DIAL5111_P1 GUIDELINE

The ethical risks and challenges of using of generative AI in higher education

learning materials and assessments outweigh any benefits associated with it,
especially in South Africa.

(In simple terms- The challenges have more influence than benefits)

Your project requires a critical discussion on the ethical risks, challenges, and
benefits of generative AI in higher education, particularly in South Africa.

Tips
1. Understanding the Topic
You need to critically discuss whether the ethical risks and challenges of generative
AI in higher education outweigh its benefits, especially in South Africa. This means:

Question 1: Exploring the Project Topic (20 Marks)

Q1.1 - AI Research & Keywords (5 Marks)

Use ChatGPT, Gemini, or Copilot to ask:

"Critically discuss the ethical risks, challenges, and benefits of generative AI in

higher education, with a focus on South Africa."

Take a screenshot of the AI response and paste it in your Word document.

Then ask:
"What keywords and phrases should I use to research this topic?"

Take a screenshot and paste it under the first one.

Reference the AI tool using the Harvard method.

Q1.2 - Main Arguments (15 Marks)

Q1.2.1 (5 Marks): Discuss arguments supporting the topic (Challenges/ negative

impacts of generative AI). 150-200 WORDS

Q1.2.2 (5 Marks): Discuss arguments against the topic. (Benefits, advantages,

opportunities of using Generative AI) 150-200 WORDS
Q1.2.3 (5 Marks): Evaluate the AI tool's credibility. In 150 – 200 words, discuss how
academically credible and useful the information provided by the AI tool is, and why.
To answer this question you can conduct research. E.g. search on Google scholar
“Academically credibility and usefulness of AI information”
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insert new page:

Question 2: Research & Referencing (45 Marks)

Q2.1 - Your Position (5 Marks)

Write one sentence clearly stating whether you agree or disagree with the statement.

Example:
I agree that the ethical risks and challenges of using of generative AI in higher
education learning materials and assessments outweigh any benefits
associated with it, especially in South Africa. Why?

Or

I disagree that the ethical risks and challenges of using of generative AI in higher
education learning materials and assessments outweigh any benefits
associated with it, especially in South Africa. Why?

Q2.2 - Finding Five Academic Sources (45 Marks)

Search Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, or Emerald Insight using AI-recommended

keywords. Find:
• A source supporting your position.
(If you agree focus on the sources that focuses on the disadvantages, ethical risks,
challenges or negative impacts of using Generative AI, If you disagree look for
sources that discuss potential benefits, advantages, opportunities or positive impact)
• A source opposing your position.
(If you agree look for sources that discuss potential benefits, advantages,
opportunities or positive impact…If you disagree focus on the sources that highlight
challenges or negative impacts of using Generative AI,)

• A source with statistics or numerical data.

(Look for government reports, research studies, surveys, academic databases- it can
be information about percentages, numbers, ratios, and rates)

• A source with case studies, surveys, or interviews.

(It can be case studies, surveys, interviews about generative AI)

• A source offering an alternative perspective.

(Some key words to use- Alternative perspectives for AI, Contrasting opinions for AI,
Diverse perspectives for Generative AI etc..
NB – you need to find a total of five resources.
After you have found five sources follow the instructions below

Use the MS Word References function to create a Harvard reference list for your five
selected sources.
Make sure you:
• Capture all the required resource information into the correct reference fields for the
resource type.
• Use the correct heading for the reference list.
• Apply the following formatting to your reference list once you have created it:

• Format the heading in Calibri 14-point font, bold, and 1.5 line spacing.
• Format the reference entries in Calibri 11-point font, and 1.5 line spacing.
• Leave an empty line in-between each reference entry.
• Submit this reference list as your answer to Q.2.2.

Example:
Q.2.2.ANSWER FORMAT

Reference list
Ajoodha,R, Jadhav,A and Dukhan,S., 2020. Forecasting Learner Attrition for Students
Success at South African University. Conference of the South African Institute of
 computer Scientist and information technologist, [e-journal] 6(1), pp.19–28. Available
at: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3410886.3410973 [Accessed 15 March 2025].

Akoojee, S and Nkomo, M., 2007. Access and quality in South Africa. South African
Journals of Higher Education, [e-journal] 21(3), pp. 385-399. Available at:
https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/EJC37345 [Accessed 10 March 2024].

Johnson, D., 2010. Comparative education: Introduction: the challenges of

educational reconstruction and transformation in South Africa, [e-journal] 31(2), pp.
131-140. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050069529074# [Accessed 15
March 2024].

Letseka, M and Pitsoe, V., 2014. Studies in higher education. The challenges and
prospects of access to higher education at UNISA. Journal of Education, [e-journal]
39(10), pp. 1942-1954. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03075079.2013.823933?src=recsys
[Accessed 16 March 2025].

Reddy, T., 2004. Higher education and social transformation: South Africa Case
Study. [e-book] Pretoria: Council on Higher Education. Available through Google
Scholar. Available at: https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/22067 [Accessed 14 March
2025].

