Ventures Primary Family, Religion and Moral Education Learner’s Book a PA\college pressTopic 1: Unit Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Topic 2: Unit 5: Unit 6: Unit 7: Unit i FAMILY Concept of the family . Family relationships. Family dynamics.. Lineages and totems Family and religion Family life and mariag Family and community Family interaction... Caring for the needy... 21 Social and emotional learning . 26 Relationship management 26 Communication and social managemert.. 28 Building relationships... 30 Responsible decision making... 32 End of term one assessment test. 36 RELIGION... 42 Concept of religion 43 World religions. 43 Indigenous Religion 48 Key teachings.. 48 Rites and ritual: 50 Indigenous Religion and the environment 54 Christianity 58 Jesus Christ's life and ministry 58 Jesus Christ's death, burial and resurrectior 61 Key teachings... 66 Rites and rituals 67 Judaism 74 Key teachings 74 Rites and ritual: 76 Judaism and the environment 78 Judaism in Zimbabwe.. 79@ Unit Topic 3: Unit 10: Unit 11: Unit = 12: Unit = 13: Unit 14: Topic 4: Unit 15: Unit 16: Unit 17: Unit 18: Unit 19: oe Islam... 84 Key teachings 84 Rifes and rituals. 86 Islam and and the environment. 88 Islam in Zimbabwe... 90 End of term two assessment test 93 MORALS AND VALUES..... Concept of morals... Right and wrong... Rights and respons Right to belong to a religion Rights and responsibilities in faimes: International conventions .. Conflict and conflict management Conflict... National value systems Resilience... Religion on technology and enterprise Religious artefacts. 127 Technology and values 133 RELIGION AND HEALTH.. 137 Religion and abuse..... 138 Forms of sexual and substance abuse 138 Religion and gender. Gender equality .. Religion and sexuality Boy and girl relationship ... Religion, HIV/AIDS Effects of HIV/AIDS .. Solutions to HIV/AIDS... Attitude towards HIV/AIDS Awareness on HIV/AIDS. Healthy living. Health habits... Hygiene during adolescence. End of year assessment test ..Introduction ‘My name is Zibusiso Ndlovu. My totem animal is an Elephant. My name is Anesu. These are my adoptive parents. They take good care of me. Children helping a visually handicapped woman to cross the road The family is the most important institution in any society. This is where a person is prepared for society. Most of people's characters and attitudes have their foundation in the family. There are changes and dynamics which take place in the family and these impact negatively or positively on family life. There is need for unity and interaction in the community to overcome challenges faced by the family. Members of the family interact with others in the community where they make friends, and on a daily basis are required to make responsible decisions. Wisdom provides light which shows the way in making responsible decisions.Unit 1: Concept of the family Objectives By the end of the unit, you should be able to: 1. identify family relations . State roles of family members . explain what is meant by family dynamics . state changes that bring about family dynamics . State the effects of family dynamics . State the importance of lineages . describe the functions of totems. Background There are many types of families which include the nuclear family, extended family, child-headed family and single parent family. In this unit, you are going further to look at family relations which include in-laws, adopted children and foster children. You will also discuss changes which take place in families. Focus will also be on totems and lineages which are important factors in tracing family history. Keywords adopted motherinaw son-in-law daughter-in-law brother-in-law foster children sister-in-law inlaws: 1A. Family relationships Family relationships include relationships which come as a result of marriage and adoption and also include foster children and their parents. They include in-laws, relations brought about by marriage and others. That is when we have relations like mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law and sister-in-law. A mother-in-law is the wife or husband's mother. Father-in-lawis the wife or husband's father. A wife calls her husband's brother, brother-in-law and the husband's sister, sister-in-law. The same applies to the husband in relation to the wife's sister and brother. In our indigenous cultures, the husband or wife's cousins are also brothers or sisters-in-law. Adopted children are children who are Officially (legally) made fo be sons or daughters of someone who did not give birth to them. An adopted child has the same rights as those of biological children. If there were other children in the family, the relationship between the adopted child and other children in the family is that of siblings — brothers and sisters.Wealso have other family relations in the form of foster children. These are children you take into your family without legally becoming their parent. Roles of family members In previous grades, you learned about the roles of different family members. In this unit, let us look at the roles of the family members we discussed. These members are in-laws, adopted children and foster children. Adopted children and foster children are not different from any other children in the family. They perform the same roles which are performed by biological children. You discussed the roles of children in your previous grades. The inlaws are very important to the family. They continue being parents to the maried couple. They provide advice and emotional support fo their son or daughterintaw, including the grandchildren. In many families, they assist by faking care of their grandchildren when their parents are busy. The son-in-law is supposed to respect his wife’s parents and siblings. He takes care of his father and mother-in-law the same way he is supposed fo take care of his parents. This includes providing food and clothes; and making sure they have’ properhealth care services. Itis also the duty of the son-in-law toassistin the burial of father or mother-in-law when they die. This could be in the form of money for the coffin, food for mourners or in any other form possible. Likewise, the daughter in- law takes care of her husband's parents. The sister and brother-in-laws are also very important. They offer advice and moral and emotional support in different situations. The sister-in-law can assist and counsel their brother-in-law when there is a misunderstanding between the husband and wife. The same applies to brother-in-law to sisters or other brothers- in-law. They are also aunts and uncles of the couple's children and perform their roles to their nieces and nephews. Son-in-law visiting mother and father-in-law with wife and childrenania 1. Find out all your relatives whose relationships are stated in 1A above. Provide their names where possible. * 2: Discuss the roles of family members. SD Co 1. A mother-in-law is . A. father’s mother B. mother's mother C. husband or wife's mother D. mother's sister 2. The roles of adopted children are , A. different from those of other children 8. the same as those of biological children C. better than those of other children D._ inferior fo those of biological children 3. To which type of family do in-laws belong? A. Extended family B. Nuclear family C. Child-headed family D. Single parent family 4. What do you call your sister’s husband? A. Uncle B. Brother-in-law c. Cousin D. Brother 5. A foster child . A. isan adopted child B. isa homeless child C. lives with a family without being legally adopted D. is an orphan 1B. Family dynamics Family dynamics are changes in ways in which family members relate to one another. Family dynamics are not constant. They change due to changes which take place in the family. These changes may cause huge interruptions or disturbances to the normal way of life in the family. Though there are many such changes like migration, religious affiliation, separations and death, our focus in this lesson is on the last two.Separation There are many waysin which separation may happen in a family. Family members may find work in different towns or countries. The absence of a family member of a family brings changes to the normal way of family life the family is used to. Another form is when children enrol into boarding schools. Staying away from their family may have an impact on them and the family. Some families live in separation due to imprisonment. When a person breaks the country's laws he or she can be imprisoned for weeks, months or years depending on the gravily of the offence. As the person is serving their sentence in prison, his or her absence from the family is a change which interrupts normal family life. If the person is the breadwinner, the family can face financial challenges. A husband and wife may separate if their mariage is not working well. This can be a temporary separation or may lead to divorce. This kind of change is most painful to children as they would have to live with only one of the parents. It is very important for children to get love from both parents. Death Death in the family is a change which is very difficult to bear. When a sibling dies, it is painful to know that he or she will not be available throughout your life. You begin to remember and value the moments you shared together. This may lead to loneliness and depression. Counselling and emotional support from other family members and the extended family are needed. The death of a parent or both parents is also very painful. It requires support from family and friends