Number and signature in the
spaces provided above.
This paper consists of THREE Sections A, B andC.
Answer ALL the questions in Section A and B and any TWO question in Section C.
ALL answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.
FOR E XA MINER’S U S E ONL Y

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

A 1 - 16 30
B 17 - 20 20
21 20
C 22 20
23 20
Total Score 90

2 Agriculture
Paper 1
SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section:
1. State THREE influences of soil pH on crop growth. (1½ Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

3 Agriculture
Paper 1
6. List any FOUR basis for classification of crop pests (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

7. Name FOUR disadvantages of mulching. (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

9. State FOUR factors that influence crop rotation programme. (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

10. Give FOUR nursery management practices. (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Agriculture
Paper 1
11. State FOUR factors that determined spacing of crops (2 Marks)
.................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................

12. Differentiate between a complete and incomplete fertiliser. (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

13. Give FOUR objectives of land tenure reform in Kenya (2 Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

13. List THREE post-harvest practices carried out in the growing of maize. (1 ½ Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

14. Name THREE materials required during budding. (1½ Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

15. Give THREE methods of forage conservation. (1½ Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Agriculture Nyaraya,
Paper 1 2023
16. Give THREE disadvantages of using plastic pipes. (1 ½ Marks)

.................................................................................................................................................................................

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

17. The diagrams labelled A and B below illustrate some of the methods used to propagate some field crops. Study
the diagrams and use them to answer the questions that follow.
.

Shoot

Peg

A B
a) Identify the two methods of propagation. (2 Marks)

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
18. A farmer has a 2 hectare piece of land on which to grow wheat. His farm records for wheat production
for 9 year period is as follows.

Year Fertilizer Applied (50kg bags) Wheat output (90kg bags)

1999 0 4
2000 2 10
2001 4 28
2002 6 42
2003 8 52
2004 10 60
2005 12 66
2006 14 66
2007 16 64

a) (i) Using the appropriate scale draw a graph on the space provided below to show the relationship
between input and output. (3 Marks)

(ii) From the graph above, how many bags of wheat would be produced if the farmer applied 9 bags
of fertilizer. (½ Mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................................
b) Assuming the average price of wheat is Kshs. 1,000.00 per bag and the cost of fertilizer is Kshs. 1,200.00 a
bag. Calculate the gross income for the year 2002. (1 Mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................................

19. Study the illustration below of a tomato fruit as observed in field production.

i) Identify the condition illustrated above. (1 Mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................................

ii) State TWO conditions that predispose a tomato plant to the conditions stated in (a) above (1 Mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................................

iii) Suggest FOUR possible ways of controlling the condition stated in (a) above (2 Marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................................

iv) Name TWO other tomato diseases (1 Mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................
20. The diagrams below show certain varieties of a field crop. Study them and use them to answer the questions
that follow.

A B

a) Identify the field crop shown above. (1 Mark)

.............................................................................................................................................................................
SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer two questions from this section.
21. (a) Outline the factors to consider when selecting a farm enterprise. (12 Marks)
(b) Explain any four cultural methods of soil erosion control (8 Marks)

22. (a) State and explain THREE factors that influence choice of the type of irrigation to be used. (6 Marks)
(b) Sate SIX importance of farm records. (6 Marks)
(c) Describe the various management practices carried out in the nursery bed. (8 Marks)

23.(a) State and explain FIVE factors considered when choosing seed rates. (10 Marks)
(b) Explain FIVE reasons why crop rotation is important. (10 Marks)
POST-MOCK 4
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
For more post mocks for all subjects and their
answers

Available in these series are all subjects.we

also have the following
1. Predictions mocks
2. Top school trials exams
3. Replica series
4. Termly exams for all the forms
5. Topical revision exams
6. Knec past papers from 2006-2022
Name........................................................................................ Adm No.........................................
Signature............................................................... Date.............................................
443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
FORM FOUR
2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES A 5
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers
Instructions to candidates.
a) Write your name and adm number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
d) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
e) Answer any two questions in section C.
f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score

A 1 - 19 30

B 20 – 23 20

C 24 - 26 40

Total Score

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1|Page
1) State two causes of forking in carrots (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
2) Name four books of account kept by a farmer (2 mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
3) Give the element whose deficiency in plants is characterized by the following
(a) Interveinal chlorosis of the leaves (½ mark)
...........................................................................................................................................................................
(b Blossom end rot in tomatoes .........................................................................................................(1/2mark)
(c) Scorched edges of a leaf ................................................................................................................ (½mark)
4) Give four advantages of using grafting as a method of improving avocado fruits. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 Give four reasons for using certified seeds for planting. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………........................................................................................................................................................
6) List three methods used to control weeds in pastures. (1 ½ mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) State two reasons for conserving forage crops. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8) State four effects of high level of education and technology on agriculture (2marks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
9) State four features that characterize subsistence farming (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

2|Page
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
10) Name three aspects of light that affect agricultural production (11/2marks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
11. Give four farming practices in agriculture that destroy soil structure (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

12. State four characteristics of clay soil (2mks)

............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
13. Give three reasons for erecting a shade over a nursery bed (11/2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
14. State three characteristics of good root stock (11/2)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
15.Name three tertiary operations in land preparations (11/2)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
16. State four reasons for sub-soiling. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
17.Give four importance of seed selection (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
18. Outline four factors that determine the time of planting (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
19.State four ways in which land reform can be implemented in Kenya (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
20. Study the methods of crop propagation illustrated below and answer the questions that follow

Glass
scion container
roots
Banana
plantlet
Root stock
Culture
medium
3
1 Developing
roots
2
a) Identify the methods of crop propagation illustrated above
1....................................................................................................................................(1mk)
2....................................................................................................................................(1mk)
3....................................................................................................................................(1mk)
b) Give one condition under which method (1) above is carried out. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................

c) State two disadvantages of using stem cuttings for planting. (1mk)

4|Page
a) Identify the diagram shown above (1mk)

(a) Identify the pathogen causing symptoms shown in diagrams labeled P and Q. (1mk)

P –_______________________________ Q –______________________________________

(b) Give the name of the disease whose symptoms are indicated in diagrams P and Q. (1mk)

P - _______________________________ Q – _______________________________________
(c) State two harmful effects of crop disease shown in diagram Q. (2mks)

5|Page
............................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
23. Below is a diagram of a clamp silo. Study it carefully and then answer the
following questions.

i)(a) What is the use of the soil layer at the sides? (1mk)
........................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Why should the top of the silage material be arched or slopping? (1mk)

........................................................................................................................................................................

(d) How is high temperatures reduced in the silo during ensiling process? (1mk)
........................................................................................................................................................................
(e) Give two reasons why molasses are added while making silage using Napier. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

24. (a) State four major questions a farm manager needs to ask and answer while preparing a partial
budget (4mks)
(b) Under what conditions is partial budget an appropriate tool for planning (4mks)
(c) A farmer has 160 ha of land, 60 ha of which is under wheat, 32 ha under maize, 12ha under
fodder crops and the rest under pastures. She wishes to know whether replacing 12 ha of maize with
irish potatoes the following year would be worthwhile. The fertilizer would have to be increased
from 5 bags per ha for maize to 7 bags per ha for irish potatoes and an extra 100 man –days of
casual labour per ha will be necessary as a result of the change. The average yield of maize and
irish potatoes is 45 and 115 bags/ha respectively. The prices are Shs. 1400 per bag for maize and

6|Page
Ksh.1200 per bag for irish potatoes seed costs are Sh.2500 per ha for maize and Shs. 30,000 per ha
for irish potatoes. Fertilizer costs are Shs.1300 per bag. Labour is paid at Shs. 150 per man-day.
Draw up a partial budget and indicate the effects of the change (12mks)

25 a) Explain five factors that influence soil productivity. (10mks)

b) Outline five factors that a farmer would consider before deciding on the type of
irrigation in crop production. (5mks)

c) Describe the qualities of the mother plant that should be considered when selecting
vegetative material for planting. (5mks)

26 a) Explain cultural measures used in the control of weeds in a field of

Cereal crop. (10mks)
b) Explain six factors that can influence a well designed crop rotational program.
(6mks)
c) Give four reasons why timely ploughing of the seedbed is important in crop
production. (4mks)

7|Page
NAME ………………………………………………...…………………..…….… ADM.NO…………………
SCHOOL…………………………… STREAM……………………… INDEX NO…………………………

Sign:…………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………..

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
2 HOURS
SERIES A 6
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your name and Adm. Number in the spaces provided above.

2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.

3. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C

4. Answer all the questions in section A and B

5. Answer any two questions in section C

For Examiner’s use only
Section Questions MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S SCORE
SCORE
A 1 - 16 30
B 17 - 20 20
C 21 20
22 20
23 20
Total Score
90

1
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SECTION A (30 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. State 4 types of Financial Documents used in the farm. (2 marks)

2
Champions Jet FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706
4. Distinguish between a Perfect Market and Imperfect Market (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………..………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. State 4 sites recommended when planting Agroforestry Trees (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. (a) Give three minimum tillage practices (1 ½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) A farmer plants maize on his piece of land measuring 40m by 30m at a seed rate
of 1 seed per hole. If he used a spacing of 75cm by 25cm, calculate this plant
population. (1 ½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Give four reasons for conserving forage (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
3
Champions Jet FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706
8. State 2 methods of Pruning crops (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………......
9. (a) State 4 disadvantages of using seeds as planting materials (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Give 4 factors to consider when selecting materials for planting (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. State 2 importance of Tissue Culture in Crop propagation (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. State 4 information contained in the land register and title deed. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. (a) State 2 main causes of silage loses. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4
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(b) state two ways by which a soil of PH 3 can be raised to a PH of 6 (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
13. State 2 characteristics of a good root stock for grafting. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Give 4 functions of Farmers Co-operative Societies (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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15. Give a reason why ranching is an improvised pastoral nomadism. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. State four factors that determine the seed rate during planting (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

5
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SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17. The diagram below shows a section of a plant from which the planting material
illustrated was obtained.

a. Identify the planting material illustrated (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Give 2 reasons why only the middle part was used to prepare the planting material
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Apart from using the middle part of the plant, explain two other precautions that
should be considered when preparing the planting material above (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

18. The diagram below illustrates a feature observed after digging the soil several meters
deep. Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

6
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a. Identify the feature that the diagram above represents in the study of soil. (1
marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Name the parts of the diagram labeled A and C (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

c. State 2 ways in which the knowledge of the above feature would be of benefit
to a farmer (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Below is a diagram showing a crop disease

a. Identify the crop disease above (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Name the causal organism of the disease identified in (a) above (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
c. State three control measures for the crop disease (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
7
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20. The following illustrations show different production function curves in agricultural
economics. Study them and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the production function curves labelled A and B. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What does the law derived from the production function labelled C state? (1
mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) (i) Which one of the three production function curves is rare in Agriculture?
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i) above. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer only two questions in this section in the spaces provided.

21. (a) Explain five factors that should be considered in farm planning (10 marks)
(b) Describe the procedure of harvesting tea (5 marks)

8
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(c) Explain five factors that should be considered when sitting a vegetable nursery (5
marks)
22. (a) Explain ways in which:
i. HIV/AIDS limits agricultural production (4 marks)
ii. Government policy improves agricultural production (4 marks)

(b) The following accounts information is from Mr. Kilunda’s farm for the year ended 31 – 12 –

2003.

Opening valuation Ksh. 6,000/=

Paid wages Ksh. 5000/=

Bought equipment worth Ksh. 8,000/=

Bought pig feeds worth Ksh. 4,000/=

Sold mature pigs worth Ksh. 7,000/=

Bought drugs worth Ksh. 3,200/=

Sold maize worth Ksh. 3,000/=

Closing valuation Ksh. 4,000/=

Using the information above, prepare a profit and loss account for Mr.

Kilunda’s farm (6 marks)

(c) Give six importance of farm records (6 marks)

23. (a) Explain seven physical methods of pest control. (7 marks)
(b) outline five factors that contribute to the competitive ability of weeds (5 marks)
(c) Describe production of Onions under the following sub-headings
i. Ecological requirements (4 marks)
ii. Field management (4 marks)

9
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NAME_________________________ADM_____________INDEX NO___________________

443/1
AGRICULTURE
paper 443/2
TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES A 7
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers

Instructions:
-This paper has three sections A,B and C.
- Answer all questions in sections A and B.
-Answer any two questions in section C.

For Examiners use:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM STUDENTS
SCORE SCORE

A 1-16 30
B 17-20 20
C 21 20
22 20
23 20
TOTAL 90

Candidates should ascertain that the paper has 7 printed pages

SECTIONA:(30MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section
a) State four importance of keeping livestock healthy. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Distinguish between the following practices as used in livestock production.
a) Crutching and ringing in sheep management. (1mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Steaming up and flushing. (1mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. State 3 observable features that help to differentiate the Dromedary camel from the Bactrian camel
(1½mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Name two functions of the crop in digestive system of chicken. (1 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. a) Give three reasons for candling eggs in poultry production. ( ½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State three qualities of the shell that should be considered when selecting eggs for incubation
(1½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Give four predisposing factors to mastitis in dairy cattle (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Outline four mechanical methods of controlling ticks. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. State four structural features of idea calf pen (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give two problems associated with tractor hire services. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give the functions of following farm tools and equipments. (2mks)
i) Sickle……………………………………………………………………………
ii) Strip cup…………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Claw hammer………………………………………………………………………….

iv) Mason’s trowel……………………………………………………………………………

11. State four properties of a good vaccine. (2mks)

12. Give four factors that affect digestibility of feeds in animals. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Outline four farm structures that are necessary for handling dairy animals. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Give three ways in which farmers market beef cattle in Kenya. (1½mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

15. List four farm implements attached to power take off(PTO) (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. State four practices that afarmer should carry out to reduce egg eating in poultry house.(2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTIONB:(20MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17. A farmer wants to prepare 500kg of calf rearing ration containing 22%DCP using rice
bran(10%DCP) and simsim seed cake(35%DCP).How much of each feedstuff should the farmer purchase
to prepare the ration (show your working) (5mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The diagram below illustrates livestock rearing practices. Study it carefully and answer the questions that
follow:-

a) Identify the operation carried out on the part labeled A (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give two reasons for carrying out the operation identified in (a) above (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Mention one problem that would occur if the operation that should be carried out on part labeled B is
not carried out (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) State one precautions that should be observed when shearing wool on part labeled C (1mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The diagrams below illustrate behavior of chicks in abrooder

a. Describe the behavior of chicks in brooders labeled Q, R and S (3mks)

b. Mention two other observable behavior in chicks in brooder labeled P other than the behavior shown
above (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The diagram below represents an important farms structure. Study it and the answer. Study it
and answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify the farm structure (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Label the parts. B and D (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State two maintenance practices carried out in the structure above. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C:(40MKS)

Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided.

21. a)Describe parts and functions of a plunge dips (14mks)
b)State six advantages of live fences. (6mks)

22. a) Describe the management of one day old chicks in a brooder until they are eight weeks.(12mks)
b) Explain four causes of cannibalism in poultry production. (8mks)

23. a) Describe Newcastle disease under the following sub–headings.

(i) i) Causal organism (1mk)
(ii) ii) Signs of infection (7mks)
(iii) iii)Control measures (2mks)
b) Explain five factors to consider when selecting a breeding stock. (10mks)
Name: ………………………………………………….. Adm No: ……………………………………
School: …………………………………………………. Class: ……………………………………….
Date: …………………………………………………… Sign: ………………………………………..
443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES A 8
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
For more post mocks for all subjects and their answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write date of examination in spaces provided.
3. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
4. Answer all questions in section A and B and any other two questions in section C.
5. Candidates must answer the questions in English.
6. All answers should be written in spaces provided.

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE

A 1-17 30
B 18-21 20
C 22-24 40
TOTAL 90
SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Give four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.........................................................................................................................................................................

2. Distinguish between GDP and GNP (2marks)

(ii) Seed dressing

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Name four types of terraces (2marks)

5. Name the routine field practice done by;

(a) Removal of extra suckers in a banana stool (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
(b) Removal of old stems down to level of top foliage in pyrethrum (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
(c) Removal of suckers from coffee bushes (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. State three characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers (1.5marks)

7. Explain the relationship between scarcity and choice as used in agricultural economics (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Outline four ways by which crop pests are classified (2marks)

9. State four advantages of land consolidation (2marks)

10. Outline three benefits derived from trees used in agroforestry (1½marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.........................................................................................................................................................................

11. State four practices which improve light intensity in crop production (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.........................................................................................................................................................................
12. Give four factors that influence the quality of hay (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.........................................................................................................................................................................

13. Outline two other methods of conserving forage in the farm (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

14. State four factors that determine the demand of a commodity in a free market (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
.........................................................................................................................................................................

