TG EAPCET 2025: Mathematics High Weightage

Chapters

Functions
1. A relation f from a set A into a set B is said to be a function or mapping from A into B if for
each x A there exists a unique y B such that (x, y) f. It is denoted by f : A → B.

2. If f : A → B is a function, then A is called domain, B is called codomain and f (A) = {f (x) : x

A} is called range of f.

3. If A, B are two finite sets, then the number of functions that can be defined from A in to B
is n (B)n(A).

4. A function f : A → B is said to be one one function or injection from A into B if different

elements in A have different f – images in B.

5. If f : A → B is one one and A, B are finite then n(A) n(B).

6. If A, B are two finite sets, then the number of one one functions that can be defined from A
into B is n(B)Pn(A) .

7. A function f A → B is said to be onto function or subjection from A onto B if f (A) = B. i.e.,

range = codomain.

8. A function f : A → B is onto if y B x A f (x) = y.

9. If A, B are two finite sets and f : A → B is onto then n (B) n (A)

10 If A, B are two finite sets and n (B) = 2, then the number of onto functions that can be
defined from A onto B is 2n(A)– 2.

11. A function f : A → B is said to be one one onto function or bijection from A onto B if f :
A→ B is both one one function and onto function.

12. If A, B are two finite sets and f : A → B is a bijection, then n(A) = n(B).

13. If A, B are two finite sets and n(A) = n(B), then the number of bijections that can be
defined from A onto B is n(A)!.

14. If f : A → B, g : B → C are two functions then the function go f : A → C defined (go f) (x)=
g[f(x)], x A is called composite function of f and g.
15. If f : A → B, g : B → C are two one one functions then go f : A → C is also one one.

Matrices & Determinants

1.​ If the complex numbers are arranged in the form of a rectangular array consisting of
the complex numbers in horizontal and vertical lines then that arrangement is called
a matrix. The horizontal lines of numbers in a matrix are called rows and the vertical
lines of numbers in a matrix are called columns. The numbers in a matrix are called
elements or entries.
2.​ If a matrix A has m rows and n columns then the matrix is said to be a type or order
or size m n (read as m by n).
3.​ An m n matrix A is usually written as

4.​ A matrix A is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows in A is equal to the
number of columns in A. An n n square matrix is called a square matrix of type n.
5.​ If A is a square matrix then the diagonal in A from the first element of the first row to
the last element of the last row is called the principal diagonal of A.
6.​ If A is a square matrix then the sum of elements in the principal digonal of A is called
trace of A. It is denoted by tra A.
7.​ A matrix A is said to be a rectangular matrix if the number of rows in A is not equal to
the number of columns in A. i.e., A is called a rectangular matrix if A is not a square
matrix.
8.​ A matrix A is said to be a zero matrix if every element of A is equal to zero. An m n
zero matrix is denoted by Omn or O.
9.​ A matrix A is said to be a row matrix if A contains only one row.
10.​A matrix A is said to be a column matrix if A contains only one column.
11.​A square matrix A = (aij)nn is said to be an upper triangular matrix if aij = 0 whenever
i > j.
12.​A square matrix A = (aij)nn is said to be an lower triangular matrix if aij = 0 whenever
i < j.
13.​A square matrix A is said to be a triangular matrix if A is either an upper triangular
matrix or a lower triangular matrix.
14.​A square matrix A is said to be a diagonal matrix if A is both an upper triangular
matrix and a lower triangular matrix. i.e., A square matrix in which every element is
equal to 0, except those of principal diagonal of the matrix is a diagonal matrix.
15.​A diagonal matrix A is said to be a scalar matrix if all elements in the principal
diagonal are equal.
 Product of Vectors

1.​ The cross product of two vectors a and b is a vector and is defined as | a |.| b | sin.nˆ,
where nˆ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing a and b such that a,
b,nˆ form a right handed system.
2.​ Let F be a force directed along a line. Let O be a point (origin). Let OP = r be the
position vector of any point P on the line of action of F . Then rxF gives the moment
of the force F about the point O.
3.​ a xb = O either a = O (or) b = O (or) a is parallel to b.
4.​ If a xb bxa but axb = -bxa (i.e., cross product is anti commutative)
5.​ If i, j, k is a orthonormal triad of unit vectors forming a right handed system then ixj =
-jxi; jxk = -kxj = i; kxi = -ixk = j and ixi = jxj = kxk = 0 .
6.​ Unit vector perpendicular to the both the vectors a and b is axb . | axb |
7.​ If a and b are the adjacent sides of a parallelogram then vector area of the
parallelogram is axb and area = | axb | sq.units.
8.​ If a and b are two adjacent sides of a triangle then area of the triangle is 1 | axb |
sq.units.
9.​ If a, b, c are the vertices of a triangle then the area of the triangle is 1 | bxc + cxa +
axb |sq.units.
10.​The points a, b, c are collinear if axb + bxc + cxa = 0 .

Complex Numbers

Complex Number : A number which is of the form x + iy, where x, y are real numbers and i =
is called a complex number. It also be written as (x, y). If z = x + iy, then x is called real part
of z, y is called imaginary part of z.

2. Argand plane : By taking real part along x-axis, imaginary part along y-axis, complex
numbers (x, y) can be plotted as points in xy plane, which is called Argand plane. x-axis is
called real axis, y-axis is called imaginary axis. The points on x-axis are purely real, points
on y-axis are purely imaginary, point of intersection of x and y axes is origin which
represents O.

3. Modulus of a complex number : If z = x + iy, then is called modulus of z and it

is denoted by |z|. If z is represented by P(x, y), then |z| = OP = .

