4945B/C Radio Communications Test Set

User Manual

China Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD

 Foreword
Thanks very much for purchasing and using the 4945B/C Radio Communications Test Set produced by
China Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD. With high, precision and frontier technologies, the
product enjoys the highest quality and cost performances compared with similar products. The Company
follows the ISO9000 standard always during production and adheres to the customer-oriented and
quality-first principles. Please read carefully the manual, so as to facilitate the operation. We will spare
no efforts to meet your requirements, providing you with operating devices with the highest cost
performance and first-rate after-sales services. We always adhere to the principle of “high quality and
thoughtful services”, providing customers with satisfactory products and services as well as work
convenience and shortcut. The hotline is shown below, and we are looking forward to hear from you:
Tel: (+86 532) 86896691
Website: www.ceyear.com
E-mail: sales@ ceyear.com
Address: No. 98, Xiangjiang Road, Qingdao City, China
Postal code: 266555

The manual introduces the application, performance and features, basic principles, usage, maintenance
and precautions of the 4945B/C radio communications test set, facilitating your quick understanding the
usage and key points of the tester. To operate the product well and provide you with higher economic
effectiveness, please read the manual carefully.
Mistakes and omissions can hardly be avoided due to time urgency and writer’s knowledge limit. Your
valuable comments and suggestions are highly welcome! We are sorry for any inconvenience caused
due to our errors.
The manual is the second version of the 4945B/C Radio Communications Test Set
Manual, with version number of A.2.
The manual contents are subject to change without prior notice. The right of term
interpretation in the manual belongs to China Electronics Technology Instruments
CO., LTD.
Note:
The manual copyright belongs to China Electronics Technology Instruments CO.,
LTD, no modification or manipulation can be made to the manual contents by any unit
or person without approval of the Company, or any copy or propagation of the manual
made for profit. China Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD retains the right
of pursuing legal responsibilities from any infringer.
Writer
November 10, 2018
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER I OVERVIEW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
PART I INSTRUCTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
CHAPTER II BASIC INSTRUMENT INSTRUCTIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 7
SECTION I INITIAL POWER-UP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
SECTION II INSTRUMENT APPEARANCE AND FRONT PANEL ------------------------------------------- 7
SECTION III BACK PANEL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
CHAPTER III BUTTON MENU INSTRUCTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
SECTION I DATA INPUT KEY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
SECTION II FUNCTION KEYS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
SECTION III USER INTERFACE INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------ 14
CHAPTER IV OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION I RF EMISSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
SECTION II RF RECEIPT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
SECTION III WIDE-BAND POWER MEASUREMENT --------------------------------------------------------- 34
SECTION IV SWEEPING SPECTRUM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
SECTION V REAL-TIME SIGNAL ANALYSIS-------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
SECTION VI AUDIO GENERATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
SECTION VII AUDIO ANALYSIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
SECTION VIII BIT ERROR MEASUREMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
SECTION IV OSCILLOSCOPE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
SECTION X AUTO TEST ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
PART II TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
CHAPTER V WORKING PRINCIPLES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
SECTION I WORKING PRINCIPLES OF THE TESTER ------------------------------------------------------ 45
SECTION II WORKING PRINCIPLES OF THE RF FREQUENCY CONVERSION MODULE------- 48
SECTION III WORKING PRINCIPLES OF THE DIGITAL PROCESSING MODULE ------------------ 49
CHAPTER VI TECHNICAL INDICATORS AND TESTING METHODS------------------------------------------ 52
SECTION I MAIN TECHNICAL INDICATORS ------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
SECTION II TESTING METHODS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
SECTION III COMPARISON OF INDICATOR TEST RESULTS -------------------------------------------- 80
PART III MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
CHAPTER VII MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
SECTION I MAINTENANCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88
SECTION II GENERAL MAINTENANCE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
APPENDIX A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
 Chapter I Overview

Chapter I Overview
Thanks for using the 4945B/C radio communications test set developed and produced by China
Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD.
1 Applications
The radio communications test set is used to meet the comprehensive test requirements of such
terminal devices as the radio, intercom, comprehensive data link, JIDS terminal equipment, microwave
relay, satellite ground station and scattering communications, and solve such comprehensive test
problems as emission, reception and auto test of the communication equipment in respect of wide
bandwidth, wide frequency range, and rich test functions during reception and emission test.
The main functions and features of the product are as follows:
 Broadband high-speed frequency hopping signal generation and control;
 Broadband high-speed frequency hopping signal reception and analysis;
 Generation and analysis of broadband analog and digital modulation signals;
 Comprehensive test technology based on software radio;
 Generation and analysis of high precision audio signal;
 Real-time spectral analysis;
 Oscilloscope test;
 Editable and automatic guidance test;
 Menu in both Chinese and English for easy operation;
 AC or DC power supply available in the standard configuration; Built-in battery available for out-field
operation;
 Built-in high-power attenuator for wider power measurement range.
2 Instrument composition
The basic composition of the 4945B/C radio communications test set is shown in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Basic composition
Item Model Name Quantity
Mainframe 4945B/C Radio communications test set 1
Three-core 220V AC power line 1
N-BNC adapter 1
N-SMA adapter 1
Appendixes
TNC-SMA adapter 2
User Manual (including the Programming Manual) 1
Packing list 1
3 Precautions
Unpack, and check and verify the items in the box as per the steps shown below; read the “Power-up
precautions” first before operation, so as to find problems in the first place and avoid any accident. In
case of any problem, contact us for quick solution as per actual situation.
3.1 Unboxing inspection
◆ Check the packaging box for any damage.
◆ Take the instrument out of the packaging box, and check for any damage caused during
transportation.
◆ Check whether all accessories and documents are provided together with the instrument as per the
packing list.

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 Chapter I Overview
Check to confirm the device flag of the instrument is as follows:
1) Model: 4945B or 4945C
2) Name: Radio communications test set
3) Production date and serial number: DD/MM/YY
4) Manufacturer name: China Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD
5) Manufacturer address: No. 98, Xiangjiang Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone,
Qingdao, Shandong Province
In case of any damage to the packaging box or damping material in the box, check first for any item
missing inside, and then conduct the mechanical or electrical performance test on the instrument.
Accessories and documents in the packaging box include the following: Power line (1 pc), N-BNC
adapter (1 pc), N-SMA adapter (1 pc), TNC-SMA adapter (2 pcs), 4945B/C radio communications test
set Manual (1 pc), and packing list (1 pc).
In case of any accessory missing or damage to the instrument occurred during transportation, inform us
for quick repairing or replacement as required. Keep the transport materials for packing and
transportation in the future. See the foreword for contact information.
3.2 Power supply inspection
Select the 220 V AC power supply for the instrument (Improper power supply will damage the internal
hardware of the instrument). Table 1-2 shows the power supply requirement for normal operation of the
instrument.
Adopt the 220V AC stabilized voltage supply for the instrument, so as to avoid or reduce mutual
interference between multiple equipment due to the shared power supply (especially any damage to the
instrument due to peak pulse interference caused by high power equipment).
Ensure good power supply grounding to avoid any damage to the instrument.
4945B/C is provided with the three-core power line to meet the international safety standard. Never use
power lines without grounding.
Table 1-2 Working power supply change range
Power supply parameter Applications
AC voltage 100V-242V
Rated output current >2.0A
Max. power consumption 80W
Operating frequency 50-60Hz

Warning: Poor or improper grounding can result in instrument damage or even personal
injury. Do ensure good contract between the instrument ground wire and that of the power
 supply first before turning on the power of the instrument.
Use the outlet with protective grounding. Do not use any external cable, power line or
autotransformer without any protective grounding as the protective grounding line. In case
of any autotransformer adopted, do connect the common terminal to the protective
grounding line of the power connection.
3.3 Electrostatic protection
Since the static electricity can damage electronic parts and components, operations requiring anti-static
measurement must be conducted on the anti-static workbench. The following two anti-static
measurements are usually adopted:
1) Combination of the conductive table mat and wrist strap.
2) Combination of the conductive ground mat and ankle strap.
Using the above two anti-static measurements at the same time can provide good antistatic protection. If
using one of them, only the former can provide antistatic protection. 1M earth isolation resistor must be
2
 Chapter I Overview
provided for the antistatic components at least for ensuring user safety.

Warning: The anti-static measurements mentioned above are not applicable for occasions
 with voltage of more than 500V!

Apply antistatic techniques to reduce damage to components and parts:

◆ Let the internal/external conductor of the cable contact the ground shortly first before connecting the
coaxial cable with the instrument for the first time.
◆ Do wear anti-static wrist straps first before touching the joint core or conducting any assembly.
◆ Ensure all instruments are grounded properly, so as to avoid any static electricity.
3.4 Instrument safety
◆ Use the specified packing box for instrument transportation, and avoid any drop or violent collision
during transport, so as to avoid any damage to the instrument.
◆ Adopt the 220V AC 3-core stabilized voltage supply for the instrument, so as to avoid any damage
to the internal hardware to the instrument due to high-power peak pulse.
◆ Ensure good power supply grounding to avoid any damage to the instrument.
◆ Take antistatic measures such as wearing anti-static wrist strips to operate the instrument, so as to
avoid any damage to the instrument due to static electricity.
◆ Do not input direct current signals at the input end of the instrument, and prevent any signal power
from exceeding the allowable max. input power, so as to avoid any damage to the instrument.
◆ In case of any internal/external battery used for power supply, use the one of the same type or
equivalent for replacement, so as to avoid any explosion risk. Cut off the external power supply
when installing or replacing the battery.
◆ Do not put any object into the instrument from the opening on the shell of the instrument, or pour
any liquid onto or into the instrument shell or the instrument respectively, so as to avoid any internal
short circuit and / or electric shock, fire or personal injury.
◆ Do not cover up any notch or opening on the product, which is used for internal ventilation and
preventing the product from getting overheat.
◆ Do not put the product on the sofa or blanket, or inside a closed shell, unless it is well ventilated.
◆ Do not put the product on heat-generating equipment such as the heating device or warming fan,
and keep the environment temperature below the max. one specified in the manual.
◆ Please be noted that the instrument can discharge poisonous gas or liquid once on fire.
3.5 Personnel safety
◆ Use proper handbarrow to carry the instrument and packaging box with care, so as to avoid any
personnel injury due to instrument falling.
◆ Ensure good power supply grounding to avoid any personnel injury.
◆ Power off first before wiping the instrument to avoid any electric shock, and use dry or slightly-wet
soft cloth to wipe the instrument surface (Do not try to wipe the internal of the instrument).
◆ Provide operators with special training first before operating the products, and take care during
operation. Assign personnel in normal healthy and mental conditions to operate the instrument, So
as to avoid any personnel injury or property damage.
◆ Do not use the product with damaged power line. Check regularly the power line for normal
condition. Take proper safety protection measures, and place the power line properly, so as to
ensure it is free of damage and personnel will not be subject to power line tripping or electric shock.
◆ Do not use the instrument outdoor in such disastrous weathers as thunder, so as to avoid any
instrument damage or personnel injury.

3
 Chapter I Overview
3.6 Environmental protection
We guarantee that the packing materials of the product are innocuous waste, which can be kept for
further transport, or treated as per local environmental regulatory requirements.
Components and parts replaced during maintenance and upgrading will be recycled by China
Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD; the scrapped instrument cannot be discarded or
disposed at will, which must be recycled by China Electronics Technology Instruments CO., LTD or
qualified professional recycling units.
Any battery replaced from the instrument cannot be discarded at will, which shall be recycled separately
as per the chemical scrap list.
The above-mentioned operations shall be conducted as per the Regulations on Recycling and
Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products and local environmental laws and regulations.
3.7 Other precautions
Read the manual carefully first before operating the instrument and pay attention to the following:
◆ Keep the instrument operating temperature at 0°C ~ +50°C, and do not block the ventilation opening
of the instrument cabinet during operation.
◆ Take antistatic measures such as antistatic table mat, ankle strip and wrist strip to prevent static
electricity from damaging the instrument, with antistatic voltage not exceeding 500V.
◆ Do not put weight on the instrument, so as to avoid any extrusion or damage to it.
◆ Use connectors and cables meeting the test requirement, and check them first before operation.
◆ Ensure the input signal power at the radio frequency input port of the instrument is lower than the
max. safety input level, so as to prevent the instrument from being burned down.
◆ During measurement, ensure the DC signal input power at the radio frequency input port is not
higher than the rated value, so as to prevent internal components of the instrument from being
damaged.
◆ During measurement, ensure there is no input signal at the radio frequency output port, so as to
prevent internal components of the instrument from being damaged.
◆ The user must understand the feature of the signal under test, so as to set various parameters for
the instrument properly.
◆ When testing the spectrum, radio frequency reception, and real-time spectrum, adjust the attenuator
or reference level to show the peak value of the signal under test below the screen in the form of
setting-flush or make the reference level at least 5dB higher than that of the signal under test.
◆ The user can delete the file saved by himself/herself rather than the system file.
◆ When transferring files via the USB port, make sure the carrier is security and reliable, so as to
prevent the instrument from being compromised.
◆ In case of any instrument failure, do not disassemble it. Just send it back to the factory for
maintenance.
safety symbols shown below are used in the manual. Please get familiar with them and their meanings
and read Part I of the manual at least first before operation, so as to guarantee personnel safety and
instrument performance.

Warning: “Warning” indicates a potential risk. It reminds the user of certain process to be
 paid special attention to. If proper operations or relevant rules are not conducted or followed
respectively, instrument damage or personnel injury can occur.

Caution: “Caution” reminds the user of information to be paid special attention to. It
！ reminds the user of the operation information or instruction to be paid attention to.

4
 Chapter I Overview
The manual consists of the following six chapters:
Chapter I introduces the features, application, basic composition and operation precautions of the
4945B/C radio communications test set.
Chapter II introduces the appearance of the 4945B/C radio communications test set.
Chapter III introduces the basic buttons and relevant functions of the 4945B/C radio communications
test set.
Chapter IV introduces the operation instructions of the 4945B/C radio communications test set.
Chapter V introduces the operation principles of the 4945B/C radio communications test set.
Chapter VI introduces the main technical indexes and test methods of the 4945B/C radio
communications test set.
Chapter VII introduces the maintenance and simple repairing methods of the 4945B/C radio
communications test set.
The appendix provides the software programming guide for the instrument.

5
 Part I Instructions

Part I Instructions

6
 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions

Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions

Section I Initial power-up
Warning: Use the three-hole AC power cord provided together with the instrument to
 supply power for the instrument, and make sure it is grounded well, so as to ensure
operation safety and normal instrument operation.

Warning: When the instrument operates in the cabinet, ensure sound ventilation for the
instrument. A thermal power of every 100 watts generated in the cabinet requires the
 environment temperature (outside the cabinet) is 4 degrees centigrade lower than the max.
operating temperature of the instrument. If the total thermal power exceeds 800 watts in
the cabinet, ventilating measures are compulsive.
The product has been subject to complete assembly and configuration before delivery. The user can just
connect it with a 3-hole AC power cord when operating it for the first time, with the start-up and warm-up
steps shown below:
1) Connect it with the power cord, and press the power switch to start up the product.
2) It will take about 30s for the product to conduct a series of self - checking, adjusting, data loading
and initialization procedures
3) Operate the product after being warmed up for more than 10 min.; to ensure the accuracy and
stability of the index test, warm the product up for more than 30 min. The figure below shows the
startup picture of the instrument:

Fig.2-1 Startup picture of the 4945B/C radio communications test set

Section II Instrument appearance and front panel
The product is portable, with the shell being made with the plastic mould and internal structure being
made with high-strength aluminum alloy. A draught fan is provided in the cabinet for forced air cooling.
The external surface of the instrument is subjected to anti-static plastic coating, and the internal is made
with ferronickel that features high permeability and electromagnetic shielding and is subjected to strict
heat treatment, so as to guarantee its sound electromagnetic compatibility.
The main panel schematic diagram of the product is shown in Fig. 2-2, with the front panel being the
main area for testing operation, including the power switch, high brightness color display, buttons in
various functional areas, input and output connectors and various prompt signs.
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 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions

h i j k l

a b c d e f g
Fig. 2-2 Front panel schematic diagram of the 4945B/C radio communications test set
a Power switch
The backlight of the power switch turns on automatically in the start-up status.
b Charging indicator light
The charging indicator light turns on automatically in the charging status provided the battery option is
available.
c Headset interface
The 7-core headset interface can be used for demodulation sound output, microphone input and
transceiver control during speaking test as well as voice releasing during radio frequency reception and
audio analysis. When identifying the microphone, the instrument switches the voice automatically from
the built-in Voice to microphone. Its interface definition is as follows:
Table 2-1 7-core headset interface definition

Pin
Definition Remarks
number
It is used to control the receipt and transmit of the tester in the
1 PTT (input) speaking mode, that is, the tester is in the transmit status when
grounded and in the receipt status when suspended.
2 MIC (input) Microphone input
Ground wire, which is connected to the microphone shielded wire at
3 AGND
the microphone end.
4 SPK+ (output) Positive pole of the output voice
5 SPK- (output) Negative pole of the output voice
6 -- Standby
Microphone identification line. It shall be shorted out to the AGND
wire at the microphone end, so that the tester can identify the
7 Link sign (input)
microphone is connected, and then switch the voice from the built-in
Voice in the tester to the microphone.

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 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions
Note: The 7-core headset interface can match the special microphone produced by China Electronics
Technology Instruments CO., LTD or that customized as per the definition above.
d Voice
The 4945B/C radio communications test set is provided with a Voice to output in real time the voice
demodulated by the analog modulation signal or analyzed by voice frequencies. The picture shows the
Voice position, and the buzzer opening shall be kept clean, so as to guarantee the sound effect.
e Volume control knob
It is used to adjust the built-in Voice volume.
f Input/output connector
It consists of the N-type RF input/output, TNC RF input, TNC RF output, BNC oscilloscope 1 input, BNC
oscilloscope 2 input, BNC audio input and BNC audio output.
g Stepping input area
【←】 and 【→】indicates leftwards and rightwards respectively, functioning the same with those of the
left and right keys on the standard keyboard; During parameter setting, the middle step key can be used
to call the input call dialog box for current parameter stepping setting.
h Display
The middle part of the display of the 4945B/C radio communications test set is the main display part,
with the lower and left parts showing the test results, and the right part showing test function selection.
i Data input area
It consists number keys and unit keys for inputting decimal data and relevant units. j
Function key area
It consists of operational keys corresponding to various functions of the tester. It includes such functions
as resetting, storage, calling, system, help, locking screen, and soft keyboard.
k Modifier key area
It includes the OK, Cancel, and TAB keys, with functions same with those of the corresponding keys on
the keyboard.
l Roller
It is used to move the cursor and change current parameter values. It can be used to change the
parameter as per current parameter stepping value easily.
Section III Back panel
The back panel schematic diagram of the product is shown in Fig. 2-3, which consists of various I/O
interfaces and heat emission holes.

9
 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions

n a b c d e f g h i j m o

Fig. 2-3 Rear panel schematic diagram of the 4945B/C radio communications test set
In addition to the network interface, RS232 (for system information output interface, which cannot be
remotely controlled), USB HOST, MINI USB (for system interface, which does not support USB storage
device), grounding and other system interfaces, the special connectors for the rear panel of the 4945B/C
are as follows:
a 10MHz reference output
b 10MHz reference input
c Demodulation audio output
It refers to the demodulation audio output in the radio frequency receiving function.
d Externally-modulated audio frequency input
It refers to the externally-modulated audio frequency input interface in the radio frequency emission
function when analog modulation is activated. It is related to the modulation degree of the internal
modulation source at about 1Vpp, with the max. input level not exceeding 1Vpp.
e Digital input synchronous clock (TTL level)
It refers to the digital input synchronous clock used for bit error rate measurement.
f Digital input (TTL level)
It refers to the 1-bit serial digital input during bit error rate measurement, which must be input together
with the input clock.
g Digital output synchronous clock
It refers to the synchronous clock output digitally by the built-in vector digital source in the radio
frequency emission function when vector modulation is activated.
h Digital output
It refers to the digital output of the built-in vector digital source in the radio frequency emission function
when vector modulation is activated.
i Digital input synchronous clock (232 level)
It refers to the digital input synchronous clock used for bit error rate measurement.

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 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions
j Digital input (232 level)
It refers to the 1-bit serial digital input during bit error rate measurement, which must be input together
with the input clock.
m 24V DC supply interface
n 26-core test interface, with definition as follows:
Table 2-2 26-core test interface definition
Pin
numbe Type Definition Remarks
r
It is used to control the receipt and emission of
the communication device under test in
1 PTT (output)
automatic test (which must be supported by the
communication device).
3 External EXT_MOD_CLK (output) Digital synchronous clock
vector
5 modulation External modulation digital serial input (which
EXT_MOD (input)
digital input must synchronize with the clock)
2 Q_NOISE_FLAG (input) The silencing indication input in automatic test.
4 -- Standby
6 -- Standby
7 CTS Standby
9 Standard RXD Standby
RS232
11 serial port RTS Standby
13 TXD Standby
One code element can output multiple bit serial
signals during such higher-order demodulations
Demodulati DEMOD_CODE_ST
8 as QPSK and 16QAM, and such signal is
(output)
on source regarded as the output indication of one code
code real - element.
time output
DEMOD_CODE_CLK
10 interface Digital output synchronous clock
(output)
12 DEMOD_CODE_D (output) Serial digital output
14 EXT_HOP_D (input) Serial frequency control word input
Serial frequency control word input synchronous
16 EXT_HOP_CLK (input)
clock
External
real-time It refers to the frequency hopping signal output
frequency control pulse, which is in the input status for
hopping receiving the frequency control word input at
SPI control level 0 and closes the signal output at the same
18 EXT_HOP_LD (input)
interface time, and locks and saves the frequency control
word input at the upper rising edge of the pulse
for the time being at level 1 and opens signal
output at the same time.
It refers to the audio input interface, which
Audio switches automatically the audio input interface
15 input/output EXT_AFIN (input) from the front panel to this signal line when the
auxiliary tester identifies the 26-core interface connection
interface in flag bit.
automatic
17 test AFOUT (output) It refers to the audio output interface, which
switches automatically the audio output interface
11
 Chapter II Basic Instrument Instructions
from the front panel to this signal line when the
tester identifies the 26-core interface connection
flag bit.
It refers to the 26-core interface connection flag
19 LINK_FLAG (input)
bit, which is available when grounded.
20 -- Standby
21 +24V When identifying the 26-core interface
connection flag bit, the tester can enable the
22 +24V power supply automatically. Otherwise, it will be
shut down. The max. current is about 0.4A.
23 Power +5V When identifying the 26-core interface
supply and connection flag bit, the tester can enable the
grounding power supply automatically. Otherwise, it will be
24 +5V
shut down. The max. current is about 0.4A.
25 GND Grounding
26 GND Grounding

Note: The 26-core test interface can match the special connector produced by China Electronics
Technology Instruments CO., LTD or that customized as per the definition above.
o Battery mounting cover;
Since the battery is a special one, the special battery options from China Electronics Technology
Instruments CO., LTD must be adopted. After battery installation, put the cover in place, ensuring the
two plastic clips on the upper part of the cover are put in place to prevent the battery from falling.

12
 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions

Chapter III Button Menu Instructions

Since the functional system of the 4945B/C radio communications test set is very complex, this chapter
enumerates and explains in details all control keys, function keys and various soft menus on the front
panel of the instrument by combination of graphic symbols to facilitate users’ locating and indexing,
starting from the simple enter keys.

Note: All items in solid brackets (“ 【**】”) shown in the manual are function keys,

！ corresponding to various function keys indicating specific functions on the front panel,
and each function is indicated on respective key.
All items in hollow brackets (“〖**〗”) shown in the manual are function indications,
corresponding to various functions shown in the soft menu area and various parameters
shown in the main display area.
Please pay attention to the difference between them.

Section I Data input key

Keys in the data input key area include the number key, unit key, rotary pulse generator (RPG), stepping
key, and left/right key, as shown in Fig. 3-1.

