MAD Question Bank

2nd Unit

Vedant Jagadale
 CHAPTER FOUR

1) Explain Image Button with its attributes.

An ImageButton is a subclass of View that displays a clickable button with an image
instead of text.
It combines the functionality of a Button and an ImageView, allowing developers to
use custom images as buttons.
Key attributes of ImageButton:
i. android:src: Specifies the image resource to display on the button
ii. android:background: Sets the background of the ImageButton
iii. android:onClick: Method to call when button is clicked
iv. android:enabled: Whether the button is enabled or disabled
v. android:tint: Applies a tint to the image
vi. android:contentDescription: Provides accessibility content description for the
image

<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:contentDescription="App logo button"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:background="@android:color/transparent"/>

2) Write a program to create a toggle button to display ON/OFF Bluetooth on the display
screen

XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:gravity="center">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/text"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
 android:textSize="20sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
/>
<ToggleButton
android:id="@+id/toggleBluetooth"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textOn="Bluetooth ON"
android:textOff="Bluetooth OFF"
/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text=" "
android:id="@+id/status"
android:layout_below="@id/text"
android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
android:layout_marginStart="100dp"
android:textColor="@color/red"/>
</RelativeLayout>

(don’t add any colour in xml if you then u will have to add one more colour file eg:)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<color name="black">#FF000000</color>
<color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color>
<color name="red">#DE0A0A </color>
</resources>

JAVA:

package com.example.toggelbutton;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.ToggleButton;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 ToggleButton button = findViewById(R.id.toggleBluetooth); // Updated ID
TextView status = findViewById(R.id.status);

button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (button.isChecked()) {
status.setText("Bluetooth is On");
} else {
status.setText("Bluetooth is Off");
}
}
});
}
}

3) How to add image to resource file?

Method 1: Using Android Studio's Resource Manager:

1. Right-click on the res directory in your project

2. Select New > Android Resource Directory
3. Choose resource type as drawable and click OK (if it doesn't already exist)
4. Right-click on the drawable folder
5. Select New > Image Asset (for app icons) or New > Vector Asset (for vector graphics)
6. Follow the wizard to create your image resource

Method 2: Copy-Paste method:

1. Create the drawable folders if they don't exist (drawable-hdpi, drawable-mdpi,

drawable-xhdpi, etc.)
2. Copy your image files (PNG, JPG, GIF, WebP)
3. Paste them into the appropriate drawable folder

Method 3: Drag and Drop:

1. Simply drag image files from your file explorer

2. Drop them into the appropriate drawable folder in Android Studio

4) Different methods of Radio Button

1. setChecked(boolean checked) – Checks or unchecks the RadioButton.

2. isChecked() – Returns true if the RadioButton is selected.
3. getText() – Gets the text label of the RadioButton.
4. setEnabled(boolean enabled) – Enables or disables the RadioButton.
5. setOnClickListener(View.OnClickListener listener) – Handles click actions.
6. getId() – Returns the unique ID of the RadioButton.
7. setText(CharSequence text) – Sets new text for the RadioButton.
8. toggle() – Changes the checked state (from checked to unchecked or vice versa).
9. setVisibility(int visibility) – Shows, hides, or removes the RadioButton.
10. setTextColor(int color) – Changes the text color of the RadioButton.

5) Write a program to show radio buttons with and without radio group.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="16dp">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Single Radio Buttons"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioButton1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Radio Button 1" />
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioButton2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Radio Button 2" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Radio button inside RadioGroup"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:paddingTop="16dp" />
<RadioGroup
android:id="@+id/radioGroup"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/maleRadioButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Male" />
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/femaleRadioButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Female" />
</RadioGroup>
<Button
android:id="@+id/showSelectedButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="SHOW SELECTED"
android:layout_marginTop="16dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

JAVA:
package com.example.radiobuttonexample;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
RadioButton radioButton1, radioButton2, maleRadioButton, femaleRadioButton;
RadioGroup radioGroup;
Button showSelectedButton;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Individual Radio Buttons (Without RadioGroup)
radioButton1 = findViewById(R.id.radioButton1);
radioButton2 = findViewById(R.id.radioButton2);
// Radio Buttons inside a RadioGroup
radioGroup = findViewById(R.id.radioGroup);
maleRadioButton = findViewById(R.id.maleRadioButton);
femaleRadioButton = findViewById(R.id.femaleRadioButton);
// Button to Show Selected Option
showSelectedButton = findViewById(R.id.showSelectedButton);
showSelectedButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String selectedText = "";
// Check standalone radio buttons
if (radioButton1.isChecked()) {
selectedText = "Selected: Radio Button 1";
 } else if (radioButton2.isChecked()) {
selectedText = "Selected: Radio Button 2";
}
// Check RadioGroup selection
int selectedId = radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId();
if (selectedId == R.id.maleRadioButton) {
selectedText = "Selected: Male";
} else if (selectedId == R.id.femaleRadioButton) {
selectedText = "Selected: Female";
}
// Show Toast Message
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, selectedText, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}

6) Write a program to display circular Progress Bar.

XML file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="20dp">
<!-- Circular Progress Bar -->
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/circularProgressBar"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
style="@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Large"
android:indeterminate="true"/>
</LinearLayout>

JAVA file:
package com.example.circularprogressbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}

7) List all attributes of the image view.