4. Amplitude or argument of a complex number : If OP makes an angle with positive

direction of x-axis, then is called amplitude or argument of z, where z is represented by P(x,
y). It is denoted by arg z or amp z. The value of , which satisfies x = r cos , y = r sin where r
= |z| and lying in the interval (–, ) is called principal value of . If is the principal value of , then
2n + , nZ is called general value of .
5. Modulus amplitude form of a complex number : If z = x + iy, |z| = r, argz = , then cos = x/r,
sin = y/r and z = r(cos + isin), which is called modulus amplitude form of z. Also cos + isin =
ei (Euler’s theorem on power series). Ordered relations z1 > z2 or z1 < z2 are not defined in
the set of complex numbers.

6. Equality of complex numbers : If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2, then z1 = z2 x1 = x2 and y1

= y2.

7. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers. If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 =

x2 + iy2,
i) z1 + z2 = x1 + x2 + i(y1 + y2)
ii) z1 – z2 = x1 – x2 + i(y1 + y2)
iii)z1z2 = x1x2 – y1y2 + i(x1y2 + x2y1)
iv) z1 = x1x2 + y1y2 − i(x1y2 − x2y1 ) z2 x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y

Circle
1. The set of points in a plane which are at a constant distance ‘r’ ( 0) from a given point C is
called a circle. The fixed point C is called the centre and the constant distance r is called the
radius of the circle.

2. A circle is said to be a unit circle if its radius is 1 unit.

3. A circle is said to be a point circle if its radius is zero. A point circle contains only one
point, the centre of the circle.

4. The equation of the circle with centre C (a, b) and radius ‘r’ is (x - a)2 + (y – b)2 = r 2 .

5. The equation of a circle simplest form is of the form x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. The
equation of a circle with centre origin and radius ‘r’ is x2 + y2 = r2 .

6. If g 2 + f 2 – c 0 then the equation x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle with

centre (–g, –f) and radius .

7. The conditions that the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represent a circle
are (i) a = b; (ii) h = 0; (iii) g2 + f2 – ac 0.

8. If ax2 + ay2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle, then its centre = (–g/a, –f/a) and its
radius = g 2 + f 2 − ac / | a | .

9. We use the following notation in circles. S x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c S1 xx1 + yy1 + g(x +
x1) + f(y + y1) + c S(x1, y1) = S11 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c 1 1 1 1 S12 x1x2 + y1y2 + g(x1
+ x2) + f(y1 + y2) + c
10. Let S = 0 be a circle and P(x1, y1) be a point. Then i) P lies inside the circle S = 0 S11 <
0 ii) P lies on the circle S = 0 S11 = 0 iii) P lies outside the circle S = 0 S11> 0 11. The
power of a point P(x, y) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S

11. The power of a point P(x, y) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S11

12. Let S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius ‘r’. Let P be a point. Then CP2 - r 2 is
called power of P with respect to the circle S = 0.

13. Let S = 0 be a circle and P be a point. Then i) P lies inside the circle S = 0 S11 < 0 ii) P
lies in the circle S = 0 s11 = 0 iii) P lies outside the circle S = 0 S11 > 0

14. The equation of a circle having the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) as
diameter is (x – x1)(x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2) = 0.

15. Two circles are said to be concentric if their centres are the same.

16. The equation of a circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is of the
form x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + k = 0, where k is a constant.

Probability

1. An experiment which can be repeated any number of times under essentially

identical conditions and which is associated with a set of known results, is called a
random experiment or trial if the result of any single repetition of experiment is not
certain and is any one of the associated set.
2. The result of any single repetition of a random experiment is called an elementary
event or simple event.
3. Elementary events are said to be equally likely if no event has preference over
other events.
4. A combination of one or more elementary events in a trial is called an event.
5. The favourable cases to a particular event of an experiment are called successes
and the remaining cases are called failures with respect to that event.
6. If there are n exhaustive equally likely elementary events in a trial and m of them
are favourable to an event A, then m/n is called the probability of A. It is denoted by
P(A).
7. If a trial is conducted n times and m of them are favourable to an event A, then
m/n is called relative frequency of A and is denoted by R(A). If probability of A. Lt
R(A) exists, then the limit is called n→
8. The set of all possible outcomes (results) in a trial is called sample space for the
trial. It is
denoted by S. The elements of S are called sample points.
9. Let S be a sample space of a random experiment. Every subset of S is called an
event.
10. Let S be a sample space. The event Ø is called impossible event and the event
S is called certain event in S.
11. Two events A, B in a sample space S are said to be disjoint or mutually exclusive
if A B = Ø.
12. The events A1, A2,…,An in a sample space S are said to be mutually exclusive
or pairwise disjoint if every pair of the events A1, A2,…,An are disjoint.
13. Two events A, B in a sample space S are said to be exhaustive if A B = S.
14. The events A1, A2,…,An in a sample space S are said to be exhaustive if A1 A2
… An = S

Integration
1. If f(x) and g(x) are two functions such that f(x) = g(x) then f(x) is called
antiderivative of g(x) with respect to x.

2. If f(x) is an antiderivative of g(x) then f(x) + c is also an antiderivative of g(x) for all
c R.

3. If F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x) then F(x) + c, cR is called indefinite integral of f(x)

with respect to x. It is denoted by f(x) dx. The real number c is called constant of
integration.

4. The integral of a function need not exists. If a function f(x) has integral then f(x) is
called an integrable function.

5. The process of finding the integral of a function is known as Integration.

6. The integration is the reverse process of differentiation.

7. If n –1, then x ndx = x n+1 +c. n + 1

8. dx = x + c

9. 1 dx = 2 +c.

10. 1 dx = log | x | +c x

11. e xdx = e x + c

12. a > 0, a 1, then a xdx = a x c loga