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Chap 5 Buckling of Columns 20244

The document discusses the buckling of columns, focusing on critical load and stress, and the behavior of columns under various types of support. It includes examples and calculations related to the critical load a column can support before buckling occurs. The document is part of a course on Mechanics of Materials at UiTM Shah Alam.

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17 views16 pages

Chap 5 Buckling of Columns 20244

The document discusses the buckling of columns, focusing on critical load and stress, and the behavior of columns under various types of support. It includes examples and calculations related to the critical load a column can support before buckling occurs. The document is part of a course on Mechanics of Materials at UiTM Shah Alam.

Uploaded by

AZRI FIRDAUS이광수
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Kolej

Pengajian Kejuruteraan

BUCKLING OF COLUMNS
MEC411 | MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

School of Mechanical Engineering


College of Engineering
UiTM Shah Alam
Outline

Introduction

Critical load and stress

Buckling on Various Types of Support


Examples

Introduction 3/16
Critical Load

• Long slender members subjected to an ax- Pcr P > Pcr


ial compressive force are called columns.
• Lateral deflection is called buckling.
• Maximum axial load a column can support
when on the verge of buckling is called the
critical load, Pcr . Before After

Pcr P > Pcr

Introduction 4/16
YouTube Video

Introduction 5/16
Outline

Introduction

Critical load and stress

Buckling on Various Types of Support


Ideal Column with Pin Supports
• An ideal column is one that is perfectly straight before loading. Load is applied through
the centroid of the cross-section.
• A column will buckle about the principal axis of the cross-section having the least
moment of inertia (the weakest axis).

• Pcr : the maximum axial load


π 2 EI • E : the modulus of elasticity for the material
Pcr = 2
L
• I : least moment of inertia for the column’s cross-sectional
π2E
σcr =  2 area
L
• L : the unsupported length of the column
r
• r : smallest radius of gyration of the column, and
• L/r : slenderness ratio

Critical load and stress 7/16


Example 5.1

The A-36 steel member is to be used as a pin-connected column.


Determine the largest axial load it can support before it either begins
to buckle or the steel yields. (σy = 250 MPa, A = 5890 mm2 , Ix =
45.4 × 106 mm4 , Iy = 15.3 × 106 mm4 )
Solution
• By inspection, buckling will occur about the y–y axis.

π 2 EI π 2 (200 × 109 )(15.3 × 10−6 )


Pcr = = = 1887.6 kN
L2 42
• When fully loaded, the average compressive stress in the column is

σcr = Pcr /A = 1887.6 × 103 /5890 × 10−6 = 320.5 MPa

• Since this stress exceeds the yield stress,

250 × 106 = P/5890 × 10−6 ∴ P = 1472.5 kN Ans.


Critical load and stress 8/16
Example 5.2

Two brass rods used as compression members, each of 3-m effective length, have the
cross sections shown.
a) Determine the wall thickness of the hollow square rod for which the rods have the
same cross-sectional area.
b) Using E = 105 GPa, determine the critical load of each rod.

40 mm

60 mm 60 mm

Critical load and stress 9/16


Example 5.2 (solution)

Same cross-sectional area: The critical load of each rod


π 2
(do − di2 ) = bo2 − bi2 for circular
4
π π π 2 EI
bi2 = bo2 − (do2 − di2 ) = 602 − (602 − 402 ) Pcr =
4 4 L2
bi = 45.047 mm2 π 2 (105 × 109 )(510.5 × 10−9 )
=
1 32
∴ t = bo − bi = 7.48 mm Ans.
2 = 58.8 kN Ans.
Calculation of moment of inertia: for square
π 4
Icircle = d − di4 = 510 × 10−9 m4 π 2 EI
64 o Pcr =
L2
1 4
Isquare = b − bi4 = 736.85 × 10−9 m4 π 2 (105 × 109 )(736.85 × 10−9 )
12 o =
32
= 84.8 kN Ans.

Critical load and stress 10/16


Outline

Introduction

Critical load and stress

Buckling on Various Types of Support


Columns Having Various Types of Supports
• Euler is used to determine the critical load provided L represents the distance between
the zero-moment points.
• It is called the column’s effective length, Le .
• A dimensionless coefficient K, effective-length factor, is used to calculate Le using

Le = KL

• Thus we have,
π 2 EI
Pcr =
(KL)2
π2E
σcr =  2 ; KL/r = slenderness ratio
KL
r

Buckling on Various Types of Support 12/16


Columns Having Various Types of Supports

Buckling on Various Types of Support 13/16


Example 5.3
The aluminium column is fixed at its bottom and is braced at its top by cables so as to
prevent movement at the top along the x-axis. If it is assumed to be fixed at its base,
determine the largest allowable load P that can be applied. Use a factor of safety for
buckling of F.S = 3.0. Take Eal = 70 GPa, σy = 215 GPa, A = 7.5 × 10−3 m2 , Ix =
61.3 × 10−6 m4 , Iy = 23.2 × 10−6 m4 .

Buckling on Various Types of Support 14/16


Example 5.2 (solution)

• For x–x axis buckling: • The critical loads for each case are;

K = 2; (KL)x = 2(5) = 10 m π 2 EI
Pcr ,x = = 424 kN
(KL)2x
• For y-y axis buckling:
π 2 EI
Pcr ,y = = 1.31 MN
K = 0.7; (KL)y = 0.7(5) = 3.5 m (KL)2y

• The allowable load and critical stress are;


Pcr 424
Pall = = = 141 kN
F .S 3
Pcr
σcr =
A
424
=
7.5 × 10−3
= 56.5 MPa < 215 MPa

Buckling on Various Types of Support 15/16


The End

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