FPFF & AFF

S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268

Q. WHAT IS FIRE?
ANS: It is a chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen in presence of heat
Q. WHAT IS FIRE FIGHTING?
ANS: -boundary cooling to reduce temperature
-smothering to reduce oxygen
-cutting of combustible materials, starving.
Q. ILLUSTRATE ‘FIRE’?
ANS: F= Find: Locate the place of fire
I= Inform: Inform bridge. Raise alarm immediately
R= Restrict: Isolate electric circuit, close ventilation, initiate boundary cooling
E= Extinguish: Use appropriate PPE and apply correct extinguisher
Q. DRAW FIRE TRIANGLE?
ANS:
FUEL O2

HEAT
Q. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFF AND BASIC FIRE FIGHTING?
ANS: BASIC FIRE FIGHTING: FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION (STCW A-VI/1-2):
The Fire Fighting and Fire Prevention course deals with the necessary precautions to minimise the risk of fires
aboard ship. It examines how fires are caused and the first means of extinguishing them.
The aim of the course is to give seafarers the essential education and training in firefighting and fire prevention,
particularly
focusing on:
1. Understanding the risk of fire onboard and how to minimise those risks
2. Learning how to fight and extinguish fires as well as search for and recover casualties
3. Covering how to wear firefighting equipment including personal breathing apparatus and safe use of fire
extinguishers.
ADVANCE FIRE FIGHTING: AT THE END OF OUR TRAINING WE SHOULD:
1. understand the principles involved in controlling firefighting operations on board a vessel,
2. be able to control the firefighting operations on board ship,
3. be able to organise and train fire parties,
4. be able to inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment
5. be able to investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire, and
6. know how to carry out firefighting operations on board tankers (oil, chemical, liquefied gas).
PREREQUISITES: You must hold any one of the following:
1. STCW Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting certificate
Q. WHAT IS THE NEW REGULATION OF FIRE?
ANS: 1. AT LEAST 2 HYDRANTS IN ENGINE ROOM
2. 02 NOS OF PORTABLE FOAM EXTINGUSHERS OF NOT LESS THAN 20 L FOAM
Q. TYPES OF EXTINGUSHERS?
ANS: The firefighting system and fire extinguisher types on board ships can be classified into three category –
1. Portable fire extinguisher
2. Semi-portable fire extinguisher
3. Fixed type firefighting equipment onboard ship
Q. TELL ME THE NAME OF FIXED FIRE FIGHTING EXTINGUSHER?
ANS:1. Fire main system
2. Sprinkler system
3. Co2 flooding system
4. Fixed deck foam system
5. Fire pump and emergency fire pump
6. IG system
Q. MAINTENANCE OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUSHER?
ANS: MAINTENANCE OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ON SHIPS:

1|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
1. The portable extinguishers are a type of pressure vessels and should be routinely checked for leakage etc.
2. The operating mechanism of the portable fire extinguishers should be regularly checked (where possible) every
3 months.
3. The vent holes to be checked for clearance.
4. All the cap threads should be lightly greased. There are holes provided in the screw on caps to release any
excess pressure. Ensure these holes are clear.
5. The plunger should be checked for free movement, and any missing or damaged plunger should be replaced.
6. Depending upon the types of fire on board ship, the flag state and class requirement accordingly determines
the number, types, and locations of these portable firefighting extinguishers as per SOLAS.
7. The ship’s officer must ensure all the firefighting equipment, including the fire extinguishers, are always in the
state of readiness. Any problem or defect in the fire extinguisher to be reported immediately to the master.
8. Check all the markings on portable fire extinguisher are visible including the inspection dates.
9. The recharging of the extinguisher to be done as per the instruction supplied by the manufacturer only.
10. For DCP, invert the extinguisher once in a while to ensure the powder inside it is agitated.
11. Hydraulic tests of all the extinguishers with propellent cartridges to be performed at an interval, not more
than 10 years.