1. Basic Attributes:
o android:src: Sets a drawable as the content of the ImageView
o android:contentDescription: Accessibility description of the image
o android:adjustViewBounds: Adjusts the ImageView bounds to preserve the
aspect ratio of the image
o android:baseline: The offset of the baseline within this view
o android:baselineAlignBottom: If true, the ImageView baseline will be the
bottom of the image
2. Scaling Attributes:
o android:scaleType: Defines how the image should be scaled
 matrix: Scale using the image matrix
 fitXY: Scale X and Y independently to fit exactly
 fitStart: Scale maintaining aspect ratio, aligned to top-left
 fitCenter: Scale maintaining aspect ratio, centered
 fitEnd: Scale maintaining aspect ratio, aligned to bottom-right
 center: Center without scaling
 centerCrop: Scale uniformly to fill, cropping if needed
 centerInside: Scale uniformly to fit inside, no cropping
o android:cropToPadding: If true, the image will be cropped to the padding
3. Tinting Attributes:
o android:tint: Tint color for the image
o android:tintMode: Blending mode for the tint
4. Background Attributes:
o android:background: Background drawable
o android:alpha: Alpha value for the image
5. Padding Attributes:
o android:padding: Padding for all edges
o android:paddingLeft, android:paddingRight, etc.
6. Layout Attributes:
o android:layout_width, android:layout_height
o android:layout_margin, etc.
8) Describe android:stretchMode attribute of Grid View in detail
The android:stretchMode attribute in GridView determines how columns should
stretch to fill the available space when there's extra space not occupied by columns.

This is particularly useful when the GridView's width doesn't perfectly match the
combined width of all columns.

This attribute is particularly important for making GridView layouts that look good
across different screen sizes.

Possible values for stretchMode:

1. none (default):
o Columns are not stretched
o Extra space appears at the end of the GridView
o This is useful when you want fixed-width columns
2. columnWidth:
o Each column is stretched equally to fill the available space
o All columns will have equal width after stretching
o This is the most commonly used option
3. spacingWidth:
o The spacing between columns is stretched instead of the columns themselves
o The columns maintain their original width
o Only the space between them increases

<GridView
android:id="@+id/gridView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:numColumns="3"
android:columnWidth="100dp"
android:stretchMode="columnWidth"
android:horizontalSpacing="10dp"
android:verticalSpacing="10dp"/>
9) List different types of Views? Explain Scroll View with example

Different Types of Views in Android:

1. Basic Views:
o TextView: Displays text
o EditText: Editable text input field
o Button: Standard clickable button
o ImageView: Displays images
o ImageButton: Button with an image
2. Layout Views (ViewGroups):
o LinearLayout: Arranges views in a single column or row
o RelativeLayout: Positions views in relation to each other
o ConstraintLayout: Flexible positioning with constraints
o FrameLayout: Simple frame for holding a single view
o TableLayout: Arranges views in rows and columns
3. List and Grid Views:
o ListView: Scrollable list of items
o GridView: 2D scrollable grid of items
o RecyclerView: Flexible and efficient list/grid
o ViewPager: Swipeable pages of views
4. Advanced Input Views:
o CheckBox: Two-state button (checked/unchecked)
o RadioButton: Mutually exclusive option button
o Switch: On/off toggle switch
o SeekBar: Slider for selecting values
o RatingBar: Star rating input
5. Date and Time Views:
o DatePicker: Select date
o TimePicker: Select time
o CalendarView: Calendar date selection
6. Specialty Views:
o WebView: Displays web content
o VideoView: Plays video content
o ScrollView: Enables scrolling for content
o HorizontalScrollView: Enables horizontal scrolling
o ProgressBar: Shows progress of operations
o SearchView: Search input field
o SurfaceView: Drawing surface for custom graphics

ScrollView Example:

ScrollView is a ViewGroup that allows vertical scrolling of content that exceeds the
screen height.
It can contain only one direct child (typically a layout that then contains other
views). For horizontal scrolling, use HorizontalScrollView.

<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fillViewport="true">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Scroll View Example"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:layout_margin="16dp"/>

<!-- Add many views to make content scrollable -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Item 1"
android:layout_margin="8dp"/>

<!-- Repeat many times to make content scrollable -->

<!-- ... more views ... -->

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Bottom Button"
android:layout_margin="16dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}

10) Develop an android application to calculate age using date and time picker.

XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="20dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/selectedDate"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Selected Date: "
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/selectDateButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Select Date"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/selectedTime"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Selected Time: "
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/selectTimeButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Select Time"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/ageResult"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Your Age: "
android:textSize="18sp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