Fig. 3-1 Data input key area

There is no specific description on the function of number keys 【0】-【9】, because the number of the
key is the one to be input, whereas 【—】 is used to input the negative sign “-” for a negative value, and
【▪】to input the decimal point.
There are 4 keys in the unit area, each of which can be set with 4 units, namely, the 3 units printed on
the right of the key in addition to the frequency unit. In addition to setting units, the unit key can also act
as the Enter key for confirming some dimensionless parameters setting. The four unit keys function the
same in this circumstance.
The rotary pulse generator (RPG) and left/right keys can be used to change data conveniently and
quickly. The disc RPG knob can be rotated clockwise and anticlockwise to increase and decrease
corresponding data respectively. 【←】 and 【→】 are used to move the cursor.
【Step】 is used to control each parameter stepping. On any function interface, when the parameter
input field is enabled and in the input status, press 【Step】 to pop up the step input dialog box for such
input field, and then enter the step value (the step input supports only the confirmation function of the
unit key after number entry rather than the RPG operation). After that, press 【Step】 again or 【ESC】
to return to the previous parameter setting status, or click the non-parameter input area on the screen to
exit the step dialog box. After step setting, turn RPG to change the parameter.
Section II Function keys
The system auxiliary function keys of the 4945B/C radio communications test set are shown in Fig. 3-2,
with detailed function description for each key shown below:

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 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions

Fig. 3-2 Function keys area

a: 【Reset】 is used to return to the initial status of the system;
b: 【Save】 is used to save the test setting information, including current test window and parameter
setting in each test window, which saves current test result report on the automatic test interface;
c: 【Load】 is used to load the saved test setting information (which is the test result report on the
automatic test interface), as well as compare, view, export and print the test record;
d: 【System】 is used to view the system information;
e: 【Help】 is used to view the instrument help information;
f: 【Lock】 is used to lock the touchscreen, which will be disabled after being locked, and a lock sign will
be shown in the upper title bar of the display interface;
g: 【Keyboard】 is used to enable/disable the system keyboard and realize auxiliary character input;
h: 【Backspace】 is used to delete data, with the same function with that of the standard keyboard; i:
【Esc】 is used to cancel data editing, with the same function with that of the standard keyboard; j:
【Tab】is used to edit data and make tables, with the same function with that of the standard keyboard; k:
【Tab】 is used to confirm data editing, with the same function with that of the standard keyboard.

Section III User interface introduction

The user startup interface is shown in Fig. 3-3:

Fig. 3-3 Startup interface

The interface consists of four parts, namely, the upper feature bar, the right menu bar, the main working
area and the bottom auxiliary bar. It can be further divided into the following parts:
a: Function shortcuts area
There are some function shortcuts in the area, as shown in Fig. 3-4, which can be clicked directly to
realize relevant functions.

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 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions
Fig. 3-4 Function shortcuts area
Specific functions are shown from the left to the right as follows:
1: BK-Light and display mode selection
the default BK-Light is 〖BK-Light 4〗, and default display mode is 〖Day〗, which can be changed by the
user as required. The 〖Protect eye〗 mode interface is shown in Fig. 3-5:

Fig. 3-5 Protect eye mode

The 〖Night〗 mode interface is shown in Fig. 3-6:

Fig. 3-6 Night mode

2: Camera function
It can make screenshot, save it to the U disk or in the FTP directory as per user requirements (the user
can access the 4945 FTP directory and copy the image remotely via a network cable), and record image
and data conveniently.
3: Printing
It can print current screen image quickly provided the printer is connected, and relevant printing
information can be set. The 4945 tester supports only the USB printer with the PCL language printing
function, for example, the HP LaserJet 1022.
4: System option
The system option menu consists of the following options: 〖Memory〗, 〖TCP/IP 〗, 〖Log 〗,
〖Version/Update〗, 〖Option〗 and 〖Test〗. Whereas:
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 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions
〖Memory〗 is used to view the total and remaining space of the storage memory, program memory,
Nand Flash and SD card;
〖TCP/IP〗 is used to modify the IP, subnet mask, gateway and remote port number of the instrument;
〖Log〗 is used to view such information as user operation record and system error, with the function of
〖Clear record〗;
〖Version/Update〗 is used to view the software version number and machine serial number. The
system software can be updated via〖Update from USB〗and〖Update from FTP〗, and relevant options
can be activated by inputting the option serial number provided by China Electronics Technology
Instruments CO., LTD;
〖Option〗 is used to view and modify some system options, such as touch pen needle calibration and
modification, and switching to the user idle status and system idle status. The system can hibernate the
display automatically in the user idle status.
〖Test〗 is used to select the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement method in the Audio RX function.
5: Keyboard
It provides a keyboard to facilitate user’s text message editing. It is similar with the 【Keyboard】 on the
panel. Press it again to exit.
6: Save current status
It will save the current status to the local disk for loading. It saves current test records in the automatic
test mode.
7: Load/history record option
The option is corresponding to different options in different modes. In the general test mode, it displays
the status list saved previously, including four options (namely, 〖Clear list〗, 〖Delete selected〗, 〖Call
selected〗 and 〖Cancel〗) corresponding to relevant functions. It is in the history status in the automatic
test mode, showing the history test record list, view/comparison list, and the three options (namely,
〖Delete selected〗, 〖Clear list〗 and 〖View〗).
b: Main working area
The area occupies most part of the interface, is the main working area, can be used to display and
modify relevant function options, which will be introduced in details below.
c: Bottom function area
It locates at the bottom of the instrument interface, as shown in Fig. 3-7, mainly including three functions,
namely, RF connector selection, 10MHz frequency reference selection and date and time.

Fig. 3-7 Bottom function area

1: RF connector selection
The front panel of the instrument is provided with a RF input/output connector (T/R port), RF input
connector (ANT port), and RF output connector (GEN port), from which the RF input/output port can be
selected. The GEN port, ANT port and T/R port are used for only RF signal output, only RF signal input,
and both RF signal input and RF signal output respectively (The T/R port is provided with built-in
high-power attenuator, capable of supporting the input signal of up to 150W).
Click the icon on the title bar of each RF test function interface to switch the RF connector quickly.
The T/R port can be locked when testing the transmitter receiver. It will switch to the T/R port
automatically when switching to transmitter test in the locked status. When switching to receiver test,
because the signal source of the tester is output from the T/R port to the device under test, a prompt
“Please confirm the device under test is in the RF receipt status” will pop up, so as to protect the tester. It
will switch to the T/R port automatically after user confirmation.
2: 10MHz frequency reference selection

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 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions
The tester is provided with a 10MHz constant-temperature crystal oscillator to provide frequency
reference for the tester, which can be output from the rear panel of the tester; an external frequency
reference signal can also be introduced to be the frequency reference of the tester, which is used for
frequency marker synchronization between devices.
3: Date and time
It shows current date and time, which can be clicked to modify the time and date of the system.
4: Volume gear
The gear used to change the volume. Please select proper volume since too high volume can be
compressed, resulting in sound distortion.
d: Right slidable function menu area
Paging can be realized in the right menu area by just pressing and holding the screen and moving
up/down, or clicking the little dot in the right for quick paging. The menu area consists of 〖TX test〗,〖RX
Test〗, 〖Comm Test〗, 〖Auto Test〗, 〖Demodu〗, 〖Spectrum RX〗, 〖Real-Time 〗, 〖WB Power〗,
〖RF TX〗, 〖Audio TX〗, 〖Audio RX〗, 〖BER RX〗, 〖OSC〗 and 〖Debug〗 listed from the top
to bottom. 〖Debug〗 is used by the manufacturer for instrument debugging purpose, and users have no
permission to access or use it, whereas the remaining will be activated automatically as per the option
configuration.
Relevant menu interfaces are introduced in details below.
After startup, click the function menu in the right of the touchscreen to enable relevant test functions,
which can be used after such parameters as the frequency and amplitude are set.
1: 〖RF TX〗function interface:

Fig. 3-7 RF TX interface

Click 〖×〗 in the top right of the title bar in the main working area to close the function window quickly
and return to the empty interface defaulted for startup. Click 〖○→GEN〗 in the top right of the title bar in
the working area to switch the RF output connector (switching between the GEN and T/R port) quickly,
and click any data in the area to modify it accordingly, with the interface shown in Fig. 3-8, whereas:

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Fig. 3-8 Data modification interface

〖freq〗: It is used to set the frequency of the RF TX signal. The range of the output frequencies of the
4945B and 4945C are 100kHz～1.05GHz and 100kHz～3GHz respectively;
〖ampl〗: It is used to set the power of the output RF signal. The amplitude unit can be selected by
clicking the unit (such units as dBm, dBuV, dBmV, dBV, Volts and Watts are available), with amplitude
range of -127dBm~+8.0dBm (GEN port) and -130dBm~-30dBm (T/R port);
〖RF output〗: Check the small box in front of it to output signal from the selected RF connector;
〖freq style〗: Click the drop-down box in the right to select from the three frequency styles, namely, the
continuous frequency, internally-repeated frequency hopping and external real-time frequency hopping.
The continuous frequency is a type of dot frequency, the internally-repeated frequency hopping can set
the carrier to be switched as per specified dot number and time in certain frequency band, and the
external real-time frequency hopping can input control data from the serial port of the rear panel to set
the frequency of the RF TX carrier, so as to control the carrier in real time;
〖modu format〗: Click the box in the right to select the modulation format, including BPSK, QPSK,
DQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 2ASK, 2FSK, MSK, TCM-8PSK, FM, AM, LSB, USB and None. Select any
modulation format to activate relevant parameter setting, for example, select “BPSK” to set code
element rate (300Hz~5.0MHz), filter (RC, RRC and GAUSS), serial number (PN5) and (0.1~1.0),
select FM to select modulation sources (including the Sine, Square, Triangle, Sawtooth, 7-core
microphone and external frequency), set such modulation parameters as the rate and frequency
spectrum, and select “None” to output only the carrier signal with the RF signal not modulated.
2: The 〖Demodu〗interface is shown in Fig. 3-9:

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Fig. 3-9 Demodu interface

It is used to receive and analyze the signal, including signal modulation, and frequency error and power
measurement.
〖ref freq〗: It is the carrier frequency used for receiving signal, which is set to 300MHz in Fig. 3-9. If the
carrier frequency is uncertain, click 〖carry search〗 and select corresponding frequency band to be
searched, and the tester will search the carrier automatically; such auto search function is realized via
the spectrum function, and there is a little difference between the search result and actual carrier,
resulting in improper modulation if the IF WB is set too small or during vector modulation. It is suggested
to input the carrier frequency manually in this circumstance.
〖modu format〗: It is used to select the modulation format for receiving signals, including BPSK, QPSK,
DQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 2ASK, 2FSK, MSK, TCM-8PSK, FM, AM, LSB, USB and None.
〖atten〗 and 〖ref〗: Both of them can be used together, which are in the auto mode by default; when
the reference level is set, the attenuation changes accordingly; the attenuation can also be set manually
as required by clicking the box in the right of 〖atten〗; if the reference level is in the auto mode, its lower
limit is set to 0dBm. Please switch to the manual reference level mode and lower the level as per the
amplitude of the signal under test when measuring small signals.
Specific parameters for receiving and analyzing FM/AM/SSB analog modulation signals are as follows:
〖IF BW〗: It is used to set the intermediate frequency bandwidth in the receipt channel, which can be
selected from 300kHz, 100kHz, 30kHz, 25kHz, 12.5kHz, 10kHz, 8.33kHz and 6.25kHz. The IF BW value
selected shall not be lower than the IF BW value of the signal, and if the signal modulation format is FM，
the IF BW value selected shall not be lower than 2 times of both the FM frequency deviation and
modulation rate; if the signal to be measured is small, lower the intermediate frequency bandwidth
accordingly, so as to avoid any improper modulation.
〖filter〗 is used to conduct lowpass filtering on the modulated sound signal, which can be selected from
LPF 45kHz, LPF 20kHz, LPF 15kHz, LPF 5kHz, LPF 300Hz, LPF 50Hz (IF BW<30kHz), 300Hz ~20k,
300Hz ~15k, 300Hz ~5k and 300Hz ~3.4k. The filter shall be selected as per the modulated audio signal,
with the frequency covering the frequencies of the audio signals under test;
〖run/stop〗: Click it to start and stop signal receipt and analysis;
〖audio output〗: Click to check the small box in front of it to output the modulated audio signal from
corresponding connectors on the rear panel;
〖Voice〗: Click to check the small box in front of it to transmit the modulated audio signal to the Voice for
sound production. After that, the modulated audio signal can be heard.
The modulated signal waveform is shown at the middle of the screen, and the display time can be set by

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clicking the top right, whereas the analysis results of the received signals are displayed at the bottom of
the screen, including the carrier error, power, frequency deviation or modulation depth, modulation rate,
distortion, SINAD and SNR.
Parameters for receiving and analyzing the FSK/PSK/QAM vector modulation signal are as follows:
〖SR〗: It is used to set the code element rate of the vector signal, with a range of 1kHz～5MHz;
〖symbol num〗: It is used to set the number of symbols analyzed at one time, which is related to the
display, analysis and calculation of the results;
〖alpha/BT〗: It is used to set the form factor of the reference filter;
〖filter〗: It is used to set the reference filter, which can be selected from RC, RRC or GAUSS;
〖wave type〗: It is used to set the graph type, which can be selected from the star graph, vector graph,
eye graph and time IQ graph;
〖seq output〗: Click to check the small box in front of it to output the modulated digital signal from the
26-core connectors on the rear panel;
Note: Click the square icon in the upper right of the modulation graph to change the graph display style.
3: 〖Spectrum〗interface:

Fig. 3-10 Spectrum initial interface

〖atten〗 and 〖Ref〗: with functions same with that of 〖Demodu〗;
〖RBW〗: It is used to set the resolution Bandwidth, which is the min. distinguishable frequency space of
the received signal and coupled automatically as per the sweep width be default. Click the box in the
right to input the value, or change the value via RPG. It is switched to the manual status at this moment.
The RBW setting value ranges 30Hz~3MHz;
〖sweep〗: It is used to set the sweep time, which is coupled automatically with RBW and VBW as per
the sweep width by default, with setting range of 80ms~200s;
〖VBW〗: It is used to set the video bandwidth, which is coupled automatically with RBW by default. The
setting method is the same with that of the RBW, with setting range of 30Hz~3MHz;
〖average〗: It is used to enable or disable the video average function, which is “disabled” by default.
Check the small box in front of it to enable the video average function, and calculate the smooth trace via
continuous average. Input the average times in the input box in the right of the screen;
〖detector〗: It is used to select the digital detection method for the tester, which can be selected from
〖normal〗, 〖Positive Peak〗, 〖Negative Peak〗 and 〖Sampling〗, with 〖normal〗 to be the mode
for startup by default;

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〖dB/div〗: It is used to set the amplitude scale, with setting range of 1～20dB/scale.
The sweep spectrum waveform is shown in the center of the screen, with such icons as the peak,
secondary peak, left peak, right peak, minimum, peak to center shown in the right from the top to bottom.
Click 〖→〗 in the left of 〖center〗 to select 〖Show: Start-Stop〗 or 〖Show: Center-Sweeping〗 to
set the frequency sweeping band, or click 〖Zero frequency adjustment〗 to change the zero frequency
range of the spectrometer (which is set properly before delivery, and requires no adjustment from the
user).
〖Show: Start-Stop〗 is used to set the displayed frequency range by setting the start and end
frequencies;
〖Show: Center-Sweeping 〗 is used to set the displayed frequency range by setting the center
frequency and sweeping bandwidth.
〖trace A〗: Click it to select trace A or B.
〖clr write..〗: Click it to select Refresh (Clear), Max hold, Min. hold, Display or Blank:
Refresh: To refresh the sweeping result in real time;
Max hold: To hold the max. display at each frequency point;
Min. hold: To hold the min. display at each frequency point;
Display: To stop and save current refreshing result;
Blank: To hide the sweeping results.
〖Mkr 1〗: Click it to select the frequency marker, including Mkr 1, Mkr 2, Mkr 3 and Mkr 4;
〖Off〗: Click it to select the marker functions, including 〖Normal〗, 〖Marker error〗, 〖Separate in pair〗,
〖Trace in pair〗, 〖Close〗, 〖Trace: Auto〗, 〖Trace: A〗, 〖trace: B〗, 〖Noise Marker: On〗, 〖Noise
Marker: Off〗, 〖Clear mark〗 and 〖Search setting〗:
〖Normal〗: To be in the normal status, which is set by default;
〖Marker error〗: To measure the error between two markers (click it to turn the RPG roller to move the
marker with error, and show the frequency error and amplitude error between two markers in the middle
of the screen)
〖Separate in pair〗 and 〖Trace in pair〗: The two markers move in opposite directions and in the same
direction when separating in pair and tracing in pair respectively;
〖Close〗: To close the marker;
〖Trace: Auto〗: Click it to select the marker (which is in the automatic status be default), or select trace
A or B;
〖Noise Marker: On〗: Click it to open the noise marker function to measure the signal noise;
〖Clear mark〗: Click it to clear all opened markers;
〖Search setting〗: Click it to pop up a marker search parameter window for searching, including the
peak increase/decrease and peak limit.
4: 〖Real-Time〗 function

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Fig. 3-11 Real-time spectrum analysis interface

Real-time spectrum analysis is used to analyze the real-time spectrum contents of the signal, with max.
available analysis bandwidth of 60MHz. Click 〖Real-Time〗 to enter the function interface.
Click〖Time〗to select different domain range, including the〖Waterfall〗
,〖Time (frequency and range)〗,
〖Time (frequency)〗 and 〖Time (range)〗:
〖Waterfall〗: The signal frequency spectrum is shown at the top, and frequency spectrum contents at
different frequency points distinguished with colors shown at the bottom (the red indicates more contents,
whereas the green indicates less). In the single mode, the cursor can be dragged to view the frequency
point as well as the frequency and amplitude of the probability graph at any time in the lower display
window.
〖Time (frequency)〗: The signal frequency spectrum is shown at the top, and frequency contents
(namely, the modulation domain graph) related to the signal and time shown at the bottom; in respect of
frequency feature display, the probability at each frequency point is shown in the right of the lower
display window (the darker the color is, the bigger probability of the signal appeared at such frequency
point is within current show time), which can be used to test the frequency point of the frequency
hopping signal within the show time. In the single mode, the cursor can be dragged to view the
frequency point as well as the frequency and amplitude of the probability graph at any time in the lower
display window.
〖Time (range)〗: The signal frequency spectrum is shown at the top, and the amplitude related to the
signal and time shown at the bottom; the remaining measurement features are the same with those of
the 〖Time (frequency)〗;
〖Time (frequency and range)〗: Both the frequency and amplitude related to the signal and time are
shown at the bottom.
Click 〖Continuous〗 to select an analysis mode, including 〖Single〗 and 〖Continuous〗. In the
〖Continuous〗 mode, click 〖run/stop〗 to refresh continuously as per the display mode selected by the
user rather than seamless refreshing (the signal between the interval of refreshing will be lost); in the
〖Single〗, click 〖run/stop key〗 to capture signals seamlessly once, with capture length depending on
the time value set in “catch T”. After that, 〖run/stop key〗changes from green to red automatically, and
the frequency spectrum at any time within the duration can be viewed via the cursor.
Click 〖center〗 and 〖span〗 to set the frequency band of the signal to be analyzed.
Click 〖dB/div〗 to set the display scale, with range of 1dB~20dB.
Refer to 〖Demodu〗 mentioned above to set 〖ref〗 and 〖atten〗.

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〖catch T〗 is available in the Single mode, which can be used to set the single capturing duration. The
bigger the analysis bandwidth is, the smaller the duration will be. The max. duration is 1.34s when the
max. available analysis bandwidth is 60MHz.
Refer to 〖Spectrum〗 mentioned above to set the trace and marker.
In the single mode, after capturing is completed, click the screen to activate the cursor at the lower part
of the window, and drag the cursor to measure the graph displayed.
〖up〗 and 〖down〗 can be used to set the frequency range to be displayed. If 〖center〗, 〖up〗 and
〖down〗 are set to 300MHz, 50MHz and -50MHz respectively, the frequency range displayed is
250MHz~350MHz.
Within the capturing period, 〖start time〗 can be used to view the signal graph of corresponding start
time.
Within the capturing period, 〖show time〗 can be used to view the signal graph of corresponding show
time.
〖cursor spec〗 is available when the cursor is activated, which can be used to view the signal spectrum
of 1024 sampling points starting from the position where current cursor locates. If the available analysis
bandwidth is 60MHz, the sampling rate is 100MHz, and for other analysis bandwidth, the sampling rate
increases by power of 2.
5: 〖Audio TX〗 function

Fig. 3-12 Audio frequency generation interface

Click 〖Audio TX〗 to enter the Audio frequency generation interface.
Click 〖audio src〗 to select〖Sine〗, 〖Square〗, 〖Triangle〗 and〖Sawtooth〗.
Click 〖Frequency〗 to set the frequency for the audio frequency generation, with range of 20Hz~20kHz.
Click 〖level〗 to set the power for the audio frequency generation, with range of 1mVrms~7Vrms.
Click 〖ohm〗 to select the output impedance from 150Ω, 600Ω and high-Z. Since the internal resistance
of the tester is small, the signal output level is changed actually at different output impedance.
Check the small box in front of the 〖output〗 to output the set audio signal, which is the main switch for
single or dual audio output.
If a dual audio output mode is required, set the frequency, level and relative phase of the auxiliary audio,
check the small box in front of the〖dule〗to enable the dual audio output mode. In the dual audio output
mode, the superposition level of the signal shall not exceed 7Vrms, otherwise the signal will be distorted
severely.

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6: 〖Audio RX〗 function
Click 〖Audio RX〗 to enter the Audio frequency analysis interface.
Click 〖wave〗 to select the graph display area below to display the time or spectrum.
Click 〖filter〗 to select different audio filters, including LPF 20kHz, LPF 15kHz, LPF 5kHz, LPF 300Hz,
LPF 50Hz, 300Hz ~20k, 300Hz ~15k, 300Hz ~5k and 300Hz ~3.4k, which can be selected properly as
per the bandwidth of the input signal.
Click 〖ohm〗 to select the input impedance for the tester from 150Ω, 600Ω and high-Z.
Click 〖RX chl〗 to select the audio analysis voltage range from 30V~8Vpp, 8V~1Vpp, 1V~200mVpp,
<200mVpp and Auto as per the input signal level. Please note that when measuring the signal with DC
offset, the measuring span must cover the DC level. If the signal amplitude is uncertain, select Auto.
After that, the tester can specify the signal automatically and select proper span.
If 〖Auto Test Frequency〗 is selected, the test frequency is positioned at the peak frequency point
automatically.
〖snr freq〗is available only when the test frequency is in other modes rather than Auto, which is used to
select the frequency for the test audio manually. For example, in case of multiple audio signals, the
frequency of one of them can be selected for testing.
〖SNR ref lock〗 is available only when “reference is locked in case of any noise” in the SNR measuring
mode. Click it, and the tester will record the noise power of current testing frequency (the test frequency
must be set manually at this time). When the signal is activated, calculate the SNR via the ratio between
the signal power and the noise power.
Click 〖Voice〗 to activate the sound of the real-time output audio of the built-in Voice.
After setting, the audio analysis waveform will be displayed on the main screen, and analysis data
displayed on the lower part of the screen, including the frequency, level, distortion, sinad, SNR, and
audio power.
Click the upper right on the waveform analysis screen to set the show time, that is, click 〖<〗and 〖>〗
to increase and decrease the show time respectively.
Note: Click the square icon in the upper right of the modulation graph to change the graph display style.