Q. QUANTITY OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS MEDIUM?
ANS:1. Each powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher shall have a capacity of at least 5 kg
2. Each foam extinguisher shall have a capacity of at least 9 L.
3. The mass of all portable fire extinguishers shall not exceed 23 kg and they shall have a fire extinguishing
capability at least equivalent to that of a 9 L fluid extinguisher
Q. CONTENTS OF FOAM EXTINGUSHER?
ANS: Inner container filled with Al2(SO4)3
Outer container filled with NaHCO3
Ratio: Al2 (SO4)3: NaHCO3
1: 3
Note: Chemical Foam Extinguishers are now banned on ships because of the poisonous effect which
the gas can create
Q. CHEMICAL REACTION OF D.C.P?
ANS: Outer container - NaHCO3
Inner case contains 60 mg co2
Range about 3 to 4 minutes
Duration 15 seconds
Q. CLASSIFY FIRE? AND ITS EXTINGUISHING AGENTS?
ANS: CLASSES OF FIRES (ISO STANDARD AS PER FSS CODE):
Class A: Fires involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature. Extinguishing agent: Water, Foam, Dry
Powder
Class B: Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids. Extinguishing agent: Dry Powder, DCP
Class C: fires involving gases. Extinguishing agent: Dry Powder
Class D: Fires involving metals. Extinguishing agent: Dry Powder, DCP
Class E: Electric fire. Extinguishing agent: CO2
Class F: Fires involving cooking oils. Extinguishing agent: Wet Chemical
Q. COLOR CODE OF FIRE EXTINGUSHERS?
ANS:1. Water: red
2. Foam: yellow/ cream
3. DCP: blue
4. Co2: black
5. Halon: green
Q. LIFELINE SIGNAL?
ANS: OATH: O=Ok-by 1 pull
A=Advanced-by 2 pull
T=Trouble-by 3 pull
H=Hoisted-by 4 pull
Q: WHAT IS THE MAINTENANCE OF FIXED CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM?
2|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
ANS: MONTHLY INSPECTIONS:
1. all stop valves are in the closed position;
2. all releasing controls are in the proper position and readily accessible for immediate use;
3. all discharge piping and pneumatic tubing is intact and has not been damaged.
4. all high-pressure cylinders are in place and properly secured; and
5. the alarm devices are in place and do not appear damaged.
ANNUAL INSPECTIONS:
1. the boundaries of the protected space should be visually inspected to confirm that no modifications have been
made to the enclosure that have created unclose able openings that would render the system ineffective;
2. all storage containers should be visually inspected for any signs of damage, rust or loose mounting hardware.
Cylinders that are leaking, corroded, dented or bulging should be hydrostatically retested or replaced;
3. system piping should be visually inspected to check for damage, loose supports and corrosion. Nozzles should
be inspected to ensure they have not been obstructed by the storage of spare parts or a new installation of
structure or machinery;
4. the manifold should be inspected to verify that all flexible discharge hoses and fittings are properly tightened;
5 YEARS MAINTENCE:
1. The servo cylinder and any remote-controlled stop valves to be tested by opening one pilot cylinder.
2. Press. Test carried out at 250 bar.
3. Spring loaded safety valve s to be tested.
4. Check hp alarms which operates at high pressure.
10 YEARS MAINTENCE:
1. Bottles to be internally inspected.
2. Syphon tube or dip tube to be inspected.
3. If the ship is 20 years old the pressure test to be carried out at 5 years old.
15 YEARS AND 5 YEARS THEREAFTER: 1. Pressure test all HP pipes, stop valve stop E/R, pump room, purifier room,
etc. At 190 bar, Pressure pipes at 80 bar, low pressure pipes at 7 bar
2. After the hyd. Pressure testing lines to be blown through by dry air.
Q. SCBA REQUIREMENTS?
ANS: There are certain rules and regulations to be followed while carrying fireman’s outfit on ships.
THE FIRE FIGHTER OUTFIT IS MANDATORY ON EVERY SHIP. THE OUTFIT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING THINGS: -
1. Breathing apparatus
2. Water resisting clothing
3. Safety shoes
4. Hand Gloves
5. Rigid Helmet
6. Electric intrinsically safe hand lamp that lasts for about three hours duration
7. Fire Axe
8. A strong fire proof line
9. A belt for carrying Auxiliary equipment
AS PER SOLAS, According to Chapter II-2, regulation 10.10.2, the minimum number of fire fighter outfit required
on board are as follows: -
1)All the ships must have at least 2 fire fighter’s outfits
2)Additional fire-fighter’s outfit will be needed for passenger vessels depending on the design of the ship; i.e.
length of passenger spaces, number of decks, vertical zones and number of passengers etc.
3) For tanker ships, additional two numbers of fire fighter’s outfit should be kept onboard
The fire fighter outfit is stored in the fire control room and in places that are easily accessible during
emergencies.
REQUIREMENT FOR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) USED IN FIRE FIGHTER OUTFIT
1)The capacity of air bottle should be at least 1200 litters.