15. Give four varieties of tomatoes grown for processing (2marks)

16. State two advantages of mixed farming (1mark)

17. Name any two land tenure systems practiced in Kenya

(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
18. Illustrated below is a method of turning compost. Study the method and answer the questions that
follow.

(a) Identify the method (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….................
(b) Using arrows in the diagram, show how the turning is done before the manure can be taken to the
field (2marks)
(c) After how long should the compost be ready for use (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Apart from the above named type of organic manure, name any other two types of organic manure
(1mark)
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19. Below is a diagram of a tertiary operation. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the operation (1mark)
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(ii) Explain the process of performing the operation (1mark)
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(iii) Name the implement that can be used to achieve the operation (1mark)
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(iv) State the importance of carrying out the operation (2marks)
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20. Below is the diagram of a planting material. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Label the parts labelled i, ii and iii (3marks)
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(b) State two factors that determine seed rate (2marks)

21. Below is the set up of three different types of soil.

(a) State the aim of the experiment (1mark)

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(b) State two ways of improving the soil structure labelled Z (1mark)
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(c) Name three processes of rock weathering (3marks)

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. Study the following information which was extracted from Mr Kibui’s farm records on 30th
November 2022 and answer the questions that follow.
Loans payable to bank Ksh.300,000
Five milking cows Ksh.250,000
400 layers Ksh.80,000
20 goats Ksh.30,000
Debts payable to cooperative Ksh.20,000
Buildings and structures Ksh.600,000
Bonus payable to workers Ksh.19,000
Cattle feed in store Ksh.10,000
Animals drugs in store Ksh.4,000
Breakages to repair Ksh.30,000
Cash at hand Ksh.20,000
Cash in bank Ksh.30,000
Spray equipment Ksh.12,000
Debts receivable Ksh.18,000

(a) Prepare a balance sheet for Mr Kibui’s farm using the information above (8marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Was Mr Kibui’s business concern solvent or insolvent (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Name any other financial statement that can be found in Mr Kibui’s farm (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) Describe five factors to consider in siting farm structures (10marks)

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23.(a) Describe the procedure of silage making (5marks)

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(b) State five effects of wind on crop production (5marks)

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(c) State five precautions that should be observed when harvesting cotton (5marks)
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(d) Why should it be advisable to use a nursery in crop production (5marks)

24. State five ways through which a farmer can adjust to risks and uncertainties in farming (5marks)
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(b) Describe the marketing functions in agricultural economics (5marks)

(c) Describe the safety precautions a farmer should take when using herbicides (5marks)
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(d) Explain five physical methods of pest control (5marks)
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NAME:………………………………………….. INDEX NO…………………………
SCHOOL:……………………………………… CANDIDATE’S SIGN ……………..
DATE ………………………………
443/1
AGRICULTURE
Paper 1

Time: 2 Hours

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES A9
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
For more post mocks for all subjects and their answers

443/1
AGRICULTURE
Paper 1
2023
Time: 2 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3. This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C
4. Answer all the questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C
5. Answers should be written in the spaces provided.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

A 1 – 16 30

B 17-20 20
C 21-23 20
20
Total Score 90

1|Page
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
(Answer all the questions from this section)
1. State two causes of hard pan in the farm. (1 mark)

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State four information contained in a delivery note. (2 marks)

3. Give four advantages of using certified seeds in crop production. (2 marks)

4. Give four disadvantages of minimum tillage. (2 marks)

2|Page
5. State four conditions under which shifting cultivation is practiced. (2 marks)

6. Give four importance of sub-soiling. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
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7. State three conditions under which opportunity cost is zero. (11/2 marks)

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8. State four methods of harvesting water on the farm. (2 marks)

9. Name three basis on which the classification of fertilizers is done. (11/2 narks)

3|Page
10. Outline four advantages of land reforms in Kenya. (2 marks)

11. State two causes of forking in carrots. (1 mark)

12. (a). State three types of capital. (11/2 marks)

(b). Apart from capital, state other three factors of production. (11/2 marks)

13. State four reasons for conserving forage. (2 marks)

4|Page
14. State four factors that affect the efficiency of herbicides. (2 marks)

15. Give four scientific aspects of agriculture. (2 marks)

16. Name four methods of harvesting trees in agroforestry. (2 marks)

5|Page
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
(Answer all the questions from this section)
17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the method of irrigation illustrated above. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two advantages of this method of irrigation. (2 marks)

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c) Give four factors which determine the choice of type of irrigation to use. (2 marks)

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18. The diagram below shows a common weed in the farm. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.

6|Page
a) Identify the weed shown above. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) State one harmful effect of the weed to cereals. (1 marks)

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c) Give three ways that can be used to control the weed. (3 marks)

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19. The diagram below shows irish tubers after being subjected to some conditions before
transplanting. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.

7|Page
(a). Name the process of potato treatment illustrated above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b). State two conditions necessary for the above process. (2 marks)

(c). Give two reasons for carrying out the above practice. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Students were to apply a compound fertilizer 5:20:10 on their agriculture plot measuring
3 m by 4 m, at the rate of 200kg per hectare.
(a). Calculate the amount of fertilizer they would require for each plot. (Show your
working). (2 marks)
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(b). What do figures 20 and 10 in the fertilizer stand for? (2 marks)
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(c) Give two methods of soil sampling. (1 mark)

8|Page
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
(Answer any two questions from this section)
21. (a) Describe ways in which cultural measures control crop diseases (8mks)
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(b) Describe seven nursery practices carried out while seedlings are still growing.
(7marks)
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9|Page
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(c) State the qualities of a good farm manager. (5 marks)
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22. a) Describe the field production of bulb onions under the following sub headings.
i. Ecological requirements. (4 marks)
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ii. Planting. (3 marks)
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iii. Harvesting. (3 marks)

10 | P a g e
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(b). Discuss six reasons for pruning in coffee. (6 marks)
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(c). Highlight four characteristics of plants used as green manure. (4 marks)
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23. (a). Briefly explain six factors influencing mass wasting. (6 marks)
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11 | P a g e
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(b). Describe the procedure of harvesting sugar cane. (6 marks)
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(c). Describe four ways in which soil depth influences crop production. (8 marks)
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12 | P a g e
NAME: …………………………………………INDEX NO: ………………

DATE: …………………

SIGNATURE: …………

AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES A 10
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706 OR 0726960003
for all subjects and their answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

(a) Write your name and Index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of THREE sections A, B and C.
(d) Answer ALL questions in Section A and B.
(e) Answer any TWO questions in section C.
(f) Answers should be written in the spaces provided.
(g) This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
(h) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and no questions are missing.
(i) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTIONS MAX. SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE
A 1 – 15 30
B 16 – 20 20
C 20
20
Total 90
Score

1
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL Questions in the Spaces Provided

1. Differentiate between olericulture and pomoculture. (2mks)

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2. Give four reasons why a well drained soil is suitable for crop production. (2mks)
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3. State four reasons for deep ploughing during land preparation. (2mks)
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4. Name four types of water pumps which can be used on the farm. (2mks)
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5. State four characteristics that make a crop suitable for green manuring. (2mks)
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6. List any four pieces of information which should be shown on Health record. (2mks)
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7. Give four reasons for seed selection in crop production. (2mks)

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2
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. List five management practices carried out on a kale nursery two weeks after its
establishment. (2½mks)
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9. Differentiate between rogueing and thinning. (2mks)
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10. Name three diseases that attack cabbage. (1½mks)
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11. State four ecological requirements of tomatoes. (2mks)
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12. List four factors that will lower demand of a commodity. (2mks)
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13. State four routine practices of care and management of trees. (2mks)
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14. State four ways by which a farmer can make efficient use of a pasture crop. (2mks)
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15. List four pieces of information found on a title deed. (2mks)
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3
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this section

16. The illustration below shows a newly constructed cut-off drain. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

(a) (i) How can part of the structure labeled B be stabilized after it has been constructed?
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Identify the part of the cut-off drain labeled A. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........
(b) Describe the procedure of constructing a cut-off drain. (2mks)
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17. The diagram below shows a house water storage tank. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.

(a) Identify the parts of the tank labeled:

4
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
H:……………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
K:……………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
(b) Give the function of the part labeled J. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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18. The experiment below was set to compare the porosity and water holding capacity of three
different types of soils.

(i) Identify the soils in each of the following funnels labeled. (1½mks)
X:……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Y:……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Z:………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Which of the types of soil can be said to have the highest porosity rate? (½mk)
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(iii) Give reasons for your answers in (ii) above. (2mks)
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(iv) Which type of soil would be suitable for planting paddy rice? (1mk)
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(v) Explain your answer in (iv) above. (1mk)
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19. Below is a diagram of a Common East African Weed.

