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Cambridge Dictionary Gardener Murphy Henry P. Smith Crow & Crow John Parankimalil Domjan (2015)

The document outlines various learning theories including behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, emphasizing their definitions and educational strategies. It also details essential components of a learning plan, such as learning objectives, subject matter, and assessment methods. Additionally, it highlights effective teaching strategies that cater to individual learning differences and promote active engagement.

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10 views2 pages

Cambridge Dictionary Gardener Murphy Henry P. Smith Crow & Crow John Parankimalil Domjan (2015)

The document outlines various learning theories including behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, emphasizing their definitions and educational strategies. It also details essential components of a learning plan, such as learning objectives, subject matter, and assessment methods. Additionally, it highlights effective teaching strategies that cater to individual learning differences and promote active engagement.

Uploaded by

maryannperias40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reviewer on Foundations of Learning & Learning Plan o Learning happens through conditioning (stimulus-response)

o Education uses rewards, punishments, and drills


I. Foundations of Learning 2. Cognitivism (Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner)
o Learning is about processing and organizing information
A. Definitions of Learning o Strategies: Scaffolding, concept mapping, problem-solving
3. Constructivism (Vygotsky, Piaget, Dewey)
o Learning is an active process, shaped by experience and
 Cambridge Dictionary: Understanding gained through study
social interaction
or experience.
o Strategies: Inquiry-based learning, group discussions, real-
 Gardener Murphy: Modification in behavior to meet world applications
environmental demands. 4. Humanism (Rogers, Maslow)
 Henry P. Smith: Acquiring new behavior or modifying old o Learning focuses on personal growth and self-actualization
behavior due to experience. o Strategies: Student-centered learning, safe environments,
 Crow & Crow: Acquisition of habits, knowledge, and emotional support
attitudes.
 John Parankimalil: Gaining knowledge, attitudes, and skills II. Preparing a Learning Plan
for life’s demands.
 Domjan (2015): Enduring behavioral change due to prior A. Essential Parts of a Learning Plan
experiences.
1. Learning Objectives – What students should achieve (SMART:
B. Fundamental Learning Principles Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bounded)
2. Subject Matter – The topic or content of the lesson
1. Motivation 3. Learning Resources – Textbooks, materials, additional references
o Extrinsic (external rewards like grades, praise) 4. Procedure – Steps in delivering the lesson (e.g., motivation,
o Intrinsic (internal satisfaction, curiosity) presentation, activities)
o Implications in Education: Goal setting, relevance, 5. Assessment – Measures of student learning (e.g., quizzes, projects,
autonomy, feedback performance tasks)
2. Reinforcement 6. Assignment – Enrichment activities to reinforce learning
o Positive (adding rewards to encourage behavior)
o Negative (removing discomfort to encourage behavior) B. Example of a Well-Structured Learning Objective
o Strategies in Education: Token economies, contingency
contracts, shaping Instead of: "Students will learn about typhoons."
3. Individual Differences Use: "By the end of the session, students will identify three factors that
o Types of Learners: contribute to typhoon formation and create an emergency plan for their
 Visual – Learn through images and diagrams household."
 Auditory – Learn through listening and discussions
 Kinesthetic – Learn through hands-on experience C. Effective Teaching Strategies

C. Learning Theories  Active engagement (hands-on activities, discussions)


 Clear expectations (well-defined instructions and rubrics)
1. Behaviorism (Pavlov, Skinner, Watson)  Differentiated instruction (adapting to individual learning styles)
 Assessment alignment (objectives match evaluation methods)

Sample:
-By the end of the lesson, students will analyze
(Focus: Understanding, analysis, problem-solving)
-Students will demonstrate
(Focus: Emotions, values, and engagement in learning)
-Students will create
(Focus: Hands-on activities, movement, and application of skills)

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