2)It should be capable of working 30 minutes & provided with one face mask. Shall be fitted with an audible and a
visual or other device which will alert the user before the volume of air in the cylinder has been reduced to not
less than 200 L.

3|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
3)Fire proof line with the snap hook of at least 30 meters should be there and must have enough length to reach
any part of the space to be entered. The line should have a breaking strength of 3.5 KN.
4)Adjustable safety belt or harness made of fabric.
5)It must have a b- pass valve.
6)It should have a pressure gauge with an anti-bursting orifice in a high-pressure air supply system.
7)Maximum weight should not increase above 19 kg including lifeline, safety belt, and harness.
8)Spare cylinders should be available of full 2400 litres of free air.
9)For ships carryings 5 sets or more, the total spare capacity of free air is 9600 litres or if charging facility is
available, free air is 4800 litres.
10)It must give an audible warning when 20 % of air is left in the bottle.
11)Operating instructions should be present near the apparatus.
12) Marking of maker & year of manufacturer.
13)Maximum pressure should about 180-200 bars.
14) SCBA cylinders should be hydraulic pressure tested at intervals not exceeding 5 years and hydrostatic test
date must be permanently marked on the bottles.
Don a fireman's outfit and SCBA in less than 6 minutes.
Q. ELSA?
ANS: Emergency life support apparatus
Q.HOW TO CHECK LEAK FOR BA SET?
ANS: MASK TEST: Close the air bottle supply v/v and demand v/v. Then put on mask and inhale. If the face shield
compressed to face, no air coming then there is no leak. If you can inhale normally then the mask has leak.
DEMAND V/V TEST: Open the bottle supply v/v keeping the demand v/v closed, if you can inhale then the
demand v/v is leaking
SUPPLY V/V TEST: Close the supply v/v and demand v/v, check pressure gauge if it shows any reading then supply
v/v is leaking
TUBE TEST: Close demand v/v and open the supply v/v. The pressure will show in the gauge. Take the reading,
now close supply v/v. Wait few minutes then re check the gauge reading, any sign of pressure drop indicates the
air tube has leak.
Q. SAFETY CHECK OF SCBA SET?
ANS:1. Face mask
2. Demand v/v
3. Pressure gauge
4. Speech transmitter
5. Alarm
6. Steel back plate
7. Working pressure duration 30 mins, capacity 1200-1800 litres, @ 140-210 bar.
Q. PRE-OPERATIONAL CHECKS OF BREATHING APPARATUS?
ANS: 1. Ensure bypass v/v is fully closed.
2. Open cylinder valve to check if cylinders are fully charged, whistle will be heard as the pressure rises.
3. Close cylinder valve. Provided it does not fall to zero in less than 30 sec then the set is leak tight.
4. Demist mask visor with anti-dim solution.
5. Don apparatus put on mask and open cylinder valves.
6. Inhale deeply twice or thrice to ensure that air is flowing freely from the demand v/v and the exhalation valve
is functioning correctly.
7. Close cylinder v/v and inhale until air in the mask is exhausted. Now inhale deeply, the mask must collapse on
the face indicating an airtight fitness of both mask exhalation v/v.
8. Reopen cylinder v/v.
Q. EEBD?
ANS: As with most other breathing apparatus onboard, the EEBD has an audible alarm that indicates the
depletion of available air at around 10 minutes of usage time, giving the wearer time to evacuate his hazardous
surroundings. It is important to note that the EEBD is NOT a firefighting equipment and is in place ONLY to assist
the individual in vacating his immediate surroundings. It should never be, under any circumstances, be used to
fight fire or evacuate casualties.

4|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF EEBD
EEBD INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:
Cylinder: This is a compressed air cylinder that with a capacity of about 600 litres lasting at least 15 minutes of
breathing time. The cylinder is charged with breathing air compressor and suitable adapter will be used to charge
it or it may be charged by an external authority in port
Hood & face piece: This is the part that supplies oxygen to the wearer from the cylinder and covers his head and
face when evacuating
Clear window: A clear window is provided in the face piece and is made up of flame-resistant material for clear
sighting and smooth escaping. Also referred to as the visor, this is in place to ensure maximum practicable
visibility
Pressure Indicator: This is in place to know the remaining pressure and to know when to recharge the air in it.
SOLAS REQUIREMENT:
1. On cargo ship in accommodation min 2 & 1 spare.
2. In ECR 1
3. Near workshop 1
4. At each deck or platform 1
5. It must be situated ready for use and easily visible.
6. It must be located in easily visible area of machinery spaces, mostly in engine control room,
workshop and near escape routes
7. Brief instruction for operation and usage is given with diagrams or pictures.
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS:
1. The EEBD shall have service duration of at least 10 min & alarm at 10% air remaining.
2. An inactivated EEBD shall be capable of being carried hands-free.
3. Brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating their use shall be clearly printed on the EEBD.
The donning procedures shall be quick and easy to allow for situations where there is little time to seek safety from
a hazardous atmosphere.
MAINTENANCE:
1. Check the indicator needle is in the green zone thus ensuring that no leak has taken place. This should be done
monthly. If the pressure is less than 20 MPa, the cylinder shall be refilled.
2. Keep the device case clean. This is also to be done monthly
3. Check and record expiry dates. An EEBD is typically valid for about 15 years
4. Do not open an EEBD in a designated area. Use the training piece for the purposes of training
The EEBD should be stored with suitable protection devices and in easily accessible areas. The maintenance of
EEBD is done by shore people or manufacturers only as it has got a shelf life.
Q. IF FIRE WHAT YOU WILL DO?
ANS: As soon as a fire is detected, several actions should be taken to ensure the safety of the vessel and
the personnel.
1. General alarm should be sounded. Shout FIRE FIRE FIRE
2. Bridge team should be informed
3. Fire party should muster
4. The fire should be isolated, by closing ventilation system, skylights, doors, boundary cooling, etc
5. Before entering the fire space, crew should wear the appropriate PPE and use the proper fire
extinguishing system, regarding the type of fire
6. Interested parties should be notified
Q. SPRINKLER SYSTEM?
ANS: PRINCIPLE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SYSTEM:( AS PER SOLAS)
1. Automatic in operation
2. Capable of both detecting the fire and acting to control or suppress the fire with a water based extinguishing
medium.
3. Capable of continuously supplying the water based extinguishing medium for a minimum of 30 mins.
4. Provided with both main and emergency sources of power.
5. Fitted with a permanent sea inlet and be capable of continuous operating using sea water
5|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
6. Should be grouped into separate section. Any section should not serve more than two decks of one main
vertical zone.
7. Each section of sprinklers should be capable of being isolated by one stop valve only.
8. Sprinkler piping should not be used for any other purpose
9. A means of testing the automatic operation of the system for assuring the required pressure and flow should
be provided
10. Each sprinkler section should be provided with a means for giving a visual and audible alarm at a continuously
manned central control station within one minute of flow from one or more sprinklers, a check valve, pressure
gauge, and a test connection with a means of draining.
11. A sprinkler control plan should be displayed at each centrally manned control station.
12. The sprinkler shall come into operation within the temperature range from 680 C to 790 C.
13. The sprinkler pump should have a capacity to cover the area of minimum 280 m2.
14. This system consists of a pressure water tank with water pipes leading to various places in the compartments.
These water pipes consist of sprinkler head which comes in operation when there is an outbreak of fire.
15.The pressurized water tank is half filled with fresh water through fresh water supply connection. Compressed
air is delivered from the electrically operated compressor or from the air bottle which raises the pressure to
predetermined level.
16. The pressure in the tank is such that it would be able to deliver pressure at highest sprinkler head in the
system and is not less than 4.8 bars.
17. The sprinkler heads are grouped into different sections with not more than 200 sprinkler head in each
section. Moreover, each section has its own alarm system which gives alarm on operation.
18. The sprinkler head consists of a quartzoid bulb which bursts when the temperature increases beyond the limit
and the water starts flowing from the sprinkler head. These quartzoid bulbs are colour coded in red, yellow and
green. The rating of red bulb is 680 C, yellow is 800C and green is 930 C.
19.Each sprinkler head covers a deck area of 16 m2 and the flow of water in each one of them should be at least5
litres/minute as per the regulation of SOLAS.
Q. WHAT IS THE SOLAS REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP ON SHIPS?
ANS: REQUIREMENT FOR EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP ON BOARD AS PER SOLAS:
1. Capacity not less than 40 % of total required capacity of the fire pumps but in any case, not less than 25 m3 / hr.
2. Capable of delivering 2 jets of water with minimum pressure (at a 3rd hydrant – not a SOLAS requirement) not
less than 2.1 bar.
3. Diesel power source of pump started in cold condition of 0° C by hand or by power at least 6 times within a
period of 30 minutes and at least twice within 1st 10 minutes.