5
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
(i) Identify the weed illustrated above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Give one harmful effect of the weed illustrated above to livestock. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State two methods of controlling the weed illustrated above. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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20. The diagrams below illustrate some soil structures. Study them and answer the questions
that follow.

(a) Identify the soil structures F and G. (1mk)

F:………………………………………………………………………………………………..
G:………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Name the part labeled X and Y in diagram F. (1mk)
X:………………………………………………………………………………………………
Y:……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) State two ways through which structure G influence crop production. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided

21. (i) Describe the field production of irrigated rice under the following sub-headings:
(a) Field preparation. (6mks)
(b) Water control (3mks)
(c) Field management (5mks)
(ii) Describe the precautions taken while harvesting:
(a) Pyrethrum (3mks)
(b) Tea (3mks)

22. (a) Name two types of inventory records in the farm. (1mk)
(b) Explain six importance of farm budgeting. (6mks)
(c) The inventory for Kipsinende farm as at 01.06.2011

6
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
Kshs.
Cash at hand 5,000
Broilers 30,000
Maize in store 7,000
Calves 15,000
Dairy cattle 120,000
Buildings 75,000
Machinery 95,000
Land 200,000
On the same day, the following information was obtained from the farmers records
Kshs.
Interest payable 2,000
Cash in the bank 20,000
Taxes payable 750
Wages payable 5,600
Bank loan 213,000
Egg sales on credit 10,000
Milk sales on credit 13,000
Farm inputs purchased on credit 19,800
Vegetable sales on credit 5,000
Required: Prepare a balance sheet for the farm. (13mks)

23. (a) Outline the process of treating water for domestic use using chemical treatment
system. (12mks)
(b) Explain five physical factors that increases the rate of soil erosion in a farm. (5mks)
(c) Explain how monoculture leads to loss of soil nutrients. (3mks)

7
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 1
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1-18 30

B 19-22 20

C 20

TOTAL SCORE 90

Page | 1
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
1. Name four biotic factors that influence agriculture negatively. (2marks)
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2. State four activities that may be undertaken in organic farming. (2marks)
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3. Give four reasons for early preparation of a seedbed in crop production. (2marks)
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4. Give two reasons why crops do not do well in waterlogged soils. (1mark)
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5. Name four farming practices that may lead to soil erosion. (2marks)
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6. Give four causes of poor drainage on farmland. (2marks)
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7. State four advantages of a mixed grass legume pasture over a pure grass pasture. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Give a solution for each of the following properties of nitrogenous fertilizer when applying to
crops.
1
a) Easily leached to lower horizons. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
1
b) Are highly volatile. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
1
c) Are hygroscopic. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Page | 2
9. Give two ways in which records help farmers to obtain loans from money lending agencies.
(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. State four benefits of land consolidation. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11. State four ways in which humus is beneficial to a growing crop. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. State four disadvantages of chemical pest control. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
13. Define the term ‘’integrated pest management’’ (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. State four factors considered when selecting planting material for forage crops. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. State four disadvantages of broadcasting seeds during planting. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. Name two sources of underground water. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State four factors that would determine the number of secondary cultivations to be carried
out on a seedbed before planting. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page | 3
18. State two characteristics of a good vegetable seedling. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

19. A member of the young farmers’ club was advised to apply a complete compound fertilizer
30-20-10 in a tomato plot measuring 10m by 5m at the rate of 300kg per hectare.
a) Give the percentage of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (𝑃2 𝑂5 ) in the fertilizer.
(2marks)
Nitrogen (N) ………………………………………………………………………………..
Phosphorus pentoxide (𝑃2 𝑂5 )………………………………………………………………
b) Calculate the amount of fertilizer the member would require for the plot. (3marks)

20. The diagram below illustrates a field management practice in tomatoes. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.

Page | 4
a) Identify the field practice. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name two materials used in the practice illustrated above. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State three reasons for carrying out the practice above. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Below is a photograph of a weed. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the weed above. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Why is the weed above difficult to control? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give two ways in which the weed above can be controlled in a field of maize. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Classify the weed basing on its morphology. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The diagram below is of a tea cutting. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Page | 5
a) Which part of the branch is most appropriate for raising a new seedling. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give a reason why farmers are advised to raise tea cuttings in polythene sleeves. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) State two factors that affect the rooting of the cutting above. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

23. a) Describe the production of tomatoes under the following sub-headings.
i) Varieties (2 marks)
ii) Nursery establishment (4 marks)
iii) Transplanting (4 marks)
b) Discuss the effects of wind in Agriculture. (6 marks)
c) State four reasons for mulching. (4 marks)

24. a) Describe four types of soil erosion. (9 marks)

b) Outline the precautions taken when harvesting cotton. (4 marks)
c) Describe seven factors considered when selecting bean seeds for planting. (7 marks)

25. a) State and explain four environmental factors affecting the effectiveness of
herbicides (8 marks)
b) Describe five factors that determine the quality of farm yard manure. (6 marks)
c) State six disadvantages of communal land tenure system. (6 marks)

Page | 6
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 2
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that
no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For Examiner’s Use Only

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE SCORE

SCORE

A 1-19 30

B 20-23 20

C 20

TOTAL SCORE 90

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Page 1 of 13
Answer all questions in this section on the spaces provided
1. State four factors considered when identifying a farming system (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What is training as used in crop production (1 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Name two types of planting materials. (1 mark)
………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Give two ways in which soil structure influences crop production . (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. State four importance of raising seedlings in a nursery bed . (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. State one importance of soil colour in crop production. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Mention three methods of primary cultivation (1½ marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Give four reasons why green manures are not commonly used by farmer to enrich the soil (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. a) State four factors considered when designing a crop rotational programme. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Give two reasons why maize should not be alternated with rice in a rotational programme. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
10. State four importance of organic matter in the soil . (2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. a) What is seed scarification . (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Give three ways of achieving seed scarification. (1½ marks)
...................................................................................................................................................................

Page 2 of 13
..................................................................................................................................................................

12. Give three types of information contained in a labour record ( 1½ marks)

.................................…………………………………………………………………………………......
..............................……………………………………………………………………………………….
...............................……………..……………………………………………………………………….

13. a) What is “government policy” as used in agriculture (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Give three ways in which the government regulates the production and sale of agricultural goods.
(1½ marks)
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
14. State three ways of modifying the soil pH . (1½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. State two effects of bacteria on crop production (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Differentiate between rolling and ridging as used in crop production. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Name three poor farming practices that lead to water pollution in the farm. ( 1½ marks)
..……………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. What is “topping” as used in forage production (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. List two ways through which water is collected and stored in most farms (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
...................................................................................................................................................................
SECTION B ( 20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section on the spaces provided
20. Below is a diagram of sorghum seedling that has been attacked by a certain pest

a) Identify the pest (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Identify the developmental stage of the pest named in (a) above that causes the damage. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) State the damage that has been caused by the pest named in (a) above. (1 mark)

Page 3 of 13
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Give two control measures that can be used to control the pest named in (a) above . (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. The illustration below shows materials used in vegetative propagation, labelled A and B

Xx X
Y

a) i) Identify the vegetative materials A and B

A ………………………………………………………………...……………………. (½ mark)
B.................................................................................................................................... (½ mark)
ii) Name the parts labelled X and Y
X ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ( ½ mark)
Y ……………..………………………………………………………………………….. ( ½ mark)
iii) Name the preparation method used to get the vegetative material B (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

iv) State two disadvantages of using vegetative materials for planting ( 2marks)
....................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

22. The illustration below shows a tomato fruit affected by a disease or a condition

a) Identify the condition illustrated (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………..……………………………………….
.. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State three conditions that predispose a tomato plant to the condition stated in (a) above
(3 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….......
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
......................................................................................................................................................
c) Name two other diseases that affect tomatoes (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………......