JAVA file:

package com.example.progressbar;
import android.app.DatePickerDialog;
import android.app.TimePickerDialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import java.util.Calendar;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView selectedDate, selectedTime, ageResult;
Button selectDateButton, selectTimeButton;
int birthYear;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Initialize UI components
selectedDate = findViewById(R.id.selectedDate);
selectedTime = findViewById(R.id.selectedTime);
ageResult = findViewById(R.id.ageResult);
selectDateButton = findViewById(R.id.selectDateButton);
selectTimeButton = findViewById(R.id.selectTimeButton);
// Select Date
selectDateButton.setOnClickListener(v -> {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
DatePickerDialog datePickerDialog = new DatePickerDialog(
MainActivity.this,
(view, selectedYear, selectedMonth, selectedDay) ->
{
birthYear = selectedYear;
selectedDate.setText("Selected Date: " +
selectedDay + "/" + (selectedMonth + 1) + "/" + selectedYear);
calculateAge();
},
year, month, day);
datePickerDialog.show();
});
// Select Time
selectTimeButton.setOnClickListener(v -> {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
 TimePickerDialog timePickerDialog = new TimePickerDialog(
MainActivity.this,
(view, selectedHour, selectedMinute) ->
selectedTime.setText("Selected Time: " +
selectedHour + ":" + selectedMinute),
hour, minute, true);
timePickerDialog.show();
});
}
// Calculate Age
private void calculateAge() {
if (birthYear == 0) return;
int currentYear = Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR);
int age = currentYear - birthYear;
ageResult.setText("Your Age: " + age + " years");
}
}

11) Explain significance of displaying Alert.

1. User Notification
Alerts help in notifying users about important events (like errors, warnings,
confirmations).
2. User Decisions
Alerts often provide options like OK / Cancel, helping users to make decisions.
3. Prevent Mistakes
They act as a confirmation step before doing something critical (like deleting
data).
4. Improves UX (User Experience)
Alerts guide users and make the app feel more responsive and interactive.
5. Error Handling
Helps to inform users about problems (like no internet connection or invalid
input).
12) List different methods of Date Picker control view.

Important Methods of DatePicker:

1. getYear(): Returns the selected year
2. getMonth(): Returns the selected month (0-11)
3. getDayOfMonth(): Returns the selected day of month (1-31)
4. setOnDateChangedListener(DatePicker.OnDateChangedListener listener): Sets a
listener for date changes
5. updateDate(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth): Updates the current date
6. getCalendarView(): Gets the CalendarView if available (API 21+)
7. getCalendarViewShown(): Checks if CalendarView is shown
8. setCalendarViewShown(boolean shown): Shows or hides the CalendarView
Additional methods inherited from View:
 setEnabled(boolean enabled)
 setVisibility(int visibility)
 setBackground(Drawable background)

13) List different methods of progress bar control view.

Important Methods of ProgressBar:

1. setProgress(int progress): Sets the current progress
2. getProgress(): Gets the current progress
3. setMax(int max): Sets the maximum value
4. getMax(): Gets the maximum value
5. incrementProgressBy(int diff): Increments the progress by specified amount
6. setIndeterminate(boolean indeterminate): Sets whether the progress bar is
indeterminate
7. isIndeterminate(): Checks if progress bar is indeterminate
8. setProgressDrawable(Drawable d): Sets the drawable for the progress mode
9. setIndeterminateDrawable(Drawable d): Sets the drawable for the
indeterminate mode
10. setSecondaryProgress(int secondaryProgress): Sets the secondary progress
(for buffering etc.)
11. getSecondaryProgress(): Gets the secondary progress

Additional methods inherited from View:

 setVisibility(int visibility)
 setEnabled(boolean enabled)
 setBackground(Drawable background)
14) Write a program to display a text view using vertical scroll view

XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:fillViewport="true">

<LinearLayout

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:padding="16dp">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/textViewContent"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textSize="100sp"

android:text=”Add something random here to increase the length:

Suno bhai, zindagi ekdum jhakaas chal rahi thi, par yeh dil bola, "Tej chalaye kyu tune
apni gaadi?" 🌟 Danish bhai ka woh vibe abhi bhi fatafat dil ko chhoo jata hai. Bindaas
mood mein tha, socha thoda sa chill maarte hain, par dost bole, "Bhai, tension lene ka
nahi, dene ka!" 😎 Hawa tight ho gayi jab ek chutiya bande ne kaha, "Yeh toh apun hi
bhagwan hai wala scene hai!" Jugaad laga ke socha, "Chal, dimaag ka dahi mat kar,
thain thain karke sab set kar denge." 💪 Tota log bakbak kar rahe the, par maine bola,
"Bhai, tumse na ho payega, bhenchod, seedha all izz well bol ke nikal liya." Ab chul
mach rahi hai, saale log chillaye, "úsDanish bhai ka gaana bajao, "Tej chalaye kyu tune
apni gaadi," aur masti mein mast ho jao! 🎶🔥”

android:scrollbars="vertical" />

</LinearLayout>

</ScrollView>
JAVA file:

package com.example.scrollview;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;

import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;

import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

}
 CHAPTER FIVE

1) Define and explain the content provider with block diagram.

i. A ContentProvider is a component that interacts with the repository.

ii. It supplies the data from one application to other on request.
iii. Such request are handled by the ContentResolver class.
iv. It acts as an abstraction layer between the application and the underlying
database (which could be SQLite database, files, or even web services).
v. It implements the standard CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations.
vi. It follows standard URI based addressing scheme (content://author/path/id).

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Explain the block diagram too………………………………………………………………

2) Write the syntax for Intent filter tag.

An Intent Filter in Android is a component in the AndroidManifest.xml file that tells the
system what types of intents an app component (like an Activity, Service, or
BroadcastReceiver) can respond to.

