Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./M.Sc. Mat.hematics Examinations, January 2024
Part ISemester I
MMATH18-101: FIELD THEORY
(Unique Paper Code: 223501101)

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Question 1 is compulsory. Attempt any four questions

from question 2 to question 7. All questions carry equal marks.

(1) (a) Show that every finite extension of a field k is an algebraic ex

tension. [2)
(b) Give an example of a field that is not perfect. Justify. (3]
(c) Define simple extensions. Show that every degree two extension
is simple. 1+2]
(d) Let F be a field with 125 elements. Shòw that char(F) = 5. (3|
(e) Compute the sixth cyclotomic polynomial ; over @. (3)

(2) (a) Let k CFCEbe a tower of finite extensions such that E|k is
a normal extension. Show that any k-homomorphism from F to
E can be extended to a k-automorphism on E. 4
(b) Let F bea field of characteristic p.#0 and f()= P -a ¬ F(.
If f()is not irreducible, then show that f() = (g())P for some
g() ¬ F{).
(c) Let k be a field. Show that the minimal splitting field of the
family of all polynomials over k is an algebraic closure of k. 5]

(3) (a) Let F\k be a normal extension of degree n. Show that there
are exactly n k-homomorphisms from F to F if and only if F is
generated by separable elements over k.
(b) Let E be a field, G be a group of automorphisms of E, and
k= {a E E|o(a) =a for all ¡ EG}. Show that k is a subfield
of Eand (E:k) is finite if and only if G is finite. (6]

(4) (a) Let E\k be a Galois extension with Gal(E|k) = Gand let H,H,
be subgroups of Gsuch that H; = R,H; = Fz. For any o EG
show that o(Fi) = F, if and only of o-1H,o = H,.
 MMATH18-101:Field Theory -2

(b) Show that the nth-cyclotomic polynomial $,(z) is irreducible in

Qe.
(c) Show that the minimal splitting field of ,() and c-1 over
O are same. 2)

(5) (a) Let F be a field andP be the subfield generated by the multi
plicative identity of F. Show that either PQ or P Z, for
some prime p. [5
(b) Let p be a prime number and q =p for some neN. Show that
F,F, is a Galois extension with cyclic Galois group. (5]
(c) For any prime number p, show that r?--a (a# 0) is irreducible
over p: [41

(6) Let F\k be an extension of degree .

(a) Show that F|k is simple if and only if there are only finitely many
subfields of F containing k. Hence or otherwise prove that every
finite separable extension is simple. 5+2]
(b) Let p¬k where p is a primitive nth root of unity. Show that F|k
is a radical extension if and only if it is a cyclic extension.

(7) (a) Let A be a unique factorization domain with field of fractions

K, p be a prime ideal of A, A = A/p, and k is the field of
fractions of A. If f is a monic, separable polynomial over A, f the
corresponding polynomial over A, then show that the group of f
over k is a subgroup of the group of f over K, as a permutation
group of the roots.
(b) Let k be a field. Show that k is a perfect field if and only if every
algebraic extension of k is separable.
Roll No. No. of printed pages 2
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
M.A./M.Sc. Part-I, Semester-1, Examination, January 2024
MMATH18-102: Complex Analysis
UPC223501102

Time: 3 hours. Maximum Marks: 70

Instruction: Attempt any Five questions. Question No.1 is compulsory. Each

question carries 14 marks.
1. (i) Let z2, Z3, Z4 be distinct points of Coo and W2, W3, w are also distinct
points of Coo. Determine a Mobius transformation S such that S(z,) =
Wj, j=2, 3,4. Is such an S unique? Why? (3)
(ii) Let y be the closed polygon (1 - i, 1+ i,-1+i,-1- i,1 -i. Use the
1
method of line integral to evaluate -dz.
(iiüi) Let f : G C be a non-constant analytic function and f(a) =0, a¬
G. Using Identity Theorem or otherwise, show that there is a neighbor
hood N of awhere f(z) #0 for all z E N, z a. 13)
(iv) Let lal < 1. Show that the function p.() = 1-kz maps the unit circle
onto itself. Determine the inverse of a
2dz
(v) Using Residue Theorem determine the integral where y
22- 5z+ 4
is the circle {z: lz=2}
2. (a) Let G be a simply connected region and f: G’C be an analytic
function. Show that f has a primitive in G.
(b) State Schwarz's Lemma. Let f:D ’ D be analytic function and
a¬ D. What is the maximum possible value of f(a)? 2+5]
3. (a) Let z1, 2, Z3, Z4 be four distinct points in Co: Show that the cross-ratio
(Z1,2, 23, z4) is a real number iff all four points lie an a circle.
(b) Evaluate 1+14
de.

4. (a) Show that a differentiable function f:G’Cis analytic. [7

(b) Let i: B(a; R) ’C be an analytic function. Suppose the function
f(2)-f(a) has a zero of order m>0at z = a. Show that there are
positive numbers e and &such that if ¿¬ B¯(a); 6), then the function
f(z) -has exactly m simple roots in B(a; e). (7
5. (a) Suppose a functionf has essential singularity at a and let 8 > 0 be a
number. Show that flann(a; 0,5)] is dense in C.
(b) State the Argument Principle. Let fand g be meromorphic in a neigh
borhood of B(a : R) with no zeros or poles on the circle y = ( :
|z- al = R} and |f(w) +g(w)l <|f(w)| + lg(w)] on the circle y. Show
2

that., Z, -P, = Z, -P, where Z,,Z, (P, P,) are the number of ze
ros(poles) of f and g inside y counted according to their multiplicities.
(2+5]
6. (a) Let a E G be an isolated singularity of the function f: G ’ C.
Show that a is a removable singularity of the function f if and only if
lim(z a)f(z) =0.
(b) Let I: (0, 1] × [0, 1] ’ G be å continuous function which defines the
homotopy between two closed rectifiable curves yo and n in G. Suppose
Thas continuous second partial derivatives. Show that
every function f analytic on G.
7. (a) Let Gbe a bounded open subset of the complex plane and f :G’C
be a continuous function which is analytic in G. Show that mar(|f(2)|:
ze G} = mar{|f(2)|: 2ze OG}. Show by giving an example that the
result fails if G is not bounded. [7
(b) Show that a bounded entire function is constant. Hence or otherwise
prove the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. (3+4]
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
M. SC. MATHEMATICS PART I-SEMESTER I
FINAL EXAMINATION 2023-34 (JANUARY, 2024)
MMATH18- 103 MEASURE AND INTEGRATION
UPC: 223501103

Time: 3 HOURS Maximum Marks: 70

" Attempt five questions in all. " Question No. 1is compulsory. Attempt any four from the
remaining six questions. " All the questions carry equal marks. " All the symbols have their usual
meanings.
(1) (a) Prove that every Borel set measurable. (2)
(b) Let f be defined on (0, 1] by f(r) = -2 if r e Qand f(z) = 2 if z ¢ Q. Find the four
derivatives at any rational point z. (3)
(c) For a measurespace [[X, S, ll and 1 <p < o, define P(X,). Prove that IP(X,p) is
a vector space. (1+2)
(a) Define a measure on a ring R. Give example of a measure which is not o-finite. (with
justification). (3)
(e) If a sequence of measurable functions converges in measure then prove that the limit
function is unique a.e. (3)
(2) (a) For a, bE R, prove that m*((a, b|) =b- a. (6)
(b) Prove that F is absolutely continuous on (a, b) if and only if F is an indefinite integral.
(8)
(3) (a) Let E C R be a measurable set with finite measure. Prove that for every ¬> 0, there
exist disjoint finite closed intervals IË, Iz,...,I, such that m(EA U I) <e. (6)
(b) State and prove Holder's inequality. Deduce that for 1 <p< o,fge P(+), (1+4+3)

(4) (a) If f:R’R is a measurable function then prove that |f| is measurable. Is the converse
true? Justify your answer. (3+2)
(b) Let f be bounded and Lebegue integrable on a finite interval (a, b|. Prove that its
indefinite integral F is differentiable a.e. and F'= f a.e. in (a, b]. (3+6)
(5) (a) Prove that M P(R), where M is the collection of all measurable subsets of R. (7)
(b) Let fn} be a sequence of measurable functions such that fn ’ falnost uniformly.
Prove or disprove: (3+4)
1
 MEASURE AND INTEGRATION
2

(i) fn + f a.e.
(ii) fn funiformly a.e.
b], a, b e R. Prove that f is continuous
(6) (a) Let f be bounded and Riemann integrable on [a, (6)
a.e.

(b) For f e BV[a, b], prove that (3)

() T; =P; + N
(5)
(i) Tfla, b] = T}la, c + Tf[c, ], where a <c<b.
version of Lebesgue's dominated convergence
(7) (a) State and prove the continuous parameter (2+5)
theorem.
non-negative measurable function on X. If
(b) Let [|X,S, u] be a measure space and f be a
(E) = JEf du, prove that is a measure on X, SJ. Further prove that if f då < oo,
u(A) <ó. (3+4)
then fore>0 there exists 8>0 such that o(A) < efor AES and
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./M.Sc. Mathematics End Semester Examinations, Jan. 2024
Part ISemesterI
MMATH18-104: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(UPC: 223501104)
Time: 3 Hour Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: Q.No.1 is compulsory. Attempt any FOUR questions
from Q.No.2 to Q.No.7. "Each question carries 14 marks. All the symbols
have their usual meaning.

(1) (a) State the equivalence between an IVP y= f(u,y), y(o) = yo and (3 Marks)
corresponding integral equation. Write the importance of this equiv
alence.
(b) Find the Green's function for BVP y"+ a'y = 0,y(0) = 0,y(1) =0, (2 Marks)
where a is constant.
(c) Describe the stability analysis of a simple harmonic oscillator mi+ (3 Marks]
ka = 0, where m is the mass, k is spring constant, and z is the
displacement fromn the equilibrium. Also find the equation of the
orbit in the phase plane.
(d) Reduce the three dimensional wave equation into space form using (2 Marks)
suitable transformation.
(e) Show that solution of a Dirichlet problemn is unique if it exists but [4Marks]
for Neumann problem, it is unique up to the addition of a constant.

(2) (a) State and prove the continuity theorem for solution of initial value [6 Marks]
problem = fr,y),y(zo)
(b) Reduce IVP y" =z'+yy +(o),y(0) = 1,y(0) = -3,y(0) = 0 [4 Marks)
into a system of first order equations. Does there exist an unique
solution of this IVP. Explain precisely why or why not
(c) Deduce the adjoint operator, self adjoint operator and Lagrange [4 Marks]
identity for the differential equation L{y) = ao(z)"+a()y +az(r)y =
0.

(3) (a) Show that if g() <0in the interval (T1,2), then any non-trivial [3 Marks]
solution ()of the equation y + q(c)y =0 has at most one zero in
(a1, 2).
(b) Derive the solution of the system Y = A(t)Y + G(t) in an interval [6 Marks)
Isatisfying V(to) = E, for any to E I if Vis a fundamental matrix
of the associated system Y= AY on an interval I.
(c) Find the general solution of the following system by the method of (5 Marks
eigenvalues y = 2y1 + y3; y2 = y2;ys = y)t2y3

(4) (a) Show that the function () = G(r, ¬) f(E) d is asolution of BVP [6 Marks)
L|y] =-f), asrs b, a1y(a) + agy (a) = 0, by(b) + bay' (b) = 0,
where f( )is continuous function on la, b), and G(æ,) is the Green's
function.
(b) Find eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville system 5 Marks
t+(1+ A)y = 0,y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0.
(c) State Helmholtz's Second theorem. [3 Marks]
 MMATH18-104:Differential equations -2

(5) (a) Define Lyapunov function. Show that if Lyapunov function V(X) (7 Marks
exists for a system | = F(X) in a region 2 about origin then origin
is stable.

(b) Define Green's function G(F, ,t-),t>ttor adiffusion equation. (3 Marks]

(c) State and prove the Maximum principle for a harmonic function (4 Marks]
u(z, y).
(6) (a) State Dirichlet problem for upper half plane and find its solution 5 Marks]
using Fourier transform.
(b) Define Green's function for Dirichlet and Neumann problem in a (3 Marks]
volume V enclosed by a surface S.
(c) Find the solution (r, 0,d) of Dirichlet problem Vj = 0, v(a, 0, o) = [6 Marks]
f(0,) in a sphere of radius a.
(7) (a) Deduce the representation formula for solution of V +ky =0 [7 Marks]
in term of the Green function G(F, r) in a volume V enclosed by
surface S when value of yor is prescribed on the surface S.
(b) Show that the solution of diffusion equation = , ( , 0) = [7 Marks]
o(z), -oo <z<o, is given by the Poission integral formula
O(z, t) = d(E)exp{-}dE, where (z) is continuous
and bounded function in (-o0, oo).