Page 4 of 13
23. Below is an illustration showing a soil sampling method. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) What method of soil sampling is represented above (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Outline two areas which should be avoided during soil sampling (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the two sets of information that should accompany the composite soil sample to the laboratory
for analysis. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 26.
24. a) Explain the advantages of grass-legume pastures over a pure grass pasture . (8 marks)
b. Describe the effects of fragmentation and sub-division of land in our country. (6 marks)
c) Explain six biotic factors that influence agricultural production. (6 marks)

25. a) Explain the process of treating water in the farm using the chemical treatment system. (12 marks)
b) Explain six physical factors that increases the rate of soil erosion in farm. (6 marks)
c) Explain how monoculture leads to loss of soil nutrients . (2 marks)

26. a) Explain ten precautions that a farmer should observe when using farm chemicals . (10 marks)
b) Give five reasons for pruning in coffee production. (5 marks)
c) Describe five factors that influence soil formation . (5 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

Page 5 of 13
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 3
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
that no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1-18 30
B 19-22 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com

433/1 1 Turn Over

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1. Which branch of Agriculture deals with:

(a) Utilization of scarce resources (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Maintenance of farm tools and equipment (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give the meaning of the following terms:-

(a) Pomology (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Apiculture (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Plantation farming (1mk)

3. Distinguish between a dam and a weir (1mk)

4. Give four advantages of high level of education and technology in farming (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

5. (a) What is mixed farming? (1mk)

(b) Give two disadvantages of mixed farming to a small scale farming (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

6. What is meant by the term “changing the cycle” in coffee growing (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Give four advantages of using seeds as planting materials (2mks)

8. Give two reasons why a farmer should intercrop maize and beans (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

433/1 2 Turn Over

…………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State two unusual areas that should be avoided when soil sampling (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give a reason why nitrogenous fertilizers should:

(i) Be stored under dry conditions (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Be applied frequently (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Be applied on moist soils (1/2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

11. State two post harvest practices of maize (2mks)

12. a) What is land tenure? (1/2mk)

b) State three types of individual tenure system in Kenya (1 ½ mk)

13. State four factors considered when selecting planting materials for forage crops
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State three uses of a garden rake in preparation of a nursery bed (1½mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

15. State four ways in which minimum tillage can be achieved: (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Give two ways a farmer would improve the soil structure of a water logged clay soil
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State two characteristics of a cutting for vegetable propagation (1mk)

433/1 3 Turn Over

18. State two uses of mulch materials in soil and water conservation (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

19. Below is a method in crop improvement in crop production. Study it carefully and answer questions
that follow:-

a) Identify the practice (1 mark)

b) Identify the parts labeled K and L (2mks)

c) Explain three advantages of the above practice in crop production (3mks)

20. Below are weeds. Study them carefully and answer questions that follow

a) Identify weeds labeled S, T, U , and P (2mks)

S……………………………………………… (1/2mk)
T……………………………………………… (1/2mk)
U……………………………………………… (1/2mk)
P……………………………………………… (1/2mk)

433/1 4 Turn Over

b) Explain three factors which contribute to the competitive ability of weeds
(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
21. a) A crop was spaced at 90cm x 30cm.
Calculate the plant population of this crop in one hectare of land.
Show your working (2mks)
b) State two practices used to maintain the required plant population in a given area
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) What is the importance of maintaining optimum plant population (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Below is a method of irrigation. Study it carefully and answer questions that follow

a) Identify the method (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Other than the above method, give any other two types of surface irrigation
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give two ways in which the above method of irrigation can be maintained
(2mks)
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
ATTEMPT ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THE SPACE PROVIDED
23. Describe the production of bulb onions under the following sub-headings
(i) Varieties (1mk)
ii) Land preparation (2mks)
iii) Field management practices (8mks)
iv) Outline the steps followed in silage making (9mks)
24. a) Outline cultural pests control methods in crops (5mks)
b) Explain eight uses of farm records (8mks)
c) Explain seven effects of strong winds in agriculture (7mks)
25. a) Describe the production of carrot under the following sub-headings
i) Land preparation (2mks)
ii) Harvesting (3mks)
b) Describe the sowing of vegetable seeds in a nursery bed (5mks)
c) Outline methods of draining water logged soils (5mks)
d) Explain how each of the following climatic factors affect agricultural production

i) Light (3mks)
ii) Low temperatures (2mks)

433/1 5 Turn Over

GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 4
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A and B.
Answer any two questions in section C.
All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.
Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com

FOR EXAMINER'S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTIONS MAX SCORE CANDIDATE’S
SCORE

A 1-15 30

B 16-19 20

C 20 20

21 20

22 20

TOTAL 90

1
SECTION A (30MKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTION
1. List four practices carried out in ranching as an improved system of nomadic pastoralism (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………
………………………
2. State four ways by which government policy influences agriculture (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
3. Name four ways by which plants harness more light intensity (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………
………………………
4. State four ways through which farmers reduce the effects of water shortage during crop production
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………
5. State four ways of improving a sandy soil for crop production (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State four effects of soil PH in crop production (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Give four reasons why it is advantageous to use farm yard manure instead of straight fertilizer. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
8. State four methods of reclamation farmers can carry out. (2marks)
9. State four benefits of land consolidation. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………
10. State four factors that determine the spacing of maize crops. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………
11. State four factors which may affect the quality of hay. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
12. State four factors that affect the effectiveness of a pesticide. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……

2
13. State four importance of practicing agroforestry. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
14. Name four natural factors that may influence soil erosion. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
15. State two conditions that should be observed when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of high quality.
(2marks)
SECTION B 20 MARKS
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
16. The photograph below illustrate a seed potato prepared for planting. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

(a) Name the practice used to prepare the seed potato above for planting (1mark)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Describe the procedure followed in preparing the seed potatoes for planting (4marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………...…………………………………………………………………………...…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
17. The photograph below illustrate a type of erosion. study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the type of erosion (1mark)

…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
3
(b) How does the type of erosion shown above occur (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) How does planting of grass help to control the type of erosion shown (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………...…………………………………………………………………………...…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The photograph below illustrate a method of irrigation. study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the method of irrigation illustrated above (1mark)

…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two advantages of using the above method of irrigation (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Give two maintenance practices carried out on the above method of irrigation (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Below is a photograph showing harvesting of trees in agroforestry. Study it and answer questions
that follow

(a) Identify the practice (1mark)

4
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two other methods used in harvesting agroforestry trees (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………...…………………………………………………………………………...…………
(c) Give two sites where agroforestry trees are planted (2marks)
…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
20. a) Outline seven roles of a good farm manager (7marks)
b) Explain problems encountered in the marketing of cabbages. (9marks)
c) Explain four factors that make weeds propagate successfully. (4marks)
21. a) Give four agricultural practices that pollute water (4marks)
b) Explain the factors that determine a crop rotation programme in crop production (8marks)
c) State four advantages of overhead irrigation (4marks)
b) State four disadvantages of communal land tenure (4marks)
22. a) Describe the production of maize under the following sub heading.
i) Land preparation (4 marks)
ii) Planting (4 marks)
b) Describe physical methods used in pest control (6 marks)
c) Discuss the post harvesting practices that should be carried out on cereals crop before storage
(6 marks)

5
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 5
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A and B.
Answer any two questions in section C.
All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For examiner’s use only
Section Questions Maximum score Candidate score
A 1 -16 30
B 17 -20 20
C 20

20
Total score 90

SECTION A 30 MARKS.ANSWER ALL QUESTION

Page 1 of 5
1.Name four methods of farming. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.State two crop production practices that can be carried out to maintain optimum plant
population. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.What is a micro catchment? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.State any four details contained in a delivery note. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5(a) What is meant by the term Agroforestry? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State four ways in which land reform can be implemented in kenya (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. State two examples for each of the following types of cost incurred in poultry production
a) variable cost (1marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Fixed cost (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….......................................................
7. Name three sources of underground water (1½marks)
…………………………..…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8.State three causes of blossom end of rot in tomatoes (1½marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give four qualities of a good green manuring plant (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 2 of 5
……………………………………………………………………………........................................
............................................................................................................................................................
10.State two pests that attack cabbages (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.Distinguish between pinching out and coppicing as used in crop production (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State four advantages of growing maize in rows instead of broadcasting. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.What is integrated pest management (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.Name four types of water pumps which can be used in the farm. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.Name four factors that influence soil erosion. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16a). List four problems associated with nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name four factors of production in agriculture. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B 20 MARKS (ANSWER ALL QUESTION)

17.The table below shows the population and gross domestic products of countries A and B
Country Gross Domestic product Population
(million Ksh) (million)
A 1800 36
B 1200 15

(a) Calculate the per capita income for each country show your working (2marks)

Page 3 of 5
(b) Which of the two countries is more developed economically (1mark)
…………………………………..…………………………………………………………
(c) Give a reason for your answer in (b) above (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) How can agriculture increase the gross domestic product of a country (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
18.The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil type Q, R and S and the
observations made after 24 hours. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that
follow.