Syntax:
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
 </intent-filter>

Explanation:
<intent-filter>: Declares what kind of intents the component can respond to.
<action>: Specifies the action (e.g., MAIN, VIEW, etc.)
<category>: Specifies additional info about the intent (e.g., LAUNCHER, DEFAULT, etc.)

3) Draw and explain activity life cycle.

Detailed Explanation of Each Callback:

1. onCreate():
o Called when activity is first created
o Mandatory to implement (sets content view with setContentView())
 o Initialize essential components
o Receives savedInstanceState Bundle if recreating after destruction
2. onStart():
o Activity becomes visible but not interactive
o Initialize UI components that don't need constant updates
o Followed by onResume() or onStop()
3. onResume():
o Activity is in foreground and interactive
o Start animations, sensors, or other foreground-only features
o Can be interrupted by incoming calls, etc. (will call onPause())
4. onPause():
o Activity is partially obscured (another semi-transparent activity)
o Release system resources, stop animations
o Must perform quick operations (next activity won't resume until this finishes)
5. onStop():
o Activity is no longer visible
o Release resources that aren't needed while hidden
o Activity may be destroyed after this or return with onRestart()
6. onDestroy():
o Final cleanup before activity is destroyed
o May occur because finish() was called or system is reclaiming memory
o Should release all remaining resources
7. onRestart():
o Called when activity is returning from stopped state
o Typically followed by onStart() and onResume()

4) Write an intent to display the phone dialer with the given number filled in

XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/a
ndroid"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:gravity="center">
<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/edit1"
android:hint="Enter the Phone Number"
android:inputType="phone"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/edit1"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:text="Dial"
android:id="@+id/btn"
/>
</RelativeLayout>

Java file:
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
EditText number;
Button dial;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
number=findViewById(R.id.edit1);
dial=findViewById(R.id.btn);
dial.setOnClickListener(new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"Clicked on Dial", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Uri
 uri=Uri.parse("tel:"+number.getText().toString());
Intent intent=new
Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL,uri);
try {
startActivity(intent);
}catch (SecurityException s){

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "An error

Occured", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
}

5) Explain database packages which are necessary in SQLite.

In Android, when working with SQLite, there are some key database-related packages
and classes that are necessary to create, manage, and interact with the SQLite
database.
Here’s a breakdown of the necessary packages and classes:
6) Describe types of permissions used while developing Android applications

In Android application development, permissions are used to protect user privacy and
control access to sensitive features or data on the device (like camera, contacts, internet,
etc.).
🔐 Types of Permissions in Android:

✅ 1. Normal Permissions
 These are permissions that pose very little risk to the user's privacy or security.
 Android automatically grants these permissions when the app is installed.
Examples:
 ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE – Check if a network is available.
 INTERNET – Access the internet.
 VIBRATE – Use the phone's vibration.
 SET_WALLPAPER – Change the device wallpaper.

✅ 2. Dangerous Permissions
 These involve access to the user's private data or control over the device.
 Android asks the user to approve these at runtime (from Android 6.0+).
Examples:
 READ_CONTACTS – Access the user’s contacts.
 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION – Access precise location.
 CAMERA – Use the device camera.
 RECORD_AUDIO – Access the microphone.
These permissions are grouped (e.g., CONTACTS, LOCATION, STORAGE) and if the user
grants one, all related ones are usually allowed.

✅ 3. Signature Permissions
 Granted only if the requesting app is signed with the same certificate as the app that
declared the permission.
 Used mainly by system apps or apps from the same developer.
Example:
 A permission defined by a custom service you created that only your own apps can
access.

✅ 4. Special Permissions (System-level permissions)

 These require manual approval by the user in system settings.
 Usually used for high-level access like drawing over other apps or modifying system
settings.
Examples:
 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW – Draw over other apps.
 WRITE_SETTINGS – Modify system settings.
 PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS – Access app usage history.
 📌 Declaring Permissions in AndroidManifest.xml

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

7) List the basic methods used in an Android AsyncTask and Services

AsyncTask Methods:
AsyncTask is an abstract class that enables proper and easy use of the UI thread by
performing background operations and publishing results on the UI thread.
Key Methods:
1. onPreExecute()
o Runs on UI thread before doInBackground()
o Used for setup (show progress dialog, etc.)
2. doInBackground(Params...)
o Performs computation on background thread
o Must override this method
o Can call publishProgress() to update UI
3. onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
o Runs on UI thread after publishProgress() is called
o Used to update progress indicators
4. onPostExecute(Result)
o Runs on UI thread after background computation finishes
o Receives result from doInBackground()
o Used to update UI with results
5. onCancelled()
o Called when task is cancelled
o Runs on UI thread

Service Methods:
Services are Android components for long-running operations without UI.
Key Service Methods:
1. onCreate()
o Called when service is first created
o Used for one-time setup
2. onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)
o Called for started services with each startService() call
o Contains the work to be done
o Must return one of:
 START_NOT_STICKY: Don't recreate if killed
 START_STICKY: Recreate but with null intent
 START_REDELIVER_INTENT: Recreate with last intent
3. onBind(Intent)
 o Called for bound services
o Returns IBinder interface for clients
o Must implement if service allows binding
4. onUnbind(Intent)
o Called when all clients unbind
o Return true if you want onRebind() later
5. onRebind(Intent)
o Called if new clients bind after onUnbind() returned true
6. onDestroy()
o Called when service is being destroyed
o Clean up resources here

8) Write a program to capture an image and display it using ImageView

📄 AndroidManifest.xml (only the permission and activity part)

Add this inside <manifest> and before <application>:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="true"/>

🖼️ activity_main.xml layout
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_width="250dp"
android:layout_height="250dp"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:background="#CCCCCC" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/captureButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Capture Image" />
</LinearLayout>

👨💻 MainActivity.java
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

ImageView imageView;
Button captureButton;
static final int CAMERA_REQUEST = 100;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);

captureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.captureButton);

captureButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
startActivityForResult(intent, CAMERA_REQUEST);
}
});
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == CAMERA_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Bitmap photo = (Bitmap) data.getExtras().get("data");
imageView.setImageBitmap(photo);
}
}
}
9) WAP to show the list of the sensors supported by the mobile phone.

XML file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ListView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/list1"/>
</RelativeLayout>

JAVA file:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
SensorManager smm;
List<Sensor> sensor;
ListView l1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
smm=(SensorManager) getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
l1=findViewById(R.id.list1);
sensor=smm.getSensorList(Sensor.TYPE_ALL);
l1.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<Sensor>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,sensor));
}
10) AsyncTask with Limitations

📌 What is AsyncTask?
AsyncTask is a class in Android used to perform background tasks (like downloading,
database operations, etc.) without blocking the main UI thread.
It has 3 main parts:
1. doInBackground() → runs in the background (slow work)
2. onPreExecute() → runs before the task starts
3. onPostExecute() → runs after the task completes (usually to update UI)

❌ Limitations of AsyncTask (Very Important for Exams)

🔄 Not good for long-running tasks

It is designed for short background tasks. If task is too long, it can cause memory issues
or crash.

⏱️ One-time use only

You can't reuse the same AsyncTask object. You have to create a new one each time.

❌ Not lifecycle-aware
If the user rotates the screen or activity is destroyed, AsyncTask continues in the
background and may crash your app when it tries to update the UI.

⏱️ Memory leaks
If not handled properly, it may keep a reference to the activity, causing memory leaks.

🚫 Deprecated in Android 11
Google recommends using ViewModel + LiveData or Kotlin Coroutines now, because
AsyncTask is outdated.

💅✍ No Error Handling
Must manually catch the exceptions.
11) Service Lifecycle with Diagram

There are two types of Services in Android:

1. Started Service
2. Bound Service

🔹 1. Started Service (Left side of the diagram)

This service is started using startService(). It runs in the background even if the activity that
started it is closed.
🔄 Lifecycle Steps:

1. Call to startService()
➤ This is the first step. The service is requested to start by some component like an
Activity.
➤ The system then creates the service if it is not already running.
2. onCreate()
➤ This method is called only once when the service is created for the first time.
➤ It is used to initialize things like setting up resources or variables.
3. onStartCommand()
➤ Called every time startService() is called.
➤ This is where you write the actual background task like downloading a file, playing
music, etc.
➤ The service now enters the "active running state".
4. Service Running
➤ The service will keep running in the background, doing its job.
➤ It does not stop on its own unless you stop it manually using stopSelf() (inside the
service) or stopService() (from outside like activity).
5. onDestroy()
➤ When the service is stopped, this method is called.
➤ It is used to clean up memory, stop threads, or close resources.
6. Service Shut Down
➤ Now the service is completely destroyed and removed from memory.
➤ This is the end of the lifecycle for a started service.

🔹 2. Bound Service (Right side of the diagram)

This service is bound using bindService(). It allows a component (like an Activity) to connect to
the service and interact with it directly.

🔄 Lifecycle Steps:

1. Call to bindService()
➤ The client (like an Activity) requests to bind/connect to the service.
➤ This is used when you want the service to return data or allow communication (e.g.,
get sensor data).
2. onCreate()
➤ Called once when the service is created.
➤ Used to initialize things before binding starts.
3. onBind()
➤ This is called after onCreate().
 ➤ Returns an IBinder object to allow communication between the service and the
client.
➤ This allows your activity to call methods inside the service.
4. Clients are Bound to Service
➤ The service is now active and can be used by the client to perform operations.
➤ It stays active only while the client is connected.
5. onUnbind()
➤ This is called when the client disconnects from the service using unbindService().
➤ It is a signal that the client no longer needs the service.
6. onDestroy()
➤ Called when there are no more clients, and the service is ready to shut down.
➤ Used to clean up everything before shutting down the service.
7. Service Shut Down
➤ The service is now completely stopped and removed from memory.

12) Fragment lifecycle

Fragment Lifecycle in Android

A Fragment is a modular section of an activity, which has its own layout and lifecycle. It
can be reused in different activities and supports a more flexible and dynamic UI design.
Fragments go through a specific lifecycle, just like activities, and the image you provided
illustrates these stages in order.
1. Fragment is Added
 When a fragment is added to an activity (using a FragmentTransaction), it begins its
lifecycle.
 From this point, the system calls a series of lifecycle methods.

2. onAttach()
 This method is called first.
 It means the fragment is now attached to its host activity.
 You can get the context of the activity here.
 Useful for performing tasks that need to access the activity.

3. onCreate()
 This method is called to initialize fragment logic, such as variables or retained data.
 This is where you perform non-UI initializations.
 It is similar to the onCreate() method in activities.

4. onCreateView()
 This method is responsible for creating and returning the view hierarchy (UI) of the
fragment.
 Here, you inflate the fragment layout XML file using a layout inflater.

5. onActivityCreated()
 This is called after the activity's onCreate() method has completed.
 It indicates that the activity and fragment UI are fully created.
 You can now interact with the activity’s views.

6. onStart()
 This method is called when the fragment becomes visible to the user.
 At this stage, the fragment is not yet active or interacting with the user.

7. onResume()
 This is called when the fragment becomes fully active and ready for user interaction.
 This is the point where the fragment is visible and interactive.
 At this stage, the fragment is considered active.

8. Fragment is Active
 The fragment remains in this state while the user interacts with it or until it is paused
or removed.

9. onPause()
 This method is called when the fragment is no longer in the foreground but is still
visible.
 This typically occurs when another fragment or activity comes in front of it.
 You can pause animations or ongoing tasks here.

10. onStop()
  Called when the fragment is completely hidden.
 The fragment is no longer visible to the user.

11. onDestroyView()
 Called when the view hierarchy of the fragment is removed.
 This is where you clean up resources related to the view.

12. onDestroy()
 Called when the fragment is about to be completely destroyed from memory.
 You can use this to clean up any remaining non-UI data or resources.

13. onDetach()
 The final method called in the lifecycle.
 This indicates the fragment is no longer associated with the activity.
 It has been fully removed.

Fragment is Destroyed
 After onDetach(), the fragment object is destroyed and is no longer in memory.

13) How to define Bluetooth permission to access a Bluetooth devices.

To access Bluetooth devices in an Android app, you must define the necessary Bluetooth
permissions in the AndroidManifest.xml file. These permissions allow your app to connect,
communicate, and scan Bluetooth devices.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

14) HelloWorld Activity with Lifecycle Methods.

XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!" />
</LinearLayout>

JAVA:
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toast.makeText(this, "onCreate Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
Toast.makeText(this, "onResume Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
Toast.makeText(this, "onPause Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
Toast.makeText(this, "onStop Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onRestart() {
super.onRestart();
Toast.makeText(this, "onRestart Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
 @Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Toast.makeText(this, "onDestroy Invoked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

15) Bluetooth Program.

XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
android:gravity="center">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="BLUETOOTH"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btnOn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Turn On"/>
 <Button
android:id="@+id/btnVisible"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Get Visible"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btnList"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="List Devices"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btnOff"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Turn Off"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

JAVA:
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
Button btnOn, btnVisible, btnList, btnOff;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

btnOn = findViewById(R.id.btnOn);
btnVisible = findViewById(R.id.btnVisible);
 btnList = findViewById(R.id.btnList);
btnOff = findViewById(R.id.btnOff);

bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

btnOn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent turnOn = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivity(turnOn);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth Turned On",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth Already On",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

btnVisible.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent getVisible = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivity(getVisible);
}
});

btnList.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
for (BluetoothDevice device : devices) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), device.getName(),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

btnOff.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
bluetoothAdapter.disable();
 Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Bluetooth Turned Off",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}

Add Bluetooth Permission in AndroidManifest.xml

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"/>
 CHAPTER SIX

1) WAP to send the message.

XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/number"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Phone Number" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/message"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Message" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/sendBtn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send SMS"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>

JAVA:
package com.example.smsapp;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.widget.*;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

EditText number, message;

Button sendBtn;
 @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

number = findViewById(R.id.number);
message = findViewById(R.id.message);
sendBtn = findViewById(R.id.sendBtn);

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, 1);

sendBtn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
String num = number.getText().toString();
String msg = message.getText().toString();
SmsManager.getDefault().sendTextMessage(num, null, msg, null, null);
Toast.makeText(this, "SMS Sent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
});
}
}

M@nifest file:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.smsapp">

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.SMSApp">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

2) List different methods which we can use with Location object to get location.

The Android Location object provides several methods to retrieve location-specific

information:
 1. getLatitude(): Returns the latitude of the location in degrees
2. getLongitude(): Returns the longitude of the location in degrees
3. getAltitude(): Returns the altitude of the location in meters above the WGS 84
reference ellipsoid
4. getAccuracy(): Returns the estimated horizontal accuracy of the location in meters
5. getTime(): Returns the UTC time of this fix, in milliseconds since January 1, 1970
6. getElapsedRealtimeNanos(): Returns the time of this fix in nanoseconds since system
boot
7. getSpeed(): Returns the speed of the device over ground in meters/second
8. getBearing(): Returns the direction of travel in degrees East of true North
9. distanceTo(Location): Returns the approximate distance in meters between this
location and the given location
10. bearingTo(Location): Returns the approximate initial bearing in degrees East of true
North when traveling from this location to the given location
11. hasAccuracy(): Returns true if this location has a horizontal accuracy
12. hasAltitude(): Returns true if this location has an altitude
13. hasSpeed(): Returns true if this location has a speed
14. hasBearing(): Returns true if this location has a bearing
15. getProvider(): Returns the name of the provider that generated this location

These methods allow developers to access various aspects of location data for navigation,
mapping, and location-based services.

3) List different types of Google Maps

Google Maps API offers several types of maps that can be used in Android applications:

1. Normal Map (MAP_TYPE_NORMAL): Standard road map showing roads, some man-
made features, and important natural features
2. Satellite Map (MAP_TYPE_SATELLITE): Photographic map from satellite imagery
3. Hybrid Map (MAP_TYPE_HYBRID): Combines satellite imagery with a transparent layer
of major streets and place labels
4. Terrain Map (MAP_TYPE_TERRAIN): Shows terrain and vegetation information along
with roads and labels
5. None (MAP_TYPE_NONE): No map tiles are displayed, used when you want to display
custom map tiles

Each of these map types serves different purposes and can be set using the setMapType()
method of the GoogleMap object.

4) Explain different methods of Google Map

 addMarker(MarkerOptions options): Adds a marker to the map
 addPolyline(PolylineOptions options): Adds a line on the map
 addPolygon(PolygonOptions options): Adds a polygon on the map
 addCircle(CircleOptions options): Adds a circle on the map
  animateCamera(CameraUpdate update): Moves camera smoothly to new position
 moveCamera(CameraUpdate update): Repositions camera immediately
 setMapType(int type): Sets the type of map (normal, satellite, hybrid, terrain)
 setOnMarkerClickListener(OnMarkerClickListener listener): Sets click listener for
markers
 setMyLocationEnabled(boolean enabled): Enables/disables my-location layer

5) Explain important methods of Zoom Control.

Zoom control in Google Maps and other mapping applications involves several important
methods:
1. setZoomLevel(float zoom)
 Sets the map’s zoom level to a specific float value.
 Higher values result in a more zoomed-in view.

2. zoomIn()
 Increases the current zoom level by one unit.
 Offers a programmatic way to zoom in.

3. zoomOut()
 Decreases the current zoom level by one unit.
 Used to zoom out from the current map position.

4. getZoomLevel()
 Returns the current zoom level of the map as a float value.
 Useful for retrieving the map's zoom state.

5. setOnZoomInClickListener(View.OnClickListener listener)
 Attaches a click listener to the Zoom In button.
 Triggered when the user taps Zoom In.

6. setOnZoomOutClickListener(View.OnClickListener listener)
 Attaches a click listener to the Zoom Out button.
 Triggered when the user taps Zoom Out.

7. setZoomControlsEnabled(boolean enabled)
 Enables or disables the display of built-in zoom controls (UI buttons).
 Commonly used in GoogleMap object to control UI visibility.

8. setZoomGesturesEnabled(boolean enabled)
 Enables or disables pinch-to-zoom gestures.
 When disabled, users cannot zoom the map using finger gestures.
 9. getMinZoomLevel()
 Returns the minimum zoom level allowed for the map.
 Defines how far out the user can zoom.

10. getMaxZoomLevel()
 Returns the maximum zoom level allowed for the map.
 Defines how far in the user can zoom.

11. setMinZoomPreference(float zoom)

 Sets a custom minimum zoom level preference.
 Prevents the user from zooming out below a defined limit.

12. setMaxZoomPreference(float zoom)

 Sets a custom maximum zoom level preference.
 Restricts how much the user can zoom in.

13. moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomTo(float))
 Instantly sets the map's zoom to a specified level without animation.

14. moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomIn())
 Instantly zooms the map in by one zoom level.

15. moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomOut())
 Instantly zooms the map out by one zoom level.

16. animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomBy(float))
 Animates the map's zoom by a specified number of zoom levels.
 Positive values zoom in; negative values zoom out.

17. animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomTo(float))
 Smoothly animates to a specific zoom level.

6) Explain Android Security model.

The Android Security model is a multi-layered approach designed to protect users, their data,
and the system itself:

1. Application Sandbox:
o Each Android application runs in its own isolated environment (sandbox)
o Applications cannot access each other's data or code unless explicitly
permitted
o Based on Linux user ID isolation, with each app assigned a unique UID
2. Permission System:
o Controls access to sensitive device features and user data
 o Applications must request permissions to access protected functionality
o Runtime permissions (introduced in Android 6.0) require user approval at
runtime
o Permissions are categorized into normal, signature, and dangerous groups
3. Application Signing:
o All Android applications must be digitally signed with a developer's certificate
o Ensures application authenticity and establishes a trust relationship
o Enables update verification from the same developer
4. SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux):
o Mandatory Access Control system that further restricts application capabilities
o Limits damage potential of compromised applications
o Enforces system-wide security policies
5. Verified Boot:
o Ensures the operating system hasn't been tampered with
o Checks integrity of the entire system from bootloader to system image
6. Full-Disk Encryption and File-Based Encryption:
o Protects data at rest by encrypting device storage
o Ensures data cannot be accessed without proper authentication
7. Secure IPC (Inter-Process Communication):
o System services and applications communicate through well-defined
interfaces
o Intent-based communication between components follows security rules
8. Network Security:
o Network Security Configuration for controlling network traffic
o HTTPS by default for network connections
o Certificate pinning options to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks
9. Biometric Authentication:
o Fingerprint, facial recognition, and other biometric authentication methods
o Protected by secure hardware when available
10. Google Play Protect:
o Scans applications for security issues
o Monitors for potentially harmful applications
o Provides security updates through Google Play Services

The Android Security model is continuously evolving with each new Android version, adding
additional layers of protection while maintaining backward compatibility.
7) Discuss Developer Console with its purpose

The Google Play Developer Console (now called Google Play Console) is a web-based
platform that allows Android developers to publish and manage their applications on the
Google Play Store. Its key purposes and features include:

1. App Publishing and Management:

o Upload and publish new applications
o Manage app updates and versions
o Control app availability across countries and devices
o Set pricing and distribution options
2. App Quality and Performance Monitoring:
o Android Vitals dashboard shows key performance metrics
o Crash reports and ANR (Application Not Responding) data
o Performance insights and optimization recommendations
o Pre-launch reports to identify issues before release
3. User Feedback and Engagement:
o User ratings and reviews management
o Reply to user reviews directly
o Track user engagement metrics
o A/B testing for features and store listings
4. Release Management:
o Staged rollouts to gradually release updates
o Test track system (internal, closed, open testing)
o Release dashboard to monitor rollout progress
o Instant app configuration
5. Monetization:
o In-app purchase configuration
o Subscription management
o Price management across different countries
o Revenue and financial reports
6. Analytics and Statistics:
o Installation statistics
o User demographics and behavior data
o Conversion rates and acquisition channels
o Custom reports and dashboards
7. Policy Compliance:
o App content rating management
o Privacy policy declaration
o Data safety section configuration
o Compliance reports and policy status
8. Store Presence Optimization:
o Store listing management with A/B testing
o Store search optimization
o Localization for different markets
o Promotional content management
9. Developer Account Management:
 o Team member access control
o Developer verification
o Payment setup and management
o Developer policies and agreements

The Google Play Console serves as the central hub for an Android developer's relationship
with Google Play, providing the tools needed to successfully publish, monitor, and grow their
applications in the Android ecosystem.

8) Describe important task to become an android application publisher

To become an Android application publisher, you need to complete several important tasks:

1. Create a Google Developer Account:

o Visit the Google Play Developer Console website
o Sign up with a Google account
o Pay the one-time registration fee ($25 USD)
o Complete the account details and verify your identity
2. Prepare Your Application:
o Develop a compliant Android application
o Test thoroughly on various devices and Android versions
o Implement proper error handling and crash reporting
o Optimize performance and user experience
3. Create Required Assets:
o Design an app icon that meets Google Play requirements
o Prepare screenshots for different device types
o Create a feature graphic (1024x500 pixels)
o Produce a promotional video (optional but recommended)
4. Application Signing:
o Generate a signing key for your application
o Secure your key with a strong password
o Keep your keystore file safe (losing it prevents future updates)
o Consider using Google Play App Signing for added security
5. Prepare Store Listing:
o Write a compelling app title and short description
o Create a detailed full description explaining key features
o Select appropriate app categories
o Define content rating by completing the questionnaire
o Add relevant keywords for search optimization
6. Configure App Release:
o Set up countries/regions for distribution
o Configure pricing and monetization options
o Set up in-app products or subscriptions if applicable
o Decide between staged rollouts or full release
7. Privacy Policy and Compliance:
 o Create a comprehensive privacy policy
o Complete the Data Safety section
o Ensure COPPA compliance if targeting children
o Address accessibility requirements
o Comply with all Google Play policies
8. Implement Analytics and Monitoring:
o Set up Google Analytics or Firebase Analytics
o Implement crash reporting
o Configure user feedback mechanisms
o Set up performance monitoring
9. Submit for Review:
o Upload your signed APK or Android App Bundle
o Complete all required store listing information
o Pass all Google Play policy checks
o Wait for the review process to complete (typically 1-3 days)
10. Post-Launch Activities:
o Monitor user feedback and ratings
o Respond to user reviews
o Track performance metrics
o Plan regular updates and improvements
o Engage with your user community

Following these steps will help ensure a smooth process for becoming an Android application
publisher on Google Play. The process requires attention to detail, particularly regarding
Google's policies and guidelines, which are continually updated to maintain the quality and
security of the Play Store ecosystem.

9) Explain concept of geocoding and reverse geocoding

Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding are essential concepts in location-based services that
involve converting between human-readable addresses and geographic coordinates.

Geocoding is the process of converting a human-readable address (like "1600 Amphitheatre

Parkway, Mountain View, CA") into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude, such as
37.4224° N, 122.0841° W). This allows applications to:

 Place markers on maps at specific addresses

 Calculate distances between addresses
 Perform spatial queries based on text addresses
 Enable location-based search functionality

Reverse Geocoding is the opposite process - converting geographic coordinates (latitude and
longitude) into a human-readable address. This enables applications to:

 Show a readable location name instead of coordinates

  Identify the nearest street address to a user's current location
 Provide context about where a user is currently located
 Auto-fill address forms based on GPS location

10) Describe process of getting the API key

1. Go to the Google Cloud Platform Console (https://console.cloud.google.com/)

2. Create or select a project
3. Enable the "Maps SDK for Android" API (and other needed APIs)
4. Go to "Credentials" section
5. Click "Create Credentials" and select "API key"
6. Copy the generated API key
7. Restrict the API key (recommended):
o Set application restrictions (Android apps)
o Add your app's package name and SHA-1 certificate fingerprint
o Set API restrictions to only allow needed APIs
8. Add the API key to your Android app in the manifest file:
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
android:value="YOUR_API_KEY"/>