to reduce the burden of the pain caused by the loss. The death of a parent may lead to financial and social challenges to the family. Effects of family dynamics Families are negatively affected by family dynamics. The following are some of the effects of family dynamics. Loneliness Separation from a loved one usually results in loneliness. It may take time for one to adjust to the new life. Depression The shock and pressure brought about by changes in the way of life, be they a result of separation or death, may result in stress. If stress continues without help, this may cause depression. Look at how the boy in the picture on page ¢ is lonely and depressed. Something must be wrong, and the boy needs help. Talk about this picture with your friend.Decline in school performance Changes in the family may disrupt normal family life. The children may end up not receiving the same attention and care they used to get from parents. The stress and emotional pain which results from these changes may negatively affect the performance of children in their school work. Dropping out of school Losing parents may leave children without anyone to pay school fees. Children may end up not going to school. Boy looking lonely and depressed Child-headed families The death of parents may result in child-headed families. This happens especially where there is no extended family or they are unable or unwilling fo take care of the children of their dead relative. Children in child-headed families face a lot of challenges like abuse, malnutrition, dropping out of school and teenage pregnancies. Increase in the number of sireet kids Increased number of children living on the streets could be a result of family dynamics. Some children cannot accept changes at home and they react by running away. Some of these children end up living on the streets. Some are left without parents and end up living on the streets. Increased exposure fo abuse Some family dynamics expose children to abuse. When children live separately from parents, they lose the security they get from parents. Some people, including relatives, with loose morals, take advantage of the parents’ absence and abuse the children. 1. In pairs, research on changes that bring about family dynamics. You can use the internet, books, newspapers or any other sources available. Present your finding to the class. 2. Suggest ways of coping with changes that arise from family dynamics.1, State two changes that bring family dynamics. 2. What can be done to help someone cope with the death of a family member? 3. Give two examples of situations which lead to separation in a family. 4. How can families cope with the effects of family dynamics? 5. Can the extended family be of any help in family dynamics? Support your answer. 1C. Lineages and totems Lineages The term lineage refers to descendants in a line from one common ancestor. Lineages show a hereditary line of a family. They are important since we can use them to track down the history of the family to the current living generation. It follows that members in the same lineage (father’s line) have the same totem. Lineages can be shown on a tree diagram as illustrated below. Lineages also - establish rights to inheritance and help to solve succession issues on chieftainship. [reine ae aoe Peter i san ETT 1] fT Tit fT Family tree _—! Use the family tree to answer the following questions in pairs. 1, What relationship exists between: a) Peter and Susan? b) Vimbiso and Mrs Gono? c} Peter and Pardington? d) Simba and Nancy? €) Sibongile and Brian? f]_MrGono and Sizwe? g} Sibongile and Langton? . Draw your family tree. . Discuss your family trees with your group members. enTotems A totem is a natural object, animal or plant considered by a tribe or a group ina tribe as an outward emblem of their relationship with it. People of the same totem are taken as relatives. Some people even use their totems as surnames. Can you give examples of any? ~ 1. In pairs, name the following totem symbols: c) qd) 2. Research and present some of the praise names for each of the above totems. Functions of totems Identity: A totem is used to identify a clan. People may have the same surname, but if they do not have the same totem they do not belong to the same clan despite the similarity in surname. Totems and their clan praise names are used Qs names and surnames. Common surnames which come from totems are Moyo (heart), Shumba or Sibanda (lion totem) and others. *Relationship: People with the same totem are considered to be relatives. It is believed that they are descendants of the same ancestor. It helps people to identify their relatives. Self-esteem: A sense of pride is shown by individuals speaking highly of their totems. It seems everyone rates their totem best. Respect: Totems and their associated praise names are used in place of the names as a sign of respect. For example, among the Ndebele, a woman of the Ncube totem is called MaNcube, Ndlovu totem is called MaNdlovu, and among the Shona, woman of the Eland totem (Mhofu/Mpofu or Shava) is called VaChihera while a woman of Gushungo totem is called Mangwenya. The same applies to men who are addressed by their fotem praise names such as Mhukahuru for Elephant totem among the Shona. Regulating marriages: Since people of the same totem are considered blood relations, marriage between such two is regarded as taboo. It is believed ancestral spirits can punish such people with misfortune or illness. When it has become too late to stop the marriage, a ritual of cutting the blood ties is performed. It is called chekaukama in Shona. Conservation of natural resources: A person must not eat his or her totem. They must respect it. This means the Shiri or Nyoni (Bird totem) woutd not consider birds as their food, thereby reducing danger for the birds from the humans. In an area dominated by people of a certain totem, the totem animal or object would be safe from human exploitation. This way conservation of resources is promoted. . Find out and tabulate totems versus the number of classmates who have that totem. 2. Use your mother language to write a poem about your totem. Try to make if the best. Take turns to recite your poems to the class. . Descendants are z . Why is it importan' now your lineage? .. What is the relationship between totem and lineage? |. Name any four animals or objects which are totem symbols. . Explain two functions of totems. 1 2. 3. 4, 5.Unit 2: Family and religion Objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: 1. explain ways of manying in different religions. Background Religious beliefs and practices differ a great deal from one religion to another but there are also similarities. One area in which these differences and similarities are found is marriage. In this unit, you are going to look at the ways of marrying in different religions. Keywords Z J engagement covenant wedding marriage vows 2A. Family life and marriage Ways of marrying in Christianity Genesis 2: 24 says, “Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.” This clearly spells out that in Christianity, marriage is considered a sacred act and a covenant between aman and a woman. A covenant is an agreement between people. Marriage is also considered a gift from God for love and building of family life. In Christianity, a man and a woman who want to marry usually start by informing their parents and church leaders. When families agree, some start by having an engagement. This is a ceremony which is held usually less than a year before the actual wedding. It is a commitment that they are going to marry. However, some couples go straight to have a wedding ceremony without the engagement ceremony. A wedding is a marriage ceremony. In preparation for the wedding, some churches Provide lessons to the husband and wife to be on marriage and family life. The wedding is usually associated with feasting and merrymaking. Relatives, friends and church members are usually invited. However, there are some, mostly due to financial reasons, who request to have their wedding rites during a church service without a party. This is also acceptable in many churches. Wedding rituals are led by religious practitioners like pastors and priests. The pastors or priests who issue government mariage certificates are called marriage officers. They need to be registered for that by the Registrar General's office.The pastor or priest leads the two in taking marriage vows. Marriage vows are promises which are made by the two in the presence of people. This is done by saying words’of commitment. They usually have tings which they put on each other's finger as they take the vows. They sign a marriage certificates in front of witnesses. The priest or pastor blesses the marriage. Families, friends and church members may offerthem gifts as they celebrate. The relationship between husband and wife is compared to that between Christ and the Church. The Wedding ceremony in Christianity most important things in Christian marriages are love and affection. Early marriage is not acceptable, therefore, they follow the government's laws on age of consent and age of marriage, which is now at 18 years. There must be mutual consent of both parties. A marriage conirdct must be signed usually in public as a declaration of lifetime love and commitment. 1. In groups, choose a Christian denomination and research how they conduct a marriage ceremony. You can use the internet, books, magazines and resource persons for your research. Prepare a drama based on your findings and present it to the class. . Prepare a write up of your ndings as a group and submit to your teacher for marking. Ways of marrying in Islam Marriage is a religiously recommended act in Islam. Special importance is given to relationships of lineage in marriage. Islam considers marriage to be a solemn covenant (Quran 4:21). The two major functions of marriage are to achieve peace and harmony and the continuation of the human race. Prophet Muhammad said, “There is no foundation built in Islam dearer to God than marriage.” One should be mature both mentally and physically to get into marriage. While Moslems condemn early marriages, late marriages are also looked down upon. They also follow the country’s laws on age of consent and marriage. A marriage contract must have freedom of choice and consent of both parties. Marriage between Moslems and Pagans is forbidden. There must not be anyChristian or Jewish woman, while others allow for permanent marriage. Marrying one’s maharim (relative) is forbidden. Muslims allow polygamy (maximum of four wives), as long as the husband will satisfy all his wives’ and children’s needs, Divorce (falaq) is not applauded. Domestic conflicts can be settled by close relatives of both parties. Morality and justice must remain standing. 1. Using ICT tools or any other resources available to you, research on ways. of marrying in Islam. Prepare a short speech and present if to the class. . A priest or pastor who is registered by the Registrar General's Office to issue marriage cerfificates is calleda___. 2. Christians and Muslims in Zimbabwe must follow marriage laws which says a Person can only marry after the age of eer 3. Give anything that was said in the Bible about marriage. Provide the chapter and verse. 4. What did Prophet Muhammad say about mariage? 5. Give one similarity between marriage in Islam and marriage in Christianity. Ways of marrying in Judaism Jews consider marriage to be a contractual bond by God. In this religion, most marital teachings are similar to those of Christianity. Ideally, a person must marry at the age of twenty. The husband must satisfy his wife's needs and comfort. There must also be a marriage contract (ketubah). No marriage between relatives is permissible. Contrary to Christianity, both polygamy and divorce are permissible. There are two important Processes in a Jewish marriage. The first one is betrothal and the second is the actual maniage. These two used to happen separately with atime difference of around a year. However, these days the two can be done at the same time. The betrothal (engagement) Ceremony involves the man giving a ting or something valuable to the woman. It can also be a document which states that the man is going to marry the woman. There should be male witnesses who are not related to either the man or the woman. The wedding ceremony makes use of a wedding canopy called the Chuppoh. It represents the new home being created. Usually, the face of the bride would be covered with a veil. The father and mother of the bride escort her, After some rituals which differ with different Jewish sects, a marriage contract is signed.Ways of marrying in Indigenous Religion (IR) There are many ways of marrying in Indigenous Religion, but some are no longer being practised due to new laws which protect human rights and the rights of women and children. Ways of marrying like abduction marriage (musengabere) are no longer practised as they violate human rights. Inheritance marriage, whereby a brother or sister inherits the wife or husband of a dead brother or sister respectively, is also becoming rare. This is mainly due to education and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. The most common ways of marrying in IR are formal marriage and elopement. Aman and a woman who have reached the proper age of marriage and who. love each other approach the woman's paternal aunt. She introduces the man. The aunt usually starts by asking about the totem of the man to make sure that incest does not occur. The aunt would ask them to exchange clothes as a sign or token of their commitment to each other, and a promise that they are going to marry. After some time, when the aunt is satisfied with their commitment, she arranges for a function where the woman visits the home of the man. These arrangements are usually made together with the man's aunt and uncles. The woman goes with her aunt. This is intended to give them a chance to assess the family and also the man's family to assess their future in-law. After this function, marriage arrangements start. Marriage functions take place at the woman's parents’ home. A go-between is used to negotiate the bride price. When the part of the bride price is paid, they are considered husband and wife. However, another function is arranged whereby the wife is brought to her new home. This involves celebrations and showering of Gifts. Elopement is in two forms. The most discouraged happens when the woman becomes pregnant before marriage. She runs from her parents’ home to the responsible man's family. In most cases, she gets guidance from her aunt on how to approach the situation. She usually goes to the man's uncle’s home. lf the man accepts responsibility, celebrations are done to receive es the woman and a go-between is sent to the woman's parents with a token payment to inform them that = a they have their daughter. What follows next is bride price payment Bride price negotiation ceremony in Indigenous ReligionS in a way which is mostly similar to formal mariage. The difference is that for elopement, the man is asked to Pay extra for damages since he took away their daughter without permission, There are situations where elopement happens without pregnancy. This is usually done by people who do not have enough resources to go through formal marriage. These are not all the ways of marrying in Indigenous Religion, but they are the most common today. Some of the practices described here may differ slightly from place to place because of cultural differences in indigenous communities. 1. In Judaism, the wedding ceremony is done under a wedding canopy called F 2. Name two important processes ina Jewish marriage. 3. Who advises the (a) bride (b) groom before the marriage in Indigenous Religion? 4, Why would totems be specifically considered before marriage? 5. Today, what has disturbed the duties of aunts and uncles in marriage assistance? Summary Religions follow laws of the country on the age of consent and age of marriage. The age of marriage in Zimbabwe is 18 years and above. Formal marriage is the most accepted way of marrying in Indigenous Religion. In Christianity, marriage involves a wedding ceremony which is led by a priest Or pastor. * A priest or pastor who is authorised by the Registrar General issues marriage certificates according to the laws of the country and is called a marriage officer. * Most Judaism and Christianity teachings on marriage interweave. * Most religions believe that there must be mutual consent between the parties who wish to marry. * Divorce is not encouraged in most religions. Glossary Consent = tograni, to allow, to agree. Contract — awritten or spoken agreement. Disparity — the state of being unequal; difference. Elopement — _ tunning off secretly to get married. Permissible = what is allowed.End of unit assessment test Multiple choice questions 1. Marriage in Judaism is viewed as . A. adisadvantage B. acovenant Cc. awaste of time D. something which has nothing to do with God 2. Betrothal is the same as A. engagement B. divorce Cc. separation D. inheritance mariage 3. In Christianity, ___ is discouraged. A. awedding ring B. lobola Cc. divorce D. awedding 4, What does the bride and bridegroom promise each other when making marriage vows in Christianity? A. Tobe committed to each other until death separates them. B. To separate anytime when they are no longer interested. C. Not fo interfere in each other's affairs. D. To buy each other good things. 5. Why are people taught before marriage? A. Because they are dull. B. To help them understand the meaning of marriage. C. To be prepared for divorce. D. So that they can avoid each other when there are problems. 6. Marrying before the legal age of marriage is __ A. an offence against the law of the country B. permitted by the law in some situations C. not an offence if it takes place in the church D. allowed in a customary marriage 7. Which of the following is not true? A. Islam does not allow marriage between under-aged people. B. Islam allows mariage between a Muslim woman and a non- Muslim man. C. Islam sees marriage as a contract before Allah. D. InIslam, Allah blesses the marriage of Muslims. 8. Who negotiates bride price in Indigenous Religion? A. The bride B. The bridegroom C. The go-between D. The bridegroom's mothers SOR w Which of the following is true? A. There is engagement in marriage in Indigenous Religion. B. There is no engagement in marriage in Indigenous Religion. C. Marriage is no longer being practised in Indigenous Religion. D. Indigenous marriage is unlawful. ). What is the role of an aunt in marriage in Indigenous Religion? To look after her niece's husband. To teach her niece about mariage. To negotiate the bride price. To collect the bride price. Structured questions [20] por> Christianity compares the relationship between husband and wife to that one between and (2) Give the difference between ways of marrying in Judaism and Christianity. (4) Describe the stages of a marriage ceremony in Christianity. (5) What do Moslems refer to as talaq? (2) In Islam, one of the purposes of mariage isto___. (2) Describe a formal marriage in Indigenous Religion. (5)Unit 3: Family and community Objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able fo: 1. explain the benefits of family interaction 2. identify ways of caring for the needy. Background Despite differences in lineages and totems, families are expected fo unite as one body called a community. A community is a group of people living in a particular area. In the community, no one is expected to live in isolation as there is family interaction. Family interaction brings with it many benefits which are discussed in this unit. These interactions result in the identification of the needy who can be assisted in different ways to be discussed in this unit. Keywords g isolated inspire needy community’ interaction 3A. Family interaction Benefits of family interaction Family interaction reduces the burden of work on individual families. This is usually done through cooperative work (humwe/nhimbe/hoka/ilima). A family invites other community members to come and give them a hand in times of need. These are familiar members of the locality whom they work with on such occasions. The job description must be well defined such as ploughing, weeding, threshing and many others. This is in order for invitees to appear in proper attire and with the right tools to use. A task which would normally take a month is completed in a single day. This is the power of family interaction and working together. Where there is no interaction, a family is isolated (cut off or being separated from others) from others and faces problems alone. Family interaction helps to reduce fear and stress. For example, when a person becomes critically ill it is common to be afraid and stressed. The fear and stress can make theillness worse. However, with familyinteraction, the sickpersonisrarely alone as family members, relatives, and other members of the community take turns to visit him or her in the hospital or at home. Other members intervene with cash or in kind to lessen the burden of the affected families. Prayers are usually offered and this comforts and provides relief to both the sick and the family. Read Matthew 25: 35-45,S) Family interactions provide the much needed emotional support. Besides sickness, death of a family member brings a lot of pain to the family. At such a time the family needs emotional support. Families pay condolences and attend funeral wakes and burials to console the deceased's family. In indigenous communities, this is done without invitation. They dig the grave and assist in other duties. Contributions are made in cash or kind. Members of the community remain with the family till after burial. They sing and dance throughout the night to comfort the bereaved family members. Religious leaders read from scriptures to offer words of comfort. Family interactions inspire the young to do great in life. To inspire is to be a source of ideas and encouragement for others fo be successful. When families come together in celebrations like weddings, birthdays, house warming, graduation, and many others, the young are inspired to achieve great things in life and be celebrated. They see this as a way of bringing joy and pride to their families and community. Community members praying for their sick fellow community member __, Communities celebrate success together and the Family interactions help in conflict young are inspired management. When members have differences, they are helped by community members to resolve their differences, This helps to reduce violence. Family interactions also help to prevent and expose abuse. When there is interaction, people or children in abusive households are more likely fo share their experiences with others. Information can reach community leaders or the police who can assist the victims. Another importance of family interaction is the sharing of ideas and skills. As families interact, they get to know how others are doing well in certain areas. When ideas and skills are shared, the community develops.. Discuss the benefits and significance of family interactions. 2. Dramatise a scene of hunwe/nhimbe/ilima as a class. T . a} Whencanamember request the community for assistance in the form of nhimbe/humwe /ilima? b) Give two benefits of working together as a community. 2. Do you think the Supreme Being likes family interactions? Give a reason for your answer. 3. Whyis it important to pay condolences when a community member dies? 4, The words “Get well soon” are addressed to 5. Give examples of two situations where people can. benefit emotionally from family interactions. 3B. Caring for the needy Which group of people are referred to as the needy? These are people who lack basic resources important for living. They include those who do not have enough food, medicine, clothing or adequate houses. They may not necessarily be physically or mentally disabled. As long as they lack certain basic resources important for living they are viewed as the needy. Ways of caring for the needy There are many ways to help the needy which include financial assistance, clothes donations, food aid, shelter provision and most importantly assistance in starting income-generating projects. The needy can be assisted with money to meet some of their needs. A lot of times there are people who suffer from diseases and conditions which need large sums of money for medical treatment. It is our duty as members of the community to assist each other in such situations. Communities can do crowdfunding and raise the required money. Even as an individual, you can also hglp the needy financially. ‘Community members helping the elderlySome children are dropping out of school because they do not have anyone to Pay for their school fees. Individuals, communities, and organisations can assist them. Imagine the happiness it brings to see someone becoming successful in life because of the help you gave. Members of the community can assist the elderly and those living with disability by organising a nhimbe/ilima (cooperative work] to work in their crop fields, be it planting, weeding or harvesting. This helps in providing them with food security. See the picture on page 21 where people are helping the elderly. In times of natural disasters like earthquakes and cyclones, families get together and give aid to victims. An example is the Cyclone Idai of 2019 which killed and injured many people and left many homeless, Many Zimbabweans contributed Cash and goods which were donated cycione idal victims. being provided with gifts to victims in Chimanimani, Chipinge _ from well-wishers and surrounding areas. Another way of helping the needy is to train them and provide them with capital fo sfart self-help projects like poulity farming, goat production, vegetable production and many others. You, as young people in your community, can also offer help to the needy in a variety of ways. Can you think of any ways you can help the old, the crippled and the underprivileged in society? Disabled man doing self-help projects Identify the needy in your community. Find ways in which they can be helped and record this information. Submit it to your teacher for assessment. . 6Multiple choice questions 1. Ifa person is needy, he/she 2. Which person can you help with a walking stick? 3. What can you say about people who move about donating food, clothes 4, What can you say about a character who comes to a humwe/ilima just for A. needs special help B. has no relatives C.. is self-sufficient D. is careless A. The old B. Orphan C. Street-kid D. Widow and blankets to old people? A. They show off. B. They are ignorant. Cc. They are selfish. D. They are unselfish. feeding without having done anything? A. Greedy and uncooperative 8. Lazy and humble C. Loyal and punctual D. Hard working and genuine 5. People grieve the deadata____. A. nhimbe/ilima B. party Cc. meeting D. funeral Summary Families must work together for the goodness of their community. Family interactions unite families and make it possible to help each other in times of need. Family interaction develops communities through the sharing of ideas and skills. Through family interactions violence is reduced in resolving conflicts. The needy include the elderly, people with disabilities, and other people in situations which require help. The needy can be helped through financial assistance, training and capital to start projects, provision of food, clothing and shelter. Glossary Condolence - an expression of sympathy to the relatives of the deceased. Conflict = aserious disagreement between people. Emotion = astrong feeling which comes from a person's situation or mood.End of unit assessment test Multiple choice questions If the humwef/ilima is for weeding, what should invitees bring? A. mouldboard ploughs B. sickles C. picks D. hoes A disadvantage of not interacting with others is that . A. you do not learn from others B. you are punished by others C. you run away from others D. you are chased from community Each man for himself. A. is the best motto B. but God for us alll C. isthe way to go D. avoids majority troubles How can family interaction be of help to the needy? A. People hide their situation. B. People are made aware of the needy through interactions. C. The needy can beg from People in the streets. D. The needy can steal food at parties. How can a sexually abused child benefit from family interactions? A. By informing a person she or he can trust. B. By not telling anyone about his or her experiences. C. By spending time talking to People instead of going to school. D. Byrunning away from home to share his or her secrets with strangers. People with albinism need a constant supply of ___ A. wheelchairs B. crutches C. skin protection lotions D. hearing aids Which one is the major difference between urban and rural communities? A. Most people in rural communities know each other and interact more while in urban areas neighbours may not even know each other. B. Those in urban communities do not help each other at all while those in tural areas always help each other, ¢. All people in towns are rich while all people in rural areas are poor. D. Parties are done in urban areas while nhimbe/ilima is done in rural areas. =e is a national disaster that occurred in Zimbabwe in 2019 in which citizens contributed in cash and kind to help the victims. A. Cyclone Japheth B. Cyclone Eline ¢. Cyclone Idai D. Earthquake What is meant by paying condolences? A. Expressing sympathy to the family of the deceased. B. Congratulating people for succeeding in something. . 810. i NOOAE C. Expressing shock for failing in examinations. D. Being rejected by family members. is a benefit which comes from family interaction? ‘A. Awork contract B. Salary c. Wage D. Provision of food Structured questions [20] What is the difference between family interactions in rural areas and urban areas? Give two answers. (2) Explain two ways in which family interaction can provide emotional support. (4) Give two benefits of cooperative work. (2) How do people often react to an uncooperating individual? (2) Describe how you would help people left homeless by floods. (3) Explain how the needy can be empowered. (4) Suggest three ways in which children of the needy can be assisted to improve their lives. (3)) Unit 4: Social and emotional learning Objectives By the end of the unit, you should be able to: + explain ways of managing relationships .. demonstrate maturity in handling criticism and anger . state the need for respect for self and others » explain the importance of love and concern for others . choose the right friends . resist peer pressure in decision making explain the importance of wisdom in decision making. NOoORON Background Human beings live in a society where there are other people. They interact with others in their day to day life. This shows that humans are social. The fact that they respond or react to each other and to situations and circumstances they come across in life in one way or another shows that they have feelings which form emotions. Emotions have to do with feelings. When a person becomes emotional, d deep feeling is involved. Let us look at how these come into’ ‘play in relationship management, communication and social management, building relationships, and responsible decision making. ( Keywords | , sympathy empathy criticism respect insubordinate tolerate peer pressure emotions 4A. Relationship management For a relationship to do well, both Parties should know that they think differently. Failure to do so will result in disagreement and conflict. It means that we need to tolerate each other. To tolerate is to accept or put up with others even if you do not like something about them. In slam, tolerance and patience is a sign of faith in Allah. In Indigenous Religion, tolerance is also emphasised. This is found in folktales and idioms. The way others think may be better than ours. There is no reason why we must keep on arguing. Some people are so stubborn and bad-tempered that they can dismiss genuine proposals, sometimes even intentionally. Situations like this include adults who may suppose that they think better than the youth do. There are also unnumbered cases of individuals who associate ability with a particular gender, Another important thing in relationship management as taught by alll religions isS forgiveness. People make mistakes which may offend others. For any relationship to survive, there is need for forgiveness. In the Christian Bible, Jesus gave the parable of the Prodigal Son who demanded his share of inheritance from his father. He took the wealth and went fo a faraway couniry where he squandered everything. He was left poor. When he suffered, he decided to go and ask for forgiveness from his father. When his father saw him coming he rushed and welcomed him. He forgave his son and celebrated his return. The relationship was restored because of forgiveness. Muslims are also taught to forgive: "But if you pardon and overlook and forgive — then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful" (At-Taghabun 64:14). In Judaism, forgiveness is encouraged. The story of Joseph when he was sold as a slave by his brothers is a good example. When he was a governor in Egypt, he forgave his brothers. In Indigenous Religion, people are also taught fo forgive each other. People are always asked to shake their hands to show that they have forgiven each other. Relationships ore also well managed Te Predigel son returning to his father when there is humility. When someone is humble, he or she can easily ask for forgiveness. A humble person can say, “| am wrong" and apologise. All religions emphasise this. People are asked to be humble before their creator and repent of their sins to maintain a good relationship with the Supreme Being. In Indigenous Religion, when people anger the ancestors and the Supreme Being, they prepare beer and conduct rituals to ask for forgiveness and appease them. This is the same among people. There is need for humility so that one can accept other people's views. Relationship management also requires love and selflessness. Without love, it is difficult for people to relate well with others. Love goes hand in hand with selflessness. With these two, one can tolerate others, to forgive and to feel for others. In Christianity, Jesus said in John 13:13, “A new commandment | give you, that you love one another: just as | have loved you, you also are to love one another". In Judaism, God commands people to love one another as they love themselves. This is found in Leviticus 19:18 which says, “Love your neighbour as yourselves." In Indigenous Religion people are taught to love one another through stories. Islam also emphasises love, whereby people love each other for Allah. With love, relationships survive. Relationships are also built on trust. Trust comes from being honest and faithful. It is very easy to lose trust, but it is very difficult to regain trust.Class discussion Asa class, discuss the following: 1. What offen causes arguments with your friends? Who is mostly on the winning side and why? Which ways from Indigenous Religion can you use to end your arguments peacefully? a 1. What can possibly happen if people: a) agree b) disagree? . Relationships are well managed when there is__. . What should you do when you find that your argument is wrong? |. Name three important things for a long-lasting relationship. Give one reason people disagree in families, gawD 4B. Communication and social management Criticism handling As human beings, we are not perfect. We make a lot of mistakes. It is through feedback from others that we improve in whatever we do. This feedback is criticism. It can be positive or negative. Many people find it difficult to handle criticism if it is pointing out areas which need to be corrected. To handle criticism, it is important to remind yourself that you are not perfect and no human being is perfect. Take criticism as a way of showing gaps which need to be filled to produce the best. This also applies to criticism of character and behaviour. Pride is the major factor which causes People fo fail in accepting criticism. A person with foo much pride lacks humbleness. That person looks down upon ethers and feels as if he or she has been brought down when being criticised. Overcoming Pride is the best way of improving the ability to handle criticism. Failure to handle criticism has led to many arguments and fights. This is made worse by failure to manage anger. On the other hand, it is also important for those criticising to do it in a way which does not upset or discourage others. Criticism must be constructive, not destructive. It must build, not to destroy. Criticism, depending on the sensitivity of the issue must be done in private. It is not proper to publicise a person's weakness. The fone of language and choice of words are important issues to consider when imparting criticism. Some words and tone can be interpreted as mockery leading to one being offended by the criticism.It is also important to point out the positives first and bring the negative gradually. This prepares the person and helps him or her not fo view it as a personal attack. Anger management The term management has been used instead of prevention in relation to anger shows that anger occurs whether you like it or not. However, it needs to be controlled, hence the term management. In the Bible, Jesus faught that one should not spend the whole day in anger. Let us look at some of the ways which one can try to manage anger. This is how one should behave when in anger. Firstly, when in anger, do not take important action or — decisions. Anger makes it difficult to make a proper judgement. Often people do irreversible things with grave consequences. An angry person can pick anything close by and attack someone. This has contributed a lot to murders. It is also important not to rush into talking when in anger. Words cannot be reversed. Trust is lost and relationships ruined as a result of words spoken in anger. Moving away from the person or people who provoked you can give A manager struggling to control anger against you time to calm down. This helps you his juniors at work to regain conirol of your emotions. It is also important to give others a chance to speak. This allows you to make appropriate responses. When they get a chance to speak and they see that they are being listened to, their anger is more likely to be reduced. This may prevent violence. Imagine you are a counsellor who has been invited to talk about communication and social management with learners. Choose either criticism handling or anger management as your topic of discussion. Prepare a short speech on the topic fo present to the learners. You can prepare posters and collect pictures to help you in your presentation. If you have ICT tools, use them in preparing and presenting your speech.- What is criticism? Give two reasons why people fail to accept etiticism, . Failure to handle criticism leads to ——and . List three ways in which anger can be managed. What can a person do to avoid increasing someone's anger? 2aen> 4C. Building relationships Respect Respect can be described as due regard of feelings, aspirations and tights of others. It is very important to respect yourself and others. Respect brings a sense of value. When a person is respected he or she feels valued. If you respect yourself, you feel that you are of great value. You, therefore, try to take good care of yourself. Likewise, if you respect someone, the sense of value that he or she feels is a reminder for the person to take Proper care of him or herself. Respect produces confidence. You feel confident in yourself and the same applies to people you respect. With confidence, success and develepment come. Respecting yourself and others prevents abuse. If you respect yourself you will not want to be labelled an abuser, Those who feel respected by you are more likely to gather the courage to speak out of their abusive situations. Respect reduces stigma and discrimi- nation. Regard for feelings, aspirations and rights for others leads to acceptance of others. This reduces discrimination and stigmatisation against people who are HIV positive, people with chronic conditions, those living with disability and people living with albinism. Racial discrimination is also reduced. Without respect for self and others, it is impossible to love. Respect is one of the characteristics of love. Respect builds trust. It is easier to trust someone who respects you. Where ~ there is trust there is Production and development. Children playing together without discriminationImportance of love and concern for others (sympathy and e empathy) Love and concern for others are summed upin two words, sympathy and empathy. Sympathy is a feeling of pity or sorrow for someone who is in a bad situation. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. Love and concern for others help us fo assist the needy in society. Without sympathy one may not feel pity when seeing those in need. Sympathy alone is not enough, it needs empathy which makes you understand how the person in need feels. This also gives you the feeling of how happy and relieved the person would be if they are assisted. Love and concer for others enable community members to console those in sorrowful situations like the death of a family member. Their sympathy and empathy give them the conviction that it is necessary to pay condolences and to provide assistance. » Love and concern for others help people to forgive each other. People live in harmony. With love and concern for others, people do not steal or rob others of their possessions. There is security Dye fo love and concer, community members are and peace. helping a stranded person . Inyour groups discuss the need for respect for oneself and others. Read stories provided by your teacher on love and empathy. . Discuss the importance of love, empathy and sympathy. a eno 1. What is respect? 2. In your view, who should be respected? Give a reason. 3. Give two benefits of respecting yourself. 4. How does respecting other people help to prevent stigma and discrimination? 5. Define the following terms: a) sympathy b) empathy 6. Give the difference between sympathy and empathy.7. How does love and concern for others help members of the society fo help the needy? 8. How does love and concem for others bring peace in society? 9. Explain the relationship between respect and trust. 0. People who steal other People's belongings lack. 7 4D. Responsible decision making In decision making, it is very important to make the right decisions so as not to regret later. This is achieved by creating a positive environment in the form of right friends, overcoming peer pressure and using wisdom. Choosing the right friends Friends have a lot of influence in decisions that we make. It is very important to choose friends who will not influence you to make wrong decisions. One of the attributes ofa good friendis being selfless. If one is self-centred, he orshe is likely to influence you to do things which benefit him or her without consideration of how it benefits or affects you. A good friend is one who shows respect for others. A person who does not respect others is likely not to respect you. If the person does not have-réspect, it means he or she does not care for others. Choose trustworthy friends. You should not quickly trust a stranger without some ackground check. Some People ore already known in communities for bad character. Avoid them. Itis better to have friends who share common interests with you. Without sharing common interests, you are likely to be always in arguments. There is also the danger of being pressured into doing things which you do not like. Resisting peer pressure in decision making When you change your values, beliefs and attitudes to conform to your friends or to a group, it is peer Pressure. You should not make decisions based on what all your | friends want. You should consider the merits of the decision, that is, whether it is beneficial and moral. The picture on the right shows boys and girls who influenced each other toattack a goat. Thisis peerpressure. Resisting peer pressure) The girl and boy who are leaving refused to take part in this bad behaviour. They resisted peer pressure. The following are some of the ways of resisting peer pressure: 1. Suggest something else to do. 2. Walk away from the situation like the boy and girl in the previous picture. 3. Refuse politely, but with a clear and firm voice. 4. Do something else with other friends. Peer pressure can lead to committing a crime. The excitement of acting as a group can result in people breaking the law and ending up being arrested and jailed. During public demonstrations, people join without thinking and end up looting shops. This is immoral and unlawful. Many children are abusing drugs due to peer pressure. They end up being addicted and their life is destroyed. Peer pressure is also causing children to engage in sexual relationships. A lot of them are getting sexually transmitted infections. Some are getting pregnant at a tender age. These are some of the dangers of peer pressure. Importance of wisdom in decision making To make decisions without peer pressure, it is important to use wisdom. Wisdom in decision making is whereby you use knowledge, experience andgood judgement. When you apply wisdom in decision making, you rarely make wrong decisions. Wisdom is very important. A good example is the story of Solomon in Judaism and Christianity. When God asked him to choose what he wanted, he requested for wisdom in ruling the people of Israel. He was given wisdom and his fame spread throughout the world because of his leadership. On top of wisdom, he was given wealth. Wise decisions do not get you or other people into trouble. This is because they are well thought out. They are decisions which are based on facts and not emotions or anger. 1. Make a chart with pictures showing the effects of peer pressure. 2. Narrate religious stories of people who used wisdom in decision making. Em | 1. List three characteristics of bad friends. | 2. Explain two dangers of peer pressure. | 3. How can you resist peer pressure? 4. Give a brief outline of a religious story on wisdom. 5. How does wisdom help in decision making?Summary * To live successfully and happily, we need to manage our relationships. * Tolerance and sound communication skills improve our relationships with others. * Different people think and react differently to the same situation. * _Itis very important to have good friends so that one is not influenced into making wrong decisions. * Being respectful, selfless and trustworthy are some of the attributes of good friends. * Peer influence can be dangerous but it can be resisted. * Peer pressure is when one ignores his or her values and is influenced by others into doing something. *° Peer pressure has many dangers like engaging in criminal activities, sexual immorality and drug abuse. * Wisdom is when one applies knowledge, experience and good judgement in decision making. Wisdom leads to successful decisions. Respect is very important in building relationships. Overcoming pride and being humble helps in handling criticism. Criticism should be constructive and must be communicated Politely. One should not make important decisions in anger. Glossary Addicted — unable to stop a habit like taking drugs. Attribute - quality or feature of something. | Constructive criticism — offering valid opinions about the work of others by pointing out the positive and negative in a thoughiful manner. Folktale — an old story told again and again for generations. Humility - the characteristic of being humble. Idiom — phrases or expressions with deeper meaning. Immoral — not following accepted principles of right behaviour. Management > controlling, directing, and succeeding. Peer ~ people of the same level, for example, people in the same grade or age group. End of unit assessment test Multiple choice questions 1. Tolerance means __. A. believing that your views are the only correct ones B. accepting others despite them having different views from yoursC. being dismissive of other people's views D treating people from your religion as the only acceptable people 2. The story of the Prodigal Son teaches about A forgiveness B. communication ¢. worshipping D. preaching 3. Pick the one which is important in relationship management. A Fear B. Honest Cc. Gossip D. Anger 4, What is criticism? A Scolding someone B. Provoking people C. Judging the positives and negatives of something D. Discouraging someone from doing what is good 5. How can a person show maturity in criticism handling? A Rebuking the one who is communicating criticism. B. Ignoring the criticism. ¢. Accepting criticism and being determined to succeed. D. Walking away from the person. 5‘ is one of the ways of managing anger. A Taking a break to gain calmness B. Shouting at other people Cc. Covering ears D. Singing while others are talking to you 7. Which one is an attribute of a good friend? A. Short-tempered B. Respectful C. Impatient D. Controlling 8. Responsible decision making involves . A resisting criticism B. resisting peer pressure ¢. accepting peer pressure D. ignoring a warning 9. What is meant by peer? A One's parents B. People of same level or age C. People of the opposite sex D. Neighbours 10. Which character from the Bible was asked by God to choose what he wanted and he chose wisdom? A Abraham B. John Cc. Solomon D. David Structured questions 1. a) Explain two ways of managing relationships. (4) b) What do you consider to be the most important factor which binds relationships? Give a reason for your answer. (2) 2. a) Communication means __. q) b) The best way of communicating criticism is_. (1) c) Explain the importance of constructive criticism. (2) 3. a) Define the term respect. (2) b) Explain the importance of empathy in relationships. (2) c} ____ means a feeling of pity and sorrow for someone's situation. (1)S) 4. a) What are the characteristics of a good friend? (3) 6) Explain the importance of wisdom in decision making. (2) End of ter eS en Multiple choice Answer all questions 1. The type of family which has the closest blood bond is ae A. extended B. nuclear Cc. re-constituted D. adoptive 2. Divorce is . A. joining together of families B. cancellation of marriage ¢. when parents are working in different cities D. when people break the Promise to marry each other 3. Migrating to stay in another country changes your 2 A. culture B. originality Cc. family dynamics D. totem 4. The worst dynamics in a family occur in the form of — A. migration B. separation c, divorce . death 5. A name associated with a totem used to show respect or appreciation is called___. A. nickname B. clan praise name Cc. totem name D. surname 6. An example of a totem which is a body partis. A. Shiri/Nyoni (Bird) B. Zhou/Ndlovu (Elephant) C. Moyo (Heart) D. Dziva/Siziba (Pool/River) 7. What is a polygamous marriage? A. A family when the husband has more than one wife. B. A wife with two husbands. C. When the husband has one wife. D. A family made up of stepfather and stepchildren. 8. What name is given to a blood child? A. adopted child B. stepchild C. foster child D. biological child 9. The major problem in a re-constituted family is that , A. itis composed of stepchildren and stepparents B. there may be difficulties in the two families trying to become one C. they are caused by separations D. step-parents are always rude10. Nowadays the major cause of child-headed families is ‘ A. religious beliefs B. lack of education Cc. emigration D. death of parents 11. Your mother’s brother's wife is your # A. grandmother B. stepmother Cc. aunt D. mother-in-law 12. Urbanisation has led to most people losing their_. A. totems B. lineages C. traditional ethics D. parents 13. In indigenous society, it is a_____ to eat one’s totem. A. norm B. miracle C. ritual D. taboo 14. The subject of Unhu/Ubuntu is important as it fosters_. A. good morals B. peer pressure C._ individualism D. discrimination 15. One of the importance of the belief in totems is that it . A. helped to preserve natural resources B. brought rains on time C. enabled people to eat any animal they wanted D. brought healing powers 16. Marriage between people of the same totem is considered to be » A. appropriate B. anact of incest Cc. ablessing D. witchcraft 17. The Shoko (monkey) totem is associated with . A. smartness and sirength B. swiftness at climbing C. preparedness and organisation D. beauty and persuasiveness 18. The most respectable way of marrying in Indigenous Religion is_. A. elopement (kufizira) B. _ self-imposing (kuganha) C. abduction (musengabere) D. formal (kukumbira/ukucela umiilo) 19. One of the important factors to consider for a successful marriage is . A. noticeable age difference B. mutual consent of both groom and bride C. the amount of wealth the man has D. same level of education of both spouses 20. Matrimony is a ceremony of s A. graduation B. birthday C. chieftainship installation D. marriage 21. Which religion does not allow women to mary someone from another religion? A. Islam B. Christianity ©. Judaism D. Moslems22, 23. 24. 25; 26. o7. 28. 29. 30. 3 32, 34, When Muslims say tala, they mean ___ A. mariage B. divorce C. wedding OD. relative A good community is one which is . A. co-operative B. mean . inconsiderate D. _ unreligious A community which repeats, “No Jew no gentile is : A. hostile B. patient C. tolerant D. faithful When someone dies community members are expected to ae A. leave the affected family alone B. pay condolences C. leave the community until the funeral ends D. accuse others of witchcraft A person who is___is good to deal with. A. grumpy B. emotional C. social D. trivial Which statement is true? A. Emotions are detrimental to health. B. Being sociable means being emotional. C. Emotions refresh one’s mind. D. A sociable person has very fast friends, Being too emotional can lead to . A. conflict B. forgiveness . reconciliation D. good luck The boys attended to their friend who had been injured. They showed all of the following except__. A. hatred B. sympathy Cc. empathy D. patience Which of the following is an attribute of a good friend? A. Hot-tempered B. Hard-tempered Cc. Steadfast D. Impatient Using wisdom in decision making means cele A. relying on peer pressure B. using knowledge, experience and facts C. see what others do then do likewise D. letting people do whatever they want to do A very important factor in Indigenous Religion which determines whether people can get married to each other or not is eee A. employment status B. usage of totems Cc. political differences D. financial status For a family to be successful, there must be . A. jealous B. hatred C. co-operation D. excessive freedom A maternal relative is from your___ side. A. friend's B. father’s C. step mother's D. mother’sS) 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Al. 42 AA. A family made up of a father, mother and three pairs of twins belongs to which type of family? A. Extended B. Polygamous Cc. Nuclear D. Child headed Peer pressure canlead to ___. A. misbehaviour B. permanent togetherness C. personal growth D. morality Which of the following morals has a direct link to charity? A. Obedience B. Appreciation Cc. Generosity D. Gratitude Who was Prophet Muhammed’s wife? A. Khadijah B. Sarah C. Alibin Talib D. Abu Bakr The aged in society are catered for in their families or in_. A. children’s home B. old people's homes C. rehabilitation centres _ D. institutions for the physically handicapped ). Which statement is true? A. Sweeping, cooking and washing plates are girls responsibilities. B. Wecan share tasks by division of labour. C. Boys do not cry. D. Elders are free from doing household duties. A Mother-in-law refers fo ze A. anaunt B. a biological mother Cc. astepmother D. aspouse's mother Which of the following shows family relationships? A. Totems B. Family tree C. Community structure D. Interdependence . The most painful cause of separation in marriage is ‘ A. divorce B. employment C. religious affiliation D. death Concerning totems, which statement is FALSE? A. They give identity to their owners. B. They are part and parcel of relationships in Indigenous Religion. Cc. They exist in all religions. D. They mark marriage boundaries in traditional culture. . What must you do with your friend who is in danger of peer influence? A. Try to counsel him or her kindly. B. Let him or her be free to choose what they want. C. Join him or her to fight in battle together. D. Let him or her suffer from the results of peer pressure. . Why has marital inheritance faded a great deal? A. twas banned. B. Because of the influence of Christianity and education. D. Men are now very few. s C.. Itis no longer legal.47. Which of the following affects family dynamics? A. Separation B. Sports C. Strictness D. Being humble 48. Which statement is TRUE about community interventions in helping needy? A. They should depend on political affiliation. B. They are always helpful. C. They are never important. D. They are meant for people from outside the community. 49. Who plays for both teams in indigenous marriage processes? A. The father-in-law B. The mother-in-law C. The mediator D. Village head 50. Which statement is FALSE about peer influence? A. It comes from people of the same age. B. tis often crafty and difficult to resist. C. It is asame rank type. D. Itis hereditary. Structured questions [50] 1. a) State any two examples of totems. ) Give any two functions of totems, c) Differentiate between a monogamous family and’a polygamous family. d) According to Indigenous Religion, what may happen if: (i) You mary a person of your totem? (il) You eat your totem? Use the following lineage structure below to answer question 2. Grandfather Grandmother Tawanda Vongai Simba Brenda Farisai Clara Joe lydia Theresa Tsitsi Uoyd the2 @) b) c) a) b) Grandmother and grandfather's children were brothers. Who were’ they? What is the relationship between: (i) Tawanda and Vongai (i) Grandfather and Vongai (ii) Tawanda and Brenda (iv) Clara and Lydia (v) Joe and Tsitsi (vi). Grandmother and Lloyd (vil) Simba and Lydia (viii) Lydia and Theresa What is the name of the diagram? What is meant by family dynamics? Briefly describe how the following may lead to family dynamics: () Employment ii) Divorce (ii) Death liv) Religious beliefs What can you say about a person who: ) * donates to the needy in the community? feels pity or sorrow for the suffering or distress of another? can understand another person's point of view? (2) has an intense feeling of affection and care towards another? Becomes very vocal or even violent when angered or frustrated? (2) List any two ways by which the family can coniribute to the community. Discuss any two ways by which the community can help the family. What problem might be faced by a family which does not co-operate with the community? State three characteristics of a good friend. Suggest reasons why people choose friends. State any two beliefs about marriage which are common in Indigenous Religion, Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Briefly explain how the coming of other religions disturbed Indigenous Religion. (i) What is peer pressure? (i) How can you resist peer pressure? (ii) Why do some people fail fo resist peer pressure? (1) (2) [10] (2) (2) (Q) (3) (2) [0] (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (10]Religion Introduction Religion is a belief that there is a supermatural power or powers which govern the universe, It is the recognition of the Supreme Being as an object of worship, love and obedience, the one that created everything. Different religions have varying Perceptions in terms of beliefs, rites and rituals as well as artefacts and attire. They also have different beliefs conceming life after death.S) | Unit 5: Concept of religion Objectives By the end of this unit, you should be able to: 1. list world religions. Background In previous grades, you leamt about many religions in Zimbabwe which include Indigenous Religion, Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Religions do not exist only in Zimbabwe, but throughout the world. This unit is going to look at world religions and their distribution throughout the world. Keywords dominant universalising 5A: World religions There are many religions in the world which include Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Indigenous Religion, Hinduism and Buddhism. These religions are more concentrated in some regions or countries compared to others. Some religions are found as part of the culture of the people, but religions like Islam and Christianity are called universalising religions because they grow by preaching and converting people to the religion. Christianity Christianity is the largest religion in the world, estimated to constitute more than 31.2 percent of the world population. t is the dominant religion in South America, North America, Europe, Southem and Central Africa. This means that it is the religion with the most number of people in the world. In areas not mentioned, Christians are found but in small numbers compared +o other religions. The following picture shows Christians worshipping. Roman Catholics in a church service (mass)Piracy criminal, tenes Islam Islam is the second-largest religion in the world. Muslims are estimated to make 24.1 per cent of the world population. This is the dominant religion in Asia and North Africa. It is also found in some parts of Europe like Turkey. Islam is found in many European, American and African countries. Examples of Asian countries where Islam is the religion of the country are Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. Judaism Judaism is found mainly in Israel. However, there are Jews in many countries in the world like the United States of America, France, Ethiopia, South Africa and many others. The world population of followers of Judaism is estimated to be about 0.2 per cent. Indigenous Religion This religion is indigenous to Africa. This religion differs from country to country in Africa. However, there are similarities in most of the key beliefs. The key beliefs which unite’ this religion in different countries is life after death, belief in the Supreme Being and belief in ancestral spitits. This religion is found mostly in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Many Africans practise this religion alongside one of the major religions. For example, People would follow some of the practises of Indigenous Religior ‘Muslims on a pilgrimage to Mecca Jews praying Lie Indigenous religious ceremony here in Zimbabwe, nN when conducting7 criminal marriage rituals and then do a Christian wedding. The same applies to birth and death rituals in most cases. This has created confusion in trying to come up with the number of followers of this religion. Hinduism Hinduism is mostly found in India. It is also scattered throughout the world in areas where Indian communities are found. It is estimated to constitute 15.1 per cent of the world population. Buddhism Buddhism originatedin India andis found in countries which include India, Thailand, China and Japan. Followers of Buddhism are thought to be about 7.9 per cent of the world population. Using ICT tools, resource persons, books, newspapers, magazines and any other resources available, research on world religions and couniries they are highly concentrated. Discuss your findings as a class. ) Multiple choice questions 1. Christianity is not dominant in 2 A. South America B. North America C. North Africa D. Europe 2. Christianity has an estimated population which constitutes of the world population. A. 31.2 percent B. 4 percent Cc. 80 percent D. 17.3 percent 3. Where is Islam mostly found? A. Zimbabwe B. United States C. Asia and North Africa D. Europe 4, _____ isan example of a Muslim country. A. England B. Iran c. Zambia D South Africa 5. What do Indigenous Religion followers believe in? A. Angels B. Ancestral spirits C. Holy trinity D Second coming of Christ(es) Summary * Religion is found throughout the world. * World religions include Christianity, Islam, Indigenous Religion, Hinduism and Buddhism. {Christianity is the largest religion in the world followed by Islam. * Islam is mostly found in Asia and North Africa. * Hinduism is mostly found in India. Glossary Concentrate ~ found in large numbers ina place. Dominant > most common. Primitive ~ backward or belonging to an early stage of civilization, Traditional ~ an inherited pattem of thought or way of doing things. Universalising religions—_ these are religions which seek to convert people throughout the world into their religion id of unit assessment test Multiple choice questions 1. Religion is found _ A. in Africa only B. in Asia only C. in Zimbabwe only D. throughout the world 2. Where is Christianity dominant in Africa? A. Southem Africa B. North-West Africa C. North Africa D. North-East Africa 3. Christianity is dominant in those countries except ee A. Brazil B. Italy Cc. Iran D. Zimbabwe 4. Judaism is the religion of the A. Muslims B. Africans Cc. Jews D. Arabs 5. Judaism is mostly found in which country? A. Egypt B. Kuwait C. Israel D. Namibia 6. Islam is mostly found in which Part of Africa? A. North Africa B. Southern Africa Cc. West Africa D. East Africa 7. A€European country where Islam is the dominant religion is A. Iran B. France C. Turkey D. Sweden \). Buddhism is mostly found in F is a universalising religion. A. Hinduism B. Christianity ¢. Judaism D. Indigenous Religion Why is if difficult to come up with a comect number of followers of Indigenous Religion? A. Itis primitive. B. Many people in Africa mix Indigenous Religion with another religion. C._ Itis not universalising. D. Its teachings are not known. A. Zambia B. China Cc. India D. Ethiopia Structured questions [20] a) Name any three countries where Christianity is the dominant religion. (3) b) Why is Christianity called a universalising religion? (2) a) Islam is mostly found in countries which speak which language? (1) b) Followers of Islam are called Bs (1) c) The world population of followers of Islam is estimated to be . (1) d) What is meant by universalising religion? (2) a) Whats Indigenous Religion? (2) b) Name any three indigenous religious beliefs. (3) a) Hinduism throughout the world is found among communities of people who originated from which country? (1) b) Judaism is estimated to have a population of , (1) c) Judaism is dominant in Arab speaking countries. Is this true or false? (1) d) Write brief notes on Buddhism highlighting where it originated, dominant countries and its estimated population (2)