(a). The experiment set up above is designed to study what? (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b). Name the soil types S and Q (2marks)

S……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c). What are the characteristic texture of soil type R and S?
R …………………………………………………………………………………….… (1 mark)
S ………………………………………………………………………………………...(1 mark)
19.a) Identify two methods of plucking table formation in tea establishment (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Diagram below show crop production practices. Study and answer question that follow.
A

Page 4 of 5
Rooting medium

Developing roots

i. Identify the crop propagation methods illustrated above

A………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
B…………………………………………………………………………………………. (1 mark)
ii. State one factors that would promote root formation in the propagation method in a (B)
above
…………………………………………………………………………………………(1mark)
20. The diagram below show weeds. Study them and answer question that follow.

A B

a) Identify the weeds illustrated in diagrams A and B (2marks)

A………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State one reason why the weed labeled A is difficult to control. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State two economic importance of the weed labeled B in Agriculture. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C 40 MARKS. (ANSWER ONLY TWO QUESTIONS)
21.a) Explain four physical methods of pest control (8 marks)
b) Outline five importance of draining agricultural land. (5 marks)
c) Explain seven safety precautions observed when spraying herbicides. (7 marks)
22.a) Describe the characteristics of ideal agroforestry tree species (8 marks)
b) State four factors that influence the type of irrigation to be used in a farm. (4 marks)
c) Outline four advantages of rotational grazing (4 marks)
d) State four principles governing formation of cooperatives (4 marks)
23.(a) Describe five ways through which soil loses fertility (10 marks)
(b) Describe field production of Nappier elephant grass under the following sub heading
(i) Seed bed preparation (6 marks)
(ii) Utilization (4 marks)

Page 5 of 5
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 6
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
4) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
5) Answer any two questions in section C.
6) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
7) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
8) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
9) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com

For Examiners’ Use Only

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

A 1 - 17 30

B 18 - 21 20

C 22 - 24 40

TOTAL SCORE 90

SECTION A (30marks)
1
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Give four aspects of rainfall that affect agricultural production. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. State four factors considered when choosing water pipes for use in the farm. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
3. List down four types of water erosion. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Give three classes of weeds on the basis of growth cycle. (1½mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Define the term pest. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State four reasons why burning of bushes is discouraged as a method of land clearing. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Outline four factors considered when grading tomatoes. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. State four problems associated with marketing agricultural produce (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give three maintenance practices carried out on water tanks. (1 ½ mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
10. Give four characteristics of agroforestry trees (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Define the following terms. (2 mks)
(i) Nursery bed
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Seed bed
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Pricking out

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Hardening off
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. List four financial documents used in the farm (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. List down four factors of production. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Name the parts harvested for each of the following crops. (1 ½ mks)
(a) Onions
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
(b) Carrots
…………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
(c) Coffee
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
15. Name four main methods of controlling pests in the farm. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Mention three ways of applying water to crops (1 ½ mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Differentiate between pomoculture and olericulture (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION B (20 MKS) Answer ALL questions in this section
18.a) A farmer in Kabondo was advised to apply 80 kg of nitrogen to his maize plantation during
top dressing. The fertilizer available was calcium ammonium nitrate (20% N) .Calculate the
amount of this fertilizer in kilograms the farmer should purchase (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. At what stage should the farmer top dress his maize crop (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. State three methods of fertilizer application (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19.The diagram below illustration an investigation on property of soil using samples labeled J,K
and L

a.) If the level of water drained into the test tubes were observed after two hours, name the
property of soil being investigated (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b.) What is the relationship between this property of soil and the size of soil particles (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c.) Which soil sample will be suitable for growing paddy rice ? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d.) Name the type of soil labeled (2mks)
J. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
L. ………………………………………………………………………………...…………………
20. Study the illustration below of making compost manure and answer the questions that follow.

4
(a) Name the method of making compost manure illustrated above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Name the other method of making compost manure. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) State three qualities of well decomposed compost manure. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The following diagrams illustrate two methods of soil sampling.Study them and answer
questions that follow .

(a) What do diagrams A and B represent? (2 marks)

A……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
B…………………………………………………………………………….………………………
(b) Describe the procedure of soil sampling. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION C (40mks) Answer only two questions in this section
22. (a) Describe seven cultural or biological methods of soil and water conservation. (7 marks)
(b) Describe the importances of keeping farm records . (7 marks)
(c) Explain six objectives of the million acre scheme of land settlements. (6 marks)

23[a] Describe the growing of dry bean seeds under the following sub headings.
(i) Selection and preparation of planting materials. (3marks)
(ii)Planting. (4marks)
(iii) Weeding. (3marks)
(b) Describe the environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields (10 marks)

24. (a) Explain seven factors that influence seed rate in crop production. (7mks)
(b) Outline seven safety precautions observed when using herbicide in the farm. (7mks)
(c) Explain briefly any six factors that affect the quality of hay a farmer may produce in the farm.
(6mks)

SERIES 7
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A and B.
Answer any two questions in section C.
All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.
Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE
SCORE

A 1-16 30

B 17-20 20

C 21-23 40

SECTION A (30 Marks)

1
Answer ALL questions from this section.
1. a) Name two field practices that are carried out to obtain optimum plant population in a crop field(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain how each of the practices named in (a) above achieves optimum plant population. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. State four factors that may influence labour productivity in a farm. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. State four functions of a farm manager. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. List four post-harvest practices that are carried out in maize production. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. a) What is rainfall intensity? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two effects of high rainfall intensity to farming. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State four ways in which a farmer can improve the structure of a waterlogged clay soil. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Apart from training and extension services, state four other agricultural support services the Kenyan
government provides to a maize farmer . (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. State four factors which may affect the quality of silage. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give four advantages of mixed farming. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Differentiate between the following terms as used in agricultural economics
a) Fixed assets and current assets (1mk)

2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….......................
b) Delivery note and purchase order. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..

11. Give two advantages of under sowing in pasture production (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Name four settlement schemes that the Kenyan government started as a result of the success of the million
acre scheme. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. State any two tertiary operations carried out on the farm (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. State two ways of controlling bean anthracnose disease. ( 1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. List four factors that determine the depth of planting (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15Give four causes of land fragmentation. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. State four disadvantages of mulching in crop production. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.
17. The following illustration show different production curves in agricultural economics. Study them and
answer the questions that follow.

E F
D

a. Identify the production curves labelled D and E (2marks)

3
D………………………………………………………………………………………
E………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What does the law derived from the production function labelled F state? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
c.i. Which one of the three production curves is rare in agriculture? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Give a reason for your answer in (c) (i) above. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The diagram below shows a practice carried out in tomatoes. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the practice…………………………………………………………………(1mk)

b) Give two reason for carrying out the practice in (a) above (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name two other crops that require the practice.(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
19.A form one student set up experiment as shown below to study an aspect of soil. The set up was left for six
hours. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a. What was the aim of the experiment? (1 mark)

4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
b.State two observation that was made in each of the flask C and D. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
c.Why was the soil in flask D strongly heated? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
d.Outline one way in which soil living organisms affect Agricultural production. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
𝑃 𝑂 𝑃 𝑂
20. A farmer is advised to apply 150kg of per hectare. The fertilizer available is NPK 20% .
2 5 2 5
Calculate the amount of NPK required for 2hectares. (5mks) show your working.