4. Tank to have sufficient fuel for at least 3 hours and reserve fuel outside main machinery space to allow the pump
to run for additional 15 hours.(Total suction head and the net positive suction head of the pump to be such that
they will provide for the required capacity and pressure under all conditions of list, trim, roll and pitch likely to be
encountered in service)
5. No direct access between engine room and emergency fire pump. If access provided, through and airlock.
6. Isolation valves in tankers to be fitted on the fire main on poop and tank deck at intervals not more than 40
meters to pressure integrity of fire main system. (Diameter of fire main: sufficient for maximum discharge from 2
pumps operating simultaneously except for cargo ships the diameter need be sufficient for a discharge of 140 m3 /
hour.
Q. WHAT IS REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PUMP ON SHIP AS PER SOLAS?
ANS: AS PER SOLAS REG. II-2/4.2)
Ships shall be provided with independently driven fire pumps as follows:
1. Passenger ships of 4,000 gross tonnage and upwards at least three.
2. Passenger ships of less than 4,000 gross tonnage and cargo ships of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards at least
two
3. Cargo ships of less than 1,000 gross tonnage to the satisfaction of the Administration.
4. Cargo ships of less than 1000 gross tonnage but above 500 gross tonnage are to be provided with not less than
two power fire pumps, one of which is to be an independently driven pump.

6|Page
 FPFF & AFF
S M TOMIZ UDDIN :1055 MFA 25TH, A1MC20180601-A (24) ALAM015268
The phrase “independently power driven” should be understood to require that the driving power for each pump
is not supplied from the vessel’s propulsion unit and also that the driving mechanism for each pump is independent
of the other pump(s) driving mechanisms
CAPACITY OF FIRE PUMPS
The required fire pumps shall be capable of delivering for fire-fighting purposes a quantity of water, at the pressure
specified.
1. Pumps in passenger ships, not less than two thirds of the quantity required to be dealt with by the bilge pumps
when employed for bilge pumping; and
2. pumps in cargo ships, other than any emergency pump, not less than four-thirds of the quantity required under
Regulation II-1/21 to be dealt with by each of the independent bilge pumps in a passenger ship of the same
dimension when employed in bilge pumping, provided that in no cargo ship need the total required capacity of the
fire pumps exceed 180 m3/hour.
3. The capacity of the pump shall not be less than40% of the total capacity of the fire pumps required and, in any
case, not less than 25 m3/hour.
NOTE:
1. Each of the required fire pumps (other than any emergency pump required for cargo ships) shall have a capacity
not less than 80% of the total required capacity divided by the minimum number of required fire pumps but in any
case, not less than 25 m3/hour and
2. each such pump shall in any event be capable of delivering at least the two required jets of water.
3. These fire pumps shall be capable of supplying the fire main system under the required conditions.
4. Where more pumps than the minimum of required pumps are installed the capacity of such additional pumps
shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.
5. Sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided that they are not
normally used for pumping oil and that if they are subject to occasional duty for the transfer or pumping of oil fuel,
suitable change-over arrangements are fitted.
Points to pounder for fire pump:
1. In passenger ships of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards, in the event of a fire in any one compartment all the fire
pumps will not be put out of action.
2. In cargo ships of 1,000* gross tonnage and upwards if a fire in any one compartment could put all the pumps
out of action there shall be an alternative means consisting of a fixed independently driven emergency pump which
shall be capable of supplying two jets of water to the satisfaction of the Administration.
Any diesel driven power source for the pump shall be capable of being readily started in its cold condition down to
a temperature of 0°C by hand (manual)cranking. If this is impracticable, or if lower temperatures are likely to be
encountered, consideration is to be given to the provision and maintenance of heating arrangements, acceptable
to the Administration.
These means shall be such as to enable the diesel driven power source to be started at least 6 times within a period
of 30 minutes, and at least twice within the first 10 minutes.
Any service fuel tank shall contain sufficient fuel to enable the pump to run on full load for at least three hours and
sufficient reserves of fuel shall be available outside the main machinery space to enable the pump to be run on full
load for an additional 15 hours.
Fire main pressure:
With the two pumps simultaneously delivering through nozzles, the quantity of water, through any adjacent
hydrants, the following minimum pressures are to be maintained at all hydrants:
1. vessels of 6,000 gross tonnage and upwards: 0.27 N/mm2 (40 psi)
2. vessels of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards, but under 6,000 gross tonnage: 0.25 N/mm2 (37 psi)

7|Page