Fig. 3-13 Audio analysis interface

7: 〖BER RX〗 function interface:

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Fig. 3-14 Bit error analysis interface

Click 〖BER RX〗 to enter the bit error analysis function interface. The bit error analysis function shall be
used together with the RF transmitting function for proper coder error measurement. The vector
modulation function in the RF emission is used to modulate the original code flow to the carrier for
transmitting and outputting to the equipment under test; after receiving the modulated signal, the
equipment under test modulates the original code and outputs it to the tester, and then the tester
compares such code flow with the internal original code flow, thus getting the bit error rate.
Click 〖data len〗 to set the length of single data analysis, including 1kb, 10kb, 100kb, 1Mb and 10Mb. In
case of low signal rate, select a short analysis length.
Click 〖input〗 to select a level input interface on the rear panel, including the TTL level and 232 level.
Click the small box in front of 〖input data reverse〗 to realize data inverting.
The bit error rate tested will be shown in the test results. The word “unsynchronized” appeared below in
red indicates the input code flow synchronous clock is abnormal or the bit error rate is too big (which
cannot exceed 3 bits for every 10 continuous bits). Please check to confirm whether the input code flow
synchronous clock is abnormal or the bit error rate is too big.
8: 〖WB Power〗 function interface:

Fig. 3-15 Wide-band power measurement interface

Click 〖WB Power〗 to enter the power measurement interface:

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Click 〖freq〗 to set the frequency point for power measurement, with available frequency range of
400kHz～1.05GHz (4945B) and 400kHz～3GHz (4945C); set the reference frequency as per the carrier
frequency of the signal under test to avoid too big measurement error.
Click 〖unit〗 to select the unit for the power to be measured, including dBm, dBuV, dBmV, dBV, V and
Watts.
The signal power of such frequency point can be measured after setting. Please pay attention to the
power measurement range of the ANT port and T/R port. If the input power is too small, it cannot be
measured correctly, and the displayed value will be inconsistent with the actual power value.
9: 〖OSC〗 function
Click 〖OSC〗 to enter the oscilloscope function interface:
Click 〖mode〗 to select the mode from Auto and Normal. In the Auto mode, neither of the outputs can
be triggered via rolling, that is, both outputs are displayed in waveform; in the normal mode, one input
can be selected to be triggered and the other displayed in waveform. Click 〖trig time〗 in the lower right
of the screen to set the time starting from triggering.
Click 〖run/stop〗 to run or stop the oscilloscope scanning.
Click 〖Single〗 to set the scanning to be in the single mode, which stops after scanning one frame; if the
single mode is not selected, the oscilloscope will be in the continuous scanning mode.
Click 〖horizon〗 to set the display time.
Select channel 1 or 2 as per the interface of the oscilloscope connected, with each channel including the
following functions:
〖coup style〗: Both DC and AC are available. The former shall be selected when the signal is a DC one
or the frequency is very low, whereas the latter is selected when the signal frequency is high.
〖offset〗: It refers to the vertical deviation distance of the signal. When it is 0, the signal locates in the
center of the screen vertical position.
〖ver scale〗: It is used to set the unit of the vertical coordinate.
〖ampl Mrk〗: It is used to measure the signal amplitude.
〖time Mrk〗: It is used to select different point in time for the signal.
〖trig time〗: It is used to select the starting time for triggering.

Fig. 3-16 Oscilloscope interface

In addition to single measuring function mentioned above, multiple interfaces of the tester can be

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combined together to facilitate user’s observation and measurement. In the combined interface, click
〖×〗and〖□〗on the title bar in the upper right of each sub-interface to close or maximize it respectively.
For example:
10: RF emission and audio analysis (receiver test):

Fig. 3-17 Combined interface: RF emission and audio analysis

11: RF receipt and audio generation (transmitter test):

Fig. 3-18 Combined interface: RF receipt and audio generation

12: RF emission, RF receipt, audio generation and audio analysis:

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Fig. 3-19 Combined interface: RF emission, RF receipt, audio generation and audio analysis
13: Auto test:

Fig. 3-20: Auto test interface

The built-in auto test software of the tester is used to conduct auto test or auto guiding test on the
equipment to be tested. The auto test software supports the working parameters of the equipment under
test as well as such functions as qualification threshold editing, free selection of test items, auto
measurement on test items during test, measuring report generation, and test result saving and viewing.
Click 〖Settings〗 and select 〖New〗 to create the name of the equipment to be tested. If the equipment
same has been created, select〖Select equipment under test〗to select the equipment to be tested from
the equipment names created. After that, click 〖Settings〗 > 〖Inherit〗 to create an inherited equipment
for testing based on the current device parameters. Click〖Settings〗>〖Edit〗to edit current equipment
parameters, 〖Settings〗 >〖Delete〗 to delete current equipment under test, and 〖Settings〗 > 〖Share
to another instrument〗 to send the model and configuration file of current equipment to another
comprehensive radio tester via the network cable.
Click 〖New〗, 〖Edit〗 or〖Inherit〗 to pop up the parameter editing dialog box of the equipment under
test, from which the working parameters and qualification threshold can be edited, including the carrier,
modulation/sensitivity, rejection ratio, audio/noise, frequency hopping and control options, whereas:

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 Chapter III Button Menu Instructions
“Carrier” is used to set the working frequency and allowable error, emission power and allowable error,
allowable harmonic wave and stray error, and parameters related to adjacent channel power
measurement;
“Modulation/sensitivity” is used to select the modulation method, pilot frequency, rated frequency
deviation, rated sensitivity and max. input power.
“Rejection ratio” is used to set the IF frequency point and its allowable rejection ratio, as well as the
frequency point of the image frequency and its allowable rejection ratio;
“Audio/noise” is used to set the reference audio level, allowable level error, SNR of big signals, allowable
audio wave distortion, and noise characteristics;
“Frequency hopping” is used to set the start frequency, end frequency, rated rate and switching time for
frequency hopping;
“Control” is used to select whether to control the PPT of the equipment under test automatically. The
26-core test bus on the rear panel of the test is provided with the PPT control output cable. The receipt
and transmission functions of the equipment under test that supports the PPT control can be controlled
automatically during test rather than setting it to the receipt or transmission status manually.
Select the name of the equipment under test and then click 〖Option〗 to select the test items, including
“Working frequency error”, “Emission power”, “Harmonic emission component”, “Parasitic emission
component”, “Transmitter analog modulation...”, and “ACPR”.
After editing the auto test device and test options, click 〖Start〗 to enable the auto test function, 〖Stop〗
to stop the auto test function, 〖Cont〗 to continue auto test function after testing one index, 〖Clear〗
to clear current data and then 〖Start〗 to start the test again.
〖Single〗 indicates the auto test is in the single mode, which stops after the selected indexes are tested;
〖Cycle〗 indicates the auto test is in the cycle mode, which starts over again after the selected indexes
are tested.
The tested indexes and results will be displayed on the main screen, including 〖output〗, 〖Pass〗,
〖Critical〗, 〖Error〗 and 〖UnTest〗.
After test, a prompt will pop up, indicating to save the test result as per the saving icon on the upper part
of the screen.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Chapter IV Operating Instructions

The chapter introduces the functions and measuring techniques of the tester via some typical test
examples.
Section I RF Emission
The section introduces the RF signal generation of the 4945B/C radio communications test set. Start up
the tester and warm up for 15 minutes, and then click 〖RF TX〗 to switch to the signal source setting
mode.
1 Dot frequency signal
1) Select 〖RF TX〗 in the function menu;
2) Click 〖freq〗 in the upper left of the screen to enter the frequency value;
3) Click 〖ampl〗 to enter the power value;
4) Click 〖RF output〗 in the upper left of the screen to enable the signal output function. After that, the
dot frequency signal is output from the RF output connector, with the display interface shown in Fig.
4-1.

Fig. 4-1 RF TX startup interface

2 Analog modulation signal
1) Select 〖RF TX〗 in the function menu;
2) Click 〖freq〗 to enter the frequency value, and 〖ampl〗 to enter the amplitude value;
3) Click 〖modu format〗 to select the modulation format. For example, select FM, and click 〖Freq
Dev〗 to set it to 10kHz;
4) Click 〖modu src〗 to select Sine, and 〖rate〗 to set it to 1 kHz;
5) Click 〖modu src 2〗 to enable or disable it as required;
6) Check 〖RF output〗 in the upper right of the screen to output the modulated signal from the RF
output connector.
The modulated signal output is shown in Fig. 4-2, whereas the modulation source is internal, with the
modulation rate, frequency deviation, carrier frequency and carrier amplitude of 1kHz, 10kHz, 300MHz
and -127dBm respectively.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-2 FM signal output interface

3 Digital modulation signal
1) Select 〖RF TX〗 in the function menu;
2) Click 〖freq〗 to enter the frequency value, and 〖ampl〗 to enter the amplitude value;
3) Click 〖modu format〗 to select QPSK, 〖sym rate〗 to set it to 1MHz, 〖filter〗 to select RRC，
and 〖 〗 to set it to 0.50;
4) Check 〖RF output〗 in the upper right of the screen to output the modulated signal from the RF
output connector.
The QPSK signal output is shown in Fig. 4-3, whereas the modulation source is internal, with the signal
rate, filter type, value, carrier frequency and carrier amplitude of 1MHz, RRC, 0.5, 300MHz and
0dBm respectively.

Fig. 4-3 Digital modulation signal output interface

4 Frequency hopping signal generation
1) Select 〖RF TX〗 in the function menu;
2) Click 〖freq style〗 to select the internally-repeated frequency hopping, and 〖set freq hop〗 to set
the start frequency, end frequency and number of frequency points;

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions
3) Click〖ampl〗 to enter the amplitude of 0dBm, and check 〖RF output〗 in the upper right of the
screen to output the modulated signal from the RF output connector.
Frequency hopping signal output is shown in Fig. 4-4, with the format of modulation-free, frequency
hopping format of internally-repeated frequency hopping, and carrier amplitude of 0dBm.

Fig. 4-4 Frequency hopping signal output interface

Section II RF receipt
The section introduces RF receipt operations of the 4945B/C radio communications test set, and takes
the Aglient E4438C signal generator for RF signal generation, with instrument wiring shown in Fig. 4-5.
Start up the tester and warm it up for 15 minutes, and then click 〖Demodu〗 in the upper right of the
screen to switch to the RF receipt performance test mode.

Radio communications test set

Signal generator

RF output RF input

Fig. 4-5 RF receiver wiring diagram

1 FM demodulation
1) Connect the RF output of the signal generator to the RF input ANT port of the 4945B/C;
2) Reset and set the signal source as follows:
Frequency: 300MHz
Power: 0dBm
FM modulation: Enable
Modulation rate: 1kHz
Frequency deviation: 100kHz
3) Turn on the signal source RF switch;
4) Click 〖Demodu〗 of the 4945B/C to enter the RF receipt performance test mode;
5) Click〖modu format〗in the left of the screen to switch it to FM，and set the IF bandwidth and audio
filter as per the input frequency deviation and modulation rate. In this case, the instrument can be

32
 Chapter IV Operating Instructions
set as follows:
Reference carrier: 300MHz
Modulation format: FM
IF bandwidth: 300kHz
Audio filter: LPF 5kHz
The screen will show the modulation rate, frequency deviation and other parameters of the signal
modulated while waiting for second counting. It is shown in Fig. 4-6.

Fig. 4-6 FM demodulation interface

2 Digital demodulation
1) Connect the instrument;
2) Reset and set the signal source as follows:
Frequency: 300MHz
Power: +2dBm
Modulation format: QPSK
Code element rate: 1 MHz
Filter: RRC
factor: 0.5
3) Turn on the signal source RF switch;
4) Click 〖Demodu〗 of the 4945B/C to enter the RF receipt performance test mode;
5) Click 〖modu format〗 to switch to QPSK, and conduct setting as per the input code element rate
and filter. In this case, the instrument can be set as follows:
Reference carrier: 300MHz
Modulation format: QPSK
Code element rate: 1 MHz
Filter: RRC
factor:0.5
Vector graph type: Star
The screen will show the star diagram and parameter rest results while waiting for second counting. It is
33
 Chapter IV Operating Instructions
shown in Fig. 4-7.

Fig. 4-7 Digital demodulation interface

Section III Wide-band power measurement
The 4945B/C radio communications test set can be used to measure the broadband signal power, with
measuring steps shown below:
1) Connect the instrument as per Fig. 4-5;
2) Reset and set the signal source as follows: Frequency: 1 GHz; power: 0dBm; turn on the signal
source RF switch;
3) Click 〖WB Power〗 in the right menu of the main interface of 4945B/C:
4) Click 〖freq〗 and 〖unit〗 for relevant setting on the lower part of the screen as per the input signal.
After that, the power value of the signal under test can be seen, as shown in Fig. 4-8.

Fig. 4-8 Power measuring result

Section IV Sweeping spectrum
The section introduces the signal measuring method via the sweeping spectrum function of the 4945B/C
radio communications test set, and the 1473 programmable multimode signal source is adopted in this

34
 Chapter IV Operating Instructions
case. If other instrument is used for testing, the result may differ.
Start up the instrument and warm it up for 15 minutes, and then connect the instrument as per Fig. 4-9;

Programmable multimode signal source Radio communications test set

RF output RF input

Fig. 4-9 Wiring diagram for sweeping spectrum measuring

The measuring steps are shown as follows:
1) Connect the instrument;
2) Reset and set the signal source as follows:
Frequency: 300MHz
Power: -15 dBm
3) Turn on the signal source RF switch;
4) Click 〖Spectrum〗 in the right menu of the main interface of 4945B/C to enter the sweeping
spectrum working mode;
5) Click 〖center〗 and 〖sweep〗 for relevant setting on the lower part of the screen as per the input
signal. After that, the spectrum of the signal under test can be seen, as shown in Fig. 4-10.

Fig. 4-10 Spectrum measuring interface

In the Spectrum mode, the power of specific frequency point can be measured easily via the marker.
4945B/C provides a shortcut option to use the marker for measurement, as shown in Fig. 4-11, through
which such values as the peak, secondary peak, left peak and right peak can be measured easily.
Meanwhile, the instrument can support multiple-marker measurement, and Markers 1-4 can be selected
from the function menu in the left of the interface. The measuring case shown in Fig. 4-10 selects Marker
1 for peak measurement.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-11 Marker measurement shortcut

Section V Real-time signal analysis
The 4945B/C radio communications test set supports the real-time signal analysis of effective bandwidth
of 60MHz, and the signal spectrum contents can be shown in real time in the form of waterfall, frequency
time domain and amplitude domain. Start up the instrument and warm it up for 15 min., and then click
〖Real-Time〗 in the right menu of the main interface to enter the real-time spectrum analysis mode.
1) Connect the instrument as per Fig. 4-5;
2) Reset and set the signal source as follows:
Sweeping type: Sweep
Frequency start point: 570MHz
Frequency end point: 630MHz
Number of points: 11
Power: 0dBm
3) Turn on the signal source RF switch;
4) Click 〖Real-Time〗 in the right menu of the main interface of 4945B/C to enter the real-time
spectrum analysis mode;
5) Click 〖center〗 and 〖span〗, 〖up〗, 〖down〗 and 〖show time〗 for relevant setting on the
lower part of the screen as per the input signal. After that, the spectrum of the signal under test can
be seen, as shown in Fig. 4-12.

Fig. 4-12 Real-time spectrum analysis interface

Section VI Audio generation
The section introduces the audio signal generation of the 4945B/C radio communications test set. Start
up the instrument and warm it for 15 min., and then click 〖Audio TX〗 in the right menu of the main
interface to enter the audio generation mode.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions
The instrument supports both the single audio and dual audio modes. If only single audio is required, just
click 〖output〗; if dual audio is required, click 〖dule (dual audio)〗. Check the IF output to set relevant
parameters, including 〖audio src〗, 〖Frequency〗, 〖level〗 and 〖ohm〗 of the output audio. 〖phase
oft〗 can be set in the dual audio mode. The interface is shown in Fig. 4-13:

Fig. 4-13 Audio output interface

Section VII Audio analysis
The section introduces audio signal analysis operations of the 4945B/C radio communications test set,
and takes the Aglient E4438C signal generator for audio signal generation, with instrument wiring shown
in Fig. 4-14. Start up the instrument and warm it for 15 min., and then click 〖Audio RX〗 in the right
menu of the main interface to enter the audio analysis mode.

Signal generator Radio communications test set

LF output

Audio input

Fig. 4-14 Audio analyzer connection diagram

The 4945B/C radio communications test set supports the measurement on the audio frequency,
amplitude, SNR and distortion. Here take the single audio signal for example to describe basic
operations for audio analysis.
Reset and set the LF output frequency of the signal generator to be 1kHz, and amplitude to be 1Vrms.
In the audio analysis mode, set the input impedance and filter as per the input signal. After that, the
signals under test and analysis results are shown on the interface. In this case, the filter, input
impedance and self-selected frequency are set to LPF5kHz, high-Z and 1kHz respectively, with analysis
results shown in Fig. 4-15.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-15 Audio analysis results

Section VIII Bit error measurement
The 4945B/C radio communications test set supports data generation and bit error measurement, with
measuring steps shown below:
1) Connect the data output clock with the data input clock (TTL), and the data output with data input
(TTL) on the rear panel of the instrument respectively;
2) Click 〖RF TX〗 to set as follows:
Carrier frequency: 1GHz, carrier amplitude: 0dBm;
Format: BPSK;
Code element rate: 500kHz, filter: RRC;
Click 〖Int Seq (PN5)..〗 to set the bit error rate to be 0.0100000, and select the option to output it to
the panel;
3) Click 〖BER RX〗 to set as follows:
Single data length: 1Mb;
Input level selection: TTL;
After that, the bit error rate test result can be seen, as shown in Fig. 4-16:

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-16 Bit error measurement result

Section IV Oscilloscope
The section introduces the oscilloscope function operations of the 4945B/C radio communications test
set, and takes the Aglient E4438C signal generator for input signal generation, with instrument wiring
shown in Fig. 4-17. Start up the instrument and warm it for 15 min., and then click 〖OSC〗 in the right
menu of the main interface to enter the oscilloscope operation mode.

Signal generator Radio communications test set

LF output

Oscilloscope input

Fig. 4-17 Oscilloscope function connection diagram

The 4945B/C radio communications test set supports the signal input of dual-channel oscilloscope. Here
take channel 1 of the oscilloscope to demonstrate the oscilloscope function.
1) Reset and set the signal generator as follows:
LF output frequency: 1kHz
Amplitude: 1.4Vp
2) Click 〖OSC〗 in the right of the main interface to set as follows:
Horizontal scale: 500us/scale
Channel 1: Open; coupling method: DC; vertical scale 1: 1V/ scale
Channel 2: Close
After that, click to operate.
The oscilloscope test result is shown in Fig. 4-18.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-18 Oscilloscope test result

Section X Auto test
The section introduces the audio test operation of the signal generation of the 4945B/C radio
communications test set. Start up the instrument and warm it for 15 min., and then click 〖Auto Test〗 in
the lower right of the main interface to enter the auto test mode.
Click 〖Settings〗 to create or select a device to be tested. When creating a device to be tested, the
device parameters can be set as well, and parameters that can be set are shown in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Parameters of the device to be tested that can be set for auto test
Operating frequency Allowable error
Emission power Allowable error
Allowable harmonic wave Allowable stray
Carrier Number of adjacent channels to be measured
Channel bandwidth
Channel spacing
Allowable error for adjacent channel power ratio
Modulation format
Pilot carrier frequency
With pilot frequency
Rated pilot frequency deviation
Transmitter sensitivity
Modulation/sensitivity Receiver sensitivity
Sensitivity reference SINAD
Max input power received
Standard input power received
Rated frequency modulation deviation
Amplitude
IF rejection ratio Add
Frequency
Rejection ratio Delete
Amplitude
Image frequency rejection ratio
Frequency Add

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Delete
Audio impedance
Reference output level Allowable level error
Allowable big signal SNR
Audio/noise
Allowable harmonic distortion
Noise sensitivity
Noise hysteresis
Start frequency of frequency Hopping
End frequency of frequency Hopping
Frequency Hopping
Frequency Hopping rate
Frequency switching time
Control Auto control of the PTT of the equipment under test
When creating a device to be tested, the existing device to be tested can be inherited to be a new one.
Click 〖Settings〗 > 〖Select equipment under test〗to select the device to be inherited for test, and then
click 〖Settings〗 > 〖Inherit〗 to inherited current device and create a new one quickly. Click 〖Settings〗
to edit or delete the selected device to be tested, or 〖Settings〗 > 〖Share to another instrument〗 to
share the parameter files of current device to be tested to another 4945B/C tester.
After editing the parameters of the device to be tested, click OK to save such parameters. After that, the
device to be tested can be selected from the list of devices to be tested.
After select a device to be tested, click 〖Option〗 to select items for the test, which is to select all by
default, and the user can select it based actual conditions. Click 〖Single〗 to switch it to 〖Cycle〗, that
is, current test mode is switched to the cycle test, and vice versa. In the single mode, the test stops after
all test items are completed; in the cycle mode, the test starts over again after all test items are
completed, and the latest test result will overwrite the previous one, which can be used for continuous
monitoring on several features of the device under test.
After selecting the test items and modes, click 〖Start〗 to start auto test. During the test, click 〖Pause〗
to pause the test, and 〖Stop〗 to stop and exit the test.
Current test results can be viewed via the output software interface both during and after the test. Click
〖output〗 to show current test progress and relevant prompt, 〖Pass〗 to view the passed test items,
〖Critical〗 to view the critical test items, 〖Error〗 to view the error test items, and 〖UnTest〗 to view
the untested items.
After the test, click 【Save】 on the title bar on top of the interface to save the test result, and then
〖Clear〗 to clear current test result and data on the software interface.
During auto test, the RF interface is locked with the T/R port automatically, which cannot be set by the
user. Fig. 4-19 shows the interface for testing the FM device.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Fig. 4-19 Auto testing interface

At present, the auto test software can support the communication feature test on communication devices
in the analog system and emission performance test on frequency hopping signal, and relevant signal
cable must be connected during test, with typical test connection diagram shown in Fig. 4-20.

Audio cable 2
Audio cable 1
RF cable

Fig. 4-20 Typical auto test connection diagram

As shown in the figure above, connect the antenna port of the radio under test, audio output port of the
radio and audio input port of the radio with the T/R port of the tester, audio analysis input of the tester
and audio generation output of the tester respectively. The audio output and input ports of some radios
locate on the microphone connector. In this case, pull out the microphone and rotate the signal wire out.
Before auto test, set relevant operation status for the radio; during the test, operate the radio as per the
prompt shown on the screen of the tester, for example, to switch between the emission status and
receipt status.
4945B/C is provided with a PTT signal control interface for radios supporting external PPT control of
emission and receipt, which can be used to control the emission and receipt of the communication
device automatically during the test. Set working parameters of the radio first before test, so as to avoid
any operation on the radio and realize the one-click test featuring emission and receipt, with typical
connection diagram of the tester and radio for the one-click test shown in Fig. 4-21.