SECTION C(40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question.
21.(a)Describe the establishment of a grass pasture from the time land is ploughed using a mouldboard
plough to the time the pasture is ready for grazing. (10mks)
(b) State six benefits of intercropping in crop production (6mks)
(c) Stat the importance of the following stages during chemical water treatment.
i) Filtration at water intake (1mk)
ii) Softening (2mks)
iii) Chlorination (1mk)
22(a) Explain five disadvantages of land fragmentation. (5mks)
b) State seven roles of a farm manager.(7mks)
c) Explain four ways a farmer can adjust to uncertainties and risks.(8mks
23.a) Describe the production of dry beans under the following subheadings
(i) Seedbed preparation (3marks)
(ii) Planting (5marks)
(iii) Field practices (4marks)
b) Explain eight cultural control measures of diseases of in crop production (8marks

SERIES 8
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
4) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
5) Answer any two questions in section C.
6) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
7) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
8) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
9) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For Examiner’s use only

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s score

A 1-15 30
16-18 20
B
19-21 20
C
20

Total 90

This paper has 6 Pages

SECTION A :30MKS

1|Page
AnswerAll questions in the spaces provide
1. State twocauses of blossom-end rot in tomatoes(1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. State four harmful effects of weeds in agriculture. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. State four characteristics of extensive system of farming. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. State three agricultural practices that pollute water (11/2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. (a) What is meant by the term conveyance of water? (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) State two ways of conveying water. (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. (a) Distinguish between a nursery bed and a seedling bed. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) State four management practices carried out on pasture. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Give four methods of land clearing. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Give three limitations of tissue culture. (11/2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
9. (a) Distinguish between the budding and grafting (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Name two classes of crops based on light duration. (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
11. List two tertiaryoperations carried out during land preparation. (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
12. State four disadvantages of shifting cultivation. (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

2|Page
13. (a) Name three methods of pruning. (11/2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Name three forms of collective land tenure system (11/2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
14. State four cultural methods of pest control (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
15. (a) Define the following terms. (2mks)
i. Intercropping
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
ii. Mixed cropping
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) State two importance of mulching. (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

16. The diagram below shows methods of soil sampling. Study them and answer the questions that follow.

1 2

3 4
a. Identify the method A and B. (2mks)
A ______________________________________________________________________________
B ______________________________________________________________________________
b. Describe the procedure followed during soil sampling. (5mks)
6 5
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6
17. (a) Farmer was advised to apply 150kg of C.A.N while top dressing a maize crop. C.A.N contains
21%N. Calculate the amount of nitrogen application per hectare. (show your working) (3mks)
(b) State two forms in which nitrogen as a plant nutrient is absorbed by plants (2mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
(c) State two characteristics of CAN fertilizer(2mks)
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
18. The diagram below illustrates a method of preparing compost manure. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follows.

X Y X

Z 3|Page
Field
a. Identify the method illustrated. (1mk)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. How long should the materials stay in x and y (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Explain four factors to consider when selecting a site for the preparation of a compost pit. (4mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions from in section.
19. (a) Describe five ways in which soil looses fertility 5mks)
(b) State five factors determining spacing a crop. (5mks)
(c) Give five precautions observed when using agro-chemicals (5mks)
(d) State five Agricultural Services Available to the Farmer: (5mks)
20. (a)Explainfiveimportance of farm records in agriculture. (5mks)
(b) Describe any five physical methods of soil and water conservation. (5mks)
(c) The following information was obtained from Bukura Farm inventory on1st January.
i). Use the information provided to prepare a balance sheet for Bukura Farm. (7mks)
ITEM VALUE (Kshs)
Layers 80,000
Beef cattle 240,000
Beans in store 40,000
Cash at hand 15,000
Land 550,000
Machinery 250,000
Buildings 310,000
Calves 75,000
Wages payable 5,000
Interest payable 8,000
Bank loan 725,000
Milk sale on credit 12,000
Chicken sale on credit 6,000
Cash in the bank 52,000
Purchase of fertilizer on credit 26,000
Tax payable 3,000

ii) What is the value of the networth. (1 mk)

iii) State whether the business is solvent or insolvent, give a reason for your answer. (2 mks)
21. (a) Describe cabbage production under the following subheadings.
i. Ecological requirements. (2mks)
ii. Land preparation. (4mks)
iii. Field management practices. (4mks)
(b) Give five importance of a budget to the farmer (5mks)
(c) Outline fivecharacteristics of a fertile soil. (5mks)

4|Page
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 9
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
4) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
5) Answer any two questions in section C.
6) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
7) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
8) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
that no questions are missing.
9) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For Examiner’s Use Only

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE SCORE

SCORE

A 1-21 30

B 22-25 20

C 20

TOTAL SCORE 90

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Page 1 of 6
Answer all questions in this section on the spaces provided
1. Suggest three factors that determine the choice of a method of farming (1½ marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Outline three effects of soil organisms which benefit crop growth (1½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. State the soil component that determines (1mark)
Soil Structure class ……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Soil Structure grade …………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. State four effects of hard pans in the soil (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. State four factors that determine the number of secondary operations carried out on land in the
formation of a seedbed (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. State four factors that are hinder access of enough and clean water to most Kenyans communities
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Name three causes of water logging in arable land (1½ marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. What is the difference between compost manure prepared in drier areas and one prepared in wet areas?
(1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. State two methods used to test the PH of the soil (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Differentiate between stem and root tubers (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 2 of 6
11. The average spacing of Arabica coffee is 2.7 m by 2.7 m. Calculate the plant population in one hectare
(1Ha) of land (Show your working) (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. State any two practices carried out during hardening of seedlings in the production of tomatoes (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………......
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13. Name the three types of suckers that are supposed to be left in each banana stool after removal or
pruning of the extra suckers. (1½ marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. State four types of information contained in a land title deed (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
15. Explain two ways in which grass strips help to conserve the soil (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. State four disadvantages of tillage as a method of weed control (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

17. Explain the difference between pests economic injury level and integrated pest management (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Name the three grades of coffee obtained after sorting out the picked berries (1½ marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. What is topping in pasture management ( ½ mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. State three ways in which labour productivity can be improved (1½ marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. State three roles of agricultural co-operatives in Kenya (1½ marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 3 of 6
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section on the spaces provided
22. Below is a diagram of a tertiary land operation. Study it and answer the questions that follow

a) Name the tertiary land operation (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Explain the process of performing the tertiary land operation (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Name the tractor implement that can be used to achieve the operation (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) State the importance of carrying out the tertiary operation (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
23. Below are diagrams of two methods of pruning. Study them carefully and answer the questions
that follow.

i. Identify the pruning methods shown below (2 marks)

Method A ……………………………………………………………………………………….
Method B ………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. When would it be necessary to carry out the type of pruning illustrated in both cases (2 marks)
Method A ………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Method B ………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Give two advantages of carrying method of pruning in tomatoes (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 4 of 6
24. Below is a diagram of a cabbage pest. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow

a) Identify the cabbage pest shown above (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) In which category of pests does the pest you named in (a) above belong (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….......
c) What kind of mouth part does the pest named in (a) above possess? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Suggest two control measures for the pest named in (a) above (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
25. Below are diagrams of different varieties of sorghum. Study them and answer the questions that follow

Page 5 of 6
i. Identify the different varieties (3 marks)
A………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. State one advantage of the variety labeled C over the other varieties (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Name two common pests of sorghum ( 1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 28.
26. a) State and explain four ways in which biological agents may enhance soil formation (6 marks)
b) Discuss six reasons on the importance of keeping good and up to date farm accounts in the farm
(6 marks)
c) Discuss why liming is a recommended practice in crop production (4 marks)
d) Explain the roles of irrigation water in rice production (4 marks)
27. a) Outline the procedure undertaken in inheriting a registered land upon death of the owner ( 8 marks)
b) State the three harvesting practices of maize (3 marks)
c) Discuss the processes of large scale chemical treatment of water (9 marks)
28. The following information was obtained from Keheo farm. Study the information and prepare a balance
sheet for the farm for the year ended 31st JULY/AUG 2019
Payable tax - 16,000
Interest on loan - 24,000
Payable debts - 14,000
Two year bank loan - 120,000
Wages - 24,000
Buildings - 84,000
Receivable debts - 12,000
Livestock - 124,000
Feeds in store - 12,000
Maize in store - 42,000
Cash at hand - 22,000
Movers - 5,500
Cash in bank - 52,000 7 marks
ii) Was Keheo farm solvent or insolvent? (1 mark)
b) State six advantages of mixed cropping (6 marks)
c) Name the three zones of the production function and explain what happens in each of the
production zone (6 marks)
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

Page 6 of 6
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
Name: ……………………………………………... Index no ……..…......................................
School: …………………………………………….. Candidate’s sign …………………….......
Class………………………………………….…..… Adm No…………………...……………...