Suitability of resources for the question instructions and project topic

Write a summary about how each source is suitable for the project topic (Consider its
relevance, publication date or authors’ expertise)
Insert a new page

Question 3: CRAAP Test Evaluation (35 Marks)

Pick one source from Q2 and evaluate it using the CRAAP Test (Currency,
Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose).
Write 600-800 words in a landscape table format.

Evaluating Resources: the CRAAP TEST

Questions to ask when evaluating the source

Currency: the timeliness of the information

• When was the information published or posted?

• Has the information been revised or updated?

• Is the information current or out-of date for your topic?

• Are the links functional?

Relevance: the importance of the information for your needs

• Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?

• Who is the intended audience?

• Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too elementary or advanced for your
needs)?

• Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?

• Would you be comfortable using this source for a research paper?

Authority: the source of the information

• Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?

• Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?

• What are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?

• What are the author's qualifications to write on the topic?

• Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e-mail address?

• Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source? Examples:
o com (commercial),
o .edu (educational),
o .gov (U.S. government),
o .org (nonprofit organization),
o or .net (network)

Accuracy: the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content

• Where does the information come from?

 • Is the information supported by evidence?

• Has the information been reviewed or refereed?

• Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?

• Does the language or tone seem biased and free of emotion?

• Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical errors?

Purpose: the reason the information exists

• What is the purpose of the information? to inform? teach? sell? entertain? persuade?

• Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear?

• Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?

• Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?

• Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional, or personal biases?

Example for:
Question 3 Answer
Refer to Page 50 Module Manual
Title: Forecasting Learner Attrition for Students Success at South African University.
Authors: Ajoodha,R, Jadhav,A and Dukhan,S.
Source: Journal article
Link: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3410886.3410973

Currency The article "Forecasting Learner Attrition for Students Success at South African University" was published
in 2020, which means it is relatively recent and falls within the acceptable currency range for academic
publications. Currency of resource is important for this topic as it focuses on_________________ It is unclear
whether the article has been revised or updated since the date is not provided. Finally, the article's link is
functional, which is an essential aspect of currency evaluation.

Relevancy The article is relevant to the topic of evaluating success in South African higher education. Ajoodha, Jadhav
and Dukhan (2020) present a study on predicting learner attrition in a South African university using data
mining techniques. The findings of the study could be useful in improving student retention rates and
ultimately contributing to the success of higher education in South Africa. The intended audience for this
article is likely to be researchers, educators, and policymakers interested in improving student success in
South African universities. The article is written in an academic style and presents technical details. The
 information presented in the article is at an appropriate level for researchers and educators in the field of data
mining and education. Before determining to use this source, I looked at a variety of sources to ensure that
the information is accurate, reliable, and credible. Overall, I would be comfortable to use this source for a
research paper.
Authority The article "Forecasting Learner Attrition for Students Success at South African University" was presented
at the Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists in
2020 by authors R. Ajoodha, A. Jadhav, and S. Dukhan. Ritesh Ajoodha holds a Doctor of Philosophy in
Computer Sciences and a Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education. Ashwini Jadhav holds a Doctor of
Philosophy in Computer Sciences and a Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education. Shalini Dukhan holds a
Doctor of Philosophy in Science Education and a Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education. The authors'
credentials and affiliations are not stated in the article, but it is clear that they are experts in the field of data
analytics and student success, based on the content of the paper. It can be assumed that the authors are
qualified to write on the topic. The article provides contact information, including an email address for
inquiries. The URL for the article includes the DOI, which indicates that it has been peer-reviewed and
accepted for publication Overall, the author's authority appears to be credible.

Accuracy The accuracy of the information is supported by evidence presented in the paper. The authors have conducted
a study. There are correct references provide. The paper provides detailed information on the methodology,
data analysis, and results, which allows the reader to assess the accuracy of the findings. They used
quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The language used in the paper is objective, and free of emotion,
indicating a professional and unbiased approach. There are no errors in spelling, grammar, or typography,
 which further supports the accuracy of the information presented. To verify the information, it would be
necessary to consult additional sources or have personal knowledge of the subject matter.

Purpose The purpose of the article is to inform and propose a solution for predicting learner attrition in a South African
university. Ajoodha, Jadhav and Dukham (2020) aims to provide insights to assist university officials in
preventing student dropouts and increasing student success rates. The purpose of the article is clearly stated
in the title and abstract. The authors' point of view appears to be objective focusing on providing a solution
to a common problem faced by universities. There are no obvious political, ideological, cultural, religious,
institutional, or personal biases present in the article.

Overall Based on the available information, this article appears to have high credibility due to its publication in a
Credibility reputable conference proceeding and was reviewed by experts in the field before publication. It has been cited
23 times, indicating its impact and influence. Authors are experts in their field, given their publication history.
It has been downloaded 371 times suggesting its relevance and interest to researchers.
Reference all the sources used for question 1 and 3
Reference list

Ajoodha,R, Jadhav,A and Dukhan,S. 2020. Forecasting Learner Attrition for Students
Success at South African University. Conference of the South African Institute of computer
Scientist and information technologist,19–28 [Online]. Available at:
https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3410886.3410973 [Accessed 15 March 2024].

OpenAI. (2024). GPT-3 [Generative Pre-trained Transformer]. https://chat.openai.com/c/7ba22189-

2399-4cf6-9cb1-e23a42fd88be