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 Chapter IV Operating Instructions

Connect to the 26-core port

PPT control line Connect to

PPT

Audio cable 2
Audio cable 1
RF cable

Fig. 4-21 Typical one-click auto test connection diagram

43
 Part II Technical Instructions

Part II Technical
Instructions

44
 Chapter V Working Principles

Chapter V Working Principles

This chapter will briefly introduce the working principles of 4945B/C radio communications test set and
its modules.
Section I Working Principles of the Tester
1. Overall Hardware Solution
The 4945B/C radio communications test set, combining the technical status of corresponding products
at home and abroad and with the testing requirements of national defense equipment for frequency
hopping communication and microwave communication, adopts the overall technical solution
incorporating the digital intermediate frequency (IF) solution based on software radio and the microwave
frequency conversion solution based on broadband frequency conversion and the software and
hardware structure based on software radio. The design of the whole device focuses on the
modularization of the structure and the integration of the functions for flexible configuration and
optimization of the functions.
The hardware mainly consists of CPU processor control and driving module, audio/bit error generation
and analysis module, IF signal analysis and modulation analysis module, IF signal generation and
modulation generation module, general frequency hopping/coding controller module, broadband
frequency hopping signal analysis module, broadband hopping local oscillator module, frequency
reference generation module, microwave local oscillator synthesis module, signal reception microwave
frequency mixing and filtering module, signal generation microwave frequency mixing and filtering
module, fixed amplitude, attenuation, switch driving, power supply module and test interface module.
The testing function is implemented through software DSP, which includes general frequency
hopping/modulation coding control software, audio generation and analysis software, data generation
and bit error analysis software, frequency hopping DDS generation software, digital IF signal generation
software, broadband frequency hopping signal analysis software, and digital IF signal analysis software,
etc. The broadband frequency conversion module includes 60 MHz bandwidth frequency hopping local
oscillator generation module, low phase noise microwave synthesis local oscillator module, frequency
mixing and filtering module, and switching filter module, etc.
The whole device adopts technical solutions based on software radio, and all testing functions are
implemented by software. The technical solution system structure of the device consists of three parts,
namely, the software (DSP+FPGA), DA/AD conversion, and RF channel/interface. The software part
completes all the test functions of the whole device, and software design is also the most critical part of
the whole device. The DA/AD conversion part completes the conversion between digital signals and
analog signals, including the double DA conversion of digital IF DA and double DDS, broadband
interleaved sampling AD, digital IF AD conversion, and audio DA/AD conversion; The RF channel /
interface part includes RF TX up-conversion and RF RX down-conversion.
When a RF signal is generated, the software generates digital IF DDS signals. After DA conversion, 600
MHz IF signals are generated, with the instantaneous bandwidth of 60 MHz, carrying frequency hopping
and modulation signals. After microwave up-conversion and switching filtering with the microwave
synthesis local oscillator, the signals are output after fixed amplitude control and attenuation. When
receiving radio frequency signals, the input signals are first down-converted to 600 MHz IF through
microwave, where the 600 MHz IF is provided to the broadband sampling module for frequency hopping
signal analysis, and the sampled signals are multiplexed in FPGA for digital IF analysis, including sweep
spectrum analysis, modulation signal analysis, and frequency/power measurements, etc. The audio/bit
error generation and analysis modules generate audio or bit error signals, which can be directly
modulated internally or modulated after being encoded by the general frequency hopping/modulation
coding module. The testing functions in the overall technical solution can all be implemented by software,
showing strong expandability.
The hardware composition block diagram is shown in Fig. 5-1:

45
 Chapter V Working Principles

External MIC interface Ethernet USB AC/DC power Earphone Demodulation

modulation (7-core interface) interface output
input interface port interface interface
(7-core interface) interface,
Embedded
speaker

Touch screen + ARM11 main controller

Color LCD + control software Power module
display (WinCE OS)

Data bus

All-digital IF signal generation module All-digital IF signal analysis module

(FPGA + 2 GHz sampling rate DA) (FPGA + 200MHz sampling rate AD)

Audio generation analysis, oscilloscope, digital

600MHz generation analysis module (FPGA+DA+AD) 140MHz
IF IF

4 GHz local oscillator and frequency 4 GHz local oscillator and frequency
conversion module conversion module

4.6GHz 4.14GHz
IF IF
Frequency
reference

4 ~ 5 G local oscillator and frequency 4 ~ 5 G local oscillator and frequency

conversion module (type B) conversion module (type B)

4～ 8 G local oscillator and frequency 4～ 8 G local oscillator and frequency

conversion module (type C) conversion module (type C)

Broadband
power meter

Reverse power High power attenuation (max. input 150 W)

protection Program-controlled attenuation and switch
circuit matrix module

26-core test Keyboard/RPG/LED Audio in/out, oscilloscope GEN T/R interface ANT interface
interface interface in/out, digital in/out interface interface

Fig. 5-1 Hardware block diagram of 4945B/C radio communications test set
2. Overall Software Solution
The tester is based on an all-digital architecture, and all testing functions are implemented by software,
such as frequency hopping signal generation and analysis, analog/digital modulation signal generation
and analysis, spectrum analysis, audio signal generation and analysis, bit error generation and analysis,
power measurement, and frequency measurement, etc. The software, adopting an open architecture, is
reconfigurable and extensible.
The software levels of the whole device, from top down, can be divided into the physical layer software,
the driver layer software and the application layer software from bottom to top: the application layer

46
 Chapter V Working Principles
software interacts with users and operating systems; The driver layer encapsulates drivers of software
and hardware modules, with each hardware module corresponding to a unique driver. After the functions
are expanded or the hardware modules are replaced, users will only need to update corresponding
drivers; the physical layer software, including FPGA software, bottom control logic software, etc.,
implements various testing functions, . The functional block diagram of the host software is shown in Fig.
5-2:

Software platforms
(Industrial computers, WindowsCE System, Visual C++ Programming Language)

Application layer software (open, reconfigurable and scalable):

Man- Displ Calib Para Equip Auto Test Sub-t

mach ay ration meter ment test data est
mana
ine contr & mana contr mana functi
geme
interf ol diagn geme nt ol geme ons
ace osis nt nt

idl standard component interface

Driver layer software (reconfigurable and scalable):

Driving the physical layer module, encapsulating drivers of different test functions, idl
standard interface and dll library, capable of adapting to different application program calls.

RF Sweep Real-ti Modul Frequ Power Audio Bit error

Signal Spectru me ation ency meas gener generat
m ion
Gener analysi signal signal meas ureme ation analysi
ation s analys analys ureme nt analys s
is is nt is

Internal data bus

Physical layer software ( FPGA software, underlying control logic software,

reconfigurable and scalable):
Audio Digita Univers Broadb Broadb Microw Transmi Receivi Fixed
al and and ave tting ng amplitu
Bit l IF frequen Freque Freque local Freque frequen de
error Gene cy ncy ncy oscillato ncy cy attenuat
hopping hopping hopping r mixing mixing ion
gener ration Modulat signal signal synthesi and and switch
ation Analy ion generati analysis s filtering filtering control
Analy sis coding on control compon compon
ent ent
sis

Software

Hardware
Platforms DA / AD conversion

RF channel/interface

In/out

Fig. 5 -2 Overall software solution based on software radio

47
 Chapter V Working Principles
As shown in Fig. 5-2, his project adopts an appropriate industrial control computer as the software
platform, which adopts standard buses for data exchange with various circuit modules. The host
computer controls all modules. Considering the convenience of software development, ease of use of
the user interface and system reliability, WindowsCE is adopted as the operating system of the main
control computer, Visual C++ is adopted as the programming language, and visual studio 2005 is
adopted as the compiler for software development.
The application layer software, adopting an open design, mainly includes man-machine interface
software, display control, calibration and diagnosis software, parameter management, equipment
management software, equipment automatic test software and test data management software, etc. The
display control mainly provides the man-computer interaction function. It adopts WindowsCE as the
platform to display various settings, test data and test waveforms; It also manages, stores and transmits
various configuration files, result files and data stream files. The equipment management software can
be used to set up databases. User can set test items, test parameters and test limits of the specific
equipment to be tested, and store the information of the equipment to be tested in the local computer to
be called conveniently. The automatic test software is responsible for automatically executing the tests
or guiding the test processes according to the test items selected by users and the configured equipment
parameters. During the test, each test sub-function or any combination of sub-functions is called
internally to achieve the purpose of item-by-item test. The test data management software is used to
store, call or export test parameters.
Section II Working Principles of the RF Frequency Conversion Module
The broadband RF transceiver module directly affects the performance and technical indicators of the
instrument. Military communication mostly adopts the half-duplex transceiver mode. Therefore, the RF
RX/TX module channel of this project is also designed to be the half-duplex transceiver mode. The
modules mainly include reference generation, ultra-broadband local oscillator synthesis, broadband
mixer, adjustable filter, RF switch, and attenuator, etc. In addition to the RF channel, the whole RF
transceiver module also includes control of various circuits, such as filter adjustment, switch control,
attenuation control, and Σ-Δ modulation, etc.
1 Working Principles of RF Signal Generation
The RF conversion function of the transmitter is to convert the 600 MHz IF into 1 MHz-1.05 GHz RF
output, with the real-time bandwidth of 60 M. The local oscillation signal 4.601-7.6 GHz is provided by
the local oscillation module of the transmitter board, and so is 4 GHz. The working principle is shown in
Fig. 5-3.
600 MHz IF
4.6GHz

First local
oscillator:
4GHz

Fixed Reverse
ampli power
tude protector
1MHz~1.05 GHz (Model B) Stepping
1MHz~3 GHz (Model C) attenuator
+5～-127 dBm
Second local oscillator:
(GEN port)
4.6~5.6 GHz (Model B)
4.6~7.6GHz (Model C)
-30～-130 dBm
High (T/R port)
power
attenuator

48
 Chapter V Working Principles
Fig. 5-3 RF conversion scheme of the transmitter
2 Working Principles of RF Signal Reception
The RF conversion function of the receiver is to convert the 1 MHz-1.05 GHz RF input into 600 MHz IF,
with the real-time bandwidth of 60 MHz and the spectrum sweep function supported. The local oscillation
signals, 4-8GHz of the first local oscillator and 4 GHz of the second local oscillator, are provided by the
local oscillation module of the transmitter board. The working principle is shown in Fig. 5-4.
First mixer
1 MHz~3 GHz input

T/R port Stepping

High attenuator
power
attenuator First local oscillator (with zero
frequency suppression)
4.14~7.14 GHz
(10 MHz stepping)

Second mixer
IF filtering

140MHz IF
Controllable
Second local oscillator: gain
4GHz
(Sweep 10MHz, 20 kHz
stepping)

Fig. 5-4 RF conversion scheme of the receiver

3 Working Principles of the Local Oscillator Signal Generation
The local oscillators in this project are designed to 4-8GHz. The devices are implemented through
integrated PLL and integrated broadband VCO. The working principle is shown in Fig. 5-5.

Referen
Integrated PLL
~ ce ~
4～8 GHz
Output
100MHz low VCO
phase noise
oscillator

Fig. 5-5 Schematic diagram of local oscillation generation

Section III Working Principles of the Digital Processing Module
The digital board utilizes digital signal processing to realize such functions as the generation of IF
(continuous wave generation, frequency hopping generation and modulation generation), the reception
analysis of IF (broadband real-time signal analysis, spectrum analysis, and demodulation analysis), the
generation and reception of audio frequency, the generation and reception of digital sequence, and test
control (7-core and 26-core interface), etc. The digital processing module mainly includes the following
functional units:
(1) Embedded CPU unit
It achieves man-machine interaction processing, device control and communication of LAN, USB and
other interfaces.
(2) Signal RX analysis unit

49
 Chapter V Working Principles
The IF signal of 600 MHz is input to the digital processing board and is digitally sampled by ADC. The
sampled data is sent to FPGA for such processes as digital down-conversion, bandwidth shaping
filtering, analog modulation signal demodulation, and amplitude frequency calculation, and the results
are sent to ARM for analysis and display.
The IF signal analysis of the receiver adopts a 200 MHz sampling ADC chip (IF 140 MHz). The block
diagram for the principle of the digital signal processing part is shown in Fig. 5-6:
FPGA

Multi-field analysis
200 MHz clock 0°
Spectrum analysis, parallel
FFT
Digital Variab
down- le Waterfall chart analysis
conve band
ADC
rsion, width
shifte extrac
140MHz d tion, Time-freq analysis
±30 MHz phase filterin (modulation domain)
IF input correc g and
tion trigger
Power-time analysis
proce
ssing

DDR3 Demodulation analysis

90°
SDRAM extension
storage

Fig. 5-6 Block diagram of receiver IF digital signal processing

(3) Signal generation unit
The DDS core in FPGA generates carrier signals and I and Q data of various modulation waveforms,
which are sent to DAC after digital up-conversion in FPGA and then to the RF channel board after
passing through the band-pass filter. The audio frequency process is as follows, digital signals are
generated by DDS in FPGA and then output to the instrument panel after being converted into audio
signals by the audio DAC. The internal design principle of FPGA is shown in Fig. 5-7:

Digital signal processing software DSP/FPGA

External
real-time FM, AM Channel I
Multi
waveform Baseband signal
Channel Q path
/code generation Channel
Digital arbitrary wave paral
stream I lel
Co poly Parallel Parallel
Code FIR Res Inter phas multiplex
stream Sy filte mpe multipl
am nsat polat e up
mb ring plin Channel ion ex conversion To
Dat ion inter
Pse ol g I filteri DDS DAC
a polat
udo- ma ng
rand co ion
din ppi
om Co Channel filteri
seq g ng FIR Res
mpe
filte am Q Channel ng
uen nsat
ring plin Q
ce ion
g

Fig. 5-7 Block diagram of transmitter IF digital signal processing

(4) Bit error test function unit
The FPGA generates a reference code pattern consistent with the code streams to be tested, then
compares the reference code pattern with the code streams to be tested one by one, records the number
of bit errors, and calculates the bit error rate.
(5) Clock generation function unit
The processing clock of each unit is provided. The clock generation chip includes a VCO, which is
50
 Chapter V Working Principles
configu d by ARM 10 gene le clock signals of 200MHz and 2GHz and provide Ihem 10 IF ADCFPGA
and IF DAC respeclively

51
 Chapter V Working Principles
Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Section I Main Technical Indicators
1 RF Signal Generation
1.1 Frequency
Frequency range: 1 MHz~1.05 GHz(Model 4945B, available to 100 kHz)，1 MHz~3 GHz(Model 4945C,
available to 100 kHz)
Resolution: 1 Hz
Accuracy: frequency standard ± 1 Hz (common time base), better than 10-6 (non-common time base)
1.2 Power
Power range: -130～-35 dBm(T/R port)，-110~+5 dBm (GEN port, complicated modulation up to 0 dBm)
Resolution: 0.1 dB
Accuracy: ±1.5 dB (≥-110 dBm), ±2.0 dB (＜-110 dBm)
Max Power: 150W
1.3 Spectrum purity
Harmonic: <- 25 dBc (>1 MHz)
Non-harmonic: <-35 dBc (>1 MHz, @+5 dBm output)
Phase noise: -93 dBc/Hz@20 kHz(≤1.05 GHz ),-90 dBc/Hz@20 kHz (>1.05 GHz )
1.4 Analog modulation
Modulation sources: sine, square wave, triangle, sawtooth, dual tone (with pilot), external audio
Range FM: +5dBm to -110dBm
Internal FM frequency deviation: 0~150 kHz
Internal FM frequency deviation accuracy: ±5% (Frequency deviation range: 5~150 kHz )
Internal FM modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
Range AM: 0 to -110dBm
Internal AM modulation range: 0~100%
Internal AM accuracy: ±5 % (modulation range 10~90%)
Internal AM modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
Sensitivity: 10 μV for 10 dB EIA SINAD
Internal SSB modulation options: USB, LSB
Internal SSB modulation rate: 300 Hz~5 kHz
External FM/AM/SSB modulation rate: 20 Hz~15 kHz (FM, AM), 300 Hz~3 kHz (SSB)
1.5 Digital vector modulation (optional)
Modulation formats: 2ASK, 2FSK, GMSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM
Modulation bandwidth: 10 kHz～10 MHz
Maximum code element rate: 5 MHz
Data sources: alternating among PRBS, all 0, all 1, and 01
Filters: RC, RRC, and GAUSS
EVM: ≤2%rms (code element rate ≤1 MHz), ≤3% rms (symbol＞1 MHz)
1.6 Frequency hopping signal generation (optional)
Frequency hopping bandwidth: 1 MHz～60 MHz
Maximum non-repetitive frequency hopping pattern length: 4,000
Frequency agility time: < 10 μs
56
 Chapter V Working Principles
Maximum frequency hopping rate: 100,000 times/s
Hopping mode: Internal step repetition, external SPI frequency control
2 RF Signal Analysis
2.1 Sweep Spectrum Analysis (Receive Signal Strength Level Meter)
Frequency range: 100 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 100 kHz~3 GHz(Model 4945C)
Sweep: 0Hz ~ full sweep
Reference level range: +54 dBm~-50 dBm (T/R port), +20 dBm~-80 dBm (ANT port)
Display dynamic range: better than 70 dB
Units: V, dBm, dBuV, dBmV, and Watts
Level accuracy: ±1.5 dB
Average noise level: -125 dBm (ANT port, RBW=30 Hz, reference level-70 dBm),
-75 dBm (T/R port, RBW=30 Hz, reference level-10 dBm)
Resolution bandwidth: 30 Hz～3 MHz (1-10 steps)
Resolution bandwidth accuracy: ±10% (RBW=3 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 300 kHz), ±25% (RBW=3 MHz),
±20% (RBW≤300 Hz)
Resolution bandwidth switching error: ±1 dB
Sweep time: 100 ms~100 s
Sweep mode: continuous, single time
2.2 Broadband Power Meter (RMS Detection Method)
Frequency range: 300kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 300kHz~3 GHz(Model 4945C)
Power measurement range: when 100 mW~150 W (T/R port, ＞40 W, continuous input for a single time
not exceeding 1 min, interval between two continuous inputs not shorter than 2 min), 0.1 mW~100 mW
(ANT port)
Measuring accuracy: 15% (typical + 19 dBm input) or better than ± 1 dB
Signal types: continuous wave (CW), frequency modulation (FM)
2.3 Narrow-band Power Meter
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth),
300 kHz~3GHz (Model 4945C, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth)
Power range: +51 dBm~-40 dBm(T/R port)，+10 dBm~-80 dBm (ANT port)
Power measurement accuracy: ±2.0 dB
Sensitivity: 2.0μV for 10 dB EIA SINAD
AM RX bandwidth: 6.25, 8.33, 10, 12.5, 25, and 30 kHz
FM RX bandwidth: 6.25, 10, 12.5, 25, 30, 100, and 300 kHz
2.4 Frequency Error Meter
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth),
300 kHz~3GHz (Model 4945C, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth),
Frequency resolution: 1 Hz
Accuracy: frequency standard ± 1 Hz
2.5 Analog Modulation Signal Demodulation and Analysis (Transmitter Test)
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz, up to 100kHz(Model 4945B, low frequency depending on small IF
bandwidth),
300 kHz~3GHz, up to 100kHz(Model 4945C, low frequency depending on small
57
 Chapter V Working Principles
IF bandwidth)
Demodulation formats: FM, AM, and SSB
Demodulation counter frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz
Demodulation counter resolution: 0.1 Hz

FM frequency deviation meter range: 0~150 kHz

FM frequency deviation meter accuracy: ±5% (Frequency deviation range: 5~150 kHz, modulation rate:
1 kHz)
FM frequency deviation meter modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
FM Narrowband Sensitivity: 2.0 μV for 10 dB EIA SINAD
FM Broadband Sensitivity: 10 μV for 10 dB EIA SINAD
AM modulation meter range: 0~100%
AM modulation meter accuracy: ±5% (modulation range 30%~90%, modulation rate 1 kHz)
AM modulation meter modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
AM Sensitivity: 10 μV for 10 dB EIA SINAD
SSB modulation meter modulation rate: 300 Hz~5 kHz
Demodulation bandwidth: 6.25, 8.33, 10, 12.5, 25, 30, 100, and 300 kHz
Reference level range: +54 dBm~-50 dBm (T/R port), +20 dBm~-80 dBm (ANT port)
Audio filter: Low-pass: 300Hz, 5 kHz, 15 kHz, and 20 kHz,
Band pass: 0.3~3.4 kHz, 0.3~5 kHz, 0.3~15 kHz, and 0.3~20 kHz
2.6 Digital Modulation Signal Demodulation and Analysis (Optional)
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth),
300 kHz~3GHz (Model 4945C, low frequency depending on small IF bandwidth)
Demodulation formats: GMSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM
Modulation bandwidth: 10 kHz~10 MHz
Maximum code element rate: 5 MHz
Filters: RC, RRC, and GAUSS
2.7 Frequency Hopping Signal Analysis (Real-time Channel Spectrum Analysis, Optional)
Real-time analysis bandwidth: 60 MHz, 30 MHz, 15 MHz, 7.5 MHz, 3.75 MHz and 1.875 MHz
Analysis domains: time-frequency (modulation domain), time-amplitude, time-spectrum (3D waterfall),
Spectrum of any moment during the capturing period (single-time mode)
Single-time capture storage depth: 8Gb
Minimum time resolution: 10 ns
3 Audio Signal Generation
Waveform: sine, square wave, triangle, and sawtooth
Signal type: single-tone, dual-tone
Frequency: 20Hz~20 kHz (sine), 20 Hz~4 kHz (square wave, triangle, and sawtooth)
Frequency resolution: 0.1Hz
Frequency accuracy: 0.1 Hz
Level range: 1mv~7vrms (10 kΩ load)
Level accuracy: ±5% (10 kΩ load, ≥10 mVrms)
4 Audio Signal Analysis
4.1 Input
58
 Chapter V Working Principles
Input impedance: 150 Ω, 600 Ω, high impedance
Maximum input level: 30 Vrms (high impedance, positive peak or negative peak ≤42.5Vp)
Low pass filter: 300Hz, 5 kHz, 15 kHz, and 20 kHz
Bandpass filter: 0.3~3.4 kHz, 0.3~5 kHz, 0.3~15 kHz, and 0.3~20 kHz
4.2 Frequency Meter
Frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz Input
level: 20 mV~30 Vrms Resolution: 0.1Hz
Accuracy: 1 Hz
4.3 Level Meter
Frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz
Input level: 0~30 Vrms
Units: V, dBV, and dBm
Accuracy: ±5% (high impedance, ≥10 mVrms)
4.4 SINAD Meter Measuring range:
0~60 dB Resolution: 0.1 dB
Accuracy: ±1.0 Db @ 12dB
Frequency range: 300Hz~10kHz
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms
4.5 Distortion Meter
Measuring range: 0~90%
Accuracy: ＜±0.5% (distortion＜10%), ＜±1.0% (distortion≥10%)
Frequency range: 300Hz~5kHz
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms
4.6 SNR Meter
Measuring range: 3~60 dB
Accuracy: ±1.0dB (SNR ＞20 dB, ≤40 dB)
Frequency range: 300Hz~10kHz
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms
5 Oscilloscope (Optional)
Number of channels: 2
Frequency range: DC~4MHz
Vertical scale: 10 mV~10V/scale (1, 2 and 5 steps)
Horizontal scale: 1 us~1 s/scale (1, 2 and 5 steps)
Coupling mode: DC, AC
Input impedance: 1 MΩ
Trigger source: channel 1, channel 2
Trigger mode: rising edge, falling edge
6 Digital Sequence and Bit Error Analysis (Optional)
Data format: PN3, PN5, PN9, PN11
Baud rate: 300 bps to 1 Mbps (BPSK, GMSK, 2FSK, 2ASK) Bit
error rate measurement range: 0.1~0.000001
59
 Chapter V Working Principles
7 Frequency Reference
Frequency: 10MHz
Aging rate: 1 x 10-7/year
Temperature stability: ±0.05 ppm (0°
C~50°
C)
8 Functions of the Automatic Test Software
Automatic test software: encapsulates general test function of the whole device for automatic guided test
of the transmission and reception of fixed-frequency analog communication equipment and the main
characteristics of the transmission of the frequency hopping communication equipment.
The automatic test software includes such functions as online editing of parameters of the device under
test, automatic guided testing, and management of test results.
9 Tactical Features of the Product
9.1 Structure and Appearance
Structure: portable casing and all structural parts are complete and assembled firmly;
Colors: the front panel is white, and the rear panel is dark gray, no scratches or obvious stains.
This instrument features neat and beautiful appearance, clear text display on the screen and panel,
flexible key operation, and convenient and reliable connection of the connectors.
The Chinese operation interface is friendly, easy to operate and use.
9.2 Mechanical Features
Weight: about 10kg;
Maximum outside dimensions: W × H × D (in mm, excluding handles and legs): 426223180;
Mechanical stability: the instrument should not be turned over during normal operation and work.
9.3 Power Supply
It can be powered by AC power or DC power supply: external AC 198 V~ 242 V ( 100 V ~ 242 V
acceptable), 50 Hz ± 5 Hz; or external DC 24 V ± 2 V (16~28 V acceptable);
It supports a dedicated internal rechargeable li-ion battery option.
9.4 Safety
Compliant with provisions in 3.10.2 of GJB 3947A-2009.
9.5 Environmental Adaptability
Compliant with level-3 environmental requirements in GJB3947A-2009.
9.6 Reliability
MTBF (θ0) ≥6000 h.
9.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility
Compliant with provisions in Table 4 in 3.9.1 of GJB3947A-2009.
9.8 Maintainability
The instrument should comply with Article 3.13 of GJB3947A-2009, with the specific requirements as
follows:
Unit level maintenance should be achieved according to the functions of different units;
MTTR: shorter than 1 h.
9.9 Marking
The marking of the instrument should comply with Article 3.11 of GJB3947A-2009, with the specific
requirements as follows:
a) Model and name: 4945B or 4945C radio communications test set;
b) Production month and year and number;
60
 Chapter VI Technicallndicators and Te ing Melhods
C) Manufaclurer: China Eleclronics Technology Inslrumenls CO.LTD
The graphic marking for packaging and slo ge should comply wilh GB/T191-2008
9.10 Inlerfaces
USB RS232 and LAN where Ihe LAN inlerface can be remolely conlrolled (see Appendix -
Programmer's Manual for delails)

57
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Section II Testing Methods
1 Testing Instruments
Instruments for testing the indicators of this device must have and maintain sufficient accuracy, quality
and quantity of test equipment and inspection facilities, be verified and qualified by the metrological
authorities, and be within the validity period of measurement. See Table 6-1 for testing instruments and
equipment.
Table 6-1 Testing instruments and equipment
Recommended
Serial No. Device name Main technical indicators
model
Frequency range: 250kHz~6GHz
Frequency resolution: 0.01Hz
Power output :-136 dBm~+20 dBm (max. fixed
amplitude +19 dBm)
Signal Power accuracy: ±0.5 dB
1 Agilent E4438C
generator
Low-frequency output frequency: 0.01 Hz ~ 100 kHz
Low-frequency output amplitude: 4 mVp～5 Vp
Support for low-frequency dual-tone output:
amplitude percentage 0.1~99.9%
Frequency range: 10Hz~20GHz
Frequency HP5350B or
2 Sensitivity: ≤ -40 dBm
meter 3212
Frequency resolution: 1 Hz
Spectrum Frequency scope: 2 Hz~13.6 GHz
analyzer
Average noise level: -169 dBm (3 GHz)
3 (With vector R&S FSW13
Level measurement accuracy: ±0.4 dB
signal analysis
option) IQ demodulation bandwidth: 10 MHz

Real-time
spectrum
analyzer Frequency scope: 9kHz~14GHz
(Option for Max. real-time acquisition bandwidth: 110MHz
4 RSA6114A
measuring Min. time resolution: 6.6667 ns (110 MHz
frequency bandwidth)
hopping signal
generation)
Audio analysis frequency range: 80 Hz~110 kHz
AC level measurement accuracy: full scale ± 2% (1
kHz)
5 Audio analyzer VA2230A
Audio generation frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz
Frequency accuracy: 0.005%
Level accuracy: ±0.5 dB (≥-40dBV)
Oscilloscope
calibrator
6 (Option for Resistance measurement accuracy: ±0.5% Fluke9500B
measuring
oscilloscope)
Fast edge
probe
Rising time: 150 ps
7 (Option for Fluke9530
Voltage output range: 5 mVpp-3 Vpp
measuring
oscilloscope)

58
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods

3.5 bits
Digital
8 Test resistance range: 40 MΩ Fluke15B
multimeter
Resistance test resolution: 0.1 Ω
Directional
9 Frequency range: 1MHz~2GHz 70608
coupler
Fujitec
10 Load 50 Ω
SMA-50JR
2 Functional Inspection Methods
2.1 Pre-operation Inspection
According to the results of visual inspection, the instrument should have complete outside structure, with
the keys, switches, knobs, and connectors installed firmly, with clear on/off status, flexible rotation,
correct position and without mechanical damages affecting normal operation.
2.2 Normal Functionality Inspection
Check 4945B/C for normal functionality according to the following method and record the results in Table
A.1.
2.2.1 Generation and analysis of AM, FM, and SSB signals and digital vector signals
As shown in Fig. 6 - 1, connect the test instrument, set 4945B/C to the radio frequency RT mode with the
frequency of 1.05 GHz and the amplitude of - 10 dBm; set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer
to 1.05 GHz, the reference level to 0 dBm, and the sweep to 10 kHz. Set the modulation format and
modulation parameters of 4945B/C and the corresponding demodulation format of the spectrum
analyzer as required to monitor the measured values of demodulated signals. AM, FM, and SSB signals
and 2FSK, QPSK, 16QAM and other digital vector signal generation functions should all be normal.
GEN port
(T/R port)
R&S FSW13 RF input 4945B/C Radio
Spectrum analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-1 Block diagram for RF signal generation characteristics test

As shown in Fig. 6-2, set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz and the amplitude to
-10 dBm; set 4945B/C to the RF signal RX mode with the reference frequency of 1.05 GHz and the
reference level of 0 dBm. Set the modulation format and modulation parameters of the signal generator
and the corresponding demodulation format of 4945B/C as required to monitor the measured values of
demodulated signals. AM, FM, and SSB signals and 2FSK, QPSK, 16QAM and other digital vector
signal analysis functions should all be normal.
ANT port
(T/R port)
Agilent E4438C RF output 4945B/C Radio
Signal generator communications test set

Fig. 6-2 Block diagram for RF RX and sweep spectrum characteristics tests
2.2.2 Generation and analysis of 60 MHz bandwidth frequency hopping signals
The generation and analysis functions of 60 MHz bandwidth frequency hopping signals should be
normal as validated respectively with the testing methods mentioned in 3.1.9 and 3.2.15 of these
specifications.
2.2.3 Full-sweep spectrum Analysis
As shown in Fig. 6-2, set 4945B/C to the sweep spectrum mode, and set the frequency value of the
signal generator according to the full-sweep range, and the spectrum analysis function of 4945B/C
should be normal.
2.2.4 Frequency error measurement, broadband and narrow-band power measurement

59
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
As shown in Fig. 6-2, set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz and the amplitude to
-10 dBm; set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode with the reference frequency of 1.05 GHz, enable frequency
error, broadband and narrow-band measurement functions, which should be normal after testing.
2.2.5 Measurement of audio level, frequency, SINAD, distortion and SNR;
As shown in Fig. 6-3, connect the test instrument and set the frequency and amplitude of signals output
from the low frequency interface of the signal generator; set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode and
setting corresponding measurement parameters, and the audio level, frequency, SINAD, distortion and
SNR measurement functions should be normal.

Agilent E4438C LF output Audio input 4945B/C Radio

Signal generator communications test set

Fig. 6-3 Block diagram for audio signal analysis characteristics test
2.2.6 High-precision dual-tone audio signal source and built-in modulation source;
As shown in Fig. 6-4, connect the test instrument and set 4945B/C to the audio generation mode, and
the function of the audio analyzer to measure the audio signal source should be normal. As shown in Fig.
6-1, connect the test instrument and set 4945B/C to the FM mode, and the function of the built-in
modulation source should be normal.

VA2230A Audio Audio input Audio output 4945B/C Radio

analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-4 Block diagram for audio signal generation characteristics test
2.2.7 Digital sequence generation and bit error analysis (optional)
The digital sequence generation and bit error analysis functions should be normal as validated with the
testing method mentioned in 3.6.1 of these specifications.
2.2.8 Dual channel 4 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope
As shown in Fig. 6-5, set 4945B/C to the oscilloscope analysis mode; set the RF output frequency of the
signal generator to 4 MHz and the amplitude to +6 dBm; and the analysis and display functions of the
oscilloscope should be normal.

Agilent E4438C RF output Oscilloscope input 4945B/C Radio

Signal generator communications test set

Fig. 6-5 Block diagram for oscilloscope characteristics test

2.2.9 Auto test software
Set 4945B/C to the automatic test mode, where test parameters, indicators and test items of typical radio
stations or communication equipment can be configured, the test functions of automatic guided radio
stations or communication equipment should be normal. For radio stations or communication devices
with fixed frequency analog voice communication and supporting PTT controlled stations, one-key test
can be performed. For such indicators of automatic guided test stations or communication equipment as
working frequency error, transmission power, harmonic transmission component, parasitic transmission
component, adjacent channel power ratio, transmitter modulation sensitivity, sideband suppression,
carrier suppression, pilot frequency, pilot rated frequency deviation, frequency hopping signal bandwidth,
frequency hopping signal amplitude, frequency hopping rate, frequency hopping frequency switching
time, receiver sensitivity, large SNR, audio output power, and audio harmonic distortion, the test
capabilities and technical indicators of the automatic tests are the same as those of general test
functions; when it is necessary to change the cable or set the state of the radio station or communication
equipment during the test, the user will be automatically prompted for corresponding operation, and the
rest of the test process will be completed automatically after the operation; upon completion of the test, a
test report is automatically generated, specifying qualified, critical and unqualified items, and supporting
storage, viewing, comparison, export and other operations of the report.
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
For analog fixed-frequency voice communication stations, 4945B/C has the PTT signal control interface,
which can control the transmitting and receiving of stations or communication equipment with
corresponding control interfaces during the test, thus realizing one-key test of its main receiving and
transmitting characteristics. An example of a typical one-key automatic test procedure is as follows:
1) Connect 4945B/C to the station under test, connect the T/R interface of 4945B/C to the antenna
interface of the station, connect the PPT line in the 26-core interface of 4945B/C to the PPT interface of
the station, connect the audio generation interface of 4945B/C to the audio input interface of the station,
and connect the audio analysis interface of 4945B/C to the sound output interface of the station;
2) Set the station to the fixed-frequency operation mode, with the working frequency of 80 MHz and the
communication mode of FM voice communication, and the power to rated value;
3) Switch 4945B/C to the automatic test interface, set the model of the station to be tested, edit the
parameters of the station according to the characteristics of the station, such as: working frequency of 80
MHz, transmission power of 2 W, rated pilot frequency deviation of 2.5 kHz, reception sensitivity of -110
dBm, harmonic transmission component of -40 dB, and maximum audio output SNR of 40 dB, etc. After
the edition, press the Save key to store such settings in 4945B/C;
4) Select the model of tested radio station model edited in step 3 from the automatic test interface, select
the test items (all to be tested by default), select the one time or cyclic test method, press the "Start" key,
and 4945B/C will prompt the user to confirm the connection method before the test. Press the "Continue"
key to start automatic test after confirmation;
5) During the test, 4945B/C controls the transceiver status of the radio station by controlling PTT in the
26-core interface, receives and transmits signals from and to the radio station through the radio
frequency interface, and generates and analyzes audio signals through the audio interface. After each
test item is completed, 4945B/C will prompt whether the test item is qualified, and distinguish the
qualified from the unqualified with different colors, and then automatically execute the next test.
6) After all test items are tested, press the "Save" key to save the test results. 4945B/C will prompt the
user to input the tester, the test environment and the serial number of the tested station. 4945B/C will
save the above input information together with the station model, date, time and test data into the test
results;
7) After the test results are saved, all the test records saved in 4945B/C can be viewed with the "Load"
key, and the test records can be compared and exported.
3. Performance Indicator Testing Methods
3.1 RF Signal Generation
3.1.1 Testing frequency range, accuracy and resolution of RF signals
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the frequency range in which 4945B/C generates qualified signals conforming
to the specifications in the radio frequency transmission mode, usually explained by testing its upper limit
frequency and lower limit frequency.
Frequency accuracy refers to the difference between the actual output carrier frequency and the set
carrier frequency.
Frequency resolution refers to the minimum frequency interval of signals generated in 4945B/C radio
frequency transmission mode.
Frequency range: 1MHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 1MHz~3 GHz(Model 4945C)
Resolution: 1 Hz
Accuracy: frequency standard ± 1 Hz
b) Testing steps

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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods

10 MHz reference input 10 MHz reference output

HP5350B Signal input GEN port 4945B/C Radio

Frequency meter communications test set

Fig. 6-7 Block diagram for RF signal generation frequency characteristics test
1) As shown in Fig. 6-7,connect the test instrument, set 4945B/C to the radio frequency TR mode, with
the output frequency of 1 MHz and the amplitude of + 5 dBm; Set the impedance of the frequency meter
to 1 MΩ, and record the measured value of the frequency meter at this time in corresponding space in
Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency of 4945B to 1.05 GHz (the output frequency of 4945C to 3 GHz), with the
amplitude of - 10 dBm; set the frequency meter to the auto mode, and record the measured value of the
frequency meter at this time in corresponding space in Table A.1;
3) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency generation range and
frequency accuracy of RF signals are qualified;
4) Set the output frequency of 4945B/C to 300 MHz with the amplitude of -10 dBm; Set the impedance of
the frequency meter to 1 MΩ and record the measured value f1 of the frequency meter at this time; set
the output frequency of 4945B/C to 300.000001 MHz, and record the measured value f2 of the
frequency meter at this time.
5) Calculate the difference of f2 and f1 and record it in corresponding space in Table A.1. If it is equal to
the reference value, the frequency resolution is qualified.
3.1.2 Testing power range, accuracy and resolution of RF signals
a) Description of the test items
Power range refers to the range from the minimum power to the maximum power generated by the radio
communications test set in the RF TX mode.
Power accuracy refers to the difference between the measured power and the set power.
Power resolution refers to the minimum interval for the radio communications test set to generate signal
output power in the TX mode of.
Power range: -130～-35 dBm(T/R port)，-110~+5 dBm (GEN port, complicated modulation up to 0 dBm)
Resolution: 0.1 dB
Accuracy: ±1.5 dB (≥-110 dBm), ±2.0 dB (＜-110 dBm)
GEN port
(T/R port)
R&S FSW13 RF input 4945B/C Radio
Spectrum analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-8 Block diagram for RF signal generation power characteristics test
b) Testing steps
1) Test the RF signal generation power of the GEN port. As shown in Fig. 6-8, connect the GEN port of
4945B/C with the RF input port of the spectrum analyzer.
2) Set 4945B/C to the radio frequency TX mode with the frequency of 500 MHz and the amplitude of
-110 dBm; set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to 500 MHz, the reference level to -60 dBm,
attenuation to 0 dB, and the sweep to 1 kHz; peak marker, record the marker power value at this time to
corresponding space in Table A.1.
3) Change the reference level of the spectrum analyzer to +10 dBm and the output power of 4945B/C to
+ 5 DBM; for peak marker, standard, record the marker power value at this time to corresponding space
in Table A.1;

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4) Test the RF signal generation power of the T/R port. Connect the T/R port of 4945B/C with the RF
input port of the spectrum analyzer. Set the output frequency of 4945B/C to 500 MHz and the power to
-130 dBm; set the reference level of the spectrum analyzer to -80 dBm, and the sweep to 100 kHz; peak
marker, record the marker power value at this time to corresponding space in Table A.1.
5) Change the reference level of the spectrum analyzer to -30 dBm and the output power of 4945B/C to
-35 DBM; for peak marker, standard, record the marker power value at this time to corresponding space
in Table A.1;
6) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the power generation range and power
accuracy of RF signals are qualified;
7) Connect the GEN port of 4945B/C with the RF input port of spectrum analyzer, and set the output
power of 4945B/C to - 5 dBm; Set the reference level of the spectrum analyzer to 0 dBm and the sweep
to 10 kHz;
8) Peak marker. Enable marker difference, set the power of 4945B/C to -5.1 dBm, and record the marker
difference at this time in corresponding space in table A.1., if it is equal to the reference value, the power
resolution is qualified.
3.1.3 Testing harmonic, non-harmonic and phase noise of RF signals
a) Description of the test items
Harmonics are generated due to nonlinear distortion of signals, and their frequencies are all integer
multiples of the signal carrier frequency. A non-harmonic refers to a parasitic or residual signal
generated when a signal is generated, which is expressed as a fixed signal or a signal with a certain
frequency deviation with the carrier. Harmonic and non-harmonic distortion indicators are characterized
by the ratio of their power values to the carrier fundamental wave power values.
Phase noise refers to a continuous spectral sideband generated by random noise on carrier signal
phase modulation. In general, the closer the carrier frequency is, the larger its value is, which is usually
expressed by the ratio of noise power to carrier power (dBc/Hz) in a unit bandwidth in a single sideband
at a certain frequency deviation from the carrier frequency.
Harmonic: <- 25 dBc (>1 MHz)
Non-harmonic: <- 35 dBc (>1 MHz)
Phase noise: -93 dBc/Hz@20 kHz(≤1.05 GHz ),-90 dBc/Hz@20 kHz (>1.05 GHz )
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-8, connect the GEN port of 4945B/C to the RF input port of the spectrum analyzer;
set 4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the output frequency of 1 MHz and the amplitude of 0 dBm; set the
start frequency of the spectrum analyzer to 1 MHz, and the reference level to 10 dBm;
2) Adjust the output signal frequency of 4945B from 1 MHz to 1.05 GHz (the output signal frequency of
4945C from 1 MHz to 3 GHz), while continuously adjusting the stop frequency of the spectrum analyzer
more than 3 times of the current output frequency of 4945B/C; Observe and find the frequency point with
the highest harmonic and record the measured value of harmonic power;
3) Set the output frequency of 4945B/C to 1 MHz and the amplitude to 5 dBm; Repeat step 2) to observe
and find the frequency point with the highest non-harmonic and record the measured value of
non-harmonic power;
4) Calculate the relative values of harmonic, non-harmonic and carrier powers, and record the results in
corresponding spaces in Table A.1. If it is within the range shown, the harmonic and non-harmonic
distortion indicators are qualified;
5)Set the output frequency of 4945B/C to 1 GHz and the amplitude to - 10 dBm; set the center frequency
of the spectrum analyzer to 1 GHz, the reference level to 0 dBm, and the sweep to 50 kHz.
6) Peak marker is used to enable marker difference, set the frequency deviation of 20 kHz, enable noise
marker function and video averaging function, and record the measured value in corresponding space in
table A.1;
7) To test 4945C, change the output frequency to 3 GHz and the amplitude to - 10 dBm; Set the center
frequency of the spectrum analyzer to 3 GHz, the reference level to 0 dBm, and the sweep to 50 kHz;

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Repeat step 6);
8) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the phase noise is qualified;
3.1.4 Testing maximum FM frequency deviation, accuracy and modulation rate of RF signals
a) Description of the test items
The maximum frequency deviation of frequency modulation refers to the maximum deviation of the
instantaneous frequency of frequency modulation from the carrier frequency.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the measured frequency deviation and the set frequency
deviation.
Modulation rate refers to the rate of the modulation signals.
Internal FM frequency deviation: 0~150 kHz
Internal FM frequency deviation accuracy: ±5% (Frequency deviation range: 5~150 kHz )
Internal FM modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-8, connect the RF input of the spectrum analyzer to the GEN port of 4945B/C, set
4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the output frequency of 1.05 GHz, the amplitude of -10 dBm, the
modulation format of FM, the modulation rate of 20 Hz and the frequency deviation of 5 kHz;
2) Set the spectrum analyzer to the analog demodulation mode, open the FM demodulation window, set
the center frequency to 1.05 GHz, the reference level to 0 dBm, and the demodulation bandwidth to 800
kHz, and record the measured values of frequency deviation and modulation rate in corresponding
spaces in Table A.1;
3) Change the modulation rate of 4945B/C to 20 kHz and the frequency deviation to 150 kHz, and record
the measured values of frequency deviation and modulation rate in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
4) If the measured values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the maximum frequency deviation,
accuracy and modulation rate of the frequency modulation of RF signal generation are qualified;
3.1.5 Testing AM modulation range, accuracy and modulation rate of RF signal generation
a) Description of the test items
The amplitude modulation (AM) range refers to the extent of change of the AM carrier amplitude with the
modulation signal level.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the measured AM depth and the set AM depth.
Modulation rate refers to the rate of the modulation signals.
Internal AM modulation range: 0~100%
Internal AM accuracy: ±5 % (modulation range 10~90%)
Internal AM modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-8, connect the RF input of the spectrum analyzer to the GEN port of 4945B/C, set
4945B/C to the RF signal TX mode with the output frequency of 1.05 GHz, the amplitude of -10 dBm, the
modulation format of AM, the modulation rate of 20 Hz and the frequency modulation depth of 30%;
2) Set the spectrum analyzer to the analog demodulation mode, open the AM demodulation window, set
the center frequency to 1.05 GHz, the reference level to +10 dBm, and the demodulation bandwidth to
100 kHz, and record the measured values of AM depth and modulation rate in corresponding spaces in
Table A.1;
3) Set AM parameters of 4945B/C according to Table A.1, and record the measured values of AM depth
and modulation rate in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the AM range, accuracy, and
modulation rate of RF signal generation are qualified;
3.1.6 Testing SSB modulation rate of RF signal generation
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a) Description of the test items
SSB modulation, namely single sideband amplitude modulation, suppresses the carrier and one of the
sidebands on the basis of amplitude modulation.
Internal SSB modulation options: USB, LSB
Internal SSB modulation rate: 300 Hz~5 kHz
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-8, connect the RF input of the spectrum analyzer to the GEN port of 4945B/C, set
4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the output frequency of 1.05 GHz and the amplitude of -10 dBm;
2) Set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to 1.05 GHz, sweep width to 2 kHz, and reference
level to 0 dBm; Peak marker of the spectrum analyzer, enable frequency marker, set the modulation
format of 4945B/C to USB and the modulation rate to 300 Hz; and record the measured value in
corresponding space in table A.1;
3) Set the sweep of the spectrum analyzer to 20 kHz; set the modulation format of 4945B/C to LSB and
the modulation rate to 5 kHz; record the marker difference in corresponding space in table A.1;
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the SSB modulation rate of RF signal
generation is qualified;
3.1.7 Testing external analog modulation rate of RF signal generation
a) Description of the test items
External analog modulation means that the modulation signals are generated by external signal sources,
and analog modulation signals are generated by input from the external modulation port of the rear panel
of 4945B/C.
External analog modulation rates of 4945B/C: 20 Hz~15 kHz (FM, AM), 300 Hz~3 kHz (SSB)
LF output
Agilent E4438C
Signal generator
Audio input of
external
modulation

R&S FSW13 RF input GEN port 4945B/C Radio

Spectrum analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-9 Block diagram for external analog modulation characteristics test of RF signal generation
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-9, connect the test instrument and set 4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the output
frequency of 1.05 GHz and the amplitude of -10 dBm; select the modulation format to FM; select external
audio as the modulation source and 100 kHz as the frequency deviation; set the spectrum analyzer to
the analog demodulation mode, open the FM demodulation window, set the center frequency to 1.05
GHz and the demodulation bandwidth to 50 kHz; Set the LF output frequency of the signal generator to
20 Hz and the output amplitude to 200 mVP, and record the measured value of modulation rate to
corresponding space in Table A.1;
2) Set the LF output frequency of the signal generator to 15 kHz, and record the measured value of
modulation rate to corresponding space in table A.1;
3) Set the external modulation format and modulation parameters of 4945B/C RF TX mode according to
the requirements in Table A.1, set the demodulation format of the spectrum analyzer accordingly, and
record the measured value of modulation rate in corresponding space of Table A.1;
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the external modulation rate of RF
signal generation is qualified;
3.1.8 Testing digital modulation bandwidth and code element rate of RF signal generation
a) Description of the test items

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Modulation bandwidth and code element rate refer to the modulation bandwidth and code element rate
that allow 4945B/C to generate qualified digital modulation signals in the RF TX mode.
Modulation bandwidth: 10 kHz～10 MHz
Maximum code element rate: 5 MHz
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-9, connect the RF input of the spectrum analyzer to the GEN port of 4945B/C, set
4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the output frequency of 1.05 GHz, the amplitude of -10 dBm, the
modulation format of BPSK, the code element rate of 1 MHz, the filter of RRC, the α factor of 1.0, and
the data source of PN9;
2) Set the spectrum analyzer to the VSA (vector signal analysis) mode, the demodulation format of
BPSK, the code element rate of 1 MHz, the filter of RRC, and the α factor of 1.0; record the measured
EVM value in corresponding space in Table A.1; and the measured value of EVM should b ≤2 %rms.
3) Set the modulation format of 4945B/C to QPSK, the code element rate to 5 MHz, the filter to RC, and
the α factor to 1.0; set the demodulation format of the spectrum analyzer to QPSK, the code element rate
5 MHz, the filter to RC, and the α factor to 1.0;
4) According to bandwidth = (1 + α factor) x code element rate and measured EVM value ≤3 %rms, the
digital modulation bandwidth and code element rate of radio frequency signal are qualified.
3.1.9 Testing bandwidth and frequency agility time of frequency hopping signal generation
a) Description of the test items
Bandwidth refers to the bandwidth of the frequency hopping signal generated by 4945B/C in the RF TX
mode.
Frequency agility time refers to the switching time of hopping frequency points.
Frequency hopping bandwidth: 1 MHz～60 MHz
Frequency agility time: < 10 μs
Maximum frequency hopping rate: 100,000 times/s

RSA6114A Real-time RF input GEN port 4945B/C Radio

spectrum analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-10 Block diagram for frequency hopping generation characteristics test
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-10, connect the test instrument and set 4945B/C to the RF TX mode with the
amplitude of -10 dBm; in the list frequency hopping mode, the frequency hopping start frequency is 570
MHz, the frequency hopping stop frequency is 630 MHz, the number of frequency hopping points
number is 4,000, the residence time is 5μs, and the switching time is 5 μs;
2) Set real-time spectrum analyzer to the digital afterglow mode, the reference level to 0 dBm, the
analysis bandwidth to 100 MHz, measure the frequency hopping bandwidth with the cursor, and record
the measured value in corresponding space of Table A.1;
3) Set the real-time spectrum analyzer to the frequency-time measurement mode, with the reference
level of 0 dBm, the analysis bandwidth of 150 kHz, the time span of 200 ms, and 2 frequency hopping
points. Measure the frequency agility time of the two frequency hopping points with the cursor and
record the measured value in corresponding space of Table A.1;
4) If the measured frequency hopping bandwidth is within the range shown in Table A.1 and the
frequency agility time is less than 10 μ s, the frequency hopping signal bandwidth and frequency agility
time are qualified.
3.2 RF Signal Analysis
3.2.1 Testing sweep spectrum analysis frequency range

a) Description of the test items

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Frequency range refers to the range between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency that
can be measured in the sweep spectrum analysis mode.
Frequency range: 100 kHz~1.05 GHz(Model 4945B, 100 kHz~3 GHz(Model 4945C)
Accuracy: ± (marker frequency x 2 x 10-6 + 1.1% x sweep + 10% x RBW)
Since the lowest output frequency of the signal source is 250 kHz, the frequency range is tested at a
minimum of 300 kHz.
b) Testing steps
10 MHz reference input 10 MHz reference output

RF input ANT port

Agilent E4438C 4945B/C Radio
Signal generator communications test set

Fig. 6-11 Block diagram for sweep spectrum characteristics tests

1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the test instrument, set the output frequency of the signal generator to
300 kHz and the amplitude to -10 dBm; set 4945B/C to the sweep spectrum mode with the center
frequency of 300 kHz, the sweep of 100 kHz, the reference level of 0 dBm and the resolution bandwidth
of 3 kHz;
2) In respect of peak marker, record the measured value at the marker in corresponding space of table
A.1;
3) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz (3GHz when testing 4945C) with the
amplitude of -10 dBm; Set the center frequency of 4945B to 1.05 GHz(center frequency of 4945C to 3
GHz), sweep to 200 kHz, reference level to 0 dBm, resolution bandwidth to 3 kHz, and repeat step 2);
4) If the measured frequency value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the sweep spectrum analysis
frequency is qualified;
3.2.2 Testing reference level range and accuracy of sweep spectrum analysis
a) Description of the test items
Reference level range refers to the reference range of level that can be measured and displayed in the
sweep spectrum analysis mode of 4945B/C.
Reference level range: +54 dBm~-50 dBm (T/R port), +20 dBm~-80 dBm (ANT port)
Level accuracy: ±1.5 dB
b) Testing steps
1)As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, and set 4945B/C to
the sweep frequency spectrum mode; set the input frequency of the signal generator to 300 MHz; set the
center frequency of 4945B/C to 300 MHz, sweep width to 100 kHz, and other parameters to auto;
2) Set the output power of the signal generator and the reference level of 4945B/C according to Table
A.1, and record the measured level value of 4945B/C in corresponding space of Table A.1;
3) Connect the signal generator with the T/R port of 4945B/C as shown in Fig. 6-8, and repeat step 2);
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the reference level range and accuracy
are qualified;
3.2.3 Testing average noise level of sweep spectrum analysis
ANT port 4945B/C Radio
50 Ω load
communications test set

Fig. 6-12 Block diagram for average noise level test of sweep spectrum analysis
a) Description of the test items
When there is no signal input in the test, 4945B/C is in the sweep frequency spectrum analysis mode to
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test the display average noise level (DANL) at the minimum resolution bandwidth.
Average noise level: -125 dBm (ANT port, RBW=30 Hz, reference level-70 dBm),
-75 dBm (T/R port, RBW=30 Hz, reference level-10 dBm)
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-12, connect the test instrument, set 4945B/C to the sweep spectrum mode with the
center frequency of 300 MHz, zero sweep, the reference level of -70 dBm, the attenuation of 0 dB, the
resolution bandwidth of 30 Hz, and enable video averaging and set the averaging times to 10;
2) Peak marker, record the measured power value at the marker in corresponding space of table A.1;
when the test value is less than -125 dBm, the average noise level is qualified
3)Repeat step 2) to measure the T/R port, and record the measured results in corresponding space of
table A.1
3.2.4 Testing resolution bandwidth and its accuracy and switching error of sweep spectrum analysis
a) Description of the test items
Resolution bandwidth refers to the ability of the radio communications test set to respond and separate
two input signals in the spectrum analysis mode.
Resolution bandwidth accuracy refers to the difference between the actual bandwidth and the set ideal
bandwidth.
Resolution switching error refers to the power measurement error of the measured signal with different
resolution bandwidth settings.
Resolution bandwidth: 30 Hz～3 MHz (1-10 steps)
Resolution bandwidth accuracy: ±10% (RBW=3 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 300 kHz), ±25% (RBW=3 MHz),
±20% (RBW≤300 Hz)
Switching error: ±1 dB
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 300 MHz and the power to -10 dBm; set 4945B/C to the sweep
frequency spectrum mode, with the center frequency of 300 MHz and the reference level of 0 dBm;
2) Set the sweep width of 4945B/C to 30 kHz and the resolution bandwidth to 3 kHz, and set the
resolution bandwidth of 4945B/C and the appropriate sweep width according to Table A.1, based on the
peak value of the marker; in respect of peak marker, subtract the benchmark value from the peak marker
and record the result in corresponding space of Table A.1; test the bandwidth value decreased by 3 dB
and record it in corresponding space of Table A.1;
3) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the resolution bandwidth accuracy and
switching error are qualified.
3.2.5 Testing sweep time range of sweep spectrum analysis
a) Description of the test items
Sweep time range refers to the range between the maximum value and minimum value of the time taken
by 4945B/C to complete a sweep in the sweep spectrum analysis mode.
Sweep time: 100 ms~100 s
Sweep accuracy: ±2%.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 300 MHz and the amplitude to -10dBm, enable AM with the
modulation rate of 100 Hz and the AM depth of 100%; set 4945B/C to the sweep spectrum mode, with
the center frequency of 300 MHz, the sweep of 0 Hz, the reference level of 0 dBm, the amplitude unit of
Volts and the sweep time of 100 ms;

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2) In respect of the difference of the peak marker, measure the time of 9 sine cycles, and record the
measured values divided by 9 and multiplied by 10 in corresponding spaces of table A.1;
3) Set the sweep time of 4945B/C to 100 s, set the modulation rate of the signal generator to 0.1 Hz, and
repeat step 2);
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the sweep time of sweep spectrum
analysis is qualified;
3.2.6 Testing frequency range, level range and accuracy of broadband power meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range of 4945B/C between the minimum and maximum measurable
frequencies in the broadband power measurement mode.
Level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum measurable levels of 4945B/C in
the broadband power measurement mode.
Accuracy refers to the degree of difference between the measured level and the nominal levels.
Frequency range: 400 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B), 400kHz~3 GHz (Model 4945C)
Power measurement range: 100 mW~150 W (T/R port), 0.1 mW~100 mW (ANT power measurement)
Measurement accuracy: 10 % (+ 19 dBm typical)
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator with the ANT port of 4945B/C, and set 4945B/C to
the broadband power measurement mode;
2) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 400 kHz, and the amplitude to + 19 dBm (79.44
mW); set the reference frequency for broadband power measurement of 4945B/C to 400 kHz and the
amplitude unit to Watts, and record the measured broadband power value in corresponding space of
Table A.1;
3) Connect the signal generator with the T/R port of 4945B/C, set the output frequency of the signal
generator to 1.05 GHz (3 GHz when testing 4945C), set the reference frequency for broadband power
measurement of 4945B to 1.05 GHz (3 GHz for 4945C), and record the measured broadband power
value in corresponding space of Table A.1;
4) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range, level range and
accuracy of the broadband power meter are qualified;
3.2.7 Testing frequency range, level range and accuracy of narrow-band power meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range of 4945B/C between the minimum and maximum measurable
frequencies in the narrow-band power measurement mode.
Level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum measurable levels of 4945B/C in
the narrow-band power measurement mode.
Accuracy refers to the degree of difference between the measured level and the nominal levels.
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 300 kHz~3 GHz (Model 4945C).
Power range: +51 dBm~-40 dBm(T/R port)，+10 dBm~-80 dBm (ANT port).
Accuracy: ±2 dB.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the T/R port of 4945B/C, and set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 300 kHz and the amplitude to + 19 dBm. Set 4945B/C to the RF RX
mode, narrow-band power measurement reference carrier to 300 kHz, reference level to +51 dBm, and
IF bandwidth 10 kHz; record the measured narrow-band power value of the T/R port in corresponding
space of Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency and amplitude of the signal generator according to Table A.1, set the
reference carrier and reference level of 4945B accordingly, and record the measured narrow-band
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
power value in corresponding space of Table A.1;
3) Connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, repeat step 2), and record the measured
narrow-band power value of the ANT port in corresponding space of Table A.1;
4) If the measured power value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range, level range
and accuracy of the narrow-band power meter are qualified;
3.2.8 Testing of frequency range, resolution and accuracy of frequency error meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency that
can be measured by 4945B/C in the RF signal analysis mode.
Frequency resolution refers to the minimum frequency interval of signals measurable in radio frequency
transmission mode of 4945B/C.
Frequency accuracy refers to the difference between the measured output carrier frequency and the
nominal carrier frequency.
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 300 kHz~3 GHz (Model 4945C).
Frequency resolution: 1 Hz.
Accuracy: frequency standard ± 1 Hz.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the test instrument and set the output frequency of the signal
generator to 300 kHz and the power to - 10 dBm; set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode, with the reference
carrier frequency of 300 kHz, IF bandwidth of 10 kHz, and reference level of 0 dBm; enable the function
of frequency error meter, and record the measured frequency error value in corresponding space in table
A.1;
2) Set the output power frequency of the signal generator and the carrier frequency of 4945B/C
according to Table A.1, and record the measured frequency error values in corresponding spaces of
Table A.1;
3) If the measured frequency values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range and
frequency accuracy of the frequency error meter is qualified;
4) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 300 MHz and the carrier frequency of 4945B/C to
300 MHz, record the measured value f1 of frequency error; set the output frequency of the signal
generator to 300.000001 MHz and record the measured frequency error f2;
6) Calculate the difference between f2 and f1. If the difference is equal to the reference value, the
frequency resolution of the frequency error meter is qualified.
3.2.9 Testing frequency range, counting frequency range, resolution and sensitivity of analog modulation
signal demodulation and analysis
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum carrier frequencies of
demodulation signals that can be demodulated and analyzed by 4945B/C.
Demodulation counting frequency range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum
frequencies of demodulation and analysis modulation signals.
Resolution refers to the minimum interval between the frequencies of modulation signals that can be
demodulated and analyzed.
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B, 300 kHz~3 GHz (Model 4945C).
Demodulation counter frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz (accuracy ±1%), resolution: 0.1 Hz.
Sensitivity: ≤-100 dBm (10 dB SINAD)
These specifications takes AM signals as the test signals for testing demodulation and analysis
frequency range, counting frequency range, resolution and sensitivity of analog modulation signals. FM
signals are taken for sensitivity test.

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b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 300 kHz, the output amplitude to -10dBm, and enable AM with the
modulation rate of 20 Hz and the AM depth of 50 %;
2) Set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode, the demodulation format to AM, the reference carrier to 300 kHz,
the reference level to 0 dBm, the IF bandwidth to 30 kHz, the audio filter LPF to 300 Hz; record the
measured modulation rate value in corresponding space in Table A.1;
3) Set modulation parameters of the signal generator and demodulation parameters of 4945B/C
according to Table A.1, set the IF bandwidth to 300kHz when the modulation rate is 20kHz, and record
the measured values of modulation rate in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
4) If the measured modulation rate values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the demodulation
and analysis frequency range and demodulation counting frequency range of analog modulation signals
are qualified;
5) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz, the output amplitude to -10 dBm, enable
AM, with the modulation rate of 20 Hz and the AM depth of 50 %; set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode, with
the demodulation format of AM, reference frequency of 1.05 GHz, reference level of 0 dBm, IF
bandwidth of 30 kHz, and audio filter LPF of 300 Hz; record the measured value f1 of modulation rate;
6) Change the AM modulation rate of the signal generator to 20.1 Hz; record the measured value f2 of
modulation rate;
7) Calculate the difference of f2-f1, and if it is equal to the reference value, the demodulation counting
resolution is qualified.
8) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz, the output amplitude to -100 dBm, and
enable FM, with the modulation rate of 1 kHz and the frequency deviation of 10 kHz; set 4945B/C to the
RF RX mode, with the demodulation format of FM, reference carrier of 1.05 GHz, reference level of -70
dBm, attenuation of 0 dB, IF bandwidth of 30 kHz, and audio filter LPF of 5kHz; record the measured
SINAD value in corresponding space of Table A.1. If the SINAD value is ≥10dB, the sensitivity is
qualified.
3.2.10 Testing demodulation and analysis frequency deviation, accuracy and modulation rate of FM
signals
a) Description of the test items
Frequency deviation range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum frequency
deviations of measurable by 4945B/C through FM signal demodulation and analysis in the RF RX mode.
Frequency deviation accuracy refers to the difference between the measured frequency deviation and
the nominal frequency deviation.
Modulation rate refers to the audio rate of the demodulated FM signals by 4945B/C in the RF RX mode.
Frequency deviation range: 0~150 kHz.
FM frequency deviation accuracy: ±5% (Frequency deviation range 5~150 kHz, modulation rate 1 kHz)
Modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz (accuracy ±1%).
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6 - 11, connect the signal generator with the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz and the output amplitude to -10 dBm, and enable FM, with
the modulation rate of 20 Hz and the frequency deviation of 150 kHz; set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode,
with the demodulation format of FM, reference frequency of 1.05 GHz, reference level of 0 dBm, IF
bandwidth of 300 kHz, and audio filter LPF of 300 Hz; Record the measured values of modulation rate
and frequency deviation in corresponding spaces of Table A.1.
2) Set the FM modulation rate of the signal generator to 20 kHz, set the audio filter of 4945B/C to LPF 20
kHz, and record the measured modulation rate and frequency deviation in corresponding spaces of
Table A.1;
3) If the measured values of modulation rate and frequency deviation are within the range shown in
Table A.1, the demodulation and analysis frequency deviation range, accuracy and modulation rate of
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
FM signals are qualified;
3.2.11 Testing demodulation and analysis frequency deviation, accuracy and modulation rate of AM
signals
a) Description of the test items
AM depth range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum AM depths measurable by
4945B/C through AM signal demodulation and analysis in the RF RX mode.
AM depth accuracy refers to the difference between the measured AM depth and the nominal AM depth.
Modulation rate refers to the audio rate of the demodulated AM signals by 4945B/C in the RF RX mode.
AM depth range: 0~100%.
AM modulation meter accuracy: ±5% (modulation range 30%~90%, modulation rate 1 kHz).
Modulation rate: 20 Hz~20 kHz.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz, the output amplitude to -15 dBm, enable AM with the
modulation rate of 20 Hz and the AM depth of 30%;
2) Set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode, the modulation format to AM, the reference carrier to 1.05 GHz, the
reference level to +10 dBm, the IF bandwidth to 10 kHz, and the audio filter LPF to 300 Hz; record the
measured modulation rate and AM depth value in corresponding space in Table A.1;
3) Set the AM modulation parameters of the signal generator according to Table A.1, set appropriate
audio filter of 4945B/C, and record the measured modulation rate and AM depth values in corresponding
spaces of Table A.1;
4) If the measured values of modulation rate and AM depth are within the range shown in Table A.1, the
demodulation and analysis AM depth range, accuracy and modulation rate of AM signals are qualified;
3.2.12 Testing demodulation and analysis frequency rate of SSB demodulation signals
a) Description of the test items
Modulation rate refers to the audio rate of the demodulated SSB signals by 4945B/C in the RF RX mode.
Modulation rate: 300Hz~5kHz.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 0.999999700 GHz, and the output amplitude to -15 dBm;
2) Set 4945B/C to the RF RX mode, the demodulation format to LSB, the reference carrier to 1GHz, the
reference level to +10 dBm, the IF bandwidth to 10 kHz, and the audio filter LPF to 5kHz; record the
measured modulation rate value in corresponding space in Table A.1;
3) Change the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.000005000 GHz, set the modulation format
of 4945B/C to USB, and record the measured modulation rate in corresponding space of Table A.1;
4) If the measured value of modulation rate is within the range shown in Table A.1, the demodulation and
analysis modulation rate of SSB modulation signals are qualified;
3.2.13 Testing demodulation and analysis frequency range, demodulation bandwidth and maximum
code element rate of digital demodulation signals
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum frequencies of signals that
can be demodulated and analyzed by 4945B/C in the RF RX mode.
Demodulation bandwidth and maximum code element rate refer to the bandwidth and maximum code
element rate of signals that can be demodulated and analyzed by 4945B/C.
Frequency range: 300 kHz~1.05 GHz (Model 4945B), 300kHz~3 GHz (Model 4945C)
Demodulation formats: GMSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Modulation bandwidth: 10 kHz~10 MHz
Maximum code element rate: 5 MHz
Filters: RC, RRC, and GAUSS
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator with ANT port of 4945B/C, set the output
frequency of the signal generator to 300 kHz, and the output amplitude to -10 dBm, enable digital
modulation, with the modulation format of QPSK, code element rate of 20 kHz, and filter of RRC/0.5; set
4945B/C to the RF RX mode, with the reference frequency of 300 kHz, reference level of 0 dBm,
demodulation format of QPSK, code element rate of 20 kHz, and filter of RRC/0.5; record measured
EVM values in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 1.05 GHz (3 GHz for 4945C), set the reference
frequency of 4945B to 1.05GHz (3 GHz for 4945B), and record measured EVM values in corresponding
spaces in Table A.1;
3) If the measured EVM value is ≤3 %rms, the demodulation and analysis frequency range of digital
modulation signals is qualified;
4) Set the output frequency of the signal generator to 300MHz, the code element rate to 5 MHz, and the
filter to RRC/1.0; set reference frequency of 4945B/C to 300 MHz, code element rate to 5MHz, and filter
to RRC1.0; record measured EVM values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
5) According to bandwidth = (1 + α factor) x code element rate, if the measured EVM value is ≤3 %rms,
the demodulation bandwidth and maximum code element rate of digital demodulation signals are
qualified.
3.2.14 Testing real-time analysis bandwidth of frequency hopping signal analysis
a) Description of the test items
Real-time analysis bandwidth refers to the bandwidth of the frequency hopping signals measurable by
4945B/C in the real-time spectrum analysis mode.
Real-time analysis bandwidth: 60 MHz, 30 MHz, 15 MHz, 7.5 MHz, 3.75 MHz and 1.875 MHz (accuracy
±1%).
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-11, connect the signal generator to the ANT port of 4945B/C, set the sweep mode
of the signal generator, set the out range to 570 MHz~630 MHz, number of sweep points to 10,
residence time to 100 ms, and output amplitude to -10 dBm;
2) Set 4945B/C to the real-time spectrum mode, with the center frequency of 1 GHz, reference level of 0
dBm, and analysis bandwidth of 60 MHz;
3) Open the spectrum window, with the trace held maximally. Enable the marker function, test the signal
bandwidth, and record the measured values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
4) If the measured values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the real-time analysis bandwidth of
frequency hopping signal analysis is qualified;
3.3 Audio Signal Generation
3.3.1 Testing for frequency range, resolution and accuracy of audio signal generation
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range refers to the range between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency
generated by 4945B/C in the audio generation mode.
Frequency resolution refers to the minimum frequency interval of signals generated by 4945B/C in the
audio generation mode.
Frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz (sine), 20 Hz~4 kHz (square wave, triangle, and sawtooth) (accuracy
±1%).
Frequency resolution: 0.1Hz.

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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Accuracy: 0.1Hz.
These specifications test the audio signal generation indicators with sinusoidal signals. Due to the limits
of audio analyzers for minimum frequency of measurement, these specifications adopt the frequency
range of 80 Hz~20 kHz for the test.

VA2230A Audio Audio input Audio output 4945B/C Radio

analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-13 Block diagram for audio signal generation characteristics test
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-13,set 4945B/C to the audio generation mode, with the output frequency of 20 kHz,
the amplitude of 200 mVrms, the waveform of sine, and the output impedance of high-Z; set the audio
analyzer to the audio measurement mode, and record the measured frequency values in corresponding
spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency of 4945B/C to 80Hz, and record the measured value f1 in corresponding
space of table A.1;
3) If the measured value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range of audio signal
generation is qualified;
4) Set the audio output frequency of 4945B/C to 80.1 Hz, and record the measured value f2;
5) Calculate the difference between f2 and f1. If the difference is equal to the reference value, the
frequency resolution and accuracy of audio signal generation are qualified.
3.3.2 Testing for level range and accuracy of audio signal generation
a) Description of the test items
Level range refers to the range between the minimum voltage and the maximum voltage of audio signals
output by 4945B/C in the audio generation mode.
Level accuracy refers to the extent of difference between the measured audio amplitude and the nominal
audio amplitude.
Level range: 1mv~7vrms (10 kΩ load).
Level accuracy: ±5% (10 kΩ load, ≥10 mVrms).
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-13,connect the test instrument, set 4945B/C to the audio generation mode, with
the output frequency of 20 kHz and the amplitude to 10 mVrms; record the measured level value of the
audio analyzer in corresponding space of Table A.1;
2) Change the audio signal generation frequency of 4945B/C to 80 Hz and the frequency deviation to 7
Vrms, and record the measured level values of the audio analyzer in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured level value is within the range shown in Table A.1, the level range and accuracy of
audio signal generation are qualified;
3.4 Audio Signal Analysis
3.4.1 Testing for input impedance of audio signal analysis
a) Description of the test items
The audio signal analysis input impedances of 4945B/C radio communications test set are: 150 Ω, 600
Ω and high impedance.
b) Testing steps
1) Set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode, with high input impedance; measure the ground resistance
of the audio analysis input interface of 4945 with FLUKE15B digital multimeter directly, and record the
measured values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the input impedance of 4945B/C in the audio analysis mode according to the requirements in
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Table A.1, and record the measured values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the input impedance of audio signal
analysis is qualified;
3.4.2 Testing for maximum input level of audio signal analysis
a) Description of the test items
The maximum input level for audio signal analysis of 4945B/C radio communications test set is 30 Vrms
(high impedance).
Maximum input level: 30 Vrms (high impedance), (accuracy ±5). Due to the limits of audio signal
source for maximum output amplitude, these specifications adopt the upper limit 10 Vrms of the input
level range for test.
b) Testing steps

VA2230A Audio Audio output Audio input 4945B/C Radio

analyzer communications test set

Fig. 6-14 Block diagram for audio signal analysis characteristics test
1) As shown in Fig. 6-14, connect the test instrument and set the output frequency of the audio analyzer
to 1 kHz, and the amplitude to +14 dBV (600 Ω internal resistance, equal to high impedance of 10Vrms);
set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode, with the audio filter of 20 kHz LPF, high impedance input, and
level test range of 30V~5V, and record the measured level values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) If the measured values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the maximum input level is qualified.
3.4.3 Testing for frequency range, resolution, accuracy and input level range of audio signal analysis
frequency meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range of frequency meter refers to the range between the minimum and maximum
frequencies that can be accurately measured by 4945B/C in the audio signal analysis mode with the
frequency meter.
Resolution refers to the minimum interval between audio frequencies distinguishable with the frequency
meter.
Input level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum audio levels that can be
accurately measured with the frequency meter.
Frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz (accuracy ±1).
Resolution: 0.1Hz.
Accuracy: 1Hz.
Input level: 20 mV~30 Vrms. Due to the limits of audio signal source for maximum output amplitude,
these specifications adopt the upper limit 10 Vrms of the input level range for test.
b) Testing steps

Agilent E4438C LF output Audio input 4945B/C Radio

Signal generator communications test set

Fig. 6-15 Block diagram for audio signal analysis characteristics test
1) As shown in Fig. 6-14, connect the test instrument and set the output frequency of the audio analyzer
to 20 kHz, and the amplitude to -40 dBV (equal to 20 mVrms); set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode,
with the audio filter of LPF 20 kHz, high impedance input, and level test range of below 50 mV, and
record the measured frequency values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency of the audio analyzer to 20 Hz, and the amplitude to +14 dBV (equal to 10

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Vrms); set the audio filter LPF of 4945B/C to 300Hz and the level testing range to 30V~5V, and record
the measured level values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured frequency values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range and
input level range of the audio analysis frequency meter are qualified;
4) As shown in Fig. 6-15, connect the test instrument set the low-frequency output frequency of the
signal generator to 20 Hz and the amplitude to 100 mVP, and record the frequency measurement f1;
change the low-frequency output frequency to 20.1 Hz and record the frequency measurement f2;
5) Calculate the value of f2-f1, and if it is equal to the reference value, the resolution and accuracy of the
audio signal analysis frequency meter are qualified.
3.4.4 Testing frequency range, input level range and accuracy of audio signal analysis level meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range of level meter refers to the range between the minimum and maximum frequencies that
can be accurately measured by 4945B/C in the audio signal analysis mode with the level meter.
Input level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum audio levels that can be
accurately measured with the level meter.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the audio measured level with the level meter and the nominal
level.
Frequency range: 20 Hz~20 kHz.
Input level: 0~30 Vrms, due to the limits of audio signal source for maximum output amplitude, these
specifications adopt the upper limit 10 Vrms of the input level range for test.
Accuracy: ±5%  (high impedance, ＞10 mVrms).
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-14, connect the test instrument and set the output frequency of the audio analyzer
to 20Hz, and the amplitude to +14 dBV (equal to high impedance of 10Vrms); set 4945B/C to the audio
analysis mode, with the audio filter of 300Hz LPF, high impedance input and level range of 30V~5V, and
record the measured level values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the output frequency of the audio analyzer to 20 kHz, and the audio filter of 4945B/C to 20kHz
LPF; record the measured level values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured level values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range, input level
range and accuracy of the audio analysis level meter are qualified.
3.4.5 Testing frequency range, input level range, measuring range and accuracy of audio signal analysis
SINAD meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range of SINAD meter refers to the range between the minimum and maximum frequencies
that can be accurately measured by 4945B/C in the audio signal analysis mode with the SINAD meter.
Input level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum audio levels that can be
accurately measured with the SINAD meter.
Measurement range refers to the range from the lowest to the highest SINAD values that can be
measured with the SINAD meter.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the measured SINAD and the nominal SINAD.
Frequency range: 300Hz~5kHz.
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms. Due to the limits of signal generators for maximum output amplitude; these
specifications adopt the upper limit 5 VP of the input level range for test.
Measuring range: 3~60 dB.
Accuracy: ±1.0 dB.
b) Testing steps

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1) As shown in Fig. 6-15, connect the test instrument and set the signal generator to the low-frequency
output and dual-tone mode, with frequency 1 of 300 Hz and frequency 2 of 600 Hz (audio 2 takes up
50% of the amplitude), and the output level of 140 mVP (100mVrms); set 4945B/C to the audio analysis
mode, with the measuring frequency of 300 Hz, filter of 5 kHz LPF, and input range of 500 mV~50 mV,
and record the measured SINAD values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the signal generator to the low-frequency output mode, with frequency 1 of 5kHz and frequency 2
of 10kHz (audio 2 takes up 50% of the amplitude), and the output level of 5VP; set 4945B/C to the
measuring frequency of 5kHz, filter of 20kHz LPF, and input range of 30V~5V, and record the measured
SINAD values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured SINAD values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range and input
level range of the audio analysis SINAD meter are qualified;
4) Set the signal generator to the low-frequency output mode, with frequency 1 of 1kHz and frequency 2
of 2kHz (audio 2 takes up 50% of the amplitude), and the output level of 500mVP; set 4945B/C to the
measuring frequency of 1kHz, filter of 300Hz LPF, and input range of 500 mV~50 mV, and record the
measured SINAD values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
5) Change the amplitude taken by audio frequency 2 of the signal generator to 0.1 %, and record the
measured SINAD valued in corresponding spaced of Table A.1;
6) If the measured SINAD values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the measuring range and
accuracy of the audio analysis SINAD meter are qualified;
3.4.6 Testing frequency range, input level range, measuring range and accuracy of audio signal analysis
distortion meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range of distortion meter refers to the range between the minimum and maximum
frequencies that can be accurately measured by 4945B/C in the audio signal analysis mode with the
distortion meter.
Input level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum audio levels that can be
accurately measured with the distortion meter.
Measuring range refers to the range from the lowest to the highest distortion values that can be
measured with the distortion meter.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the measured distortion and the nominal distortion.
Frequency range: 300 Hz~5 kHz.
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms. Due to the limits of signal generators for maximum output amplitude, these
specifications adopt the upper limit 5 VP of the input level range for test.
Measuring range: 0~90%.
Accuracy: ＜±0.5% (distortion＜10%), ＜±1.0% (distortion＜20%).
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-15, connect the test instrument and set the signal generator to the low-frequency
output and dual-tone mode, with frequency 1 of 300 Hz and frequency 2 of 600 Hz (audio 2 takes up 9%
of the amplitude), and the output level of 140 mVP (100mVrms); set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode,
with the measuring frequency of 300 Hz, filter of 5 kHz LPF, and input range of 500 mV~50 mV, and
record the measured distortion values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the signal generator to the low-frequency output mode, with frequency 1 of 5kHz and frequency 2
of 10kHz (audio 2 takes up 9% of the amplitude), and the output level of 5VP; set 4945B/C to the
measuring frequency of 5kHz, filter of 20kHz LPF, and input range of 30V~5V, and record the measured
distortion values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured distortion values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range and
input level range of the audio analysis distortion meter are qualified;
4) Set the signal generator to the low-frequency output mode, with frequency 1 of 1kHz and frequency 2
of 2kHz (audio 2 takes up 0.1% of the amplitude), and the output level of 800mVP; set 4945B/C to the
measuring frequency of 1kHz, filter of 300Hz LPF, and input range of 500 mV~50 mV, and record the

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measured distortion values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
5) Change the amplitude taken by audio frequency 2 of the signal generator to 47.4%, and record the
measured distortion valued in corresponding spaced of Table A.1;
6) If the measured distortion values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the measuring range and
accuracy of the audio analysis distortion meter are qualified;
3.4.7 Testing frequency range, input level range, measuring range and accuracy of audio signal analysis
SNR meter
a) Description of the test items
Frequency range of SNR meter refers to the range between the minimum and maximum frequencies
that can be accurately measured by 4945B/C in the audio signal analysis mode with the SNR meter.
Input level range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum audio levels that can be
accurately measured with the SNR meter.
Measurement range refers to the range from the lowest to the highest SNR values that can be measured
with the SNR meter.
Accuracy refers to the difference between the measured SNR and the nominal SNR.
Frequency range: 300Hz~5kHz.
Input level: 0.1~30 Vrms. Due to the limits of signal generators for maximum output amplitude, these
specifications adopt the upper limit 5 VP of the input level range for test.
Measuring range: 3~60 dB.
Accuracy: ±1.0 dB.
b) Testing steps
1) As shown in Fig. 6-15, connect the test instrument, and set the signal generator to low-frequency
output with the frequency of 300 Hz and the output level 1 of 140 mVP (100 mVrms); set 4945B/C to the
audio analysis mode, the SNR measurement mode to "Lock reference in case of noise", self-selected
measuring frequency of 300 Hz, filter of 5 kHz LPF, input range of 500 mV~50mV, and press the "SNR
Reference Lock" key; change the output level 2 of the signal generator to 280 mVP (200 mVrms); record
the measured SNR values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
2) Set the signal generator to low-frequency output mode, with the output frequency of 5 kHz and the
output level 1 of 2.5 VP; set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode, with the self-selected measuring
frequency of 5 kHz, filter of 20 kHz LPF, and input range of 30V~5V, and press the "SNR Reference
Lock" key; change the output level 2 of the signal generator to 5VP); record the measured SNR values in
corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
3) If the measured SNR values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the frequency range and input
level range of the audio analysis SNR meter are qualified;
4) Set the signal generator to low-frequency output with the frequency of 1 kHz and the output level 1 of
100 mVP; set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode, the self-selected measuring frequency of 1 kHz, filter
of 300 Hz~ 5 kHz, input range of 5 V~500 mV, and press the "SNR Reference Lock" key; change the
output level 2 of the signal generator to 142 mVP; record the measured SNR values in corresponding
spaces of Table A.1;
5) Set the signal generator to low-frequency output mode, with the output frequency of 1kHz and the
output level 1 of 4 mVP; set 4945B/C to the audio analysis mode, with the self-selected measuring
frequency of 1kHz, filter of 300 Hz~ 5 kHz, and input range of 5 V~500 mV， and press the "SNR
Reference Lock" key; change the output level 2 of the signal generator to 4096 mVP; record the
measured SNR values in corresponding spaces of Table A.1;
6) If the measured SNR values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the measuring range and
accuracy of the audio analysis SNR meter are qualified;
3.5 Oscilloscope
3.5.1 Testing oscilloscope input impedance
a) Description of the test items
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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
The input impedance at the oscilloscope interface of 4945B/C is: 1 MΩ.
b) Testing steps
Oscilloscope
FLUKE9500B Fast edge probe interface 4945B/C Radio
Oscilloscope communications test set
calibrator

Fig. 6-16 Oscilloscope input characteristics test

1) As shown in Fig. 6-16, connect the oscilloscope calibrator with the oscilloscope input 1 interface of
4945B/C with a fast edge probe; set 4945B/C to the oscilloscope mode and the oscilloscope channel 1
to on;
2) Enable the resistance measurement function of the oscilloscope calibrator; record the measured
impedance values in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
3) As shown in Fig. 6-16, connect the oscilloscope calibrator with the oscilloscope input 2 interface of
4945B/C with a fast edge probe; set 4945B/C to the oscilloscope mode and the oscilloscope channel 2
to on; repeat step 2);
5) If the measured impedance values are within the range shown in Table A.1, the input impedance of
the oscilloscope is qualified;
3.6 Digital sequence generation and BER
3.6.1 Testing Baud rate range and BER measuring range of digital sequence generation
a) Description of the test items
BER measuring range refers to the range between the minimum and maximum BERs that can be
analyzed by 4945B/C for bit errors.
Baud rate: 300 bps to 1 Mbps (BPSK, GMSK, 2FSK, 2ASK)
Bit error rate measurement range: 0.1~0.000001.
b) Testing steps
Digital input (TTL)
Digital input synchronous clock (TTL)

Digital output
Digital output 4945B/C Radio
synchronous clock communications test set

Fig. 6-17 Testing digital sequence generation and BER RX characteristics

1) As shown in Fig. 6-17, connect the digital output and digital input, digital output synchronous clock
and digital input synchronous clock on the rear panel of 4945B/C;
2) Set 4945B/C to the RF generation and bit error measurement mode, with digital modulation on,
modulation format of BPSK, data source of PN3, code element rate of 1 MHz, data output to rear panel
on, and insert BER of 0.000001; record the measured BER values in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
3) Set the code element rate of 4945B/C to 300Hz and insertion error rate to 0.1; record the measured
BER values in corresponding spaces in Table A.1;
4) If the measured bit error value is equal to the reference value, the Baud rate range and BER
measuring range of digital sequence generation are qualified.

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 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Section III Comparison of Indicator Test Results
Table A.1 Inspection records of 4945B/C radio communications test set
Seria
Item Unit Standard requirement Results
l No.
According to visual inspection, the instrument should
have complete structure and be free of obvious
Appearance
1 / mechanical damages and coating damages, and the
and structure
control parts are installed correctly and reliably,
allowing for flexible operation.
The insulation resistance between the power input
end of the equipment and the casing should not be
Insulatio less than 100 MΩ under standard atmospheric
n conditions for testing.
MΩ
resistanc
Sa e The insulation resistance between the power input
2 fet end of the equipment and the casing should not be
y less than 2 MΩ in humid environment.
Dielectric
/ AC 1.5kV/10mA/1min, no arc over or breakdown.
strength
Leakage
mA Voltage 242 V, 1 min, leakage current ≤3.5 mA.
current
After the power is turned on, the power supply, keys
and port indicator lights are on, and the display and
operation of the touch screen are normal. The
Functional
3 / switching of function windows is normal, the signal
normality
analysis waveform display is normal, and the
parameter settings are correct. Self-test passed with
no error prompt.

RF signal 1MHz: 0.999999 MHz~1.000001MHz

generation 1.049999999GHz~1.05000
4945B/1.05GHz:
4 frequency / 0001GHz
range and
2.999999999GHz~3.00000
accuracy 4945C/3GHz:
0001GHz
RF TX
5 frequency Hz 1
resolution
GEN port 500MHz/+5:+3.5～+6.5
RF TX power -110~+5 500MHz/-110: -111.5~-108.5
6 range and dBm
accuracy T/R port 500MHz/-35:-36.5～-33.5
-130~-35 500MHz/-130: -132~-128
RF TX power
7 dB 0.1
resolution
RF TX Harmonic: ＜-25
8 harmonic and dBc
Non-harmonic: ＜-35
non-harmonic
RF TX 4945B/C: 1GHz: ≤-93
Single dBc/
9
sideband Hz 4945C: 3GHz: ≤-90
phase noise
Maximum Modulation Modulation rate:
10 /
frequency rate/frequency 19.8Hz~20.2Hz

80
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
deviation, deviation Frequency deviation: 4.75
accuracy 20Hz/5kHz kHz~5.25 kHz
frequency
modulation of Modulation Modulation rate:
RF TX FM rate/frequency 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
deviation Frequency deviation:
20kHz/150kHz 142.5kHz~157.5kHz
Modulation rate/AM Modulation rate:
depth 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
AM range,
accuracy and 20Hz/10% AM depth: 9.5%~10.5%
11 /
modulation Modulation rate/AM Modulation rate:
rate of RF TX depth 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
20kHz/90% AM depth: 85.5%~94.5%
Table A.1 Inspection records of 4945B/C radio communications test set (Cont. 1)
Seria
Item Unit Standard requirement Results
l No.
SSB modulation Modulation 300Hz/USB: 297Hz～303Hz
rate of RF rate
12 /
signal 5kHz/LSB: 4.95kHz～5.05kHz
generation 300Hz~5kHz

FM 20Hz: 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
modulation
External analog rate 15kHz: 14.85kHz~15.15kHz
modulation rate 20Hz~15kHz
13 /
of RF signal AM 20Hz: 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
generation modulation
rate 15kHz: 14.85kHz~15.15kHz
20Hz~15kHz
Modulation
format: BPSK
Maximum Code element EVM≤2.0 %rm
modulation rate: 1 MHz s
bandwidth and Filter/α factor:
code element Carrier RRC/1.0
14 rate for digital / frequency:
modulation of 1.05 GHz Modulation
RF signal format: QPSK
generation Code element EVM≤3.0 %rm
(optional) rate: 5MHz s
Filter/α factor:
RC/1.0
Maximum Frequency hopping
bandwidth and Frequency band: bandwidth:
frequency 570~630MHz 59.4MHz~60.6MHz
agility time of Residence/switchi
15 /
frequency
ng time:
hopping signal Agility time: < 10 μs
generation 5μs/5μs
(optional)
Sweep 300kHz: 298.6kHz~301.4kHz
16 spectrum / 4945B/1.05GHz: 1.0499965GHz～1.0500035GHz
analysis
frequency 4945C/3GHz: 2.9999926GHz～3.0000074GHz

81
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
range
Power -90/reference level -80:
ANT port -91.5~-88.5
Reference level
range and +20~-80 Power 0/reference level +20:
accuracy of -1.5~+1.5
17 dBm
sweep Power -60/reference level -50:
spectrum T/R port -61.5~-58.5
analysis
+54~-50 Power +10/reference level +54:
+8.5~+11.5
Average noise ANT port: ＜-125
level of sweep
18 dBm
spectrum T/R port: ＜-75
analysis
Modulation bandwidth:
24Hz～36Hz
30Hz
Switching error: -1
dB~+1 dB
Bandwidth: 240Hz～
360Hz
300Hz
Switching error: -1
Resolution dB~+1 dB
bandwidth and
its accuracy Frequency: Bandwidth: 2.7kHz～
19 and switching / 300MHz 3kHz 3.3kHz
error of sweep Power: -10 dB Benchmark
spectrum
analysis Bandwidth: 27kHz～
33kHz
30kHz
Switching error: -1
dB~+1 dB
Bandwidth: 54kHz～
66kHz
60kHz
Switching error: -1
dB~+1 dB
Table A.1 Inspection records of 4945B/C radio communications test set (Cont. 2)
Serial
Item Unit Standard requirement Results
No.
Bandwidth: 270kHz～
Resolution 330kHz
300kHz
bandwidth and Switching error: -1
its accuracy Frequency: dB~+1 dB
19 and switching / 300MHz
error of sweep Power: -10 dB Bandwidth: 2.25MHz～
spectrum 3.75MHz
3MHz
analysis (Cont.) Switching error: -1
dB~+1 dB
Sweep time 100 ms: 98 ms~102 ms
range of sweep Sweep time
20 /
spectrum 100 ms~100 s 100S: 98 s~102 s
analysis
21 Frequency mW ANT port 300kHz/+19dBm 71.49~87.3

82
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
range, level 4945B: 8mW
range and 1.05GHz/+19dBm
accuracy of T/R port
broadband 4945C: 3GHz/+19dBm
power meter
300kHz/+19:+17～+21
Frequency T/R port
4945B:1.05GHz/-40:-42～-38
range, level +51~-40
range and 4945C: 3GHz/-40:-42~-38
22 dBm
accuracy of 300kHz/+10:+8～+12
narrow-band ANT port
power meter 4945B:1.05GHz/-80:-82～-78
+10~-80
4945C: 3GHz/-80:-82~-78
Frequency 300kHz: -1Hz~+1Hz
range and
4945B/1.05GHz: -1Hz~+1Hz
23 accuracy of Hz
frequency error
4945C/3GHz: -1Hz~+1Hz
meter
Frequency
resolution of
24 Hz 1
frequency error
meter
Demodulation Carrier 300 kHz/modulation Modulation rate
and analysis rate 20 Hz 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
frequency
range and 4945B
demodulation Carrier 1.05GHz/modulation
25 / rate 20kHz
counting Modulation rate
frequency 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
4945C
range of analog
modulation Carrier 3GHz/modulation rate
signals 20kHz
Demodulation
and analysis Modulation
sensitivity of rate/frequency Measured SINAD:
26 dB
analog deviation/amplitude ≥10dB
modulation 1kHz/10kHz/-100dBm
signals
Demodulation
and analysis
demodulation
counting
27 Hz 0.1
resolution of
analog
modulation
signals
Modulation Modulation rate:
Demodulation rate/frequency 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
and analysis deviation Frequency deviation:
frequency 20Hz/150kHz 142.5kHz~157.5kHz
28 deviation, /
accuracy and Modulation Modulation rate:
modulation rate rate/frequency 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
of FM signal deviation Frequency deviation:
20kHz/150kHz 142.5kHz~157.5kHz

83
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
Table A.1 Inspection records of 4945B/C radio communications test set (Cont. 3)
Serial
Item Unit Standard requirement Results
No.
Demodulation Modulation Modulation rate:
and analysis rate/AM depth 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
frequency 20Hz/30% AM depth: 28.5%~31.5%
29 deviation, /
accuracy and Modulation Modulation rate:
modulation rate rate/AM depth 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
of AM signals 20kHz/90% AM depth: 85.5%~94.5%
Demodulation 300Hz/LSB: 297Hz~303Hz
and analysis
frequency rate
30 /
of SSB 5kHz/USB: 4.95kHz~5.05kHz
demodulation
signals
Demodulation Modulation Carrier 300 kHz
and analysis format: QPSK 4945B
frequency Code element Carrier 1.05
31 range of digital / rate: 20kHz EVM≤3 %rms
GHz
modulation
signals Filters/α factor 4945C
(Optional) RRC/0.5 Carrier 3 GHz
Maximum
demodulation
bandwidth and Carrier frequency: 300 MHz
maximum code Modulation format: QPSK
32 element rate of / EVM≤3 %rms
digital Code element rate: 5MHz
demodulation Filter/α factor: RRC/1.0
signals
(optional)
Maximum real-
time analysis
bandwidth of
frequency Frequency band:
33 MHz Bandwidth: 59.4~60.6
hopping signal 570~630
analysis
(optional)

Frequency 80Hz: 79.8Hz~80.2Hz

range of audio
34 / 80Hz~20kHz
signal 20kHz: 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
generation
Frequency
resolution of
35 Hz 0.1
audio signal
generation
Level range and 80Hz/7Vrms: 6.65Vrms~7.35Vrms
accuracy of
36 /
audio signal 20kHz/10mVrms: 9.5 mVrms~10.5 mVrms
generation

Input High impedance: >10kΩ

37 /
impedance of 600Ω: 550Ω～650Ω
84
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
audio signal 150Ω: 140Ω～160Ω
analysis
Maximum input
level dance of
38 Vrms 10Vrms: 9.5 Vrms~10.5 Vrms
audio signal
analysis
Frequency 20Hz/10Vrms: 19.8Hz~20.2Hz
range and input
level range of 20Hz~20kHz
39 audio signal / 20 mV～30 20kHz/20mVrms:
analysis Vrms 19.8kHz~20.2kHz
frequency
meter
Frequency
resolution of
audio signal
40 Hz 0.1
analysis
frequency
meter
Frequency 20Hz/10Vrms: 9.5Vrms~10.5Vrms
range, level 20Hz~20kHz
range and 1mV～30
41 accuracy of Vrms Vrms 20kHz/10Vrms:
audio signal Accuracy: ±5 9.5Vrms~10.5Vrms
analysis level 
meter
Frequency 300Hz/600Hz/50%/140mVP:
range, level 2dB~4dB
range and 300Hz~5kHz
42 accuracy of dB
audio signal 0.1~30Vrms 5kHz/10kHz/50%/5VP:
analysis SINAD 2dB~4dB
meter

Table A.1 Inspection records of 4945B/C radio communications test set (Cont. 4)
Serial
Item Unit Standard requirement Results
No.
Frequency 1kHz/2kHz/50%/500mVP:
range and 2~4
accuracy of 3~60
43 dB
audio signal Accuracy: ±1.0 1kHz/2kHz/0.1%/500mVP:
analysis SINAD 59~61
meter
Frequency 300Hz/600Hz/9%/140mVP:
range and input 9.5%~10.5%
level range of 300Hz~5kHz
44 /
audio signal 0.1~30Vrms 5kHz/10kHz/9%/5VP:
analysis 9.5%~10.5%
distortion meter
Frequency 0~90% 1kHz/2kHz/0.1%/800mVP:
range and Accuracy: ＜ <0.5%
accuracy of ±0.5% (distortion
45 / 1kHz/2kHz/9%/800mVP:
audio signal ＜10%), ＜
±1.0% (distortion 9.5%~10.5%
analysis
distortion meter ＜20%) 1kHz/2kHz/47.4%/800mVP:

85
 Chapter VI Technical Indicators and Testing Methods
89%~91%
Frequency 300Hz/140mVP/280mVP:
range, level 5dB~7dB
range and 300Hz~5kHz
46 /
accuracy of 0.1~30Vrms 5kHz/2.5VP/5VP:
audio signal 5dB~7dB
analysis SNR
Measuring 1kHz/100mVP/142mVP:
range and 2~4
accuracy of 3~60
47 dB
audio signal Accuracy: ±1.0 1kHz/4mVP/4096mVP:
analysis SNR 59~61
meter
Channel 1
Oscilloscope Impedance: 0.99MΩ~1.01MΩ
Input Channel 2
48 /
impedance Channel 1
(Optional) Capacity: ≤20pF
Channel 2
Baud rate 0.000001
range and BER
measuring
49 range of digital / 110-1~110-6
sequence 0.1
generation
(Optional)
Comprehensive
judgment
Remarks: "√" indicates compliance and "x" indicates non-compliance.
Blank below

86
 Part III Maintenance Instructions

Part III Maintenance

Instructions

87
 Chapter VII Maintenance and Repair

Chapter VII Maintenance and Repair

Section I Maintenance
1 Routine Maintenance
This product is a precision instrument, please strictly follow the procedures and pay attention to the
warning information during use. The casing of the instrument should be kept clean and can be wiped
with clean soft cloth frequently to prevent small articles from falling into the instrument through the
ventilation holes. During the operation of this instrument, avoid objects from blocking the ventilation
holes. When this instrument is not in use, try to cover it with suitable cloth as far as possible to prevent
the instrument from falling ash.
When the instrument is not in use, the ports should be covered. Clean ports can provide accurate data.
A dust blower can be used to clean the dust on the measuring ports frequently. Always rotate the test
ports gently during the test to avoid damaging the ports.
2 Power Requirements and Electrostatic Protection
Power supply and electrostatic protection requirements have been described in detail in chapter I.
Improper use of power supply will cause instrument damage and even serious consequences like
personal injury. Therefore, always check the power supply carefully before the instrument is powered on
and operate the instrument in strict accordance with the instructions in the user manual. Electrostatic
protection is a problem that is often ignored by users. The damage it causes to the instrument, although
not shown immediately, will greatly reduce the reliability of the instrument. Therefore, whenever possible,
electrostatic protection measures should be taken as far as possible and applied correctly in daily work.
To prevent or reduce mutual interference caused by multiple devices through power supply, especially
spike interference caused by high-power devices which may cause damage to instrument hardware, it is
better to use 220 V AC stabilized power supply to supply power to the instrument.
Please adopt the AC-DC adapter delivered along with the instrument to supply power to the instrument.
Improper use of the power adapter will cause damage to the internal hardware of the instrument. If this
instrument is powered by batteries or with batteries inside, please replace the battery, if necessary, with
one of the same type, to avoid the risk of explosion.
Warning: Poor or improper grounding can result in instrument damage or even
personal injury. Before turning on the power supply of the signal source, make sure
that the ground wire is in good contact with the ground wire of the power supply.
Use a power outlet with grounding protection. Do not use any external cable, power
 line or autotransformer without any protective grounding as the protective
grounding line. In case of any autotransformer adopted, do connect the common
terminal to the protective grounding line of the power connection.

Section II General Maintenance

This section mainly introduces the problems that may occur during the use of this product and some
measures that users may take to provide convenience for users as much as possible.
1 Possible Faults of the Instrument and Solutions
1.1 Blank Screen
If the screen is blanked, please follow the steps listed below for checking:
 Whether the standard power adapter is powered on and whether the power meets the working
requirements of this product.
 Whether the power switch of the instrument is on.
 Is there a clicking sound of during the self-test of the instrument within 1 minute after the power
switch is pressed?
 Check the fan operation.
If the conditions are normal after the above checks, the fault may be on the digital processing board or
LDC screen of the instrument; If the fan does not rotate, the cause may be at the power supply of the
instrument; If you can hear the click, the LCD may be broken.
88
 Chapter VII Maintenance and Repair
1.2 Abnormal Startup
If the instrument cannot enter the normal working state after startup, please turn off the instrument and
turn it on again. For your safety, please do not open the instrument casing without authorization.
1.3 Hardware Faults
This instrument has the functions of self-calibration of the whole instrument self-detection of each single
board. If there is an error after self-calibration, it should be judged as a fault of the instrument. The
causes may be various. Due to the high complexity of the circuit of this product, it is recommended that
users do not disassemble the instrument, especially when it is within the warranty period. It is strictly
prohibited for users to disassemble the instrument without permission. Please contact us as soon as
possible in case of any problem. We will provide you with timely service.
2. Repair of the Instrument
When your 4945B/C radio communications test set has problems that are difficult to solve, we can
provide you with advice by phone or fax. When it is confirmed that the hardware of the 4945B/C radio
communications test set is damaged and needs to be repaired, please package the instrument with the
original materials or other commercially used materials and follow the steps below:
 Prepare a detailed description of the failure of the instrument and put it in the package along with
the instrument.
 Place the instrument in an anti-static plastic bag to reduce possible electrostatic discharge damage.
 Place foam cushions at the four corners of the outer packing carton, place the instrument in the
outer packing carton, and fill foam boards in the gaps around.
 Seal the opening of the packing carton with adhesive tape and reinforce the packing carton with
nylon tape.
 Specify text like “Fragile! Do not touch! Handel with care!” and so on.
 Please check by precision instrument.
 Keep a copy of all shipping documents.
Note: Using other materials for packaging the 4945B/C radio communications test
set may damage the instrument. Do not use polystyrene pellets of any size as
packaging materials. They cannot adequately cover the instrument or provide
! protection for the instrument placed in the carton during transportation. They can
generate static electricity and be sucked into the fan, causing damage to the
instrument.

89
 Appendix A

Appendix A
Programming Guide
6.-1 LAN Connection
(1) Connect the computer to the switch with a network cable and connect the instrument to the switch. (2)
After connecting the network cable, press 〖System〗 > 〖TCP/IP〗 on the instrument display and
click on the 〖IP Address〗 or 〖Subnet Mask〗 input box to set the network IP address and subnet mask
of the signal source. In the example in this chapter, the IP address is set to the default value of
192.168.1.15 and the subnet mask default value of 255.255.255.0.
(3) The LAN interface programming of this instrument conforms to the standard socket programming
specifications of Windows operating system, and the default port number is 950.
(4) The VC++ language reference for user programming is as follows:.
CSocket mySocket;
mySocket.Create (0, SOCK_STREAM, NULL);
mySocket.Connect ("192.168.1.15 ", 950);
6-2 Local and Remote Control
When the 4945B/C radio communications test set is remotely controlled, and both the front panel keys
and the soft menu keys have not failed, the remote control port symbol will be displayed on the top bar of
the interface.
6-3 Data Transmission with Computers
The tester cannot automatically add units to the data received from the computer, and the user must
specify it himself, as shown in Table A.2:
Table A.2 Data Units

Test data Basic units

Frequency GHz, MHz, kHz, and Hz
Power dBm
Amplitude V, mV and uV
Ratio dB
Voltage V
Time s, ms, us and ns

6-4 Read Command Operations

Some commands in this instrument support read operations, for example:
The start frequency command for setting the sweep frequency spectrum is: NML:FA 10MHz
Then the command to read the start frequency is: NML:FA?
Read command returned characters: 10000000
The read command does not follow any parameters, but a "?" should be added at the end of the
command. After sending the command, values returned from this instrument can be read by reading
relevant bus.
6-5 Program Control Command Reference
This part mainly introduces the program control commands and relevant programming rules used in
4945B/C radio communications test set, and lists the program control commands by functional group.
This part describes programming instructions for 4945B/C, as well as the description of the programming
instructions, the description of syntax components and definitions of keywords. Table A.3 arranges
program control commands by function and gives corresponding description.
Table A.3 Program Control Commands
90
 Appendix A

Support
Attrib reading
Command Description Parameter Description
ute command
or not
*RST Reset instrument No parameters No
Query machine
*IDN? No parameters —
number
Set internal/external INT: Internal reference
REF INT|EXT No
reference EXT: external reference
Set reference output
REFOUTPUT ON|OFF Yes
on/off
Transmitting Performance Test |
Receiving Performance Test |
Sweep Frequency Spectrum |
Real Time Spectrum | Audio
Syste RUNMODE SEND| Receiving | Audio Generation |
m RECV|NML|REL|AUDI Open/close Oscilloscope | Error Rate
ORX|AUDIOTX|OSC|B corresponding function Measurement | Power Yes
ER|POW|ETEST windows Measurement | Equipment
ON|OFF Automatic Test
Example: RUNMODE SEND ON
is to turn on the RF TX function;
RUNMODE RECV OFF is to turn
off the RF RX function.
ANT: ANT port
RFIN ANT|TR Set RF input interface Yes
TR: T/R port
GEN: GEN port
RFOUT GEN|TR Set RF output interface Yes
TR: T/R port
NML:FA Set start frequency Units GHz|MHz|kHz|Hz Yes
NML:FB Set stop frequency Units GHz|MHz|kHz|Hz Yes
NML:CF Set center frequency Units GHz|MHz|kHz|Hz Yes
NML:SP Set sweep Units GHz|MHz|kHz|Hz Yes
NML:RL Set reference level Units dBMV|dBm|dBV|V|W Yes
NML:LG Set logarithmic scale Unit dB Yes
auto coupling
NML:AUTOALL No parameters No
All parameter
Swee
p NML:RB
Set resolution sweep Yes
spectr AUTO|HAND|value
um NML:VB
Set video sweep Yes
AUTO|HAND|value
NML:SWT
Set sweep time Yes
AUTO|HAND|value
NML:RFATT
Set RF attenuation The unit of RF attenuation is dB Yes
AUTO|HAND|value
NML:AVG
Set video averaging No
ON|OFF|average time
NML:SWPTYPE
Set sweep mode Continuous | single time Yes
CTN|ONE

91
 Appendix A
Select current active
NML:MKSEL 1|2|3|4 Yes
marker
Set the frequency or
time of the current
NML:MKF Yes
active marker (time at
zero sweep)
Query marker
NML:MKA? —
amplitude
Peak value | sub - peak value |
NML:MKPK
Set marker to right peak value | left peak value No
HI|NH|RH|LH|LO
| minimum value
Set the frequency
deviation or time
deviation of the current Turn on difference marker
NML:MKDF Yes
active marker (time synchronously
deviation at zero
sweep)
Restore marker to
NML:MKNM No parameters No
normal marker
Return marker
NML:MKDA? difference and Unit dB —
amplitude difference
Close currently
NML:MKOFF No parameters No
selected marker
NML:MKNOISE OFF | Turn noise market Read command returns
Yes
frequency deviation on/off measured noise value
NML:MKCLR Close all markers No parameters No
NML:TRACEA
Refresh | Maximum Hold | Show
FRESH|HOLD|SHOW| Set trace A No
| Hide
HIDE
NML:TRACEB
Refresh | Maximum Hold | Show
FRESH|HOLD|SHOW| Set trace B No
| Hide
HIDE
NML:DET Auto | Positive and Negative
AUTO|MAXMIN|MAX| Set detection mode Peak | Positive Peak | Negative No
MIN|SAMPLE Peak | Sampling
REL:CF Set center frequency Yes
REL:SP Set analysis sweep Yes
REL:RL Set reference level Units dBMV|dBm|dBV|V|W Yes
REL:RFATT Set attenuator Unit: dB Yes
REL:LG Set logarithmic scale dB Yes
Real-t
Select current active
ime REL:MKSEL 1|2|3|4 Yes
marker
spectr
um Set the frequency or
time of the current
REL:MKF Yes
active marker (time at
zero sweep)
Query marker
REL:MKA? —
amplitude
REL:MKPK Set marker to Peak value | sub - peak value | No
92
 Appendix A
HI|NH|RH|LH|LO right peak value | left peak value
| minimum value
Set the frequency
deviation or time
deviation of the current Turn on difference marker
REL:MKDF Yes
active marker (time synchronously
deviation at zero
sweep)
Restore marker to
REL:MKNM No parameters No
normal marker
Return marker
REL:MKDA? difference and Unit dB —
amplitude difference
Close currently
REL:MKOFF No parameters No
selected marker
REL:MKNOISE
Turn noise market Read command returns
OFF|frequency Yes
on/off measured noise value
deviation
REL:MKCLR Close all markers No parameters No
REL:TRACEA Set trace A Refresh | Maximum Hold | Show
FRESH|HOLD|SHOW| Yes
| Hide
HIDE
REL:TRACEB
Refresh | Maximum Hold | Show
FRESH|HOLD|SHOW| Set trace B Yes
| Hide
HIDE
REL:RUNSTYLE
Run or stop RUN|STOP No
RUN|STOP
REL:RUNTYPE Set continuous or
Continuous | single time No
CONT|SING single time
Waterfall | Time domain diagram
(frequency) | Time domain
REL:SHOWSTYLE diagram (amplitude) | Time
3D|TFREQ|TAMPL|TF Set display type domain diagram (frequency and No
NA amplitude)

Set upper scale of the

REL:UPSCALE time domain frequency No
diagram
Set lower scale of the
REL:DOWNSCALE time domain frequency No
diagram
REL:TIMELAST Set display time No
REL:STARTTIME Set start time No
REL:CATCHTIME Set acquisition time No
REL:FRAMENUM Set display frames No
Turn on/off
OSC:CHL1 ON|OFF Yes
oscilloscope channel 1
Oscill
oscop Turn on/off
OSC:CHL2 ON|OFF Yes
e oscilloscope channel 2
OSC:COUPSTYLE1 Set coupling mode of Yes

93
 Appendix A
DC|AC oscilloscope channel 1
OSC:COUPSTYLE2 Set coupling mode of
Yes
DC|AC oscilloscope channel 2
Set deviation of
OSC:OFT1 Yes
oscilloscope channel 1
Set deviation of
OSC: OFT2 Yes
oscilloscope channel 2
Set vertical scale of
OSC:VERSCALE1 Yes
oscilloscope channel 1
Set vertical scale of
OSC:VERSCALE2 Yes
oscilloscope channel 2
OSC:AMPMKR Turn on/off amplitude
Yes
ON|OFF cursor
OSC:TIMEMKR
Turn on/off time cursor Yes
ON|OFF
OSC:MODE
Set running mode Auto|Normal Yes
AUTO|NML
OSC:SINGLE Set single time running No
OSC:RUNSTYLE
Set to run or stop RUN|STOP Yes
RUN|STOP
OSC:HORSCALE Set horizontal scale Yes
OSC:TRIGTIME Set trigger time Yes
Query power The unit is the set unit, dBm by
POW:READ? —
measurement result default
Power
meas POW:FREQ Set carrier frequency Yes
ureme
After setting, the amplitude value
nt
POW:AMPLUNIT Set amplitude unit of this unit will be returned when Yes
reading the results
RECV:FREQ Set frequency Yes
BPSK|QPSK|DQPSK|MSK|8PS
RECV:MODE K|TCM8|16QAM|2ASK|2FSK are
BPSK|QPSK|DQPSK| vector demodulation formats,
Set demodulation
MSK|8PSK|TCM8|16Q which require vector Yes
format
AM|2ASK|2FSK|FM|A demodulation option; NONE
M|LSB|USB|NONE refers to the non-demodulation
format
Set demodulation
RECV:ATT Unit: dB Yes
RX attenuator
perfor RECV:REFLEVEL Set reference level Yes
manc
e test Set display waveform
RECV:RUN
to be refreshed or Yes
RUN|STOP
stopped
RECV:IFBW Select IF bandwidth of 300kHz|100kHz|30kHz|25kHz|1
Yes
0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7 analog demodulation 2.5kHz|10kHz|8.33kHz|6.25kHz
LPF20kHz|LPF15kHz|LPF5kHz|
LPF300Hz|BPF300Hz-20kHz|
RECV:AUFIR Select filter of analog BPF300Hz-15kHz| Yes
0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9 demodulation
BPF300Hz-5kHz|
BPF300Hz-3.4kHz|

94
 Appendix A
LPF 50Hz|
LPF 45kHz
RECV:AUOUT Set demodulation
Yes
ON|OFF audio output on/off
RECV:VOICEOUT Set demodulation
Yes
ON|OFF speaker output on/off
RECV:AUTOCARRY Set auto search carrier No
Set SNR reference
RECV:SNRLOCK No
locking
Read error values of
RECV:RDFREQ —
measured frequencies
Write command Set
narrow-band or
bandwidth power Parameter for write command:
RECV:RDLEVEL Yes
measurement, read NARROW|WIDE
command reads power
measurement values
Read the frequency
RECV:RDFMDEV deviation depth of FM —
demodulation results
Read the depth of AM
RECV:RDAMDEP —
demodulation results
Read the modulation
RECV:RDRATE rate of analog —
demodulation results
Read the distortion of
RECV:RDDSTN analog demodulation —
results
Read the SINAD of
RECV:RDSINAD analog demodulation —
results
Read the SNR of
RECV:RDSNR analog demodulation —
results
Set the code element
Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:VRATE rate for vector Yes
option
demodulation
RC filter|RRC filter|GAUSS filter;
RECV:VEC:VFILTER Set the filter for vector
Require vector demodulation Yes
VRC|VRRC|VGAUSS demodulation
option
Set the α or BT factor
Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:VALPHA for vector Yes
option
demodulation
Set the number of
RECV:VEC:VSYMNU requires vector demodulation
symbols for vector Yes
M option
demodulation
RECV:VEC:DIGIOUT Set digital output for Require vector demodulation
Yes
ON|OFF vector demodulation option
Read the frequency of
Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:RDVFREQ vector demodulation —
option
results

95
 Appendix A

Read the amplitude of

RECV:VEC:RDVLEVE Require vector demodulation
vector demodulation —
L option
results
Read the EVM of
Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:RDEVM vector demodulation —
option
results
Read the amplitude
error of vector Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:RDPHE —
demodulation results option
error
Read the amplitude
error of vector Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:RDAME —
demodulation results option
error
Read the frequency
Require vector demodulation
RECV:VEC:RDDEV deviation of 2FSK —
option
demodulation results
Set carrier frequency of
SEND:REFFREQ Yes
RF TX
Set carrier amplitude of
SEND:REFLEVEL Yes
RF TX
Set frequency deviation
of FM modulation
SEND:FMDEV1 Yes
source 1 for RF TX

Set depth of AM
SEND:AMDEP1 modulation source 1 for Yes
RF TX
Set depth of SSB
SEND:SSBDEP1 modulation source 1 for Yes
RF TX
Set frequency deviation
of FM modulation
SEND:FMDEV2 Yes
source 2 for RF TX
RF
TX
Set depth of AM
SEND:AMDEP2 modulation source 2 for Yes
RF TX
Set depth of SSB
SEND:SSBDEP2 modulation source 2 for Yes
RF TX
BPSK|QPSK|DQPSK|MSK|8PS
SEND:DEMOTYPE K|TCM8|16QAM|2ASK|2FSK are
BPSK|QPSK|DQPSK| digital demodulation formats,
Set modulation type of
MSK|8PSK|TCM8|16Q which require digital Yes
RF TX
AM|2ASK|2FSK|FM|A demodulation option; NONE
M|LSB|USB|NONE refers to the non-demodulation
format
SEND:POWER ON: on
Turn on/off RF TX Yes
ON|OFF OFF: off
SEND:TYPE Set carrier type of RF Continuous Wave | List Yes
CW|HOP|EX TX Frequency Hopping | Real Time

96
 Appendix A
Frequency Hopping
SEND:SRC1 Set type of modulation Sine | Square Wave | Triangle |
SINE|SQUA|TRIA|HAC source 1 of RF TX Sawtooth | 7 - Core Microphone | Yes
K|MIC|AUDIO analog modulation External Audio
Set speed of analog
SEND:SPEED1 modulation source 1 of Yes
RF TX
Turn on/off analog ON: on
SEND:SRC2 ON|OFF modulation source 2 of Yes
RF TX OFF: off

Set speed of analog

SEND:SPEED2 modulation source 2 of Yes
RF TX
Set the code element
Require vector signal generation
SEND:VEC:VRATE rate for digital Yes
options
modulation of RF TX
SEND:VEC:VFILTER Set filter type for digital Require vector signal generation
Yes
RC|RRC|GAUSS modulation of RF TX options
Set the α or BT factor
range 0.0~1.0; requires vector
SEND:VEC:VALPHA for digital modulation of Yes
signal generation options
RF TX
Set frequency
deviation of 2FSK Require vector signal generation
SEND:VEC:VFMDEV Yes
modulation source for options
RF TX
Set depth of 2ASK Require vector signal generation
SEND:VEC:VFMDEP Yes
modulation for RF TX options
CUSTOM: manual code; EXT:
SEND:VEC:BERTYPE Set the sequence for
External code input; require
ALL0|ALL1|01|PN5|PN digital modulation of Yes
9|PN11|CUSTOM|EXT RF TX vector signal generation
options
Set the manual code for Valid in the CUSTOM mode;
SEND:VEC:BERCUS digital modulation of RF requires vector signal generation Yes
TX options
Turn on/off the BER
SEND:VEC:BERERR Require vector signal generation
and Set BER for digital Yes
ON|OFF|BER options
modulation of RF TX
Set whether to output
SEND:VEC:BEROUT Require vector signal generation
digital modulation of Yes
ON|OFF options
RF TX to the panel
Set the start frequency
Require frequency hopping
SEND:HOP:HOPSTA for list frequency Yes
signal generation options
hopping of RF TX
Set the stop frequency
Require frequency hopping
SEND:HOP:HOPSTP for list frequency Yes
signal generation options
hopping of RF TX
Set the residence time
Require frequency hopping
SEND:HOP:HOPDT for list frequency Yes
signal generation options
hopping of RF TX
Set the switching time
Require frequency hopping
SEND:HOP:HOPCT for list frequency Yes
signal generation options
hopping of RF TX
97
 Appendix A

Set the number of list

Require frequency hopping
SEND:HOP:HOPPT frequency hopping Yes
signal generation options
points of RF TX
Query BER
BER:READ? —
measurement result
BER 1kb|10kb|100kb|
meas BER: LEN 0|1|2|3|4 Set BER data length Yes
1Mb|10Mb
ureme
nt BER:TYPE TTL|232 Set signal input level Yes
ON: Turn on data reversion
BER:REVE ON|OFF Set data reversion Yes
OFF: Turn off data reversion
Set frequency of audio
AUDIOTX:FREQ1 Yes
1 for audio generation
Set frequency of audio
AUDIOTX: FREQ2 Yes
2 for audio generation
Set amplitude of audio
AUDIOTX: AMPL1 Yes
1 for audio generation
Set amplitude of audio
AUDIOTX: AMPL2 Yes
2 for audio generation
AUDIOTX: POWER Turn on/off audio ON: on
Yes
ON|OFF generation output OFF: off
AUDIOTX: SHAPE
Set waveform of audio Sine|square wave|triangle|
SINE|SQUA|TRIA|HAC Yes
1 for audio generation sawtooth
KLE
AUDIOTX: LOAD Set audio generation
600Ω|150Ω| high impedance Yes
600|150|HIGH impedance
AUDIOTX: POWER2 ON: on
Turn on/off audio 2 Yes
Audio ON|OFF OFF: off
gener Set relative phase of
ation AUDIOTX: PHASE Unit: rad Yes
audio generation
Audio
analy
sis LPF 20kHz| LPF 15kHz| LPF
AUDIORX: FILTER Set audio RX filter 5kHz| LPF 300Hz|
Yes
0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8 selection 300Hz-20k|300Hz-15k|300Hz-5k
|300Hz-3.4k|LPF 50Hz
AUDIORX: LOAD Set audio RX
600Ω|150Ω|High impedance Yes
600|150|HIGH impedance
AUDIORX: CHL Set audio RX channel 30V-5V|5V-500mV|500mV-50m
Yes
0|1|2|3|AUTO range V|<50mV|Auto
Set selected frequency
AUDIORX: SNRFREQ Yes
of audio RX
Set audio RX, ON: Auto mode on
AUDIORX: AUTOSNR
distortion/SINAD/SNR Yes
ON|OFF OFF: Auto mode off
frequency to auto
Set SNR reference
AUDIORX: SNRLOCK No
locking of audio RX
Query the frequency of
AUDIORX: RDFREQ? audio RX —
measurement results

98
 Appendix A

Query the level of

AUDIORX: RDLEVEL? audio RX —
measurement results
Query the distortion of
AUDIORX: RDDSTN? audio RX —
measurement results
Query the SINAD of
AUDIORX: RDSINAD? audio RX —
measurement results
Query the SNR of
AUDIORX: RDSNR? audio RX —
measurement results
Select the model of the
ETEST:BROADCAST XXX refers to the radio model,
radio station to be —
XXX XXX=TBR371, for instance
tested
START: Start auto test
ETEST:RUN START| CONTINUE: Continue the test
Start or exit test —
CONTINUE|EXIT from the prompted status
EXIT: Exit the test
Returned value 255: test idling
(or completed) Returned value
254: paused for prompts
ETEST:STATUS? Read auto test status —
0~100: in normal test, current
progress

Read prompt The returned value is a character

ETEST:PROMPTINFO
information in the string containing prompt
?
pause status information
ETEST:TESTITEM DEFAULT: Set all test items by
Select test item —
DEFAULT|value default (recommended);
Auto
Value: 32-bit hexadecimal value,
Equip
each bit representing a test item,
ment
as follows:
Test
D0: Working frequency error
D1: Transmitting power
D2: Sideband suppression
D3: Carrier suppression
D4: Harmonic Emission
Component
D5: Parasitic emission
component
D6: Pilot frequency / pilot
frequency deviation
D7: Transmitter analog
modulation sensitivity
D8: Transmitter adjacent
channel power ratio
D9: Frequency hopping
bandwidth/frequency hopping
signal amplitude
D10: Frequency hopping
rate/switching time

99
 Appendix A
D11: Receiving sensitivity
D12: SNR of large signal
D13: Audio output power D14:
Audio harmonic distortion D15:
Intermediate frequency
rejection ratio
D16: Mirror frequency rejection
ratio
D17: Squelch sensitivity
D18: Static noise hysteresis
Example: If the value =
00000803, it represents 3 items,
test reception sensitivity,
operating frequency error and
transmission power.
The returned value is a character
string containing test results of all
test items, for example,
ETEST: RESAULT? Read test results “Transmitting power: 1W\n
harmonic transmit component:
40dB\n
……”

100