SERIES 10
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
4) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
5) Answer any two questions in section C.
6) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
7) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
8) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
that no questions are missing.
9) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1-17 30
B 18-21 20
C 22-24 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
CONTACT US ON:
WhatsApp/Call or Text: 0724351706/0726960003
EMAIL: Goldlitepublishers@gmail.com

Page 1 of 5
SECTION A (30MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. State four reasons why agriculture is important to Kenya`s economy (2mks)

2. Name four appropriate sites for agroforestry trees (2mks)

3. Name four types of market structure in agricultural marketing (2mks)

4. State four ways in which a land tittle deed is important to a farmer (2mk)

5. Give four reasons why burning of land is discouraged in Kenya (2mks)

6. Give two examples of variable cost in milk production (1mk)

7. State two advantages of earthing up in crop production (1mk)

8. Give two varieties of beans grown in Kenya (1mk)

9. Give four reasons why green manure is not commonly used in farming (2mks)

10. State four characteristics of a good site for a nursery bed (2mks)

11. State four soil factors that influence agriculture (2mks)

12. State four causes of crop diseases (2mks)

Page 2 of 5
13. Define the following terms as used in economics (2mks)
i. Opportunity cost

ii. Scarcity

14. State four advantages of certified seeds (2mks)

15. State four factors that determine the choice of water pipes used on the farm
(2mks)

16. State four ways in which mulching conserves water (2mks)

17. Give two conditions under which blossom end rot may occur in tomatoes (1mk)

SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the space provided.
18. Below is a diagram of weed . Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that
follow

a. Identify the weed illustrated above (1mk)

Page 3 of 5
b. Why is the weed illustrated above difficult to control (1mk)

c. State three ways in which the weed can be controlled in a field of maize (3mks)

19. The diagram below shows a pest and the damaged crop. Study it and answer the question
that follow.

a. Identify the crop pest illustrate above (1mk)

b. In which category of pests does the pest named in (a) above belong ? (1mk)

c. Give two ways of controlling the pest (2mks)

d. Name one crop attacked by the pest (1mk)

20. The illustration below shows a structure used for controlling soil erosion. Study it
carefully and answer the questions that follow

a. Identify the structure (1mk)

Page 4 of 5
b. Explain two ways in which to the structure helps to control soil erosion

(2mks)

c. State two methods of water harvesting (2mks)

21. A farmer applied a compound fertilizer 10:20:0 on three hectres piece of land at rate of
180 kg N per hectre
a. Calculate the quantity of the compound fertilizer applied on the piece of land
(3mks)

b. What do the figures 10:20 stand for in the compound fertilizer? (2mks)

SECTION C (40 MKS)

Answer any two questions in this section
22. a. Describe the harvesting of coffee (5mks)

b. Explain the precautions that should be observed during the harvesting of pyrethrum
(5mks)
c. Give ten uses of water in the farm (10mks)

23. a Describe ten ways in which biotic factors influence agricultural production
(10mks)

b. Explain ten cultural methods of soil and water conservation (10mks)

24. Describe the production of cabbages under the following sub headings
a. (i) Seedbed preparation (3mks)

(ii) Transplanting of seedling (7mks)

b.Explain five ways in which farmers adjust to risk and uncertainty (5mks)

c.Explain five functions of co-operative societies (5mks)

Page 5 of 5
GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name ………………………………………………… Admission number ……………………

Candidate's Signature…………………………………Date……………………………

SERIES 11
AGRICULTURE 443/1
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer all the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1-17 30

B 18-21 20

C 20

TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
1. State two conditions under which opportunity cost is zero. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
1
2. Name three branches of horticulture. (1 2 𝑚𝑘𝑠)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
3. State four factors a farmer should consider when choosing the farming system to undertake.
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………......
4. State four disadvantages of communal land tenure system. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Give four pieces of information found on a land title deed. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. State four reasons for deep ploughing during land preparation. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. State four characteristics of a good top soil. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
8. Give three reasons for sub soiling. (1 2 𝑚𝑘𝑠)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Differentiate between seed inoculation and seed dressing. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. State four effects of soil erosion. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11. Outline four practices necessary to improve and maintain permanent pastures. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. State two causes of poor drainage on farmland. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. State four reasons for mulching. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. Give the function of each of the following in the preparation of compost manure. (2mks))
a) Top soil
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Well rotten manure
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) A thin layer of wood ash
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) Long pointed stick
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

15. State four deficiency symptoms of phosphorus. (2mks)

A B
a) Identify structures A and B. (1mk)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Name the type of soil erosion controlled by structures A and B. (2mks)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) State two ways in which the structures help to control soil erosion. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The diagrams below illustrate irish potato seed preparation before planting. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the practice used in preparing the seed potato above before planting. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Describe the procedure followed in preparing the seed potatoes for planting. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give one reason for carrying out the practice named above. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The photograph below shows an irish potato plant attacked by a disease. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.

a) Identify the disease represented by the photograph. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the causative agent of the diseases. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give one other crop that can be attacked by the same disease. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) List two control measures of the disease. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The photographs below show common weeds C and D in pasture land. Study them carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

C D
a) Identify weeds C and D. (2mks)
C…………………………………………………………………………………………….
D…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Classify weed D according to plant morphology. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the major problem posed by each of the weeds above in pasture land. (2mks)
C…………………………………………………………………………………………….
D…………………………………………………………………………………………….

SECTION C (40MARKS)
22. a) State four benefits of sowing annual crops early. (4mks)
b) Describe eight effects of fragmentation and sub division of land. (8mks)
c) Explain eight effects of weeds. (8mks)

23. a) Describe the various field management practices for tomatoes. (8mks)
b) State the precautions that should be observed when harvesting cotton. (4mks)
c)Explain four importance of crop rotation. (8mks)

24. a) Explain four factors to consider in choosing the type of irrigation to use in the farm.
(8mks)
b) Explain five farming practices that destroy soil structure. (5mks)
c) Describe seven reasons why farmers need to keep good farm records. (7mks)
.....

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Agri PP1 Quick Series Exams

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GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number………………………

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date ……………………………………

(i) Which soil sample had the highest acidity (1 mark)

ii) Which soil is suitable for growing coffee (1 mark)

iv) How would pH value of soil sample P8 be reduced? (1 mark)

(a) Identify the pests in the diagram (1 mark)

(c) Give three way of controlling the pest. (3 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

Candidate’s Signature: ____________________________________ Date: __________________________

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

6. State four causes of crop diseases. (2 marks)

18. Below is a diagram showing a crop disease.

(a) Identify the crop disease. (1 mark)

19. The diagram below illustrates a nursery practice.

(a) Identify the practice. (1 mark)

20 (a) Describe seven harmful effects of crop pests. (7 marks)

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number…………………………..

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date ……………………………………

2. Outline two disadvantages of communal land tenure system (1mark)

3. Give three different types of soil water (1 ½ marks)

4. Give two ways of utilization of napier grass as a forage crop (1mark)

5. Give two signs of crop infestation by root nodes nematodes (1mark)

6. Name two chemicals used in water treatment (1mark)

7. a) A farmer was advised to apply 210 kg of calcium of ammonium nitrate

8. Give four biotic factors that influence agriculture (2marks)

10. List two methods of land reclamation (2marks)

of 75cmx25cm; her plot was 4 x3m.

(i) What does 75cm stand for in this statement (1mark)

(ii) Calculate the plant population showing your working (3marks)

b) State two importance of tissue culture in crop production (1mark)

14.Why are leguminous plants preferred for green manure? (1mark)

15. i) What is opportunity cost (1mark)

16. State three control measures of maize streak disease (1.5marks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

a) Identify the disease represented by the photograph. (1mark)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

SCHOOL ........................................................................ STREAM…………….. ADM. NO………

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

7. Name FOUR disadvantages of mulching. (2 Marks)

9. State FOUR factors that influence crop rotation programme. (2 Marks)

10. Give FOUR nursery management practices. (2 Marks)

12. Differentiate between a complete and incomplete fertiliser. (2 Marks)

13. Give FOUR objectives of land tenure reform in Kenya (2 Marks)

14. Name THREE materials required during budding. (1½ Marks)

15. Give THREE methods of forage conservation. (1½ Marks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Year Fertilizer Applied (50kg bags) Wheat output (90kg bags)

i) Identify the condition illustrated above. (1 Mark)

iv) Name TWO other tomato diseases (1 Mark)

a) Identify the field crop shown above. (1 Mark)

Available in these series are all subjects.we

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

12. State four characteristics of clay soil (2mks)

c) State two disadvantages of using stem cuttings for planting. (1mk)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

25 a) Explain five factors that influence soil productivity. (10mks)

26 a) Explain cultural measures used in the control of weeds in a field of

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

3. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C

5. Answer any two questions in section C

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. State 4 types of Financial Documents used in the farm. (2 marks)

a. Identify the planting material illustrated (1 mark)

a. Identify the crop disease above (1 mark)

(a) Identify the production function curves labelled A and B. (2 marks)

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i) above. (1 mark)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer only two questions in this section in the spaces provided.

Opening valuation Ksh. 6,000/=

Paid wages Ksh. 5000/=

Bought equipment worth Ksh. 8,000/=

Bought pig feeds worth Ksh. 4,000/=

Sold mature pigs worth Ksh. 7,000/=

Candidate’s Signature: __________ Date: