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KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½:

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†gv: byi Bmjvg wUcy

 RMbœv_ wek^we`¨vjq
MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½:

†mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿv

†Kv‡m©i bvg: gvVKg©

†Kvm© †KvW: Ggwm‡R-5105
gv÷vm©, 1g †mwg÷vi

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gv÷vm©, 1g †mwg÷vi
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 e¨w³MZ Z_¨
Avwg †gv: byi Bmjvg wUcy| RMbœv_ wek^we`¨vj‡qi MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefv‡Mi GgGmGm cÖ_g
†mwg÷v‡ii 2020-2021 wkÿve‡l©i GKRb wbqwgZ wkÿv_x©| Avgvi †ivj: Gg-200406042|
GgGmGm cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡ii Avek¨Kxq †Kvm© wn‡m‡e Avwg gvVK‡g©i cÖwZ‡e`bwU m¤úv`b K‡iwQ| Avgvi
gvVK‡g©i wk‡ivbvg ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici
GKwU mgxÿvÕ| gvVK‡g©i welqwU Avgv‡`i wefvM †_‡K wba©viY K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
GB gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni wbwg‡Ë MZ 05 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2022 Bs Zvwi‡L wba©vwiZ MvBevÜv
†Rjvi AšÍM©Z my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi †mvbvivq BDwbq‡b hvB| †mLv‡b GK mßvn Ae¯’vb K‡i m‡iRwg‡b
ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwi`k©b I DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i †_‡K gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn
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e¨vcKfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e|

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 m~wPcÎ
welq c„ôv
• K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi ............................................. 01
• e¨w³MZ Z_¨ ............................................. 02
• m~wPcÎ ............................................. 03
• mvims‡ÿc ............................................. 06
• cÖ_g Aa¨vq ............................................. 09
o f‚wgKv ............................................. 09
o gvVKg© wel‡qi weeiY ............................................. 10
o gvVK‡g©i †cÖÿvcU ............................................. 11
o gvVK‡g©i †hŠw³KZv ............................................. 12
o gvVK‡g©i D‡Ïk¨ ............................................. 13
o gvVK‡g©i ¯’vb wbe©vPb ............................................. 13
o gvVK‡g©i cÖkœ ............................................. 14
o c~ev©bygvb ............................................. 14
o gvVK‡g© e¨eüZ cÖZ¨qmg~‡ni msÁv ............................................. 14
▪ KwgDwbwU
▪ wK¬wbK
▪ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
▪ ‡mvbvivq BDwbqbevmx
▪ `„wófw½
▪ mgxÿv
o gvVK‡g©i mxgve×Zv ............................................. 16
• wØZxq Aa¨vq: mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv ............................................. 17
o cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv ............................................. 17
• Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK .................................. 21
o cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ‡cÖÿvcU ............................................. 21
▪ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi P¨v‡jÄ
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cUf‚wg ............................................. 25
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ ............................................. 26
o ‡mev`vZv I †mevMÖn‡Yi mgq ............................................. 27
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q †mevmg~n ............................................. 27
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mieivnK…Z Jl‡ai ZvwjKv .................................. 29
• PZz_© Aa¨vq: c×wZ ............................................. 31

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 o mgxÿvi Kg©c×wZ ............................................. 31
o cwigvYMZ mgxÿvi bgybvqb ............................................. 31
▪ mgxÿvi bgybv GjvKv
▪ mvgvwRK Rwic
o mgxÿvi ¸YMZ ch©v‡jvPbv c×wZ ............................................. 32
▪ MfxiZi mvÿvrKvi
▪ `jxq Av‡jvPbv
▪ ‡Km ÷vwW
▪ ch©‡eÿY
o Z_¨ GKÎxKiY I we‡kølY ............................................. 34
• cÂg Aa¨vq: Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb I we‡kølY ............................................. 35
• cwigvYMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g Rwi‡ci djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY ....................... 35
o Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix bgybv DËi`vZv‡`i ˆewkó¨ ................................. 35
o ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡PZbZv ........... 36
o mvaviY †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq me©cÖ_g gv_vq Avmv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôvb ... 37
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q aviYv ............................................. 38
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖvß †mev ............................................. 39
o Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡`q †mev ............................................. 39
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi e¨vwß ............................................. 40
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ ............................................. 42
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q mš‘wói gvÎv .................................. 42
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Jl‡ai cÖvc¨Zv .................................. 43
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q Jl‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv .................................. 44
o miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev ....................... 45
o mgqm~Px †g‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev ............................................. 45
o ‡mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i Dcw¯’wZ ............................................. 46
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z †mev`vb wM‡q AwfÁZv ....................... 46
o ‡mevcÖ`vbKvixi e¨envi ............................................. 47
o ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ............................................. 48
o ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© Ab¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôvb .......... 48
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi g~j¨vqY ............................................. 50
o †mevi gvb I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„wׇZ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿcmg~n ....................... 50
• ¸YMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z‡_¨i djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY ....................... 52
o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvix wmGBPwmwci mvÿvrKvi....................... 52
o ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki mvÿvrKvi ............................................. 56

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 o wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbvi djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY ....................... 58
o cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv ............................................. 61
o m‡iRwg‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwi`k©b I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi djvdj we‡kølY ........ 64
• lô Aa¨vq: ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqY ............................................. 66
o gvVKg© ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqY ............................................. 66
o mycvwikgvjv ............................................. 67
• mßg Aa¨vq: Dcmsnvi ............................................. 70
• Z_¨m~Î ............................................. 71
• cwiwkó ............................................. 73

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 mvims‡ÿc
ejv nq, ¯^v¯’¨B mKj my‡Li g~j| Rxe‡b †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ gvby‡li †hme †gŠwjK AwaKvi i‡q‡Q, Zvi
g‡a¨ wPwKrmv Ab¨Zg| Avi †mB ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e iv‡óªi mKj bvMwi‡Ki ¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvi wbwðZ
Kivi `vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡e bvMwi‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mmev msµvšÍ m‡PZbUv m„wó‡Z bvbv D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i ivóª| ¯^v¯’¨
msµvšÍ Gme D‡`¨v‡Mi g‡a¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Ab¨Zg| MÖvgxY `wi`ª I myweavewÂZ bvMwiK‡`i
†`vi‡Mvovq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi j‡ÿ¨ 1998 mv‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv nq| eZ©gv‡b
†`‡k 13,881 wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡”Q| Z‡e †h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK hvÎv
ïiæ K‡iwQj, Zv Av‡`Š c~iY n‡”Q wKbv, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© RbM‡YiB ev aviYv wK-
Gme welq Zz‡j Avbvi Rb¨B ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq
BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ- gvVKg©wU m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|
GB gvVKg©wU m¤úv`v‡bi Rb¨ D‡Ïk¨g~jK bgybvq‡bi (Purposive Sampling) gva¨‡g ejivg
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wK¬wbKwU evsjv‡`‡ki D‡Ëie‡½i MvBevÜvi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z
my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi 2 bs †mvbvivq BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| wK¬wbKwU ¯’vwcZ nq 1998 mv‡j| g„Z AvwRi DwÏb
bv‡gi GK `vZvi `vb Kiv 5 kZvsk Rwgi Ici `vuwo‡q Av‡Q wK¬wbKwU| GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
m¤ú‡K© m¤úvw`Z gvVKg©wU cwigvYMZ I ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgxÿvi cÖavb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡kœi
DËi †c‡Z cwigvYMZ c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z wM‡q mvgvwRK Rwic (Social Survey) Kiv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨
128 Rb DcKvi‡fvMx‡K bgybvqb wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b cyiæ‡li msL¨v 54 Rb Ges evwK
74 Rb wQ‡jb gwnjv| GQvov Z‡_¨i ¸YMZ gvb hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevcÖ`vbKvix
wmGBPwmwc Ges ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrmK I Jla we‡µZvi m‡½ MfxiZi mvÿvrKv‡ii (In-depth
Interview) mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q| GKB m‡½ bgybv KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ch©‡eÿY (Observation),
cvuPwU ‡Km ÷vwW (Case Study) I wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv (Focus Group Discussion) we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g Z‡_¨i ¸YMZ gvb hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mgxÿvq D‡V Av‡m, bgybvi mK‡jB (100%) KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© AeMZ| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I civgk© †`Iqv nq, GwUI Rv‡bb 73 kZvsk DKvi‡fvMx| Z‡e 18% Rvwb‡q‡Qb,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †Zgb †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqv hvq bv| DcKvi‡fvMxiv AšÍZ GKevi n‡jI KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b wK ai‡bi †mev cvIqv hvq, Ggb cÖ‡kœ 94% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mvaviY †ivM Z_v
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cvIqv hvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K| GQvov 73% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk© cvIqv hvq GLv‡b| beRvK‡Zi wUKv `vb I civgk© cÖvwßi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb
76% DcKvi‡fvMx| GQvov †ivM RwUj n‡j †Rjv I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi nvmcvZv‡j †idvi Kiv nq e‡jI
Rvwb‡q‡Qb 14% bgybv| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K cwievi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K©I civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq e‡j
Rvwb‡q‡Qb 33% DcKvi‡fvMx| Rwi‡c Ask ‡bIqv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB (100%) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
‡mev †c‡Z Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv ai‡bi UvKv w`‡Z nqwb|
Z‡e AevK Kiv welq n‡jv, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv m‡Ë¡I cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq cÖ_‡gB
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi wPšÍv K‡ib wKsev hvb gvÎ 42 fvM gvbyl| Ab¨w`‡K bgybvi 39% Rvwb‡q‡Qb,
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq Zviv ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b hvb| GQvov cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q hvb 11%
Ges evwK 8% Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· hvb| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡q LyeB mš‘ó 30%, mš‘ó bb
17% Ges A‡a©K DcKvi‡fvMx (50%) Rvbvb, Zviv †gvUvgywU mš‘ó| Z‡e wK¬wb‡K hvivB †M‡Qb wKsev
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†mev †c‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i 84% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h Jla cvIqv hvq, †mB Jla ¸‡jv Lye
fv‡jv KvR K‡i|
wK¬wb‡Ki †mev m¤ú‡K© aviYv, Jl‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© Ggb aviYv _vKvi c‡iI cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi
Rb¨ Kg msL¨vK (42%) gvbylB cÖ_‡gB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hv‡”Qb| Gi †cQ‡bi KviY LyuR‡Z wM‡q
mgxÿvq D‡V Av‡m, 55% bgybv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zviv wK¬wb‡K wM‡q Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vß Jla cvbwb|
ïµevi I miKvwi QzwUi w`b ev‡` Ab¨vb¨ me w`b wK¬wbK †Lvjv _vKvi wbqg _vK‡jI kZKiv 50 fvM
gvbyl Rvbvb, wK¬wbK †Kv‡bv AvMvg †bvwUk QvovB gv‡S g‡a¨ eÜ _v‡K| wK¬wb‡K mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj
3Uv ch©šÍ †mev Kvh©µg Pvjv‡bvi wbqg _vK‡jI 64% DcKvi‡fvMx Rvwb‡q‡Qb, wK¬wbKwU wba©vwiZ
mgqm~Px †g‡b P‡j bv| 11% bgybv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zviv wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z wM‡q AcÖZ¨vwkZ AwfÁZvi
wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| A_©vr KZ©e¨iZ ‡mevcÖ`vbKvix Zv‡`i mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bbwb, Ges JlabI cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Z‡e 48% †mevMÖnxZv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i mgm¨vi K_v ïb‡jI Zviv ch©vß cwigvY Jla cvbwb
wK¬wbK †_‡K| Avevi 16% gvbyl Rvwb‡q‡Qb, †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi fv‡jv bq, 23% Rvwb‡q‡Qb
Zv‡`i e¨envi †gvUvgywU gv‡bi, evwK 61 fvM gvbyl Rvwb‡q‡Qb, ‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi LyeB fv‡jv|
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi cvkvcvwk ¸iæZi mgm¨vqI 22% cÖ_‡g KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb| Zv‡`i g‡Z, †mLv‡b
wPwKrmv bv ‡c‡jI civgk© cvIqv hvq| evwK 78%B RwUj mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki K_v wPšÍvI K‡ib
bv| RwUj mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K bv hvIqv gvbyl‡`i kZKiv 37 fvM cÖ_‡g Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡·
hvb, 16% †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j Ges 11% †emiKvwi wK¬wbK A_ev nvmcvZv‡ji kiYvcbœ nb|
AevK Kiv welq n‡jv, RwUj mgm¨v‡ZI 36% gvbyl ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai ‡`vKvb wKsev cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q
hvb|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`vbKvix wmGBPwmwci m‡½ mvÿvrKv‡i D‡V Av‡m, ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
n‡Z cÖwZw`b M‡o 45 †_‡K 50 Rb †mev MÖnY K‡i| Jl‡ai ¯^íZv Ges wK¬wb‡Ki bvbv m¼‡Ui K_v D‡V
Av‡m Zvi K_vq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z ch©vß emvi e¨e¯’v †bB| wK¬wb‡Ki †h Ae¯’vb, Zvi Av‡k cv‡ki
iv¯Ív¸‡jv gvwUi ˆZwi| d‡j †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µ‡g GKwU eo AšÍivq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv miÄv‡giI NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| 29 ai‡bi Jla mieivn _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI wK¬wb‡K gvÎ
7 ai‡bi Jla ch©vß cwigv‡Y mieivn i‡q‡Q| d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixivI ch©vß Jla
w`‡Z cv‡ib bv †mevMÖnxZv‡`i| Avevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z we`¨gvb wZbwU c‡`i cwievi cwiKíbv
mnKvix c`wU `xN©w`b a‡iB k~b¨ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki mvÿvrKvi †_‡K Rvbv hvq, wZwb
¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖwkÿY bv wb‡qB ¯’vbxq gvby‡li †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb| Jla we‡µZv †_‡KB
g~jZ cjøx wPwKrmK e‡b †M‡Qb wZwb| GQvov wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ges cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW‡Z D‡V Av‡m,
wK¬wb‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wmGBPwmwc ¯^RbcÖxwZ K‡ib| cwiwPZ gyL Qvov ch©vß Jla w`‡Z Pvb
bv| A‡bK mgq Jla _vKvi c‡iI Ab¨ Av‡iKw`b Avm‡Z e‡jb| GQvov ¯^v¯’¨mnKvix mßv‡n wZbw`b
wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`v‡bi K_v _vK‡jI wZwb gv‡a¨ g‡a¨B wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb bv| Avevi, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K
†mev wb‡Z †M‡j A‡bKmgqB †mevcÖv_x©iv ‡mLv‡b Kg©iZ‡`i `ye©¨env‡ii wkKvi nb| G‡Z Zviv fwel¨‡Z
†mev wb‡Z Abxnv †eva K‡ib| G‡ZI wK¬wb‡Ki †mev Kvh©µg e¨nZ n‡”Q|
Z‡e KwggDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki A‡bK BwZevPK w`I D‡V G‡m‡Q mgxÿvq| Rwi‡c Ask †bIqv cÖvq 80 kZvsk
gvbyl Zv‡`i GjvKvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK _vKvi e¨vcv‡i BwZevPK gšÍe¨ K‡ib| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i 94%
Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡cŠu‡Q w`‡Z mÿg

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n‡q‡Q| GQvov beRvZ‡Ki wUKv cÖ`vb Ges Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I †mev cÖ`v‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv f‚wgKv ivL‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib cÖvq wZb-PZz_©vsk †mevMÖnxZ|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb I cwimi AviI e„w×i Rb¨ bvbvwea civgk© D‡V Av‡m mgxÿvq| mßv‡n
AšÍZ GKw`b ‡Kv‡bv GgweweGm Wv³v‡ii gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kiv, wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvixi msL¨v I
Zv‡`i `ÿZv e„w× Kiv, wK¬wb‡K ch©vß wPwKrmiv miÄvg mieivn Kiv, wK¬wb‡K emvi e¨e¯’v Kiv,
wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb mieivn Kiv, gv‡S g‡a¨ ¯^v¯’¨ †mev welqK K¨v‡¤úB‡bi
Av‡qvRb Kiv BZ¨vw`| GQvov wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi mgq-mxgv evov‡bvi welqwU we‡klfv‡e D‡V Av‡m| †Kbbv,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †Lvjv ivLvi †h mgqm~Px (mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv), GB mg‡q MÖvgv‡ji
AwaKvsk Kg©Rxex gvbyl Zv‡`i wbR wbR Kg©¯’‡j _v‡K| ZvB A‡b‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI mgq-m~wPi M¨vivK‡j
wK¬wbK †_‡K †mev wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| d‡j bv PvB‡jI eva¨ n‡q ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKvb †_‡K †mev wb‡Z nq
Zv‡`i| ZvB mgqm~wP msµvšÍ RwUjZv wbim‡i `ªæZ D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi civgk© †`b Zviv|
GB gvVKg©wU GKv‡WwgK D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nIqvq wbw`©ó mg‡qi eva¨evaKZv wQj| mg‡qi ¯^íZv GB
gvVK‡g©i cÖavb mxgve×Zv| GQvov GKwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© AšÍZ GKwU BDwbq‡bi me¸‡jv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’‡mev m¤ú‡K© aviYvi mgxÿv Kiv m¤¢e n‡j djvdj AviI mwVK e‡j we‡ewPZ
n‡Zv| wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq I A_© m¼‡U Zv m¤¢e nqwb|

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 cÖ_g Aa¨vq
➢ f‚wgKv:
Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wk¶v I wPwKrmv- GB cvuPwU gvby‡li ‡gŠwjK Pvwn`v| mgv‡R ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ D‡jøwLZ
welq¸‡jv Acwinvh©| mgvR Rxe‡bi me Avb›`‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i mymv¯’¨ _vKv Avek¨K| Amy¯’Zv
Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi me Avb›` bó K‡i ‡`q| ZvB Rxe‡bi me Avb›`‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ my¯^v¯’¨ Kvgbv Kiv
Avgv‡`i ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi| wPwKrmv Ae‡njv ev wPwKrmv ‡c‡Z wej¤^ nIqv GKwU cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q KZUv
hš¿Yv`vqK Zv ïay Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i ¯^Rbnviv cwievi¸‡jv| K‡ivbvKvjxb mgq wPwKrmv bv cvIqv
cwi¸‡jvi nvnvKvi Avgiv ‡`‡LwQ| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wPwKrmv e¨e¯’vi fqven Awbq‡gi wPÎI Avgiv †`LwQ|
gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e iv‡ó«i mKj bvMwi‡Ki ¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ iv‡ó«i|
bvMwi‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ †mev msµvšÍ m‡PZbZv m„wó‡ZI D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i miKvi| mvaviYfv‡e GKUv ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’v
ej‡Z e„nËi A‡_© gvby‡li kvwiixK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK my¯’Zv wbwðZ Kivi e¨e¯’v‡K †evSvq| GKUv
†`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi m¶gZv wba©vwiZ nq Zvi ‰Re-¯^v¯’¨, Rxebhvcb I Av_©-mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi Øviv| Z‡e
¯^v¯’¨ †mevi gv‡bi DbœqbI gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’¨i Ae¯’vi DbœwZ‡Z BvZevPK cÖfve ‡i‡L ¯^v‡¯’¨i DbœwZ NUv‡Z
cv‡i| wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v GB ¯^v¯’¨ ‡meviB GKUv Ask| Avevi ‡Kvb ‡Kvb RvqMvq ‡`Lv hvq, Am‡PZbZv;
¯^v¯’¨ cwi‡mev ‡_‡K `~iZ¡, h_vh_ ‡mev bv cvIqv, ‡mevi AcÖZyjZv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y mvaviY gvbyl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
wefvM n‡Z ‡mev MÖnY Ki‡Z Awb”QyK _v‡K| Avevi GgbI ‡`Lv hvq, ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø·¸‡jv `xN©w`b a‡i
ms®‹v‡ii Afv‡e RxY©kxY© Ae¯’vq c‡o i‡q‡Q| A‡bK‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq, Dchy³ cwi‡ek Ges ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x I
Wv³vi‡`i AcÖZyjZvi Afv‡e MÖv‡g M‡Ä ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi cwi‡ek cÖwZwbqZ cÖwZK‚‡j P‡j hv‡”Q| K‡ivbv
evsjv‡`‡k AvNvZ nvbvi d‡j ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi fO&¸i wPÎ Ges `yb©xwZi e¨vcKZv wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li Rvbvi
my‡hvM n‡q‡Q wek`fv‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ welqK †h‡Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ n‡q _v‡K wPwKrmv w`‡q, Avevi †klI nq
ZvB w`‡q| wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v Aek¨B ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Z‡e Zvi‡P‡qI †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cvIqvi K_v cÖwZ‡ivag~jK
e¨e¯’v| me ai‡bi cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v I ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi e¨e¯’v m‡Ë¡I †KD †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j Zv †_‡K
DËi‡Yi c_ wn‡m‡e wPwKrmv e¨e¯’vi kiYvcbœ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mwU Avmvi K_v cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v e¨_© n‡q
hvevi ci cieZx© KiYxq wn‡m‡e| ¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q Avgv‡`i GB ‡h LwÛZ aviYv ‰Zwi Kiv nq, Zvi mv‡_ hy³
GKUv wekvj evwYR¨| Ilya ‡Kv¤úvwb, wewfbœ Wv³vix hš¿cvwZ ‡Kv¤úvwb, WvqvMbw÷K ‡m›Uvi, nvmcvZv‡ji
e¨emv Av‡Q GB aviYvi ‡cQ‡b| GK K_vq ‡MvUv AvaywbK wPwKrmv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_B gybvdvi cÖkœUv hy³|
wecix‡Z wb‡ivM _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwi‡e‡ki wbðqZv ‰Zwi Kiv, wKsev ‡fRvj- welgy³ Lv‡`¨i
wbðqZv ‰Zwii mv‡_ hy³ gybvdvi n«vm| d‡j Avgv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ Avi wPwKrmv GK K‡i ‡djvi ‡fZ‡i GKUv
gybvdvi ¯^v_© hy³ Av‡Q|
¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv‡K GK K‡i ‡djvi †kKo ‡h KZUv Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z ‡mUv ‡evSv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi
15 (K) avivq, ¯^v¯’¨ bq eis wPwKrmv‡K †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ `v‡bi ‡fZi w`‡q| GgbwK 18
avivq Rb¯^v¯’¨ welqK Av‡jvPbvqI cywó I gv`K wbqš¿Y Qvov Ab¨ welq‡K we‡ePbvq ‡bqv nqwb| A_P
Avgv‡`i bRi ‡`qv `iKvi gvby‡li ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv M‡o ‡Zvjvq| Rxebhvcb I Lv`¨vfv‡mi gva¨‡g
kix‡ii ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„wׇZ g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv| ‡hme ‡iv‡Mi wUKv cixw¶Z I wbivc` ‡mme
wUKv‡K mve©Rbxb AwaKv‡i cwiYZ Kivi gva¨‡gI ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w×|

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Avevi, GKwU †`‡ki mvgwMÖK Dbœ‡qi Rb¨ MÖvg I kni Dfq w`‡K mgvbfv‡e bRi †`Iqv Riæwi|
bMivq‡bi d‡j mviv we‡k^i Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki g‡Zv evsjv‡`kI GKB ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
hv‡”Q| MÖv‡g Kv‡Ri Afve, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b, cÖvK…wZK `y‡hvM©mn wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
mgm¨v Avi Ab¨w`‡K kn‡i bvbvgyLx Kv‡Ri my‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y gvbyl †mLv‡b cvwo †`q| ¯^vaxbZvi cici
†`‡ki gvÎ 5 kZvsk gvbyl kn‡i evm Ki‡Zv, GLb Zv †e‡o `vuwo‡q‡Q 31.51 kZvs‡k| ‡`‡ki e„nr
GKUv Rb‡Mvôx (68.49%) GL‡bv MÖv‡gB evm K‡i| Z‡e MÖvg I bM‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ m~PK¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡j
M‡o †`Lv hv‡e, kn‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ewk wcwQ‡q MÖvg¸‡jvi Ae¯’v|
MÖvgxY I Ae‡nwjZ e„nr Rb‡Mvôxi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Ki‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
Awa`ßi I cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`߇ii gva¨‡g MÖvgv‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK, BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª,
Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø· †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Rjv ch©v‡qi nvmcvZvj I †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcZvj ¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b g~jZ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K av‡c av‡c †idv‡ij c×wZ‡Z †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j
†mev cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¸‡jv cÖwZw`b mKvj bqUv †_‡K weKvj wZbUv
ch©šÍ †Lvjv _v‡K| GQvov ïµevi Ges Ab¨vb¨ mivKwi QzwUi w`‡b †mev eÜ _v‡K Gme wK¬wb‡Ki|
AvBwmwWwWAviwei GK M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, `wi`ª gvby‡li eo GKwU Ask Gme KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K
†mev wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| mܨvq ev QzwUi w`‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK eÜ _vKvi welqwU KviY wn‡m‡e †mLv‡b D‡V
Av‡m| M‡elYvq AviI D‡V Av‡m, †QvULvU ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ `wi`ª MÖvgevmxi cÖ_g cQ›` KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv
dv‡g©mx ev Jl‡ai †`vKvb| evsjv‡`‡ki wPwKrmv e¨‡qi kZKiv 67 fvM A_© e¨w³ wbR¯^ LvZ †_‡KB
LiP K‡iI e‡j D‡V Av‡m M‡elYvwU‡Z| A_P MÖvgxY I cÖZ¨šÍ A‡ji gvby‡li webvg~‡j¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
wbwðZ Ki‡ZB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj|
ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ-
gvVK‡g© KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q IB A‡ji gvby‡li `„wófw½ Zz‡j aivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A_v©r KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki DcKvi‡fvMx gvby‡liv †mB wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© wK fve‡Q, Zv‡`i ‡mB aviYvi
†cQ‡bi KviYUv wK, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU Avm‡jB Zvi jÿ¨ c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv, gvbyl cÖv_wgK
¯^v¯’¨‡mev KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici fimv ivL‡Z cv‡”Q wK bv- Gme welqB D‡V G‡m‡Q GB gvVK‡g©| hvi
‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv m¤^‡Ü ‡gvUvgywU GKwU aviYv cvIqv mnRZi n‡e|

➢ gvVKg© wel‡qi weeiY:

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨LvZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv DV‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K ev` w`‡q †mB Av‡jvPbv c~Y©Zv cvq bv|
¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K MZ 50 eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvd‡j¨i †cQ‡b ‡h K‡qwKU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
D™¢veb I D‡`¨vM i‡q‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Ab¨Zg| Rb¯^v¯’¨we`‡`i g‡Z, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z wecøe NwU‡q‡Q| GgbwK KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mvdj¨Mvu_v wb‡q wek^ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v GKwU
cyw¯ÍKv †ei K‡i‡Q| †mB cyw¯‘Kvi bvg ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wbK: †nj_ †ifjy¨kb Bb evsjv‡`kÕ (cÖ_g Av‡jv;
26 †g 2021)| mviv evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i N‡ii †`vi‡Mvovq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GB
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k 13,881 wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy Av‡Q|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv †h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj, ‡mB D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b wKfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q ev
Av‡`Š D‡Ïk¨ c~iY n‡”Q wK bv, we‡kl K‡i hv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ¯’vcb

10 | P a g e
Kiv n‡qwQj, wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i `„wófw½ ev aviYv †Kgb- Zv Rvbv AZxe Riæix| Avi Gme welq
Rvbvi Rb¨B ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU
mgxÿvÕ- gvVKg©wU m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|

➢ gvVK‡g©i †cÖÿvcU:
MZ cvuP `k‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Lv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki BwZevPK AR©b i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ, evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Mo Avqy
†e‡o‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ ci A_©vr mËi `k‡K G †`‡ki bvix-cyiæ‡li Mo Avqy wQj gvÎ 52 eQi|
cvuP `kK ci GB Mo Avqy cÖvq 20 eQi †e‡o‡Q| GB Mo Avqy GLb 72 eQi| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb
ey¨‡iviv (weweGm) Z_¨vbyhvqx Mo Avqy evovi †cQ‡b †h KviY¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jv wkï I
gvZ…g„Zy¨nvi n«vm, evj¨weev‡ni cÖeYZv K‡g hvIqv, ¯^v¯’¨ †mev I wkÿv MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM e„w×mn wewfbœ
mvgvwRK m~P‡Ki AMÖMwZ (ewYK evZ©v; 10 b‡f¤^i 2020)|
evsjv‡`‡k MZ K‡qK `k‡K cÖmeKvjxb gvZ…g„Zz¨i nvi I wkïg„Zz¨i nvi A‡bK K‡g G‡m‡Q| †hgb 1990
mv‡j gvZ…g„Zy¨i nvi wQj cÖwZ GK jvL cÖm~wZ bvixi wecix‡Z 534 Rb, hv 2017 mv‡j 173 R‡b †b‡g
G‡m‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K wkï gyZz¨i nvi 1971 mv‡j wQj kZKiv 9.4 fvM, hv 2019 mv‡j K‡g G‡m‡Q kZKiv
1.9 fv‡M| GB gvZ…g„Zz¨i nvi I wkï g„Zz¨i nvi Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ avÎx we`¨vq cvi`kx© gvVKgx©iv wewfbœ
Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª I KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki gva¨‡g KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Gme ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª I wK¬wbK †_‡K 15-
45 eQ‡ii gwnjv‡`i cvuPwU †WvR m¤^wjZ wU‡Ubvm wUKv †`Iqv nq, hv‡Z Zviv gvZ…Kvjxb msµgY †_‡K
myiwÿZ _v‡K|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I civg‡k©i gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨wewa wel‡q m‡PZbZv M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i hv‡”Q| GwU ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z eo GKwU AR©b n‡jI G Lv‡Z AmsMwZI Kg bq| GKUz Mfx‡i
ZvKv‡jB Zv ¯úó †evSv hvq| ‡`‡ki mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi w`‡K bRi w`‡j †`Lv hvq weMZ cvuP `k‡Ki
MÖvgwfwËK ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi Ae¯’vb| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 17 ‡KvwU gvby‡li GK-Z…Zxqvsk (31.51%)
kn‡i evm K‡i, A_©vr ‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi ‡ewki fvM RbMY GL‡bv MÖvg‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q| wKš‘
‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’vcbvi AvaywbKvq‡bi AwaKvskB kni‡Kw›`ªK| d‡j wPwKrmvi Rb¨ gvbyl Qy‡U Avm‡Q
‡g‡U«vcwjUb kn‡i Ges ‡ivMxi Pvc mvgjv‡Z bv‡Rnvj Ae¯’vq co‡Q kn‡ii nvmcvZvj¸‡jv| ‡m›Uvi di
wimvP© A¨vÛ Bbdi‡gk‡bi (wmAviAvB) Z_¨ Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b (2019-20 mvj) evsjv‡`‡k ‡gvU miKvwi
nvmcvZv‡ji msL¨v 600wU| Gi g‡a¨ 482wU cÖv_wgK ‡mev nvmcvZvj i‡q‡Q Dc‡Rjv‡Kw›`ªK| cÖvq 65wU
‡m‡KÛvwi nvmcvZvj i‡q‡Q ‡Rjv‡Kw›`ªK Ges 15wU we‡klvwqZ nvmcvZvj i‡q‡Q ‡hLv‡b we‡kl wPwKrmv
‡mev (‡hgb ü`‡ivM, e¶e¨vwa, msµgK ‡ivM BZ¨vw`) ‡`qv nq| GQvov miKvwifv‡e cÖvBgvwi Ges wkï
I gvZ…Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ cÖvq 14 nvRvi (13,881) KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wK¬wbK cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖwkÿY cÖvß GKRb KwgDwbwU ‡nj_ †Kqvi ‡cÖvfvBWvi
(wmGBPwmwc), GKRb ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix (GBPG) Ges GKRb cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvix (GdWweøDG) mßv‡n
Qqw`b ¯^v¯’¨‡mev w`‡q hv‡”Qb|
wKš‘ cÖkœ n‡jv GZ msL¨K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡K›`ª, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Ges m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK _vKv m‡Ë¡I MÖvgv‡ji
gvbyl eo kni¸‡jv‡Z wPwKrmv ‡mev ‡bqvi Rb¨ Qy‡U Avm‡Q ‡Kb? Gi DËi ‡c‡Z n‡j MÖvgv‡j
emevmKvix gvbyl‡`i ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvbv Riæix| we‡kl K‡i KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wb‡q Zviv wK

11 | P a g e
fve‡Q, †mLv‡b †Kb hv‡”Q ev hv‡”Q bv, †mev MÖn‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î Zviv †Kv_vq hv‡”Q- Zv Rvbv †M‡j cÖ‡kœi DËi
wKQzUv AvuP Kiv hv‡e| ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi
Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ- gvVK‡g© g~jZ GB welqwU Zz‡j Avbvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

➢ gvVK‡g©i †hŠw³KZv:
Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvbylRb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ej‡Z †Kej gvÎ wPwKrmv cieZx© †mev‡K †ev‡S|
A_P GwU ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi GKwU Ask gvÎ| wPwKrmK‡`i g‡Z, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AviI GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask Ry‡o
i‡q‡Q ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvcb ev cÖwZ‡ivag~jK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’v| evsjv‡`‡k †hLv‡b RbmsL¨vi wn‡m‡e
wPwKrmv †mev mxwgZ, †mLv‡b cÖwZ‡ivagyjK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi welqwU GLbI KvR‡M Kj‡g Av‡Q ej‡jI Lye
†ewk fzj n‡e bv| we‡kl Kiv MÖvgv‡ji †ÿ‡Î GwU †PvL eÜ K‡iB ejv hvq| ‡mLv‡b emevmKvix
AwaKvs‡ki g‡ZB, ¯^v¯’‡mev ej‡Z ïaygvÎ Amy¯’ nIqvi ci wPwKrmv †bIqv Ges Jla LvIqv‡KB †evSvq|
A_P Amy¯’Zv †VKv‡Z myiÿvg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv ev cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evov‡bvi wel‡q gv_ve¨_v ‡bB
Zv‡`i| ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ wbqwgZ ¯^v¯’¨ cixÿv, cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vKv, cywóKi-mylg Lvevi
LvIqv, `ylYnxY cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv- GB welq¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb| A_P G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©I D`vmxb MÖvgv‡ji
gvby‡liv|
hy³iv‡R¨i wPwKrmv mvgwqKx j¨vb‡m‡Ui 2018 mv‡ji GK M‡elYv Abyhvqx, ¯^v¯’‡mevi gvb I
mnRcÖvc¨Zvi m~P‡K we‡k^i 195wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 133Zg Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| A_P evsjv‡`‡k
†hLv‡b RbmsL¨v Abycv‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mev mxwgZ, †mLv‡b cÖwZ‡ivag~jK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j Ges mnvqK
cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv †M‡j wPwKrmv Lv‡Z Pvc A‡bKUvB Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e (wewewm, 07 GwcÖj 2022)|
Gw`‡K wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v we‡k¦i wewfbœ ‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi gv‡bi Ici me©‡kl ‡h i¨vswKs cÖKvk K‡i‡Q,
†mLv‡bI evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 88Zg| ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z e¨‡qi ‡¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ ‡`‡ki Zyjbvq evsjv‡`k A‡bK
wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| Rb¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z evsjv‡`k ‡gvU wRwWwci 2.3 kZvsk e¨q K‡i; ‡hLv‡b ‡bcvj 5.6 kZvsk,
kÖxjsKv 3.8 kZvsk, fviZ 3.6 kZvsk I hy³iv‡R¨ 9.6 kZvsk| G cwimsL¨vb ‡_‡K DbœZ ‡`‡ki m‡½
Dbœqbkxj ‡`k¸‡jvi cv_©K¨ Lye mn‡RB Abyaveb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ wPwKrmv Lv‡Z †h A_© e¨q Kiv n‡”Q,
Zvi †mUvI cy‡ivcywi fv‡e ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq e¨q Kiv nq bv|
Avgiv cÖwZw`b msev`cÎ wKsev †Uwjwfk‡b ¯^v¯’¨ †Kw›`ªK †hme msev` †`wL, Zvi AwaKvs‡kB †`‡ki
¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z fqven `yb©xwZi wPÎ dz‡U I‡V| RbM‡Yi Rb¨ †h ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi eivÏ †`Iqv n‡”Q, Zv Zviv wVK
fv‡e cv‡”Q wK bv, GB welqwU †ei K‡i Avbv Riæix| miKvwi wewfbœ nvmcvZvj wKsev MÖvg ch©v‡q †h
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv wVKfv‡e †mev w`‡”Q wKbv, ‡mevMÖnxZviv KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK wb‡q mš‘ó wK bv, GKB mvv‡_ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z `ybx©wZ n‡”Q bv, GB welq¸‡jv †ei Kiv
Riæix| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbyl (68.49%) MÖv‡g evm K‡i| †h‡nZz ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi
AwaKvi gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| ZvB Zv‡`i Rb¨ eivÏ †mev Zviv wVK fv‡e cv‡”Q wK bv Ges KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK wb‡q Zviv wK fve‡Q, Zv‡`i `„wófw½ wK, ‡h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡qwQj,
†mwU mdjZvi gyL †`‡LwQ bv, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv cÖwZ‡ivag~jK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µg Pvjv‡”Q wK bv-
Gme ‡ei K‡i Avbvi Rb¨ gvV K‡g©i weKí †bB|

12 | P a g e
➢ gvVK‡g©i D‡Ïk¨:
GB gvVK‡g©i cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vbxq gvby‡li
fimvi ¯’vb n‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK bv, hv AbymÜvb Kiv| A_©vr, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½ †ei
K‡i wb‡q Avmv| GKBmv‡_ gvbylRb cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hv‡”Q wK bv, KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K bv †M‡j †Kv_vq †_‡K †mev wb‡”Q- Zv Zz‡j aiv| GB D‡Ïk¨mg~‡ni cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e
ch©‡eÿY I we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ GB gvVK‡g© wb¤œwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e-
1. †mev MÖnxZv ch©v‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©KvwiZv, MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I `„k¨gvb Am½wZmg~n AbymÜvb|
2. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wb‡q DcKvi‡fvMx ¯’vbxq gvby‡li aviYv ch©‡eÿY|
3. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwiPvjbvq †Kv‡bv Am½wZ ev Amgš^q _vK‡j Zv mywbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZKiY|
4. cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Kivi jÿ¨ c~i‡Yi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ev¯ÍweK cÖvmw½KZv
hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevMÖnxZv‡`i msL¨vMZ cwimsL¨vb we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Gi cÖv_wgK
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv hvPvB|
5. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`v‡bi mÿgZv hvPvB I Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi m¼Umg~n wPwýZKiY|
6. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici fimv bv ivL‡j ¯’vbxq †mev MÖnxZv‡`i cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq fimvi ¯’vb wbY©q|

➢ gvVK‡g©i ¯’vb wbev©Pb:

ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ- kxl©K
gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ D‡Ïk¨g~jK bgybvq‡bi (Purposive Sampling) gva¨‡g ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K
wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wK¬wbKwU evsjv‡`‡ki D‡Ëie‡½i MvBevÜvi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi 2 bs
†mvbvivq BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU ejivg MÖv‡gi †Rvov Av‡gi Zj bvgK ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z|
wK¬wbKwUi bvg ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡jI GwU ïaygvÎ ejivg MÖv‡gi GjvKvevmx‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i
bv| Gi cvkvcvwk cwðg wkeivg, ¯‹z‡ji evRvi, PiæqvUvix A‡ji gvbyl‡`iI †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Q
GB wK¬wbKwU| g~jZ PviwU A‡ji mxgvšÍeZx© RvqMvq wK¬wbKwUi Ae¯’vb| ZvB GK wK¬wbK n‡ZB Gme
A‡ji gvbyl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡c‡q _v‡K| ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU ¯’vwcZ nq 1998 mv‡j| g„Z AvwRi
DwÏb bv‡gi GK `vZvi `vb Kiv 5 kZvsk Rwgi Ici `vuwo‡q Av‡Q wK¬wbKwU|
gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡K evQvBKivi cÖavb KviY n‡jv, wK¬wbKwUi Ae¯’vb M‡el‡Ki
MÖv‡gi evwoi Lye wbK‡U| GKvi‡Y wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© Av‡k cv‡ki gvby‡li `„wófw½ Ges mvwe©K Ae¯’v ch©‡eÿY
M‡el‡Ki Rb¨ mnR n‡q `vuov‡e| GwU we‡ePbvq †i‡LB GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q|

13 | P a g e
➢ gvVK‡g©i cÖkœ:
K‡qKwU cÖkœ‡K mvg‡b ‡i‡L GB gvVKg©wU cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| h_v
1. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½ wK?
2. cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ gvbyl KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici fimv iv‡L wK bv? fimv bv ivL‡j Zvi †cQ‡b
KviY wK?

➢ c~e©vbygvb:
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK GjvKvq _vKvi welqwU‡K gvbyl BwZevPKfv‡e †`L‡jI Gi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q Rbg‡b wgkÖ
cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ gvbyl KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici c~Y©v½ fimv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|

➢ gvVK‡g© e¨eüZ cÖZ¨q mg~‡ni msÁv:

✓ KwgDwbwU: Bs‡iwR Community k‡ãi evsjv cÖwZkã n‡jv m¤úª`vq ev †Mvôx| hLb K‡bv
e„nr A_ev ¶y`ª ‡Mvôxi m`m¨iv GK‡Î emevm K‡i Ges e¨w³ ¯^v_© bv ‡`‡L ‡Mvôxi mKj m`‡m¨i
¯^v‡_©i cÖwZ m‡PZb nq, ZLb ‡mB ‡Mvôx‡K m¤úª`vq e‡j| A_©vr m¤úª`vq n‡”Q GKwU Rbmgwó
hviv GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvq emevm K‡i Ges Awfbœ Rxeb aviv AbmyiY K‡i| GKUv m¤úª`vq n‡Z
n‡j wKQy ‰ewkó¨ _vK‡Z nq| †hgbt
1. GKwU Rb‡Mvôx 6. mv`„k¨
2. mywbw`©ó GjvKv 7. e¨vcKZi D‡Ïk¨
3. m¤úª`vqmyjf gvbwmKZv 8. GKwU wbw`©ó bvg
4. ¯’vwqZ¡ 9. AvBbvbyM mËvnxbZv
5. ¯^vfvweKZv 10. m¤úª`v‡qi AvqZb|
GB gvVK‡g© KwgDwbwU ej‡Z ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki DcKvi‡fvMx cÖvšÍxK Rb‡Mvôx‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

✓ wK¬wbK: Clinic kãwU Bs‡iwR fvlv †_‡K AvMZ, hvi A_© Wv³viLvbv ev wPwKrmvjq| wK¬wbK
¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ myweav cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv mvaviYZ e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ n‡q
_v‡K| GQvov wewfbœ ‡emiKvwi ms¯’vi mnqZvi A_©vq‡b wKsev miKvwi A_©vq‡bI cwiPvwjZ n‡Z
cv‡i|
GB gvVK‡g© wK¬wb‡K ej‡Z ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K ‡evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwU miKvwi A_©vq‡b
cwiPvwjZ| Av‡kcv‡ki gvbyl‡`i †`vi‡Mvovq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡cŠuQv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ GwU 1998 mv‡j ¯’vwcZ
14 | P a g e
 nq| eZ©gv‡b wK¬wbKwU ïµevi I Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ cÖwZw`b mKvj 9 Uv ‡_‡K
weKvj 3 Uv ch©šÍ ‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Q|

✓ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev: mvaviYfv‡e GKUv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ej‡Z e„nËi A‡_© gvby‡li kvwiixK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK
my¯’Zv wbwðZ Kivi e¨e¯’v‡K ‡evSvq| GKUv ‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi m¶gZv wba©vwiZ nq Zvi ‰Re-
¯^v¯’¨, Rxebhvcb I Av_©-mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi Øviv| Z‡e ¯^v¯’¨ ‡mevi gv‡bi DbœqbI gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’¨i
Ae¯’vi DbœwZ‡Z BvZevPK cÖfve ‡i‡L ¯^v‡¯’¨i DbœwZ NUv‡Z cv‡i| wPwKrmv GB ¯^v¯’¨ ‡meviB
GKUv Ask|¯^v¯’¨‡mevi g~j welq n‡jv cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨ Kvh©µg| GB
aviYvbymv‡i, †Kej †ivM cÖwZKvi bq, †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai welq¸‡jvI ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AvIZvfz³|
GB gvVK‡g© ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ej‡Z ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K cÖ`Ë ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
A_v©r †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK †iv‡Mi mgm¨vq wK¬wb‡K †M‡j †h ai‡bi †mev I civgk© †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K,
Zv‡KB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q GB gvVK‡g©|

✓ †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmx: GwU GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg| evsjv‡`‡ki DËi e‡½i MvBevÜv †Rjvi
AšÍM©Z my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg †mvbvivq| Gi AvqZb cÖvq 12.43 eM©
wK‡jvwgUvi Ges GLv‡b cÖvq 30 nvRvi gvby‡li emevm| bqwU MÖv‡gi mgš^‡q MwVZ GB BDwbq‡b
wZbwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Ab¨Zg|
GB gvVK‡g© †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmx ej‡Z ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev MÖnxZv‡`i †evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| GB wK¬wbKwU ejivg MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z n‡jI Av‡k cv‡ki AviI K‡qKwU A‡ji gvbyl,
†hgb cwðg wkeivg, PiæqvUvix Ges ¯‹z‡ji evRv‡ii gvbylRb GLvb †_‡K cÖwZwbqZ †mev MÖnY
K‡i _v‡K| †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmx ej‡Z g~jZ Zv‡`i‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

✓ `„wófw½: `„wófw½ ej‡Z g‡bvfve, gvbwmKZv ev wPšÍvi aib‡K †evSvq | A_©vr GKRb e¨w³
GKwU welq‡K wKfv‡e ‡`L‡Qb ev wKfv‡e wb‡”Qb, ‡mwU n‡”Q Zvi `„wófw½| GwU‡K ejv hvq
Way of thinking ev wPšÍvi aib| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, `„wófw½ n‡”Q gvby‡li g‡bvRvMwZK
Av`k©, hvi Av‡jv‡K ‡m ‡Kv‡bv welq‡K wePvi K‡i| ‡Kv‡bv welq‡K fv‡jvfv‡e ‡bIqv ev H
wel‡qi cªwZ fv‡jv g‡bvfve ‡cvlY Kiv wKsev welqwU‡K BwZevPK gvbwmKZvi gva¨‡g MªnY KivB
n‡”Q BwZevPK `…wófw½| Avi Gi wecixZ w`KUv‡K ejv nq †bwZevPK `„wófw½|
GB gvVK‡g© `„wófw½ ej‡Z KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’‡mev m¤ú‡K© ‡mev MÖnxZv‡`i aviYv‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡”Q| A_©vr Zviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev‡K BwZevPK fv‡e †`L‡Qb, bvwK
†bwZevPKfv‡e, †mB we‡ePbv‡eva‡K `„wófw½ wn‡m‡e †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q GB gvVK‡g©|

15 | P a g e
 ✓ mgxÿv: mgxÿv kãwUi A_© c~e©vci we‡ePbv, mgxÿY, my² AbymÜvb ev cixÿv, A‡š^lY| A_©vr
†Kv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi gvb hvPvB I Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wbweo fv‡e KvR K‡i hvIqv‡K mgxÿv ejv nq|
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, mgxÿv g~jZ cwiKíbv-ev¯Íevqb-g~j¨vqY (Plan-Do-See) KvVv‡gvi ga¨
w`‡q †Kv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv cvIqvi Dcvq|
GB gvVK‡g© mgxÿvi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½ †ei K‡i Avbv n‡q‡Q|
GRb¨ M‡elYvi wewfbœ c×wZi mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

➢ gvVK‡g©i mxgve×Zv:
1. gvVK‡g©i welq I m¤¢ve¨ AvKv‡ii Zzjbvq cÖvß mg‡qi ¯^íZv| d‡j Mfxi we‡kølY evavMÖ¯’ n‡Z cv‡i|
2. ‡KejgvÎ GKwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^ímsL¨K DcKvi‡fvMxi cÖvß Z_¨ w`‡q mvwe©K `„wófw½ Zz‡j
Avbv KwVb| ZvQvov A‡b‡K bvbv Kvi‡Y wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© mwVK Z_¨ bvI w`‡Z cv‡ib|
3. gvVKg© mswkøó hveZxq e¨q wb‡R‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
4. M‡elK M‡elYv †ÿ‡Î bZzb| ZvB Z_¨ we‡kølY wKsev ch©v‡jvPbvq Awb”QvK…Z fzj-ÎæwU wKsev wPšÍvi
mxgve×Zv _vK‡Z cv‡i|

16 | P a g e
 wØZxq Aa¨vq

mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
➢ cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv:
mvgvwRK M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK M‡elYv GKwU Acwinvh© Ask| †Kbbv, M‡elYvi mv‡_ mswkøó eBcy¯ÍK,
Rvb©vj, cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` †_‡K A‡bK aviYvB cvIqv hvq, hv M‡elYvKg©‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
Av‡jvP¨ welqwUi mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ KwZcq mvwnZ¨Kg© i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
▪ The European Union Gi A_©vq‡b Oxfam Ges Centre for policy dialogue Gi
cwiPvjbvq ÔMYZvwš¿K mykvm‡b Rbm¤ú„³ cÖwZôv‡bi AskMÖnY- mvgvwRK bxwiÿv: ¯^v¯’¨‡mevÕ bv‡g
GKwU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| 2019 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i cÖKvwkZ GB cÖeÜwU‡Z ei¸bv I m›Øx‡ci wewfbœ
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki 155Rb †mevMÖnxZvi Ici cwiPvwjZ Rwi‡ci djvdj D‡V Av‡m|
GB M‡elYvq ‡`Lv hvq, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mieivnK…Z Jl‡ai †ÿ‡Î A‡bK mgqB †`Lv hvq,
wbw`©ó wKQz Jla e¨vcK Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y cieZx© Pvjvb Avmvi c~‡e©B gRy` †kl n‡q hvq| m›`x‡c
M‡o cÖvq 34% DËi`vZv e‡j‡Qb, Zviv mgqgZ Jla cv‡”Qb bv| ei¸bvi RwicK…Z 60%
†mevMÖnxZv e‡j‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Jla cvIqv hvq bv| M‡elYvq AviI D‡V
Av‡m, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mieivnK…Z hš¿cvwZ A‡bK‡ÿ‡ÎB gvbm¤§Z bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Aíw`‡bB
bó n‡q hvq, hv cieZx©‡Z cwi‡lev cÖ`v‡b weNœ NUvq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸wj wba©vwiZ mg‡qi †P‡q
A‡bK Kg mgq †Lvjv _v‡K| Dciš‘ ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©iv wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z h‡_ó mgq _v‡Kb bv|
Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, m›`xc I ei¸bvi Dfq ¯’v‡bB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv mKvj 9Uv †_‡K `ycyi
3.30 ch©šÍ †Lvjv _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB Zv mKvj 10Uv †_‡K `ycyi 1Uv ch©šÍ
†Lvjv _v‡K| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv webvg~‡j¨ cÖvß wewfbœ †mevi wewbg‡q A_© †bIqvi Awf‡hvM
A‡bKmgqB K‡i _v‡Kb RbMb| GQvov KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K †mev wb‡Z †M‡j A‡bKmgqB
†mevcÖv_x©iv ‡mLv‡b Kg©iZ‡`i `ye©¨env‡ii wkKvi nb| G‡Z Zviv fwel¨‡Z †mev wb‡Z Abxnv †eva
K‡ib| †mevMÖnxZv‡`i gv‡S miKvi cÖ`Ë ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi aviYv bv _vKvq Zviv cÖvc¨
†mev jvf †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

▪ ÔCommunity Clinic: Development of an idea and its successful

implementationÕ wbe‡Ü Prof Dr. Md Abul Hashem Khan KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL K‡ib, The important reasons for that were unavailability and
inaccessibility of essential health care services to the vast rural community
(three fourths of total national population) particularly to the poor,
marginalized and vulnerable group of people. In that context, the idea what
was so far in the mind of Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came into
action through a plan of establishing Community Clinic (CC) in the rural

17 | P a g e
 areas all over Bangladesh including very hard to reach and remote areas to
extend Primary Health Care services at the door steps of rural people.

▪ XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi †W‡fjc‡g›U ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wZbRb M‡elK- Gg Avey BDmyd (Aa¨vcK),
†mvbg mvnv (cÖfvlK) I Ave`yj Lv‡jK (mnKvix Aa¨vcK) evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi †ÿ‡Î
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv wK ai‡bi f‚wgKv ivL‡Q, †m wel‡q Ôevsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi †ÿ‡Î
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki f‚wgKv: AbymÜvb I ch©‡eÿYÕ- kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖeÜwU
†m›Uvi ev‡RU GÛ cwjwm, XvKv wek^we`¨vjq Ges Iqvì© wfkb evsjv‡`‡ki †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M
cwiPvwjZ| GwU evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxÿvi 1424 evwl©K msL¨vi 35 L‡Û cÖKvwkZ nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKmg~‡ni
Kvh©KvwiZv AbymÜvb Ges KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kg©c×wZ, cwiPvjbv I e¨e¯’vcbvq †Kv‡bv Am½wZ
ev Amgš^q _vK‡j Zv mywbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZ KivB wQj GB cÖeÜwUi g~j D‡Ïk¨| cÖe‡Üi Ab¨Zg
D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv miKvi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi my‡hvM m„wói jÿ¨ wb‡q MÖvgxY GjvKvq †h KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbKmg~n ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q Ges wbqwgZfv‡e GB Lv‡Z Avw_©K eivÏ I Jla mieivn K‡i‡Q,
ev¯Íe‡ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii GB D‡`¨vM mvaviY RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q KZUv MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †c‡q‡Q|
gqgbwmsn †Rjvi gy³vMvQv I dzjevwoqv Dc‡Rjvi 25wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cwiPvwjZ GB
M‡elYvq D‡V G‡m‡Q, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZw`b M‡o mv‡o wZb N›Uvi †ewk †mev Kvh©µg
P‡j bv| Rwi‡c Ask †bqv 90 kZvsk †mevMÖnxZv mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vi ( †hgb: R¡i, †c‡Ui AmyL
BZ¨vw`) †ÿ‡Î KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi Ici Av¯’v iv‡L| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki webvg~‡j¨ †mev
I JlacÖvwßi welqwU‡K Zviv BwZevPKfv‡e †`‡L| Z‡e AwaKvsk mgq ch©vß cwigv‡Y Jla bv
_vKvi welqwU‡K Zviv miKv‡ii cÖvwZôvwbK `ye©jZv e‡j g‡b K‡i Ges G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i Amš‘wó
Rvbvq| GB M‡elYvq AviI D‡V Av‡m, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKmg~‡n we`y¨r, cvwb, m¨vwb‡Ukb BZ¨vw`
myweavi Kvh©Ki Abycw¯’wZ I ¯’vb msKURwbZ Kvi‡Y †mev cÖ`vb Kvh©µg evavMÖ¯Í n‡”Q|

▪ cÖL¨vZ Rvb©vj Heliyon G ÔCommunity clinics in Bangladesh: A unique

example of public-private partnershipÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU M‡elYv cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ
nq| 2020 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ GB M‡elYv cwiPjbv K‡ib NIPSOM Ges BUHS Gi QqRb
M‡elK Baizid Khoorshid Riaz, Liaquat Ali, Sk. Akhtar Ahmad, Md. Ziaul
Islam, Kazi Rumana Ahmed Ges Sharmin Hossain| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb
hvPvB I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ GB M‡elYvwU cwiPvwjZ nq|
63 Rb †mev`vZv I 2238 †mevMÖnxZv Ges 3285 Rb ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Ici cwiPvwjZ GB
M‡elYvi djvd‡j D‡V Av‡m, kZKiv 96.9 fvM KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK myweavRbK ¯’v‡b ¯’vwcZ,
†hLv‡b ‡mevMÖnxZviv Lye mn‡RB †mev MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †cŠuQv‡Z cv‡ib| ¯’vbxq RbMYB AwaKvsk
(93.7%) KwgDwbwU‡K myiwÿZ iv‡Lb| wZb-PZz_©vsk †mevMÖnY Kvix KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
¯^v¯’¨‡mevq mš‘ó| GQvov wK¬wbK †_‡K ¯^v¯’¨ welqK †h civgk© Ges wkÿvcÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zv
BwZevPK e‡j g‡b K‡ib 96.7% bgybv|

18 | P a g e
▪ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©µg‡K AviI †Rvi`vi K‡i †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi wZb PZz_©vsk, hviv
MÖv‡g evm K‡ib Zv‡`i †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K †cŠu‡Q w`‡q RbM‡Yi mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨ mywbwðZ
Kiv, Z_v Mo Avqy e„w× Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 2017 mv‡ji Ry‡b cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY
I g~j¨vqY wefvM (AvBGgBwW) †_‡K GKwU cÖfve g~j¨vqY mgxÿv cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq| GB
wbe‡Üi wk‡ivbvg ÔwifvBUvjvB‡Rkb Ae KwgDwbwU †nj_ †Kqvi Bwbwk‡qwUfm Bb evsjv‡`k
(AviwmGBPwmAvBwe) (2q ms‡kvwaZ)Õ| ‡`‡ki †gvU 8wU wefvM n‡Z 8wU †Rjv, cÖwZ †Rjvq 2wU
K‡i †gvU 16wU Dc‡Rjv Ges 79wU BDwbqb wbe©vPb K‡i Mf©eZx gv I 5 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx
wkï‡`i gv Ges †gvU msL¨vi 20% eq¯‹ cyiæl mn †gvU 1530 R‡bi (gwnjv-1224 I cyiæl-
306) Ici Rwi‡ci djvdj D‡V Av‡m GB M‡elYvq|
djvd‡j Rvbv hvq, cÖwZwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z ˆ`wbK M‡o 41 Rb †ivMx‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †`Iqv
nq| mgx¶vq cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx 96% bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx gwnjv I 85% cyiæl Zv‡`i GjvKvi
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ¯^v¯’¨ †mev MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wM‡q‡Qb| kZKiv 56 fvM DcKvi‡fvMx KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Jla mieivn †c‡q‡Qb| mgx¶vq cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx AvbycvwZK nv‡i
A‡a©‡Ki wKQy †ekx DcKvi‡fvMx KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖvß †mevq †gvUvgywU mš‘ó (56%),
36% DcKvi‡fvMx LyeB mš‘ó, evKx 8% DcKvi‡fvMx mš‘ó bq| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i mš‘ó bv nIqvi
KviY¸‡jv n‡jv: †mevcÖ`vbKvixi Abycw¯’wZ (42%), Jl‡ai Ach©vßZv (58%) Ges
†mevcÖ`vbKvixi `¶Zvi Afve (33%)|

▪ evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi gvb Ges †mevMÖnxZv‡`i mš‘wói gvÎv wbY©‡q GK`j
M‡elK ÔEvaluation of the role of perceived quality and satisfaction of
beneficiaries about the health care services and benefits of community
clinics in BangladeshÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU M‡elYv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| M‡elYv cÖeÜwU 2022
mv‡j International Journal of Public Health Research G cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
wewfbœ eq‡mi 760 Rb †mevMÖnxZvi Ici GB M‡elYvwU cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| †mevMÖnxZv‡`i
mK‡jB wQ‡jb gwnjv, hv‡`i AwaKvs‡ki (41%) eqm 18-24 Gi †KvVvq| GB eq‡mi
†mevMÖnxZviv Ab¨vb¨‡`i Zzjbvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb wb‡q AwaK mš‘ó| GB M‡elYvq
AviI D‡V Av‡m, wbtmšÍvb weevwnZ gwnjviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb wb‡q Ab¨vb¨
†mevMÖnxZvi †P‡q AwaK mš‘ó| hvB‡nvK, wj¼, eqm GgbwK A_©‰bwZK we‡ePbvq KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK wb‡q AwaKvsk †mevMÖnxZvi `„wófw½ BwZevPK|

▪ USAID Gi A_©vq‡b Ôevsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY-cwðgv‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK: mgm¨v I m¤¢vebvÕ

wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU M‡elYv cwiPvwjZ nq| 2019 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ GB cÖe‡Üi M‡elK iæevBqvr
Avnmvb I wbg©j miKvi| GB M‡elYvq D‡V Av‡m, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv wba©vwiZ mgq-m~Px
Abymv‡i †Lvjv _vK‡Q Ges kwb †_‡K e„n¯úwZevi ch©šÍ mßv‡n 6w`b mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv
ch©šÍ †Lvjv _vKv ev †mev`vb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi wel‡q †mevMÖnYKvixMY mš‘wó cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|
19 | P a g e
 GB cÖe‡Ü KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mvgwMÖK Dbœq‡b †ek wKQz civgk© †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv- KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v n‡jv cvwb Ges cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi
Afve| wbivc` cvwb mieivn Ges cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv I Zv iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß
A_© eivÏ cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z †mev Kvh©µg Aÿzbœ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv
miÄvg wbqwgZ mieiv‡ni civgk© ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q|

▪ ¯^v¯’¨ Awa`߇ii ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖKvkbvq Ômvd‡j¨i †Rvqv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨:
we‡k^i we¯§qÕ wk‡ivbv‡g MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq 2018 mv‡j| GB MÖ‡š’i 44-47 c„ôvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK:
GKwU MYgyLx ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’v Aa¨v‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki BwZnvm, D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b
ejv n‡q‡Q, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki DcKvi‡fvMx MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôx we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª, myweavewÂZ I
Amnvq/bvRyK gv I wkï, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I e‡qve„× bvMwiK| GB †kÖYxi gvbyl Av‡M b~¨bZg
¯^v¯’¨‡mev ewÂZ wQj| GLb Zviv G‡Kev‡i N‡ii Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y© webvg~‡j¨ gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
cv‡”Q|
wbe‡Ü D‡jøL Kiv nq, 2009 mvj †_‡K 2018 mvj ch©šÍ me KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K gvbyl †mev
wb‡q 75 †KvwUiI †ewk evi| 3.69 †KvwUiI †ewk †ivMx‡K Riæwi I RwUjZvq D”PZi nvmcvZv‡j
†idvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZgv‡m M‡o 1 †KvwU K¬v‡q›U Av‡m KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv †_‡K †mev wb‡Z|
ˆ`wbK cÖ‡Z¨K wK¬wb‡K Av‡m M‡o 40 †_‡K 42 Rb †mevMÖnxZv| †mevMÖnxZv‡`i kZiv 80 fvMB
bvix I wkï|

20 | P a g e
 Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK

➢ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ‡cÖÿvcU
Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i BwZnv‡m 1978 mvjwU †ek ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †meQi ZrKvjxb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ges eZ©gv‡b
KvRvL¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx Avjgv-AvZvq (eZ©gvb bvg AvjgvwZ) 134wU iv‡ó«i kxl© ‡bZv‡`i GK m‡¤§jb
AbywôZ nq| ‡mLv‡b Zviv GKwU ‡NvlYvq ¯^v¶i K‡ib, hv ÔAvjgv-AvZv ‡NvlYvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges Gi
wfwˇZB cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi (Primary Health Care) aviYv we‡k¦ cÖewZ©Z nq| Ô2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨
mevi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨Õ- ‡¯øvMvbwUI Avjgv-AvZv ‡NvlYv ‡_‡KB DrmvwiZ nq| ‡NvlYvwU Ges m‡¤§jbwU G Kvi‡YB
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡h, Gi gva¨‡gB wek¦cwim‡i cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ¯^v¯’¨‡K µq‡hvM¨ ‡mevi wecix‡Z GK me©Rbxb
AwaKvi wnmv‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i ‡bIqv nq|
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ej‡Z ‡evSvq mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi I AwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ mgv‡Ri gvby‡li AskMÖnY I
msnwZ‡Z mevi Rb¨ my¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Kivi GK ‡cÖÿvcU-ms‡e`bkxj c×wZ| gvI ‡m Zys‡qi bMœc`
wPwKrmK‡`i aviYv ‡_‡K cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev AbycvÖ wYZ n‡qwQj, ‡hLv‡b gvbyl wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q bq, eis
wPwKrmv‡mev gvby‡li ‡`vi‡Mvovq G‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡e| K‡qKwU bxwZi Ici cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZwôZ,
‡m¸‡jv n‡jv, cÖwZKv‡ii cvkvcvwk cÖwZ‡ivag~jK ‡mevi Ici ¸iæZ¡, b¨vh¨-mvg¨Zv (Equity), jvMmB
cÖhyw³, KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY, AvšÍtLvZ mgš^q I we‡K›`ªxKiY| AvUwU Kv‡Ri mvgwóKZvi gva¨‡g G
‡mev¸‡jv ‡cŠu‡Q ‡`Iqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ms‡¶‡c G¸‡jv n‡jv weivRgvb ‡ivMevjvB cÖwZ‡iv‡a
¯^v¯’¨wk¶v, Lv`¨ I cywói we¯Ívi, wbivc` cvwb I cqtwb®‹vkb, cwievi cwiKíbvmn gvZ… I wkï¯^v¯’¨,
wUKv`vb, ¯’vbxq ‡iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi, mvaviY ‡ivM I RL‡gi wPwKrmv Ges AZ¨vek¨Kxq Ily‡ai
(Essential Medicine) ms¯’vb|
¯^vaxbZvi ci ‡_‡KB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨`k©b cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi `k©‡bi m‡½ msMwZc~Y© wQj| d‡j 1978
mv‡j evsjv‡`k ‡Kej Avjgv-AvZv m‡¤§j‡b AskMÖnYB K‡iwb, eis G‡K ‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi ¯Í¤¢ wnmv‡e
eiY K‡i wb‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi c‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki cwiµgv ‡ek ‡KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK| Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨
‡K›`ª¸‡jv G ‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ‡Kvl‡K›`ª (Nucleus) wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ nq, ‡hLvb ‡_‡K µgvš^‡q
G ‡mev BDwbqb Dc-¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª I KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki AmvaviY wKQy
AR©b i‡q‡Q, ‡hgb, 1980 `kK ‡_‡K eZ©gv‡b wkï g„Zy¨nvi 134 (c«wZ nvRv‡i) ‡_‡K K‡g 26,
gvZ…gZ„ y¨ 1330 (cÖwZ jv‡L) ‡_‡K K‡g 173 (gZvšÍ‡i 215), m¤¢ve¨-Avqy®‹vj 53 eQi ‡_‡K ‡e‡o 73
eQi, ‡gvU De©iZvi nvi QqwU m¯Ívb ‡_‡K K‡g `ywU Ges wkï‡`i wUKv cÖvwß cÖvq `yB kZvsk ‡_‡K ‡e‡o
98 kZvsk ch©šÍ n‡q‡Q|
Gme AR©b m‡Ë¡I cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q hvi d‡j MÖv‡gi A‡bK Afvex
gvbylI ‡emiKvwi Lv‡Zi D”Pg~‡j¨i wPwKrmvi Øvi¯’ nq| weªwUk Rb¯^v¯’¨we` A¨vb Kµd‡Ui (2007)
M‡elYvq ‡`Lv hvq, G ‡`‡ki 60 kZvsk MÖvgxY RbmvaviY wewfbœ Awewae× ‡mev c«`vbKvix ‡hgb
KweivR, ‡iwR‡÷«kbwenxb bvbviKg ‡nvwgIc¨vw_K I A¨v‡jvc¨vw_K wPwKrmv cÖ`vbKvix, SvodyuK
BZ¨vw`i kiY wb‡q _v‡Kb| evsjv‡`k ‡nj_ Iqv‡Pi (2008) M‡elYvq ‡`Lv hvq, wewae× I Awewae×
‡emiKvwi LvZ ‡_‡K G ‡`‡ki 85 kZvsk gvbyl ‡mev wb‡q _v‡K| G Qvov wecyjmsL¨K gvbyl, hv‡`i

21 | P a g e
g‡a¨ weËevbiv wm½vcyi, _vBj¨vÛ I gvj‡qwkqv‡Z Ges Zyjbvg~jK ¯^í Av‡qi gvbyl fvi‡Z wPwKrmv wb‡Z
hvb|
Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`k 1978 mv‡ji Avjgv-AvZv ‡NvlYvq ¯^v¶iKvix ‡`k¸‡jvi GKwU| Gi GK
eQ‡ii gv_vq ‡`‡ki QqwU Dc‡Rjvq GwU cvBjU Kiv nq| ‡`‡ki wØZxq cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv‡ZI
(1980-1985) Ô2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mevi Rb¨ ¯^v‡¯’¨Õi A½xKvi e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯^fveZB ‡m mg‡qi
‡ivMZvwË¡K ‡cÖ¶vcU gv_vq ‡i‡L msµvgK wewfbœ ‡ivM ‡hgb K‡jiv, g¨v‡jwiqv, KvjvR¡i BZ¨vw` Ges
RbwgwZK ‡cÖ¶vcU gv_vq ‡i‡L cwievi cwiKíbvi Ici ‡ewk ¸iæZ¡ ‡`Iqv nq| G Qvov hy×weaŸ¯Í ‡`‡k
AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi Ici ‡ek ‡Rvi ‡`Iqv nq| 1985 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjvq GKwU K‡i Dc‡Rjv
¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª Ges cÖwZwU BDwbq‡b GKwU BDwbqb Dc¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª wbg©v‡Yi j¶¨gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq| ‡m
mg‡qi ‡cÖ¶vc‡U G wm×všÍ¸‡jv mwVK e‡jB g‡b nq, KviY AvRI evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi
AeKvVv‡gvMZ ‡bUIqvK©‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg ‡kÖô e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
Z‡e ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb fvObc~e©eZ©x f‚ivR‰bwZK ‡cÖ¶vc‡Ui AwfNvZ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡ZI jv‡M|
1978 mv‡ji ‡m‡Þ¤^‡i e¨vcK Drmvn-DÏxcbvq M„nxZ Avjgv-AvZv ‡NvlYvi GK eQ‡iiI Kg mgq ci,
A_©vr 1979 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j BZvwji ‡ejvwRI kn‡i ‡dvW© dvD‡Ûkb, KvbvWvi AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb M‡elYv
ms¯’v Ges iK‡djvi dvD‡Ûkb GKwU mxwgZ cwim‡ii m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb K‡i| ‡mLv‡b A‡b‡K e‡jb
gvwK©b f~ivR‰bwZK ¯^v_©‡K gv_vq ‡i‡L, cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ‡bwZevPK wKQy w`K Zy‡j aiv nq| ‡m
m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ GKB eQi Rywjqv Iqvj&k Ges ‡K‡b_ Iqv‡ib (1979) wbD Bsj¨vÛ Rvb©vj
Ad ‡gwWwm‡b GKwU wbeÜ ‡j‡Lb| Zviv cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi mgvR-mswkøó e¨vcKZvi wecix‡Z mvkÖqx
(Cost-effective) I mywbw`©ó ¯^v¯’¨ Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi ZvwM` ‡`b I ÔevQvBK…Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevÕ
(Selective Primary Health Care) bvgK bZyb GKwU g‡Wj cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| hw`I Avjgv-AvZv
m‡¤§jbwU wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v I RvwZmsN wkï Znwej Z_v BDwb‡md ‡hŠ_fv‡e Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj, ‡ejvwRI
m‡¤§j‡bi ci BDwb‡md GKKfv‡e evQvBK…Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi nvj ai‡Z cÖqvmx nq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi
K¨vwikg¨vwUK gnvcwiPvjK nvdW¨vb gvnjv‡ii wecix‡Z BDwb‡m‡di ‡bZ…Z¡ ‡bb Av‡iK K¨vwikg¨vwUK
‡bZv ‡Rgm wc Mª¨v›U|
Gme cvjve`‡ji AwfNv‡Z evsjv‡`kI GKwU mvgwMÖK cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi (Comprehensive
Primary Health Care) c_ ‡_‡K wePy¨Z n‡q mywbw`©ó ‡ivM I ¯^v¯’¨SyuwK‡Kw›`ªK evQvBK…Z cÖv_wgK
¯^v¯’¨‡mev g‡W‡ji w`‡K AvK…ó nq| Avgv‡`i A‡b‡KiB GOBI-FFF bvgK msw¶ß kãeÜwU g‡b
_vK‡e, hv we¯Í…Z Ki‡j `vuovq, wkïi kvixwiK e„w× ch©‡e¶Y (Growth Monitoring), Lvevi m¨vjvBb
LvIqv‡bv (Oral Rehydration), gvZ…`y» `vb (Breast-Feeding), wUKv `vb (Immunization),
bvix wk¶vi we¯Ívi (Female Education), cwievi cwiKíbv (Family Spacing), I m¤ú~iK Lv`¨
(Food Supplementation)| Gme Djø¤^ cš’v (Vertical Approach) Aej¤^‡bi Kvi‡Y `ªæZ mg‡q
‡h gvZ… I wkï¯^v¯’¨, RbmsL¨v, wUKv`vb, ¯’vbxq A‡bK ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva BZ¨vw` Z¡ivwš^Z n‡q‡Q Zv A¯^xKvi
Kivi Dcvq ‡bB| Z‡e Gme `ªæZ AR©bkxj Ges ‡¶Î we‡k‡l ¯^í‡gqvw` mvd‡j¨i SjKvwb‡Z Mfx‡i
‡cÖvw_Z A‡bK A_©‰bwZK-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gvMZ Am½wZ ‡_‡K ‡h MYgvby‡li `„wó wew¶ß
n‡q‡Q, Zv-I Ab¯^xKvh©|
G m‡ei d‡jB wKbv ejv k³, 1970 I 1980-Gi `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ‡emiKvwi Lv‡Zi wecyj
we¯Ívi N‡U| evQvBK…Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `ªæZ djvdj cÖme K‡i e‡j, Pvÿzl ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v¸‡jvi `ªæZ

22 | P a g e
mgvavb NUvq e‡j Ges Gm‡ei ‡cQ‡b `xN©‡gqvw` I e¨vcK A_©‰bwZK A½xKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb ‡Zgb GKUv
nq bv e‡j `vZv‡Mvôxi mnvqZvq GbwRI¸‡jvi Kvh©µgI G mgq e¨vcKZv cvq| 1982 mv‡ji The
Medical Practice and Private Clinics and Laboratories (Regulation) Ordinance-
Gi e‡`Šj‡Z ‡emiKvwi ‡ivM-cix¶vMvi, wK¬wbK, nvmcvZvj BZ¨vw`i Ici ‡_‡K miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y
A‡bKvs‡k wkw_j Kiv nq| Gm‡ei cwiYwZ `vuwo‡q‡Q GB ‡h, eZ©gv‡b ‡gvU wPwKrmv e¨v‡qi 67 kZvskB
gvbyl‡K wbR c‡KU ‡_‡K ‡mev MÖn‡Yi gyn~‡Z© wbe©vn Ki‡Z nq (hv we‡k¦i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg m‡e©v”P), wRwWwc‡Z
miKvwi Lv‡Zi Ae`vb 1997 mv‡ji 0.83 kZvsk ‡_‡K AviI K‡g 2015 mv‡j `vuwo‡q‡Q gvÎ 0.68
kZvsk, nvmcvZv‡ji Avmb msL¨vi 63 kZvskB ‡emiKvwi Lv‡Z, 80 kZvsk Wv³viB miKvwi I
‡emiKvwi ‰ØZ‡mevq (Dual Practice) wb‡qvwRZ, miKvwi Lv‡Zi gvÎ 35 kZvsk wmRvwiqvb ‡mKk‡bi
wecix‡Z ‡emiKvwi Lv‡Zi nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z wmRvwiqvb ‡mKk‡bi nvi 83 kZvsk!
evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi BwZnvm‡K ‡gvUvgywUfv‡e 1990 c~e©eZ©x I 1990 cieZ©x-G `yfv‡M fvM
Kiv P‡j| Av‡MB Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q ‡h 1990 c~e©eZ©x mgqKv‡j AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb I c«vwZôvwbK
KvVv‡gv MV‡bi w`‡K ‡ewk ‡Rvi ‡`Iqv nq| c¶všÍ‡i 1990 cieZ©x mg‡q ¯^v¯’¨e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b ‡ewk ‡Rvi
‡`Iqv nq e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| ¯^v¯’¨e¨e¯’v Dbœqbg~jK bvbv cÖKí I Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv 1991
mv‡j Pvwn`v-wfwËK ¯^v¯’¨ Kvh©µg (Demand Side Intervention), 1994 mv‡ji Riæwi cÖm~wZ ‡mev
(Emergency Obstetric Care), 1995 mv‡ji evsjv‡`k mgwš^Z cywó cÖKí (Bangladesh
Integrated Nutrition Project), 1996 mv‡ji ¯^v¯’¨ I RbmsL¨v LvZ ‡KŠkjcÎ (Health
Population Sector Strategy), 1998 mv‡ji bMi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖKí (Urban Primary
Health Care Project), 2001 mv‡ji wkï‡iv‡Mi mgwš^Z e¨e¯’vcbv (Integrated Management
of Childhood Illness), 2007 mv‡ji gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g (Maternal Health Voucher
Scheme), 2009 mv‡ji KwgDwbwUwfwËK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev- hv KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cÖKí wnmv‡eI cwiwPZ
(Community Based Health Care), Ges 2015 mv‡ji ¯^v¯’¨ A_©vqb I ‡mevi gvb DbœqbvKv•ÿx
¯^v¯’¨ myi¶v Kg©m~wP (Shasthyo Shurokhsha Karmasuchi)| GiB g‡a¨ wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki civg‡k©
AviI wKQy wbgœ I ga¨g Av‡qi ‡`‡ki g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡kI 1998 mv‡j ïiæ nq LvZ-wfwËK-c×wZ
(Sector-Wide Approach)-Health and Population Sector Program|
1998 mv‡ji ci ‡_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K cÖvwšÍKZg Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q ‡cŠu‡Q ‡`Iqvi j‡¶¨
Acwinvh© ‡mev c¨v‡K‡Ri (Essential Service Package) D™¢e Kiv nq| G c¨v‡K‡Ri AšÍf©y³ Kiv
nq cwievi cwiKíbv I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, wkï ¯^v¯’¨, msµvgK ‡ivM wbqš¿Y, mxwgZ cÖwZKvig~jK ‡mev Ges
Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ‡hvMv‡hvM (Behavior Change Communication)| cÖ_g w`‡K (1998
mv‡j) AvIqvgx jxM miKvi KZ©…K evwo evwo wM‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡`Iqvi e`‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cÖwZôvi
D‡`¨vM ‡bIqv n‡j, weGbwc miKvi G‡m Zv i` K‡i ‡`q| c‡i Avevi ¶gZvq G‡m AvIqvgx jxM miKvi
evwo evwo wM‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vb‡K Aÿzbœ ‡i‡LB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy K‡i, hv cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq bZyb
gvÎv ‡hvM K‡i| Z‡e we`¨gvb BDwbqb Dc-¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª¸‡jvi gv‡bvbœq‡bI mgvb m‡Pó nIqv Riæwi (‰`wbK
hyMvšÍi, 03 †deªæqvwi, 2022)|

23 | P a g e
✓ GK bR‡i wek kZ‡K M„nxZ cÖavb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µg¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:

mvj M„nxZ Kvh©µg

1901 XvKvq Avqy‡e©w`K Jl‡ai KviLvbv kw³ Jlavjq cÖwZôv
1912 c~Y©v½ wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨wefvM MVb
1914 XvKvq mvabv Jlavjq cÖwZôv
g‡›U¸-‡Pgm‡dv‡W©i cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi AvBb Abyhvqx ¯^v¯’¨; m¨vwb‡Ukb I ¯^v¯’¨
1919
cwimsL¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cÖv‡`wkK miKvi¸‡jvi Ici b¨¯Í
mvBgb Kwgkb KZ…©K GKwU †K›`ªxq ¯^v¯’¨ †evW© MVb K‡i wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki
1930
¯^v¯’¨‡mevi weKvk mgš^q I mgš^q weav‡bi mycvwik
wØZxq gnvhy× I `ywf©‡ÿi cUf‚wg‡Z fviZ miKvi m¨vi †Rv‡md †fvi-Gi
†bZ…‡Z¡ Rb¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Rwic I weKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡i|
KwgwUi GB wi‡cv‡U© 1945 mv‡j fvi‡Z Ômgwš^Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevÕ cwifvlvwU cÖ_g
1943
e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e Kwgkb Ômgwš^Z ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vÕ ej‡Z GKwU c~Y©v½ †ivMwbeviK,
Av‡ivM¨Ki I Dbœqbg~jK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’v‡K GKwU wbw`©ó †fŠMwjK A‡ji
cÖwZwU evwm›`vi wbKU †cŠuQv‡bv‡K eywS‡qwQj
XvKvq †gwWK¨vj K‡jR cÖwZôv| c~e©vÂjxq GB cÖ‡`kwU‡Z fviZ †_‡K AwaK
msL¨K DØv¯‘ AvMg‡bi d‡j Ges h_vh_ ¯^v¯’¨m‡PZbZv, ¯^v¯’¨weavb I Rb¯^v¯’¨
1946 myweavw`i Afve, †hgb cÖwZ‡laK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev bv _vKvq bvbv ai‡bi gnvgvix
†`Lv w`‡qwQj| cÖv‡`wkK miKvi Aek¨ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K we‡kl
mvnvh¨ QvovB mgm¨v¸wji h_vmva¨ †gvKvwejv K‡iwQj
cvwK¯Ívb AvBb cwil‡` eva¨Zvg~jK wb‡qvM AvBb cvk Kivq Wv³vi‡`i Rb¨
1950
miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z PvKzwieva¨Zvg~jK nq
1953 knx` †mvnivIqv`x© nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv
K‡jR Ae wdwRwmqvbm GÛ mvR©bm cÖwZôv, h²v nvmcvZvj‡K eÿe¨vwa
1962
BÝwUwUDU I nvmcvZvj (IDCH) wn‡m‡e DbœxZ Kiv nq
1967 Institute of Post Graduate Medicine and Research (IPGMR)
cÖwZôv
1974 wbcmg (NIPSOM) cÖwZôv
AvBwmwWwWAviwe (ICDDRB), b¨vkbvj nvU© dvD‡Ûkb cÖwZôv
1980 evi‡Wg (BIRDEM) cÖwZôv
1981 c½y nvmcvZvj Ges wkï nvmcvZvj cÖwZôv
1990 ‡emiKvwi wPwKrmv gnvwe`¨vjqmg~n cÖwZôvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb
1998 KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
1999 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb wPwKrmv wek^we`¨vjq cÖwZôv
2009 KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjyi wm×všÍ

24 | P a g e
▪ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq P¨v‡jÄ
Av‡MB D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g (2000 mvj) Ges wØZxq (2011 mvj)-Dfq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZB
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi g~jbxwZ¸‡jvi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj| Zv m‡Ë¡I cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev RbM‡Yi ‡`vi‡Mvovq ‡cŠu‡Q
‡`Iqvi e¨vcv‡i ‡ek wKQy mxgve×Zv i‡q wM‡q‡Q, ‡h¸‡jv Avgiv wek` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q RÝ ncwKÝ
BDwbfvwm©wU ‡cÖm ‡_‡K cÖKvwkZ, ‡WwfW wekvB I gvBKv køvBd m¤úvw`Z Achieving Health for
All: Primary Health Care in Action MÖ‡š’i mßg Aa¨v‡q (‡ZŠwdK ‡Rvqv`©vi I ‡di‡`Šm
Aviwdbv Imgvb, 2020)| ms‡¶‡c ‡m¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. b¨vh¨-mvg¨Zvi wfwˇZ ¯^v‡¯’¨i mvgvwRK wbY©vqK¸‡jv‡K A¨v‡W«m Ki‡Z bv cviv
2. ¯^v¯’¨‡mev MÖn‡Yi gyn~‡Z© D”P e¨q (Out of Pocket Payment),
3. cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ ‡mevq AmsµvgK ‡ivM, eq¯‹ I cÖwZeÜx‡`i ‡mev, gvbwmK ‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmv
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Dchy³ e¨e¯’v bv _vKv,
4. Dchy³ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixi Afve,
5. ‡mevi gvb wb‡q Amš‘wó Ges
6. Rjevqyi cwieZ©bMZ Kvi‡Y cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨ (Environmental Health) SyuwKi welq¸‡jv
A¨v‡W«m Kivi e¨e¯’v bv _vKv|
Z‡e Gm‡ei evB‡iI evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q| ‡mwU n‡jv,
evsjv‡`‡ki bMi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev GL‡bv ¯’vbxq miKvi, cwjø Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb|
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Rbeûj GKwU ‡`‡k, ‡hLv‡b eZ©gv‡b 38 kZvsk gvbyl kn‡i emevm K‡i, ‡mLvbKvi
‡KvwU ‡KvwU gvby‡li cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Ggb GKwU gš¿Yvj‡qi Ici b¨¯Í, ‡h gš¿Yvj‡qi ‡gŠwjK g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
‡K›`ªwe›`y Kvh©Z ¯^v¯’¨ bq| G mgm¨vi mgvav‡b 1998 mv‡j bMi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖK‡íi bv‡g we‡`wk
A_©vq‡b wKQy GbwRIi nv‡Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi `vwqZ¡ Zy‡j ‡`Iqv n‡jI cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq Zv wbZvšÍB
AcÖZyj| Zv Qvov Gfv‡e bvbv GbwRI Zv‡`i AMÖvwaKvi I m¶gZv Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev w`‡Z _vK‡j
‡mevi gvb AwbqwgZ, wek…•Lj I AwbqgZvwš¿K nIqvUv Aek¨¤¢vex|

➢ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cUf‚wg

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j gvby‡li †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †cŠu‡Q †`Iqv|
A_©vr, †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j, †hLv‡b mvaviY RbMY evm K‡i Ges KvR K‡i, RvZxq ch©v‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ †mev
Kvh©µg‡K †mB me GjvKvq, cwievi I e¨w³ ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †`evi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡”Q cÖ_g
†mvcvb| GLv‡b g~jZcÖwZ‡ivag~jK, cÖwZ‡laK wPwKrmv, civgk© cÖ`vb I †idvivj †mev †`Iqv nq|
GQvovI KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖavb we‡eP¨ welq n‡”Q, miKvix I †emiKvix chv©‡qi mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM,
Kg©mP~ xi ev¯Íevqb, GjvKvevmx KZ„K© KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Rwg cÖ`vb, miKvi KZ…©K feb
wbg©vY, miKvix fv‡e Jla mn Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb mieivn, Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM, miKvix Ges GjvKvi
RbM‡Yi mgwš^Z D‡`¨v‡M KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK e¨e¯’vcbv I cwiPvjbv Kiv|

25 | P a g e
1998 mv‡j ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM miKvi MÖvgv‡j gvby‡li †`vi‡Mvovq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †cŠu‡Q †`evi j‡ÿ¨
cÖwZ 6000 gvby‡li Rb¨ GKwU K‡i †gvU 13,500 wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ˆZwi Kivi cwiKíbv nv‡Z †bq|
ïiæ †_‡KB cÖKíwU‡Z RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q GjvKvevmx KZ…©K `vb Kiv Rwg‡ZB KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj| 2000 mv‡ji 26 GwcÖj ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x ‡kL nvwmbv ‡MvcvjM‡Äi Uyw½cvov
Dc‡Rjvi cvUMvZx BDwbq‡bi wMgvWv½v MÖv‡g GKwU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK D‡Øvab K‡ib| Gi ga¨ w`‡q ‡`‡k
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki AvbyôvwbK hvÎv ïiæ nq| ¯^v¯’¨ Awa`ßi ej‡Q, 1998 mvj ‡_‡K 2001 mvj ch©šÍ
mviv‡`‡k 10 nvRvi 763 KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wbg©vYKvR ‡kl n‡qwQj| Gi g‡a¨ Pvjy n‡qwQj cÖvq Pvi
nvRvi| 2001 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci weGbwci ‡bZ…Z¡vaxb ‡RvU miKvi ¶gZvq G‡m wK¬wb‡Ki KvR eÜ
K‡i ‡`q| 2007 mv‡j ZË&eveavqK miKvi ¶gZvq Avmvi ci KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ‡emiKvwi cÖwZôvb ev
GbwRI‡`i w`‡q Pvjv‡bvi K_v ZLb fvev n‡qwQj| 2009 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci miKvi MVb K‡i AvIqvgx
jxM| Avevi mwµq n‡q I‡V KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Kvh©µg| eZ©gv‡b mviv‡`‡k 13 nvRvi 881wU wK¬wbK Pvjy
Av‡Q, Pvjyi A‡c¶vq Av‡Q AviI 146wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK (‡kqvi weR, 06 b‡f¤^i 2021)|

➢ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki D‡Ïk¨:

†`‡ki RbMY‡K GKwU gvbm¤§Z ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv †mev cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi
†`vi‡Mvovq GKwU wbw`©ó †K›`ª †_‡K ÔAZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev c¨v‡KRÕ Gi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kiv nq| Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n‡K wb¤œiƒcfv‡e eY©Yv Kiv hvq-
• MÖvgxY `wi`ª I myweav ewÂZ RbM‡Yi †`vi‡Mvovq gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev wbwðZ Kiv|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©µg‡K AviI †Rvi`vi K‡i †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi wZb PZy_©vsk, hviv
MÖv‡g evm K‡ib, Zv‡`i †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K †cŠu‡Q w`‡q RbM‡Yi mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨
mywbwðZ Kiv, Z_v Mo Avqy e„w× Kiv|
• GKwU mgwš^Z Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’v I †Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’vi Aax‡b mKj KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K
cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY Ges we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vi e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b BDwbqb I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi ¯^v¯’¨
†mev KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKmg~‡ni GKwU Kvh©Kwi †idv‡ij wjs‡KR ¯’vcb|
• beRvZK, wkï I gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ †mevi gvb Dbœqb|
• me©¯Í‡ii Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ B-¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`v‡bi g~L¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv|
• mKj ch©v‡qi ¯^v¯’¨, cwievi cwiKíbv I cywó †mev cÖ`v‡bi Kvh©Kwi mgš^qK I mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb
wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK e¨e¯’v‡K msMwVZ Kiv|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Kg©iZ we‡klvwqZ cÖwk¶Y cÖvß ‡mev cÖ`vbKvixi gva¨‡g MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Kiv

26 | P a g e
➢ †mev`vZv I ‡mev`v‡bi mgq
• 1. ïµevi I Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ mßv‡n 6 w`b (kwbevi n‡Z e„n¯úwZevi) mKvj
9.00 Uv n‡Z weKvj 3.00 Uv ch©šÍ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †Lvjv _vK‡e|
• 2. KwgDwbwU †nj_& †Kqvi †cÖvfvBWvi (CHCP) cÖwZ Kg©w`e‡m KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Dcw¯’Z †_‡K
†mev cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges KwgDwbwU †nj_& †Kqvi †cÖvfvBWvi Gi cvkvcvwk ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY
mnKvix cÖZ¨‡K mßv‡n b~b¨Zg 3 w`b K‡i (c~e© cwiKíbv Abymv‡i) KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev
cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix mßv‡n 3 w`b evwo evwo wM‡q cwievi cwiKíbv civgk©
†`Iqv, DØy×KiY, ¯’vqx I `xN© †gqv`x †mevMÖnxZv msMÖnc~e©K Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø·-G Avbvqb
BZ¨vw` Kvh© m¤úbœ Ki‡eb| GKBfv‡e ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix mßv‡n 3 w`b ‡mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wbav©wiZ
gvV-Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡eb| D‡jøL¨ †h, BwcAvB †mk‡b ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix I cwievi Kj¨vb mnKvix
Df‡q AskMÖnY Ki‡eb|
• 3. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Rb¨ wbav©wiZ mg‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e| gvV ch©v‡q
Kvh©µ‡g mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix I cwievi Kj¨vb mnKvixi g‡a¨ †K K‡e KwgDwbwU †nj_&
†Kqvi †cÖvfvBWvi‡K KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb, Zv ‡hŠ_fv‡e cÖYqbc~e©K
Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©KZ©v Ges Dc‡Rjv cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©KZ©vi Aby‡gv`b
mv‡c‡ÿ ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| Aby‡gvw`Z Kg©m~wPi 1wU Kwc BDwbqb cwil` †Pqvig¨vb eivei †cÖib
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges 1wU Kwc KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Uvwb‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
• 4. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKmg~n mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi j‡ÿ¨ KwgDwbwU †nj_& †Kqvi †cÖvfvBWvi Dfq
wefv‡Mi †mevmvgMÖxmg~n mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡eb Ges G Kv‡R Zv‡K mn‡hvMxZv Ki‡eb ¯^v¯’¨
mnKvix I cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix|
• 5. ‡m mKj GjvKvq cywó Kg©x Av‡Q Zviv wbqg Abyhvqx KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK GjvKvi wbav©wiZ Kvh©µg
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †_‡K Ki‡eb, G Kv‡R D³ Kgx©‡K KwgDwbwU †nj_& †Kqvi ‡cÖvfvBWvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvMxZv I mgš^q Ki‡eb| Z`ªæc Pjgvb Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ welqK Kvh©µ‡gI mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡eb|
• 6. KwgDwbwU MÖæ‡ci m`m¨e„›` KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`vb I gvb Dbœq‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb|
• 7. GjvKvq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb K‡ib Ggb MÖvg¨ wPwKrmK, `vB Ges Ab¨vb¨ †mev`vbKvix I GbwRI
Kgx©‡`i‡K UH & FPO I UFPO KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ki‡eb|

➢ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q †mevmg~n

KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸wj AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev cÖ`v‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi wnmv‡e Mb¨ n‡e| MÖvgxb RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v
Abymv‡i GB †K›`ª¸wji (hv One-stop service center wnmv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡e) gva¨‡g mnRjf¨,
wbw`©ó gvb I ¸bm¤úboe mgwš^Z ¯^v¯’¨, cwievi cwiKíbv Ges cywó †mev cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|

27 | P a g e
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖ‡`q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †mevm~n wb¤œiƒc:

• gwnjv‡`i cÖme-c~e© (Mf©Kvjxb), cÖmeKvjxb, cÖm‡evËi (†Wwjfvwi cieZx© 42 w`b)

AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev cÖ`vb Ges †Kvb RwUjZv †`Lv w`‡j hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e Riæwi cÖm~wZ †mev †K‡›`ª
†cÖiY Kiv|
• m`¨ cÖm~wZ gv (6 mßv‡ni g‡a¨) Ges wkï‡`i (we‡klZ: gvivZ¥K cywónxb, `xN© †gqvw` Wvqwiqv
Ges nv‡g AvµvšÍ) wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj cÖ`vb|
• gwnjv I wK‡kvix‡`i i³¯^íZv mbv³ Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv cÖ`vb, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i
cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨‡mve I civgk© cÖ`vb|
• BwcAvB wmwWDj Abyhvqx wkï‡`i cÖwZ‡laK (h²v, wWc‡_wiqv, ûwcs Kd, †cvwjI, abyósKvi,
nvg, †ncvUvBwUm-we I wn‡gvdvBjvm Bbd¬z‡qwRs-we) Ges 15-49 eQi eqmx gwnjv‡`i
abyósKvi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv`vb, 15 eQi eq‡mi wb‡Pi wkï‡`i g‡a¨ m‡›`nRbK GGdwm (15
erm‡ii wb‡P wkïi nvZ cv ev †h‡Kv‡bv A½ nVvr Aek ev `ye©j nIqv) mbv³ K‡i †idvi Kiv|
• GK †_‡K cvuP eQ‡ii wkï‡`i 6 gvm ci ci cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡bv
Ges ivZKvbv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ wkï‡`i Lyu‡R †ei K‡i wPwKrmv cÖ`vb/AbymiY
• Av‡qvwW‡bi ¯^íZv, K…wg, k¦vmh‡š¿i msµgY (ARI), h²v (DOTS mn), Kzô (MDT
ch©vbymiY), g¨v‡jwiqv, Av‡m©wb‡Ki welwµqv, Z¡‡Ki QÎvK BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î jÿYwfwËK
wPwKrmv cÖ`vb/‡idvi wKsev D”PZi nvmcvZvj/wK¬wb‡Ki e¨e¯’vcÎ Abymi‡Y Jla
cÖ`vb/AbymiY|
• Wvqwiqv AvµvšÍ †ivMx‡`i‡K LvIqvi m¨vjvBb I wRsK ewo (wkï‡`i †ÿ‡Î) Gi mvnv‡h¨ wPwKrmv
Kiv; cÖ‡qvR‡b †idvi Kiv Ges LvIqvi m¨vjvBb cÖ¯‘Z I e¨envi c×wZ m¤^‡Ü wkÿv`vb
• m`¨ weevwnZv Ges AšÍtmË¡v gwnjv‡`i wbeÜxKiY, m¤¢ve¨ cÖme-ZvwiL msiÿY Ges cÖm‡ei
ZvwiL mgvMZ n‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv|
• Rb¥ I g„Zz¨ wbeÜxKiY|
• KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q wbqwgZfv‡e gvZ… I beRvZK g„Zz¨i NUbv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi gva¨‡g D³
Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ gv, wkï ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q civgk© cÖ`vb|
• beRvZ‡Ki AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev cÖ`vb|
• BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY †K‡›`ª (UHFWC) Kg©iZ cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv (FWV)
KZ…©K wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K G‡m AvMÖnx gwnjv‡`i AvBBDwW (IUD) ¯’vcb,
cÖ_g †WvR Mf© wb‡ivaK Bb‡RKkb cÖ`vb Ges Rb¥wb‡iva‡Ki cvk^©cÖwZwµqvi wPwKrmv I civgk©
cÖ`vb| GKBfv‡e wPwKrmv mnKvix (MA)/ DcmnKvix KwgDwbwU †gwW‡Kj Awdmvi
(SACMO) Ges cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î †gwW‡Kj Awdmvi‡`i gva¨‡g wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi wPwKrmv
cÖ`vb|
• cÖwkÿYcÖvß cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix (FWA) Ges ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix (HA) KZ…©K wba©vwiZ wewa
weavb Abyhvqx wØZxq I cieZx© †WvR Mf©wb‡ivaK Bb‡RKkb cÖ`vb|

28 | P a g e
 • ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv †mev MÖnxZv‡`i g‡a¨ RwUj †ivMx‡`i wPwýZKiY I cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖv_wgK
†mev cÖ`vbc~e©K `ªZ D”PZi ch©v‡q †idvi Kiv|
• kvixwiK, gvbwmK, ¯œvqyweK, kÖeY, AwURg, `„wó I eyw× cÖwZeÜx‡`i `ªæZ mbv³ K‡i KvD‡Ýwjs
I †idv‡i‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv|
• mvaviY RLg, R¦i, e¨_v, KvUv, †cov, `skb, welwµqv, nvucvwb, Pg©‡ivM Ges †PvL, `vuZ I
Kv‡bi mvaviY †iv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î jÿYwfwËK wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b D”PZi nvmcvZv‡j
†cÖiY|
• wK¬wb‡K AvMZ †mev MÖnxYKvix‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxeb-hvcb, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv I m¨vwb‡Ukb
(cwi‡ek ¯^v¯’¨, wbivc` cvwb cvb I cqtwb®‹vkb), mylg Lv`¨vf¨vm, wUKvi mvnv‡h¨ †ivM
cÖwZ‡iva, K…wg cÖwZ‡iva, kvj `yamn ey‡Ki `y‡ai mydj, Wvqwiqv cÖwZ‡iva, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, cywó,
GBPAvBwf/GBWmmn Ab¨vb¨ †hŠbevwnZ †ivM m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó, cwievi cwiKíbvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Gi wewfbœ c×wZ Ges AvPvi-AvPiY I `„wófw½i cwieZ©b, aygcvb, ZvgvK,
RÏ©v, mv`vcvZv, ¸j ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †bkv/gv`K RvZxq mvgMÖx wecbb I e¨env‡ii weiæ‡×
RbgZ ˆZwi Kiv| GKB mv‡_ Mf©Kvjxb 5wU wec` wPý, beRvZ‡Ki AZ¨vek¨Kxq hZœ,
beRvZ‡Ki 6wU wec` wPý Ges cÖme cwiKíbv wel‡q e¨vcK MYm‡PZbZv ˆZwi Kiv|
• A¯’vqx cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ msµvšÍ wewfbœ DcKiY, †hgb- KbWg, Lvevi ewo BZ¨vw`
mve©ÿwYK mieivn I weZiY wbwðZKiY|
• A¯’vqx cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ MÖnYKvix hviv †Kvb Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b Lvevi ewo/KbWg e¨envi
Ki‡Qb bv wKsev h²v, Kzô BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvaxb †ivMx, hviv Jla †me‡bi Rb¨ Avm‡eb
bv ev cÖ_g/wØZxq ‡WvR wUKv MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ hviv wØZxq/Z…Zxq †WvR wUKv wb‡Z wK¬wb‡K
Avm‡Qb bv A_ev Mf©eZx gwnjv hviv cÖmec~e© I cÖm‡evËi †mev MÖnY K‡iwb, Zv‡`i Lyu‡R †ei
K‡i cybivq wPwKrmv/‡mev e¨e¯’vq wdwi‡q Avbv|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy nevi ciI cÖ‡qvR‡b evwo‡Z wM‡q Ges wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi `~ieZx© GjvKvq
emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K ‡mev cÖ`vb Kiv|
• cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY Ges e¨e¯’vw` _vKv mv‡c‡ÿ fwel¨‡Z ¯^vfvweK cÖme cwiPvjbv Kiv
• cvwievwiK ch©v‡q kh¨vkvqx †ivMx‡`i hviv †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡`i cÖwkÿY Ges eq¯‹ e¨w³‡`i
msMwVZ K‡i e¨qvg I Ab¨vb¨ Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv‡`i e¨e¯’v Kiv|

➢ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mieivnK…Z Jl‡ai ZvwjKv:

KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKmg~‡n mvaviYZ 29 ai‡bi Jla mieivn Kiv n‡q _v‡K| DcKvi‡fvMxiv Zv‡`i mgm¨v
Abyhvqx wK¬wbK †_‡K Gme Jla m¤ú~Y© webvg~‡j¨ †c‡q _v‡Kb| wb‡P KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mieivnK…Z
Jl‡ai ZvwjKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
1. G¨v‡gvw·wjb K¨vcmyj 250 wg: MÖv:
1. G¨v‡gvw·wjb W&ªvB wmivc 100 wg: wj:

29 | P a g e
2. G¨v‡gvw·wjb c¨vwWqvwUªK Wªc 10 wg: wj:
3. G›UvwmW U¨ve‡jU 650 wg: MÖv:
4. ‡K¬vi‡dwbivwgb U¨ve‡jU 4 wg: MÖv:
5. †divm wdDgv‡iU+dwjK GwmW 200, 40 wg: MÖv:
6. c¨vivwmUvgj U¨ve‡jU 500 wg: MÖv:
7. †cwbwmwjb - wf U¨ve‡jU 250 wg: MÖv:
8. mvjweDUvgj U¨ve‡jU 2 wg: MÖv:
9. mvjweDUvgj wmivc 60 wg: wj:
10. Gj‡eÛvRj U¨ve‡jU 400 wg: MÖv:
11. Gj‡eÛvRj mvm‡cbkb 30 wg: MÖv:
12. †eb‡RvwqK I m¨vwjmvBwjK GwmW A‡q›U‡g›U 1 †K:wR:
13. †K¬vivg‡dwbKj AvBWªc 0.5%, 10 wg: wj:
14. †K¬vivg‡dwbKj AvB A‡q›U‡g›U 1%, 5 MÖvg
15. †Rbkb fv‡qv‡jU 2% UwcK¨vj mjy¨kb 10 wg: wj:
16. nv‡qvwmb weDUvBj †eªvgvBW U¨ve‡jU 10 wg: MÖv:
17. †g‡UªvwbWvRj U¨ve‡jU 400 wg: MÖv:
18. Iivj winvB‡Wªkb më (IAviGm)
19. †ebRvBj †eb‡Rv‡qU G¨vwcø‡Kkb 100 wg: wj:
20. K¨vjwmqvg j¨vK‡UUvBU U¨ve‡jU 300 wg: MÖv:
21. †K¬vi‡dwbivwgb wgwj‡qU wmivc 60 wg: wj:
22. †KvUªvB‡gv·vRj U¨ve‡jU 120 wg: MÖv:
23.†KvwUª‡gv·vRj U¨ve‡jU 960 wg: MÖv:
24. Ww·mvBwK¬b K¨vcmyj 100 wg: MÖv:
25. wbIgvBwmb GÛ e¨vwmUªvwmb ¯‹xb A‡q›U‡g›U 10 MÖv:
26.c¨vivwmUvgj mvm‡cbkb 60 wg: wj:
27. wfUvwgb - we Kg‡cø· U¨ve‡jU
28.wR¼ wWmcvwm©ej U¨ve‡jU 20 wg: MÖv:
29. wfUvwgb - G K¨vcmyj 200000 AvBBD

30 | P a g e
 PZz_© Aa¨vq

c×wZ
➢ mgxÿvi Kg©c×wZ (Methodology)
mgvR M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| mgxÿvi aiY, mgq, ev‡RU
Ges M‡elK‡i cÖvavb¨Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i Gme c×wZ evQvB Kiv nq| ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ- kxl©K gvVKg©wU g~jZ cwiPvwjZ
n‡q‡Q `yBwU c×wZ‡Z| h_v:
1. cwigvYMZ c×wZ (Quantitative Method)
2. ¸YMZ c×wZ (Qualitative Method)
mgxÿvi cÖavb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z cwigvYMZ c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z wM‡q mvgvwRK Rwic (Social
Survey) Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ch©v‡q gvV ch©v‡q cwigvYMZ Z_¨ msMÖn‡i Rb¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i KvQ †_‡K
KvVv‡gve× cÖkœc‡Îi (Structured Questionnaire) gva¨‡g mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov
Z‡_¨i ¸YMZ gvb hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevcÖ`vbKvix Ges ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrmK I Jla
we‡µZvi m‡½ MfxiZi mvÿvrKv‡ii (In-depth Interview) mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q| GKB m‡½ bgybv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ch©‡eÿY (Observation), ‡Km ÷vwW (Case Study) I `jxq Av‡jvPbv (Focus
Group Discussion) we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Z‡_¨i ¸YMZ gvb hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q|

➢ cwigvYMZ mgxÿvi bgybvqb (Sampling):

✓ mgxÿvi bgybv GjvKv: GB gvVK‡g©i bgybv wn‡m‡e D‡Ïk¨g~jK bgybvq‡bi (Purposive
Sampling) gva¨‡g ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK‡K wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wK¬wbKwU evsjv‡`‡ki
D‡Ëie‡½i MvBevÜvi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi 2 bs †mvbvivq BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| GB
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU ejivg MÖv‡gi †Rvov Av‡gi Zj bvgK ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z| wK¬wbKwUi bvg ejivg
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡jI GwU ïaygvÎ ejivg MÖv‡gi GjvKvevmx‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i bv| Gi cvkvcvwk
cwðg wkeivg, ¯‹z‡ji evRvi, PiæqvUvix MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`iI †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Q GB wK¬wbKwU|
ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ-
gvVK‡g© cwigvYMZ c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z wM‡q mvgvwRK Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

✓ mvgvwRK Rwic (Social Survey): Mark Abram mvgvwRK Rwi‡ci msÁvq e‡j‡Qb,
ÔmvgvwRK Rwic Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, hvi Øviv GKwU m¤úª`v‡qi MVb I Kvh©vewji mvgvwRK Dcv`vb
m¤ú‡K© msL¨vMZ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv nq|Õ E. S. Bogardus mvgvwRK Rwic‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb
Gfv‡e, ÔmvgvwRK Rwic n‡”Q Rxebhvcb I Kv‡Ri Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© e¨vcKfv‡e ej‡j GKwU wbw`©ó
m¤úª`v‡qi RbMY m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖnÕ (gvbœvb, 2016)|

31 | P a g e
 GB gvVK‡g© mvgvwRK Rwic (Social Survey) cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
DcKvi‡fvMx wewfbœ eq‡mi bvix-cyiæl‡K Zv‡`i evwo ch©v‡q mvÿvrKv‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB mgxÿvq wewfbœ ¯Íi n‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ ‰`ePqb (Random Sampling) Gi
gva¨‡g cÖvß eq¯‹ bvix I cyiæl‡K wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Pvicv‡k 2 wK‡jvwgUvi
`~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z evwo/Lvbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i bgybv GjvKv (K¬v÷vi) we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| bgybv
GjvKvq emevmKvix cÖvß eq¯‹ bvix-cyiæ‡li cvkvcvwk DcKvi‡fvMx 18 eQ‡ii Kg wK‡kvi-
wK‡kvix‡`i‡KI mgxÿvq AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e 54 Rb cyiæl Ges 74 Rb gwnjvmn †gvU 128
Rb DcKvi‡fvMx‡K GB mgx¶vq mv¶vrKv†ii Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

➢ mgxÿvi ¸YMZ ch©v‡jvPbv c×wZ

GB mgxÿvq cwigvYMZ ev msL¨vMZ (Quantitative Method) c×wZi cvkvcvwk wb¤œwjwLZ ¸YMZ
(Qualitative Method) c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

✓ MfxiZi mvÿvrKvi (In-depth Interview):

‡h‡Kv‡bv mgxÿvq ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z Z‡_¨i gvb we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ mvÿvrKv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv wb‡q gvDivDm
cvbP (Maurice Punch) e‡j‡Qb, Ô¸YMZ M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mvÿvrKvi GKwU Ab¨Zg
c×wZ| GwU Ggb GKwU c×wZ, hvi mvnv‡h¨ gvby‡li aviYv, A_©, †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v Ges ev¯ÍeZvi wbg©vY
m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| KvD‡K †evSvi Rb¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU kw³kvjx c×wZ n‡jv mvÿvrKvi (cvbP: 1994)|Õ
C.A. Moser & G. Kalton Gi g‡Z, ÔmvÿvrKvi n‡”Q DËi`vZvi KvQ †_‡K wbw`©ó wKQz Z_¨ †ei
K‡i Avbvi j‡ÿ¨ mvÿvrKvi MÖnYKvix Ges DËi`vZvi g‡a¨ K‡_vcK_bÕ (Bmjvg 2010)|
GB gvVK‡g© ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ GKR‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wK¬wb‡Ki `vwqZ¡iZ KwgDwbwU †nj_ †Kqvi ‡cÖvfvBWvi (wmGBPwmwc) Rbve ‡iRIqvbyj n‡Ki
wbweo mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z `xN©w`b a‡i
GdWweøDG c`wU k~b¨ n‡q Av‡Q| GQvov wK¬wb‡Ki `vwqZ¡cÖvß GBPG K‡qKw`b a‡iB AwbqwgZ| ZvB
Zvi mvÿvrKvi MÖnY m¤¢e nqwb|
GQvov ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrmK Rbve mvBdzj Bmjv‡gi wbweo mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb ïay cjøx
wPwKrmKB bb, ¯’vbxq evRv‡i Zvi GKwU Jl‡ai †`vKvbI Av‡Q, hvi bvg Ôgv dv‡g©mx|Õ

✓ `jxq Av‡jvPbv (Focus Group Discussion):

mvgvwRK mgxÿvq ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ wel‡qi Z_¨-DcvË msMÖ‡ni GKwU DrK…ó Dcvq n‡”Q `jxq
Av‡jvPbv (Focus Group Discussion)| mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L †Kv‡bv Kg©m~Px A_ev Ae¯’v
mswkøó mgagx© m`m¨‡`i ga¨ n‡Z we‡kl cÖwµqvq wbe©vwPZ ÿz`ª `j‡K mywbqwš¿Z Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM w`‡q

32 | P a g e
Gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Av‡eMNb I AvZ¥wbô w`K ev` †i‡L AvPiY, `„wófw½, mš‘wó,D‡ØM Ges RwUj cvi¯úwiK
m¤úK© cÖvmw½K Z_¨vewj msMÖ‡ni c×wZB n‡jv `jxq Av‡jvPbv (gvbœvb, 2016)|
GB gvVK‡g©i Z‡_¨i gvb hvPvB‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i wb‡q †gvU 3wU `jxq Av‡jvPbv (Focus
Group Discussion) m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖvß eq¯‹ gwnjv‡`i
wb‡q| †hLv‡b 14 Rb DcKvi‡fvMx m`m¨ Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| cÖvß eq¯‹ 11 Rb cyiæl m`m¨ wb‡q Av‡iKwU
`jxq Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| GQvov 18 eQ‡ii wb‡Pi wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i hviv GB cÖK‡íi
DcKvi‡fvMx, Ggb 27Rb‡K (12 Rb wK‡kvi I 15 Rb wK‡kvix) GK‡Î wb‡q Aci `jxq Av‡jvPbv
m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB `jwUi mevB Lvgvi gwbivg D”P we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x©| D³ cÖwZôvbwUi cÖavb
Rbve mv‡R`yi ingvb mvRy m¨v‡ii mn‡hvwMZvq g~jZ GB ZiæY-ZiæYx‡`i mv‡_ `jxq Av‡jvPbvwU mdj
n‡q‡Q| GB mKj `jxq Av‡jvPbvq g~jZ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Gi f~wgKv, †mevi gvb,
†mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i `¶Zv, Jlac‡Îi cÖvc¨Zv BZ¨vw`, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Gi mej I `ye©jw`K, ¯’vbxq
RbM‡Yi mycvwik BZ¨vw` wel‡q †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I gZvgZ †bqv nq|

✓ †Km ÷vwW (Case Study):

mvgvwRK mgxÿvq †Km ÷vwW GKwU RbwcÖq I eûj e¨eüZ c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³, cwievi,
cÖwZôvb, MÖæc ev m¤úª`vq‡K we‡køl‡Yi GKK wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i D³ GK‡Ki wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
AbymÜvbKvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Biesanz Gi g‡Z, Ô‡Km ÷vwW n‡”Q ¸YMZ we‡køl‡Yi GKwU c×wZ,
hv GKRb e¨w³, GKwU Ae¯’v ev †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi ¯§c‡K© mZK© I m¤ú~b© ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ|Õ P.V.
Young e‡j‡Qb, Ô‡Km ÷vwW n‡”Q GKwU mvgvwRK GK‡Ki Rxebaviv AbymÜvb I we‡køl‡Yi c×wZ|
D³ GKK †Kv‡bv e¨w³, cwievi, cÖwZôvb, mvs¯‹…wZK `j A_Pv GgbwK mgMÖ m¤úª`vqI n‡Z cv‡iÕ (Avjg,
1993)|
GB gvVKg©wU‡Z DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i †_‡K cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †Km ÷vwWwU
cwðg wkeivg MÖv‡gi Mdzi wgqvi 17 eQi eqmx †Q‡j kvgxg Bmjvg mvM‡ii| wØZxq †Km ÷vwWwU ejivg
MÖv‡gi †kdvjx LvZz‡bi bvZwb nvwm (10) Av³v‡ii| Z…Zxq †Km ÷vwWwU Lvgvi gwbivg D”P we`¨vj‡qi
mnKvix wkÿK Rv‡e`yj Bmjv‡gi (33)| PZz_© †Km ÷¨vwWwU cwðg wkeivg MÖv‡gi fvUvi cvo A‡ji
evwm›`v Avw¤^qv †eM‡gi (55)| cÂg Ges me©‡kl †Km ÷vwWwU PiæqvUvix A‡ji nvweeyi ingv‡bi †g‡q
†nbv LvZz‡bi (21)| GB gvVK‡g© D‡jøwLZ cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

✓ ch©‡eÿY (Observation):
mvaviYfv‡e ch©‡eÿY n‡”Q †Kv‡bv NUbv ev welq‡K Ae‡jvKb Kiv ev †`Lv| Z‡e mgxÿvi fvlvq, †Kv‡bv
NUbv ev welq‡K D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e I myk„•Ljfv‡e Ae‡jvKb Kiv Ges Z_¨ †iKW© KivB n‡”Q ch©‡eÿY|
P.V. Young Gi g‡Z, Ô`„k¨gvb welqe¯‘‡K myk„•Ljfv‡e †`Lv‡KB ch©‡eÿY wn‡m‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|Õ Bernard S. Phillips ch©‡eÿ‡Yi msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÔZ_¨ msMÖn‡i Rb¨ ch©‡eÿY
c×wZ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU †KŠkj, hv‡Z AbymÜvKvix mivmwi cÖkœ wRÁvmv bv K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn K‡ibÕ (Bmjvg,
2010)|
33 | P a g e
GB gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡eÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q| | wK¬wbKwU‡Z
cwi`k©bKv‡j mKj †iKW© cÎvw` ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv hvPvB Kiv
n‡q‡Q-
1. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwiPvjbv, e¨e¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`‡Z GjvKvevmxi AskMÖnY, †mevi
mnRjf¨Zv Ges DcKvi‡fvMxi †mev MÖn‡Yi m¶gZv
2. wmGBPwmwc, GBPG Ges GdWweøDG-†`i Dcw¯’wZ, †mev cÖ`vb, Jla mieivn
3. wPwKrmv msµvšÍ hš¿cvwZ mn Ab¨vb¨ cY¨ mieivn Ges Zv‡`i e¨envi
4. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mvgwMÖK Ae¯’v
5. GjvKvevmx, DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i ga¨Kvi ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZv
wK¬wb‡Ki cvkvcvwk D³ GjvKvi ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKvb¸‡jv‡ZI m‡iRwg‡b Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv
†bIqvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †K‡bv Ges †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vq gvbyl ¯’vbxq
Jl‡ai †`vKvb¸‡jv‡K fimv Ki‡Q| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wb‡q Zv‡`i `„wófw½I †evSvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡i DwjøwLZ c×wZ¸‡jv QvovI mswkøó †iKW© cÎ/ wi‡cvU© we‡kl K‡i KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wb‡q c~e©eZx©
M‡elYvcÎ msMÖn I ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †mLvb †_‡K Z_¨ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wb‡q
wewfbœ msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ msev`, B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw` msMÖn I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

➢ Z_¨ GKÎxKiY I we‡kølY:

cÖ_gZ gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ c×wZ Abyhvqx Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici gvVKg© †_‡K msM„nxZ Z_¨
cwigvYMZ cÖkc œ ÖÎ †KvwWs I Z_¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i mwbœ‡ewkZ (Gw›Uª) Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi
mdUIqvi gvB‡µvmdU G‡·j †cÖvMÖv‡gi †KvwWs wkU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z
msM„nxZ Z_¨vw`I GKÎxKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ kZKiv nv‡i I Moweb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx mviYx I wewfbœ ai‡bi Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g Zv we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î
ïaygvÎ DËi`vZv‡`i gZvgZ¸‡jv fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cieZx©‡Z Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i ch©v‡jvPbv
I we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

34 | P a g e
 cÂg Aa¨vq

Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb I we‡kølY

➢ cwigvYMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g Rwi‡ci djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY:
ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ- kxl©K
gvVK‡g©i cÖavb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z cwigvYMZ c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z wM‡q mvgvwRK Rwic
(Social Survey) Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ch©v‡q gvV ch©v‡q cwigvYMZ Z_¨ msMÖn‡i Rb¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i
KvQ †_‡K KvVv‡gve× cÖkœc‡Îi (Structured Questionnaire) gva¨‡g mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wb‡P Rwic †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨i djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-

▪ 1. Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix bgybv DËi`vZv‡`i ˆewkó¨:

Rwic Kvh©µgwU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cyiæl I gwnjv Dfq wj‡½i DcKvi‡fvMx m`m¨‡`i Z_¨ msMÖn I
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| gwnjv I cyiæl Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wewfbœ eq‡mi bgybv msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mviYx- 1: bgybvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm I wj½wfwËK Z_¨

eqm cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

1-18 eQi 26 22 48

19-40 eQi 22 24 46

41-60 eQi 4 14 18

60 Gi AwaK 2 14 16

‡gvU 54 74 128

cwigvYMZ Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G mgxÿvq †gvU 128Rb DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i (gwnjv I cyiæl) Ici Z_¨ msMÖn
I AbymÜvb cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †gvU bgybvi 42% (54 Rb) n‡jv cyiæl Ges evwK 58% (74 Rb)
n‡jv bvix|
bgybvq AskMÖnYKvix DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i g‡a¨ 18 eQ‡ii wb‡P cyiæl 26 Rb Ges 22 Rb gwnjvi Z_¨
†bIqv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ eq‡mi DËi`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 19-40 eQi eqmx cyiæl 22 Rb, gwnjv 24 Rb;
41-60 eQi eqmx‡`i g‡a¨ cyiæl 4 Rb, gwnjv 14 Rb Ges 60 Gi AwaK eqmx‡`i g‡a¨ cyiæl i‡q‡Q
2 Rb Ges gwnjv 14 Rb| cyiæl‡`i Mo eqm 27 eQi (me©wb¤œ 13 eQi, m‡e©v”P 81 eQi) Ges gwnjv‡`i
Mo eqm 37 eQi (me©wb¤œ 14 eQi, m‡e©v”P 84 eQi)|

35 | P a g e
 PvU©- 1: bgybvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eqm I wj½wfwËK Z_¨
30 26
24
25 22 22
20
14 14
15

10
4
5 2
0
1-18 eQi 19-40 eQi 41-60 eQi 60 Gi AwaK
cyiæl 26 22 4 2
bvix 22 24 14 14

cyiæl bvix

Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i g‡a¨ 53% cyiæl Ges 70% gwnjv weevwnZ| Rwi‡c Ask
†bIqv cyiæl‡`i Mo wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv Aóg †kÖwY Ges gwnjv‡`i Mo wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv lô †kÖwY| cyiæl‡`i
g‡a¨ 42% w`bgRyi, 38% wkÿv_x©, 14% K…wl kÖwgK, 3% ÿz`ª e¨emvqx, 2% PvKzixRxex Ges evwK 1%
†eKvi| gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ 68% M„wnYx, 29% wkÿv_x©, 3% Mv‡g©›Um kÖwgK|

▪ 2. ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡PZbZv:

bgybvq AskMÖnYKvix cyiæl I gwnjvi mKj‡KB wewfbœ ai‡bi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vbKvix cÖwZôvb Rvb‡Z PvIqv
nq| ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ ai‡bi ‡ivM wKsev mgm¨vq ‡mev`vbKvix †Kvb †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b Zviv wM‡qwQ‡jb,
Zv Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|
mviYx- 2: ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vbKvix cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡PZbZv (AvbycvwZK nvi)
cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vbKvix cÖwZôvb
(msL¨v 54) (msL¨v 74) (msL¨v 128)
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK 100% 100% 100%

cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ª 6% 3% 4%

Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø· 65% 53% 60%

‡emiKvwi nvmvcvZvj 23% 18% 20%

gv I wkï g½j †K›`ª 3% 3% 3%

36 | P a g e
Rwi‡c D‡V Av‡m, AskMÖnYKvixi mKj (100%) cyiæl I gwnjv GjvKvi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev
m¤ú‡K© AewnZ| GQvov Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡·i ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q AewnZ Av‡Qb 60%, ‡emiKvwi
nvmcvZv‡ji †mev wb‡q 20%, cwievi Kj¨vY †K‡›`ªi †mev wb‡q gvÎ 4% Ges gv wkï g½j †K‡›`ªi
†mev wb‡q 3% AewnZ Av‡Q|

▪ 3. mvaviY †ivM ev mgm¨vi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq me©cÖ_g gv_vq Avmv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôvb
mvaviY †ivM wKsev cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôv‡b hvIqv nq, wKsev †Kvb
¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôv‡bi bvg cÖ_‡g gv_vq Av‡m, GwU Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡` Kv‡Q|
Rwi‡ci djvdj wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
mviYx-3: cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq me©cÖ_g gv_vq Avmv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vbKvix cÖwZôvb
mvaviY †ivM ev mgm¨vq cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq
cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
me©cÖ_g gv_vq Avmv †mev cÖwZôvb
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K 20 34 54

cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q 8 6 14

¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b 20 30 50

Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· 6 4 10

‡emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡j 0 0 0

‡gvU 54 74 128

PvU©-2: cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mevq cÖ_‡g †hLvb †_‡K †mev MÖnY Kiv nq
Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨
Kg‡cø‡·
8%

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K
42%

¯’vbxq Jl‡ai
†`vKv‡b
39%

cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q

11%

37 | P a g e
‡h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi mvaviY †ivM-wKsev cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq mevi Av‡M †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôv‡b hvIqv nq
wKsev †Kv_vq ‡mev wb‡Z hvIqv nq, Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e D‡V Av‡m, kZKiv 42 fvM (54 Rb) ZLb
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib| GQvov ¯’vbxq evRv‡i †h Jl‡ai †`vKvb Av‡Q, †mLvb †_‡K
Jla wb‡q Av‡mb 39% (50 Rb) bgybv| 11% bgybv (14 Rb) cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q civgk© ‡bIqvi
K_v fv‡eb| evwK _vKv 8% bgybv (10Rb) Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· hvIqvi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib| Z‡e mvaviY
†ivM ev mgm¨vq bgybv Ask MÖnYKvix‡`i †KDB ‡emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡ji K_v wPšÍv K‡ib bv (mviYx-3 I
PvU©-2)|

▪ 4. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q aviYv

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h †mev cvIqv hvq, Zv wRÁvmvev` Kiv n‡qwQj bgybv Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix‡`i| A_©vr
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj, Zv‡`i GjvKvq †h KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Av‡Q, †mLv‡b †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi
†mev cvIqv hvq| Rwi‡ci djvdj wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
mviYx-4: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q aviYv

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev m¤ú‡K© aviYv cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev I civgk© 44 50 94

Riæix I ¸iæZi wPwKrmv †mev 0 6 6

KvD‡Ýwjs †mev 2 2 4

‡Zgb †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqv hvq bv 8 16 24

†gvU 54 74 128

Rwi‡c D‡V Av‡m, 128 Rb DcKvi‡fvMxi g‡a¨ 94 Rb (73 kZvsk) g‡b K‡ib, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev I civgk© cvIqv hvq| GQvov 6 Rb g‡b K‡ib, †mLv‡b Riæix †mevI cvIqv hvq Ges
KvD‡Ýwjs †mev cvIqv hvq e‡j g‡b K‡ib 4 Rb| GQvov 18 kZvsk (24 Rb) bgybv g‡b K‡ib KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K †Zgb †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqv hvq bv (mviYx- 4)|

38 | P a g e
▪ 5. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖvß †mev
DcKvi‡fvMxi mK‡jB (100%) KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ges †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv mg‡q KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb †mev wb‡Z| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi †mev w`‡h _v‡K, Ggb cÖ‡kœi
wRÁvmvev‡` ‡hme Z_¨ D‡V Av‡m, ‡m¸‡jv n‡jv:
mviYx-5: KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖvß †mev (DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i AvbycvwZK nvi)
cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z cÖvß †mevmg~n
(msL¨v 54) (msL¨v 74) msL¨v (128)
mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv 90% 97% 94%

cwievi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© civgk© `vb 31% 34% 33%

Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk© 65% 80% 73%
beRvZ‡Ki wUKv cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© civgk© I wUKv cÖ`vb 75% 76% 76%
beRvZK wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk© 48% 29% 37%
†ivM RwUj n‡j Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv ch©v‡qi nvmcvZv‡j
17% 12% 14%
†idvi Kiv
†ivMxi cywó I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© civgk© 10% 7% 8%
cÖme cieZx© †mev I civgk© 4% 6% 5%

bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i 94% cyiæl I gwnjvi fvl¨, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h‡Kv‡bv mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv
†mev †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K| GQvov 33% bgybv AskMÖnYKvixi †`qv Z_¨vbyhvqx, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z cwievi
cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Ab¨vb¨ †mev Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk© cÖ`vb (73%), beRvZ‡Ki wUKv cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© civgk© I wUKv cÖ`vb
(76%),beRvZK wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk© (37%), †ivM RwUj n‡j Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv
ch©v‡qi nvmcvZv‡j †idvi Kiv (14%), †ivMxi cywó I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© civgk© (8%) Ges cÖme cieZx©
†mev I civgk© (5%)|

▪ 6. Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡`q †mev:

GB mgxÿvq Ask †bIqv weevwnZ 52Rb gwnjv DcKvi‡fvMx‡K Mf©eZx© gv‡q‡`i KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
wewfbœ †mev wb‡q cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj| weevwnZ gwnjv‡`i cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbyhvqx KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z Mf©eZx©
gv‡q‡`i †hme ‡mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zv mviYx-6 G D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:

39 | P a g e
 mviYx-6: KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡`q †mev
weevwnZ gwnjv gwnjv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK n‡Z Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡`q †mevmg~n
(msL¨v 52)
Mf© BwZnvm MÖnY 64%
kvixwiK cixÿv 33%

cÖm‡ei m¤¢ve¨ ZvwiL (BwWwW MYbv) 25%

cÖ¯ªve cixÿv 0%
AvqiY, dwjK GwmW Ges K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU MÖn‡Yi
76%
wel‡q civgk©
wUwU wUKv †`Iqv/ wb‡Z Dc‡`k MÖnY 68%
cwievi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© civgk© cÖ`vb 46%
Mf©Kvjxb wec`RbK ms‡KZ/ wPý m¤ú‡K© civgk©/ Dc‡`k
17%
cÖ`vb
Lv`¨ MÖnY, wekÖvg, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv wel‡q civgk© 21%
wbivc` cÖme m¤ú‡K© civgk© 12%

mviYx-6 †_‡K †`Lv hvq, 64% DcKvi‡fvMx gwnjvi Z_¨ Abyhvqx KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z Mf©eZx
gv‡q‡`i Mf©Kvjxb †mev cÖ`v‡bi mgq M‡f©i BwZnvm MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GQvov cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx
Mf©Kvjxb †mev cÖ`v‡bi mgq Mf©eZx gv‡qi kvixwiK cix¶v (33%), cÖm‡ei m¤¢ve¨ ZvwiL (BwWwW) MYbv
(25%) Kiv nq| AevK Kiv welq, mKj gwnjvB Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbwKwU‡Z
cÖ¯ªve cixÿv Kiv nq bv|
GQvov Mf©Kvjxb Dc‡`k I civgk© cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z Avqib, dwjK GwmW Ges
K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU MÖn‡Yi wel‡q civgk© (76%), wUwU wUKv †`Iqv/wb‡Z Dc‡`k (68%), cwievi
cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© civgk© (46%), Mf©Kvjxb wec`RbK ms‡KZ/wPý m¤ú‡K© Dc‡`k (17%), Lv`¨
MªnY, wekªvg,cwi®‹vicwi”QbœZv wel‡q civgk© (21%) Ges wbivc` cÖme m¤ú‡K© civgk© (12%) cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

▪ 7. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi e¨vwß:

bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx cyiæl I gwnjv‡`i mK‡jB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zviv KZw`b ci ci
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb, G wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-7):

40 | P a g e
 mviYx-7: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi e¨vwß

KZw`b ci ci hvIqv nq cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

mßv‡n GKevi 4 6 10
15 w`‡b GKevi 0 4 4
gv‡m GKevi 12 2 14
wZb gv‡m GKevi 2 8 10
Qqgv‡m GKevi 4 16 20
eQ‡i GKevi 4 10 14
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j hvB, mgq a‡i a‡i
28 28 56
hvBbv
†gvU 54 74 128

Rwi‡ci dj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, AwaKvsk Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zviv cÖ‡qvRb n‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb, mgq
a‡i a‡i hvb bv (44%)| GQvov mßv‡n AšÍZ GKevi wK¬wb‡K hvb 8%, `yB mßv‡n GKevi hvb 3%,
gv‡m GKevi hvb 11%, wZb gv‡m GKevi hvb 8%, Qq gv‡m GKevi hvb 15% Ges eQ‡i gvÎ GKevi
hvb 11% DcKvi‡fvMx (PvU©-3)|

PvU©-3: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z hvIqvi e¨vwß

mßv‡n GKevi 15 w`‡b GKevi
8% 3%
gv‡m GKevi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j hvB, 11%
mgq a‡i a‡i hvB bv
44%
wZb gv‡m GKevi
8%

Qq gv‡m GKevi
15%
eQ‡i GKevi
11%

41 | P a g e
▪ 8. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kvb ai‡bi hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q, Ggb
cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-8):
mviYx-8: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZmg~n:
cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ mg~n
(msL¨v 54) (msL¨v 74) msL¨v (128)
Wvqv‡ewUm gvcvi hš¿ 0% 0% 0%

IRb gvcvi hš¿ 56% 41% 47%

i³-Pvc gvcvi hš¿ 14% 12% 13%
hš¿cvwZi bvg ej‡Z cv‡ibwb 17% 23% 20%
hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q wK bv Rvbv †bB 12% 22% 18%

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ch©vß hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q wKbv, Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e kZKiv 62 fvM DcKvi‡fvMx Z_¨
w`‡q‡Qb, cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZi K‡qKwU Av‡Q| GQvov 20% DcKvi‡fvMxi Z_¨vbyhvqx, †hme hš¿cvwZ
Av‡Q, Zviv †mm‡ei bvg ev KvR Rv‡bb bv| evwK 18% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q wK bv, †m m¤ú‡K©
AewnZ bb Zviv| Zv‡`i Z_¨vbyhvqx, IRb gvcvi hš¿ (47%), i³Pvc gvcvi hš¿ (13%) Av‡Q
wK¬wbKwU‡Z| Rwi‡c Ask †bIqv mK‡jB Rvwb‡q‡Qb, GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z Wvqv‡ewUm gvcvi hš¿
†bB|

▪ 9. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q mš‘wói gvÎv

ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h †mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq, ‡mB †mev wb‡q wb‡q DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i mš‘wói gvÎv
Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj| Rwi‡c hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-9):
mviYx-9: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q mš‘wói gvÎv

mš‘wói gvÎv cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

LyeB mš‘ó 12 26 38

‡gvUvgywU mš‘ó 32 32 64
mš‘ó bB 8 14 22
gšÍe¨ †bB 2 2 4
†gvU 54 74 128

42 | P a g e
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h †mev †`Iqv nq, ‡mB †mev wb‡q mš‘ó wKbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡j DcKvi‡fvMx 128 R‡bi
g‡a¨ A‡a©K Ask Rvbvb, Zviv †gvUvgywU mš‘ó (50%)| GQvov 38 Rb LyeB mš‘ó (30%), mš‘ó bb 22
Rb (17%)| evwK _vKv 4 R‡bi (3%) mš‘wó wb‡q †Kv‡bv gšÍe¨ †bB (mviYx-9 I PvU©-4)|

PvU©-4: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q mš‘wói gvÎv

gšÍe¨ †bB
3%

mš‘ó bq LyeB mš‘ó

17% 30%

‡gvUvgywU mš‘ó
50%

▪ 10. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Jl‡ai cÖvc¨Zv

cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq DcKvi‡fvMxiv hLb KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb, †mLv‡b hvIqvi ci Zviv Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb
Abyhvqx ch©vß cwigv‡b Jla cvb wK bv, Ggb wRÁvmvev‡` hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-10):
mviYx-10: Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Jl‡ai cÖvc¨Zv

wK¬wb‡K Jl‡ai cÖvc¨Zv cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

Pvwn`v / cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla
28 30 58
cÖ`vb K‡i
Pvwn`v / cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla
26 44 70
cÖ`vb K‡i bv
†gvU 54 74 128

Rwi‡c D‡V Av‡m, DcKvi‡fvMx 128 R‡bi g‡a¨ AwaKvskB (70 Rb) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Jla cvIqv hvq bv (55%)| evwK 45% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla cvIqv hvq
(58 Rb)| GLv‡b AevK Kiv welq n‡jv, Jla cÖvc¨Zvq gwnjviv wcwQ‡q (59%)| Zv‡`i AwaKvs‡ki
Awf‡hvM, wK¬wb‡K Jla _vKvi c‡iI Zv‡`i †mLvb Jla †bB e‡j Rvbv‡bv nq (mviYx (10 I PvU© 5)|

43 | P a g e
 PvU©-5: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Jl‡ai cÖvc¨Zv
50
44
45
40
35
30
30 28
26
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Jla cvIqv hvq Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Jla cvIqv hvq bv
cyiæl gwnjv

▪ 11. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q Jl‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †mev †bIqvi Rb¨ †M‡jI cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla cvb bv e‡j
AwaKvs‡ki AwfgZ (55%)| Z‡e wK¬wbK †h †h Jla cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zvi Ici fimv Kiv hvq wK bv
Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡j bgybv DcKvi‡fvMxiv ‡hme Rvbvb (mviYx-11)
mviYx-11: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q Jl‡ai Kvh©KvwiZv

†gvU
wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q Jl‡ai Ici fimv cyiæl gwnjv
msL¨v kZKiv
fimv Kiv hvq, Jla fv‡jv KvR K‡i 46 62 108 84%
fimv Kiv hvq bv, †Zgb KvR K‡i bv 8 12 20 16%
†gvU 54 74 128

bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx Rb‡Mvôx AwaKvs‡ki †`Iqv Z_¨ g‡Z, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq †h Jla
†`Iqv nq, Zv Lye fv‡jv KvR K‡i| Rwi‡c Ask †bIqv 128 Rb cyiæl Ges gwnjvi 108 RbB (84%)
Ggb K_v e‡j‡Qb| †m Kvi‡YB wK¬wb‡K ch©vß Jla bv cvIqv †M‡jI cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq wK¬wbK wegyL nb
bv| Z‡e evwK _vKv 16% (20 Rb) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, ‡mLv‡b †h Jla †`Iqv nq, Zvi Ici fimv Kiv hvq
bv| †Kbbv, Zv‡`i g‡Z, wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡`q Jla †Zgb KvR K‡i bv|

44 | P a g e
▪ 12. miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev:
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ïµevi Ges miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ evwK mew`b wbqwgZfv‡e †mev cÖ`vb K‡i
hv‡e e‡j bxwZgvjvq D‡jøL Av‡Q| wKš‘ Av‡`Š Zv cvjb Kiv n‡”Q wK bv, †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j bgybv
DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Z‡_¨ hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-12):
mviYx-12: ïµevi I mivmwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev

miKvix QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ w`b †gvU

cyiæl gwnjv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ‡gvU kZKiv

wbqwgZ †Lvjv _v‡K 16 18 34 27%

gv‡S g‡a¨B eÜ _v‡K 28 36 64 50%

mwVK Rvbv †bB 10 20 30 23%

‡gvU 54 74 128

bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i A‡a©K (50%) Rvbvb, ïµevi Ges Ab¨vb¨ QzwUi w`b QvovI KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
gv‡S g‡a¨B eÜ _v‡K| GQvov wK¬wbK wbqwgZ †Lvjv _v‡K e‡j Rvbvb 27 kZvsk bgybv| evwK 23% G
e¨vcv‡i mwVK Rv‡b bv (mviYx-12)|

▪ 13. mgqm~Px †g‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev:

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki bxwZgvjvq ¯úó D‡jøL Av‡Q, wK¬wb‡Ki †mev mKvj 9Uv †_‡K ïiæ n‡q we‡Kj 3Uv
ch©šÍ we`¨gvb _vK‡e| Z‡e gvVch©v‡q RbM‡Yi m‡½ K_v e‡j D‡V Av‡m wfbœ wPÎ| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv
mgqm~Px wVKVvK †g‡b P‡j wK bv, Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e hv D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-13),
mviYx-13: mgqm~Px †g‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖ‡`q †mev

†gvU
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cyiæl gwnjv
msL¨v kZKiv
wbw`©ó mg‡q †Lvjv/eÜ Kiv nq 12 28 40 31%
mgqm~Px †g‡b P‡j bv 38 44 82 64%
mwVK Rvbv †bB 4 2 6 5%
†gvU 54 74 128

45 | P a g e
Rwic †_‡K D‡V Av‡m, kZKiv 31 fvM bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv wbw`©ó
mg‡q †Lv‡j (mKvj 9Uv) Ges wbw`©ó mg‡q eÜ K‡i (weKvj 3Uv)| AwaKvskB Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK¸‡jv GB mgqm~Px ‡g‡b †mev cÖ`vb K‡i bv (64%)| Zv‡`i g‡Z, mvaviYZ mKvj 10 Uvi c‡i
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †Lvjv nq| `ycy‡i †Rvn‡ii AvRvb (`ycyi GKUv) n‡jB wK¬wb‡Ki †mev`vb eÜ n‡q hvb
e‡j Rvbvb Zviv| evwK 5 kZvsk mgqm~Px †g‡b Pjvi e¨vcv‡i mwVK Rv‡b bv|

▪ 14. ‡mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i Dcw¯’wZ:

KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK hLb †Lvjv _v‡K, †mev wb‡Z hvIqvi ci †mev ‡c‡q‡Qb wKbv, Ggb wRÁvmvev‡` bgybvi
cyiæl-gwnjvi mK‡jB (100%) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, AšÍZ GKRb †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡K Zviv wK¬wb‡K †c‡q‡Qb|
†mev †c‡Z Zv‡`i M‡o 10 wgwbU ch©šÍ A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| †mevMÖnxZv‡`i g‡a¨ wmGBPwmwc-i wbKU
n‡Z 90% Ges evwK 10% ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvixi †_‡K †mev MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi cwievi Kj¨vY
mnKvixi c`wU `xN©w`b a‡i k~b¨ _vKvq Zvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqvi e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv Z_¨ D‡V Av‡mwb|
Z‡e KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev MÖnY Ki‡Z bgybv DcKvi‡fvMxi KvD‡KB (100%) UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nqwb
e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb Zviv|

▪ 15. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z †mev`vb wM‡q AwfÁZv:

mvaviY †ivM ev Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ‡mev wb‡Z hvIqvi ci bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i †h
AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv (mviYx-14):
mviYx-14: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z wM‡q AwfÁZv

†gvU
wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z wM‡q AwfÁZv cyiæl gwnjv
msL¨v kZKiv
mgm¨vi K_v ï‡b †m Abyhvqx Jla ev civgk©
28 24 52 41%
cÖ`vb K‡ib
mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb, Z‡e memgq ch©vß Jla
22 40 62 48%
w`‡Z cv‡ib bv
mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb bv, JlaI †`b bv 4 10 14 11%

‡gvU 54 74 128

bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i kZKiv 41 fvM cyiæl I gwnjv‡`i fvl¨g‡Z, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z †M‡j
‡mLv‡b KZ©e¨iZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix Zv‡`i mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb Ges †m Abyhvqx Jla A_ev civgk©
cÖ`vb K‡ib| 48% DcKvi‡fvMx Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mgm¨vi K_v ïb‡jI memgq ch©vß Jla w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|

46 | P a g e
GQvov evwK 11% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, wK¬wb‡K KZ©e¨iZ ‡mev cÖ`vbKvixiv wVKfv‡e mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb bv,
Avevi †mevI cÖ`vb K‡ib bv|

▪ 16. ‡mevcÖ`vbKvixi e¨envi:

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K KZ©e¨iZ †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi ‡Kgb, †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j hv D‡V Av‡m
(mviYx-15):
mviYx-15: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi

†mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

LyeB fv‡jv, g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q mgm¨vi K_v
42 36 78
†kv‡bb
‡gvUvgywU gv‡bi e¨envi 6 24 30

e¨envi fv‡jv bv, Aí‡Z †i‡M hvb 6 14 20

‡gvU 54 74 128

PvU©-6: †mev`vZv‡`i e¨envi

16%
19%
11%
11% e¨envi LyeB fv‡jv
49% ‡gvUvgywU gv‡bi e¨envi
23%
e¨envi fv‡jv bv, Aí‡ZB †i‡M hvb
78% 61%
32%

(we.`ª: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev`vZv‡`i e¨envi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vw` wb‡q ˆZwiK…Z GB 6 bs Pv‡U©i mevi
wfZ‡ii ¯ÍiwU bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx cyiæ‡li, g‡a¨i ¯ÍiwU gwnjv‡`i, Ges me©ewn¯’ ¯ÍiwU cyiæl I gwnjvi
mw¤§wjZ gZvgZ)

47 | P a g e
bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i †`Iqv Z_¨vbyhvqx, †gvU 128 R‡bi 78 RbB (61%) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, †mev
cÖ`vbKvix‡`i e¨envi LyeB fv‡jv Ges ‡h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨v wb‡q †M‡j g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bb| cyiæl‡`i 78
kZvsk Ges gwnjv‡`i 49% GgbUv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| GQvov 30 Rb (23%) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, †mev cÖ`vbKvixi
e¨envi †gvUvgywU gv‡bi| evwK 20 Rb (16%) Gi g‡Z, †mevcÖ`vbKvixi e¨envi fv‡jv bq, Aí‡Z †i‡M
hvb| AevK Kiv welq, ‡mev cÖ`vbKvixi †i‡M hvIqvi wel‡q Awf‡hvM AwaKvskB G‡m‡Q gwnjv‡`i †_‡K
(19%)| Ab¨w`‡K gvÎ 11% cyiæl Ggb Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb (PvU©-6)| Z‡e Awf‡hvM _vK‡jI kZKiv
77 fvM cyiæl I gwnjv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, †mevcÖ`vbKvixiv Zv‡`i mgm¨vi ‡MvcbxqZv iÿv K‡iwQ‡jb|

▪ 17. ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK:

cÖv_wgK mgm¨vi cvkvcvwk ¸iæZi †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb wKbv, Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e hv
D‡V Av‡m (mviYx-16):
mviYx-16: ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK

†gvU
¸iæZi / RwUj mgm¨vq cyiæl gwnjv
msL¨v kZKiv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvB, ‡mev bv †c‡jI civgk© cvIqv
18 10 28 22%
hvq
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvB bv, KviY †mLv‡b ¸iæZi
36 64 100 78%
mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqv hvq bv
†gvU 54 74 128

Rwic †_‡K D‡V Av‡m, cÖv_wgK ‡mevi cvkvcvwk ¸iæZi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v‡ZI kZKiv 22 fvM cyiæl I
gwnjv me©cÖ_g KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ¸iæZi mgm¨vi †mev bv cvIqv †M‡jI
cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© Ges †idvivj cvIqv hvq e‡j Rvbvb Zviv| GQvov evwK 78% kZvsk Rvbvb, Zviv
¸iæZi mgm¨vq cÖ_‡g KwgDwbwU †m›Uv‡i Av‡mb bv| Zv‡`i g‡Z, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ¸iæZi mgm¨vi †mev
cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB †mLv‡b wM‡q jvf ‡bB (mviYx-16)|

▪ 18. ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© Ab¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖwZôvb:

mviYx-16 †_‡K D‡V Av‡m, ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb gvÎ 22% DcKvi‡fvMx| AwaKvsk
(78%) DcKvi‡fvMxB Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, ¸iæZi mgm¨vq Zviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici †Kv‡bv fimv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib bv| KviY, †mLv‡b ¸iæZi mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv †mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv
n‡qwQj, ¸iæZi mgm¨vq Zvn‡j Zviv †Kv_vq †mev ‡bb, Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Zviv Rvbvb (mviYx-17):

48 | P a g e
 mviYx-17: ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© †hLv‡b hvb †mev wb‡Z

¸iæZi mgm¨vq ‡hLv‡b hvIqv nq cyiæl gwnjv †gvU

‡emiKvwi wK¬wbK 10 4 14

Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø· 30 18 48

‡gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZvj 4 16 20
cjøx wPwKrmK / ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai
10 36 46
†`vKvb
‡gvU 54 74 128

Rwi‡c D‡V Av‡m, ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ev‡` me©vwaK 37% cyiæl I gwnjv Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨
Kg‡cø‡· †mev wb‡Z hvb| GQvov cjøx wPwKrmK wKsev ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b hvb 36% bgybv
DcKvi‡fvMx| GQvov 16% †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j Ges evwK 11% †emiKvwi wK¬wbK/nvmcvZv‡ji
kiYvcbœ nb RwUj mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î (mviYx-17 I PvU©-7)|

PvU©-7: ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© †hLv‡b hvIqv nq

‡emiKvwi wK¬wbK
cjøx wPwKrmK/ ¯’vbxq
11%
Jl‡ai †`vKb
36%

‡gwW‡Kj K‡jR Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨

nvmcvZvj Kg‡cø·
16% 37%

49 | P a g e
▪ 19. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi g~j¨vqY:
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv †h †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Q, Zvi mdjZvi Rb¨ Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj
DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Kv‡Q| ‡mLv‡b D‡V Av‡m, kZKiv 81 fvM DcKvi‡fvMx g‡b K‡ib KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK¸‡jv `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Ges 75% g‡b
K‡ib GjvKvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| kZKiv 53 fvM bgybv
DcKvi‡fvMx g‡b K‡ib †h, GjvKvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK _vKvi Kvi‡Y cÖm~wZ gv I wkïi g„Zz¨i nvi K‡g‡Q|
GQvov GjvKvi KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K ¯’vbxq RbMY DcK…Z n‡”Qb e‡j g‡b K‡ib 92 kZvsk bgybv
DcKvi‡fvMx|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki g~j¨vqY ‡_‡K AviI D‡V Av‡Q, kZKiv 84 fvM DcKvi‡fvMx Rvbvb, KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv cvIqv hvq| GQvov 63% DcKvi‡fvMx g‡b K‡ib, webvg~‡j¨ Jla cvIqv
hvq e‡j ¯’vbxq `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx mvaviY ‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici fimv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q|
evwoi Kv‡QB e‡j hvZvqvZ fvov jv‡M bv, GgbwU Rvwb‡q‡Qb 73% bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx (mviYx-18)|
mviYx-18: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi g~j¨vqY (AvbycvwZK nvi)
cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi g~j¨vqY
(msL¨v 54) (msL¨v 74) msL¨v (128)
mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv cvIqv hvq 80% 87% 84%

webvg~‡j¨ Jla cvIqv hvq 61% 64% 63%

evwoi Kv‡QB e‡j hvZvqvZ LiP jv‡M bv 65% 80% 73%
¯^v¯’¨ welqK civgk© cvIqv hvq 45% 46% 46%

▪ 20. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„wׇZ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿcmg~n:

Rwi‡c Ask †bIqv bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Kv‡Q KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„wׇZ
civgk© PvIqv n‡qwQj| †mLv‡b ‡hme welq D‡V G‡m‡Q, Zv n‡jv (mviYx-19):
mviYx-19: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿcmg~n
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cyiæl gwnjv †gvU
c`‡ÿc (msL¨v 54) (msL¨v 74) msL¨v (128)
ch©vß Jla mieivn wbwðZ Kiv 45% 44% 44%

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wbwðZ Kiv 27% 21% 24%

mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b †iwR÷vW© wPwKrmK KZ…©K †mev
65% 43% 52%
cÖ`vb

50 | P a g e
 QzwUi w`b mn mßv‡n mvZw`bB wK¬wbK †Lvjv ivLv 23% 18% 20%
24 N›Uv †mev cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv 10% 8% 9%
‡mev MÖnxZv‡`i emvi Rb¨ fv‡jv e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv 15% 21% 18%
Riæix cÖ‡qvR‡b †ivMx †idv‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î
6% 8% 7%
A¨v¤^y‡jÝ/Mvox/f¨v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
bigvj †Wwjfvwi/ mvaviY cÖme †mevi e¨e¯’v Kiv 48% 55% 52%
k~b¨c` `ªæZ c~iY Kiv 3% 3% 3%
‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i DbœZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv 21% 23% 22%
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ‡dvbKj mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv 15% 9% 12%

KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev I ¸YMZ gvb e„w×i Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡q c`‡ÿc †bIqvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb
bgybv DcKvi‡fvMxiv| Zv‡`i kZKiv 44 fvM g‡b K‡ib, G‡ÿ‡Î ch©vß Jla mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zvn‡j †KD wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK †mev wb‡Z wM‡q Lvwj nv‡Z †diZ hv‡e bv| GQvov bigvj †Wwjfvwi
Z_v mvaviY cÖme †mevi e¨e¯’v Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb 52% bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx| wVK GKB cwigvY
DcKvi‡fvMx (52%) KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b †iwR÷vW© wPwKrmK KZ…©K †mev cÖ`v‡bi
e‡›`ve¯Í Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb|
A‡b‡K kvixwiK †PK Avc Kiv‡Z KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb, wKš‘ wPwKrmv msµvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZi
Afv‡e A‡b‡K ‡mwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i 24% cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wbwðZKi‡Yi civgk©
w`‡q‡Qb| GQvov QzwUi w`b mn mßv‡ni mvZw`bB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †Lvjvi c‡ÿ 20%, 24 N›Uv †mev
cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi c‡ÿ 9%, †mev MÖnxZv‡`i emvi Rb¨ fv‡jv e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z 18%, Riæix
cÖ‡qvR‡b †idv‡ii †ÿ‡Î A¨v¤^y‡jÝ/Mvox/f¨v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi Rb¨ 7%, wK¬wb‡Ki k~b¨c` `ªæZ c~iY Ki‡Z
3%, †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i DbœZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z 22% Ges KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †dvbKj mvwf©m Pvjy
Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb 12% bgybv DcKvi‡fvMx|

51 | P a g e
➢ ¸YMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z‡_¨i djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY:
ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q ch©‡eÿY †Kw›`ªK gvVK‡g©i Rb¨ ¸YMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g GjvKvi
mswkøó Kvh©µ‡gi cÖfve g~j¨vqb welqvejxi Ici Z_¨-DcvË msMÖ‡ni djvdj wb¤œewY©Z cwi‡”Q‡`i gva¨‡g
Dc¯’vcb, ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv| ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z Z_¨-DcvË msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ‡hme KvR Kiv
n‡q‡Q-
1. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvix wmGBPwmwci mvÿvrKvi
2. cjøx wPwKrmK I ¯’vbxq Jla we‡µZvi mvÿvrKvi
3. DcKvi‡fvMx m`m¨‡`i m‡½ wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbvi (†dvKvm MÖæc wWmKvkb) djvdj
ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY
4. DcKvi‡fvMx m`m¨‡`i AwfÁZv ‡_‡K cÖvß cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv
5. m‡iRwg‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwi`k©b I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi djvdj we‡kølY
wb‡P DcwiD³ c×wZ‡Z cÖvß Z_¨-DcvË Dc¯’vcb, ch©v‡jvbPv I we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-

❖1. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvix wmGBPwmwci mvÿvrKvi:

DËi`vZvi Z_¨: bvg: ‡iRIqvbyj nK; eqm: 37 eQi; wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv: weGmGm; c`ex: KwgDwbwU †nj_
†Kqvi †cÖvfvBWvi (ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK)|
cÖkœ: ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Avcbviv KZRb ¯^v¯’¨†mev cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb?
DËi: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †gvU wZbRb _vKvi K_v| Gig‡a¨ Avwg mßv‡n Qqw`b wK¬wb‡K _vwK Ges †mev
cÖ`vb Kwi| GQvov ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix (GBPG) wn‡m‡e GKRb Av‡Qb| Dwb mßv‡n wZbw`b GLv‡b Av‡mb|
Z‡e cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix (GdWweøDG) c`wU `xN©w`b a‡i k~Y¨ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q|
cÖkœ: mßv‡n KZw`b †mev cÖ`vb K‡ib Avcbviv? Avcbv‡`i †mevi mgqm~wP KLb †_‡K KLb?
DËi: mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv ch©šÍ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ïµevi I Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ
evwK me w`bB †Lvjv _v‡K wK¬wbK|
cÖkœ: A‡b‡K Awf‡hvM Ki‡Q wK¬wbK mKv‡j mwVK mg‡q †Lvjv nq bv, Avevi `ycy‡i bvgv‡Ri c‡iB eÜ
Kiv nq wK¬wbK| Gi mZ¨Zv KZUzKz?
DËi: †`‡Lb, Avwg †Zv mKv‡jB evmv †_‡K †ei nB| †h‡nZz GB wK¬wb‡K Avwg `xN© Qq eQ‡ii †ewk mgq
a‡i KvR KiwQ, Avwg Ab¨ GjvKvi gvbyl n‡jI GB GjvKvi mevB Kg †ewk Avgv‡K ‡P‡bb| hLb Avwg
mKv‡j wK¬wb‡K Avmvi Rb¨ †ei nB, †`Lv hvq gvbylRb iv¯Ívq Avgv‡K _vwg‡q wewfbœ mgm¨vi K_v e‡jb|
ZLb †Zv Avwg bv Ki‡Z cvwi bv| †m Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv gv‡S gv‡S wK¬wb‡K †cŠuQv‡Z †`wi nq| wK¬wb‡K Avm‡Z
†`wi n‡jI wKš‘ Avwg evB‡iI †mev cÖ`vb KiwQ| Avi `ycy‡i A‡bK mgq hLb bvgvR co‡Z hvB, ZLb

52 | P a g e
†Kv‡bv Riƒix †dvb Avm‡j Zv‡`i evmvq hvB, cwiw¯’wZ †`‡L civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| Z‡e GUv Lye Kg mg‡qB
N‡U| ZvB hviv Avcbv‡K Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Q, Zviv nq‡Zv welqUv bv ‡R‡b, bv ey‡SB K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ: wK¬wb‡K wK wK †mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq?
DËi: Avgv‡`i KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K g~jZ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Rb¨ †ewk Av‡mb gvbylRb| †hgb R¦i, mw`©,
Kvwk, Kv‡bi mgm¨v, A¨vjvwR©- GB¸‡jvi Jla wb‡Z †ewk Av‡mb| GQvov Avgv‡`i GLv‡b Mf©Kvjxb
†mev, Mf© cieZx© †mev, cwievi cwiKíbv weelqK †mev I civgk© w`‡q _vwK Avgiv| GQvov wkï‡`i
wUKv (BwcAvB), Kg eqmx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i KvD‡Ýwjs †mevI cÖ`vb Kiv nq GLv‡b|
cÖkœ: cÖwZw`b M‡o KZRb †mev MÖnY K‡ib? Zv‡`i Z_¨ wjwce× K‡i ivLv nq wK bv?
DËi: cÖwZw`b M‡o 45 †_‡K 50 Rb †mev MÖnY K‡ib| hviv †mev wb‡Z Av‡mb, Zv‡`i Z_¨ wbeÜb K‡i
ivLv nq| Mf©eZx© gv wKsev 5 eQ‡ii wb‡P wkïi gv hviv, Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v †mevi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| Zv‡`i
bvg wbeÜxKiY LvZvI Avjv`v| mvaviYZ 20 †_‡K 45 eQi eqmxiv †ewk †mev wb‡Z Av‡mb|
cÖkœ: wK¬wb‡K Jla mieivn KZw`b ci ci †`Iqv nq?
DËi: GUv g~jZ KxU e‡·i Ici wbf©i K‡i| †hgb Gevi `y‡Uv KxU e· wb‡q AvmwQ, GUv w`‡q Pvi gvm
cvi Ki‡Z n‡e| KL‡bv KL‡bv GKev‡i Pvi/cvuPwU KxUe·I †`Iqv nq| †gvU K_v, Avgvi Rb¨ evrmwiK
eivÏ QqwU KxUe·| Z‡e GLv‡b e‡j ivLv fv‡jv, Avgiv Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mvZ/AvUUv KxUe·I wb‡q
Avm‡Z cvwi|
ZvQvov Avgv‡`i Dc‡Rjvi †h PivÂj Av‡Q, eb¨vi mgq †mLv‡b AwZwi· Jla Av‡m| Avevi KL‡bv
KL‡bv †mme A‡j cÖ‡qvRb co‡j GLvb †_‡K h‡ZvUv m¤¢e Zv‡`i w`‡q Avwm| Avevi Avgv‡`i wK¬wb‡K
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zv‡`i †_‡K wb‡q Avwm| g~jZ Avgiv cy‡iv Dc‡Rjv Gfv‡e mgš^q K‡i Pwj|
cÖkœ: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z A‡b‡KB ch©vß Jla cvb bv e‡j Awf‡hvM K‡ib| Gi KviY wK?
DËi: Avgv‡`i GB wK¬wb‡K Ggb wKQz wKQz Jla Av‡Q, †hUvi A‡bK Pvwn`v †ewk| †hgb Avgv‡`i MÖvgv‡j
cÖPzi gvby‡li Nv nq, PzjKvwb nq| ZvB PzjKvwbi gjg wKsev Jl‡ai Pvwn`v ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †ewk _v‡K|
†hgb †nvqvBU wdU bv‡g GKUv gjg Av‡Q| Gi GK wjUvi gjg †`Iqv nq `yB gv‡mi Rb¨| Avgv‡`i †h
mieivnUv ‡`Iqv nq, †mUv w`‡q †c‡i IVv m¤¢e nq bv| Avgvk‡qi Jla cÖwZ `yB gv‡mi Rb¨ 750 wcm
†`Iqv nq| wKš‘ GBUv w`‡q Kzjv‡Z cvwi bv| †m Kvi‡Y PvB‡jI Avgiv mevB‡K †ewk w`‡Z cvwi bv|
cÖkœ: A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, Avcwb wK¬wb‡Ki Rb¨ eivÏK…Z Jla evmvq wb‡q hvb| †mme Avcbvi cwievi ev
AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx e¨envi K‡ib| Gi Kvi‡Y gvbylRb bvwK ch©vß Jla cvb bv| Avcbvi
weiæ‡× GB Awf‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wK?
DËi: GUv m¤ú~Y© wfwËnxb Awf‡hvM| Avwg GLv‡b A‡bKw`b a‡iB AvwQ| mevi m‡½ nvwmgy‡L fv‡jv fv‡e
†mev cÖ`vb Kwi| A‡b‡K Pvq bv Avwg GLv‡b _vwK| Avwg GLvb †_‡K P‡j †M‡j Ab¨ ‡KD GLv‡b Avgvi
RvqMvq em‡Z cvi‡e| K‡qKRb Av‡Q, hviv Avgvi bv‡g Ggb ¸Re Qwo‡q †eovq| Avm‡j K_v n‡jv,
fv‡jv gvby‡li kÎæ †ewk| Avwg Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i fvwe bv| Avgvi wPšÍv †Kej GKUvB, Avgv‡K
GB A‡ji gvby‡li cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GLv‡b emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avwg †Póv Kwi, Avgvi
`vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e cvj‡bi Rb¨| ZvB †K wK ej‡jv, Gm‡ei avi avwi bv|

53 | P a g e
cÖkœ: Jl‡ai NvUwZ Qvov Avi wK wK NvZwU Av‡Q Avcbv‡`i?
DËi: Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q fv‡qvwWb †bB, m¨vfjb †bB| Avgv‡`i wK¬wb‡K cÖ_‡gi w`‡K Gme mieivn Kiv
n‡jI eZ©gv‡b Gme Avi †`Iqv nq bv| AvR‡K mKv‡jB GKRb ‡ivMx G‡m‡Q, ev”Pv †g‡q- Zvi Kv‡bi
mgm¨v| Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Gme DcKiY _vK‡j Avwg wKš‘ cwi®‹vi K‡i w`‡Z cviZvg| wKš‘ †bB e‡j Zv‡K
wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡jv| GB wRwbm¸‡jv NvUwZ Av‡Q Avgv‡`i|
Avgv‡`i wK¬wb‡K ‡h IRb gvcv †gwkb Av‡Q, ‡mUv Pj‡jI gv‡S gv‡S Sv‡gjv K‡i| ZvB hw` fv‡jv
gv‡bi IRb gvcv †gwk‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Rb¨ myweav nq| cvkvcvwk D”PZv gvcvi hš¿I
†bB GLv‡b| GQvov ‡h i³Pvc cwigv‡ci hš¿ Av‡Q, †mUv `ªæZ bó nq, ZvB GUvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| A‡b‡K
Wvqv‡ewU‡mi cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z Avm‡jI Avgiv gvc‡Z cvi‡ZwQbv| KviY Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Wvqv‡ewUm
wbY©‡qi hš¿cvwZ ‡bB| eZ©gv‡b GB hš¿wU LyeB cÖ‡qvRb, we‡kl K‡i MÖvgv‡j| wWwRUvj B †mev Pvjy Kivi
K_v bxwZgvjvq _vK‡jI Zv Pvjy †bB| KwgDwbwU †m›Uv‡i we`y¨r ms‡hvM †bB| wgUv‡ii e¨e¯’v †bB e‡j
d¨vb Pvjv‡Z cvwi bv GB Mi‡gI| eva¨ n‡q ¯’vbxq msm` m`m¨‡K a‡i †mŠi we`y¨‡Zi e¨e¯’v K‡i wb‡qwQ
e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M|
cÖkœ: KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K Avcbviv g~jZ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gi evB‡i hw` RwUj mgm¨vq
†KD Av‡m, ZLb Avcbviv wK K‡ib?
DËi: RwUj †Km wb‡q †KD Avm‡j Avgiv †idv‡ij †`B Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡·| Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Ggb
RwUj †Kv‡bv †Km/‡ivMx Avm‡j Avgiv †`‡L ï‡b civgk© †`B| Avgv‡`i GKUv †idv‡ij w¯øc Av‡Q, †mUv
c~iY K‡i Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· cvwV‡q ‡`B| Bgv‡R©wÝ ev Riæix †Km Lye KgB Av‡m Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q|
KviY Avgv‡`i wK¬wbK †Lvjv _v‡K mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv ch©šÍ| wKš‘ †`Lv hvq, †ewkifvM
Riæix/¸iæZi mgm¨vi NUbv N‡U AviI mKv‡j A_ev mܨvi w`‡K| ZLb †Zv Avgiv _vK‡Z cvwi bv|
ZLb GB †ivMxUv Avg‡`i †mev cvq bv|
cÖkœ: Avcbviv hviv wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`vbKvix wn‡m‡e Av‡Qb, Zv‡`i †KDB †gwW‡Kj †m±‡i cov‡kvbv
K‡ibwb| †Kej gvÎ Avcbviv GKUv cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Ici| Avcwb wK g‡b K‡i ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi
‡ÿ‡Î GB GKUv cÖwkÿY ch©vß?
DËi: cÖ_‡gi w`‡K 90 w`‡bi cÖwkÿY wb‡qwQ| Avgv‡`i Avm‡j AviI cÖwkÿY `iKvi| hZ cÖwkÿY
‡`Iqv n‡e, ZZ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ fv‡jv| Avgiv AviI fv‡jv gv‡bi †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| Avgiv
Avc‡WU _vK‡Z cvi‡ev| GKUv D`vinY †`B| Avwg hLb cÖ_g R‡qb Kwi cÖwkÿY †k‡l, ZLb GKRb
Mf©eZx© gvÕ‡K Zvi cÖm‡ei ci cÖ_g wZb gvm Avqib dwjK Jla w`Zvg bv| Avgv‡`i ZLb †mfv‡e wb‡`©k
†`Iqv wQj| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q, AvR‡KB hw` †Kv‡bv gv mšÍvb Rb¥ `vb K‡i,
Avgiv Zv‡K AvR‡KB Avqib dwjK Jla w`‡Z cvie| GKBfv‡e Av‡M mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi cvuP gv‡mi Av‡M
Avgiv K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU w`Zvg bv| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi ci †_‡KB GwU w`‡Z cvwi| Aek¨
wbqwgZ cÖwkÿY bv n‡jI †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv Avm‡j Zv Avgv‡`i m‡½ m‡½ cvwV‡q †`Iqv nq| Z‡e Avwg
g‡b Kwi, †Kej wb‡`©kbvB bq, Gi cvkvcvwk Avgv‡`i Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv DwPZ| Av‡MI
e‡jwQ, GLbI ejwQ, Avgv‡`i hw` wbqwgZ cÖwkÿY †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq, we‡kl K‡i e¨envwiK
cÖwkÿY, Zvn‡j Avgiv †hgb AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡Z cvie, wVK †Zgwb †mB AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvwM‡q
GjvKvevmx‡K AviI DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvie|

54 | P a g e
cÖkœ: GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Avi wK wK m¼U i‡q‡Q?
DËi: Avgv‡`i GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Rbej `iKvi| GB †h wK¬wbK cwi®‹vi †`L‡Qb,
GUv cÖwZw`b mKv‡j Avmvi ci Avwg wb‡RB cwi¯‹vi Kwi| Avwg †mev w`‡Z Avwm, A_P G‡mB mewKQz
cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z nq, iæg Svo– w`‡Z nq| Avevi cÖwZw`b hvIqvi mgq cwi®‹vi K‡i hvB| †h‡nZz Avwg wb‡RB
_vwK, ZvB cwi‡ek Avgv‡KB wVK ivL‡Z nq| Avwg hLb GB wK¬wb‡K cÖ_g R‡qb Kwi, ZLb GwU GZB
Acwi®‹vi I †bvsiv Ae¯’vq wQj †h, GUv w`‡K ZvKv‡bvI †h‡Zv bv| †Kej Avwg wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Kwi e‡j
GL‡bv G‡Zv my›`i Ae¯’vq Av‡Q wK¬wbKwU| Avgv‡`i Rbe‡ji m¼U e‡j †`Lv hvq Avgv‡K GKvB A‡bK
KvR mvgjv‡Z nq| cÖvq mvZ †_‡K AvUUv LvZv †gBb‡UBb Ki‡Z nq| ˆ`wbK LvZvi cvkvcvwk gvwmK
LvZvI Av‡Q| G¸‡jv †h‡nZz GKvB mewKQz Kwi, ZvB Avgvi Rb¨ GUv eo GKUv Pvc|
Avgv‡`i GLv‡b eR¨© †djvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| SzwoUv †h †`L‡Qb, Gme wb‡RB ‡i‡LwQ Avwg|
e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M Uq‡jUI wVK K‡i wb‡qwQ| Z‡e bvix-cyiæ‡li Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v Uq‡j‡Ui e¨e¯’v
†bB| GUv Ki‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv| GQvov wK¬wb‡K ch©vß emvi RvqMv †bB| GKmv‡_ A‡bKRb †mev
wb‡Z Avm‡j Zv‡`i evB‡i `vuwo‡q _vK‡Z nq|
cÖkœ: wK¬wb‡Ki ‡mevi cwimi evov‡Z Avi wK wK Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i?
DËi: Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †K‡U hvIqv †ivMx Avm‡j Avgv‡`i wKQz Kivi _v‡K bv| Avgv‡`i ‡K‡U hvIqv †ivMxi
†mjvB Kivi e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv ÿgZv †`Iqv nqwb| GB ai‡bi †Km cÖvqB Av‡m| wKš‘ Avgiv wKQzB Ki‡Z
cvwi bv| a‡ib GKUv ev”Pv iv¯Ív w`‡q nvuU‡Z w`‡q †Kv‡bv wKQzi m‡½ AvPo †j‡M cv †K‡U †h‡Z cv‡i|
GB Ae¯’vq Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avm‡j Avgiv †h e¨v‡ÛR K‡i †`e, †mUvI Avgiv cvwi bv| ‡Kbbv, Avgv‡`i
†mB ÿgZv †`Iqv nqwb| KviY GwU Ki‡Z †M‡j nq‡Zv AviI cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i
hZ †ewk cÖwkÿY †`Iqv n‡e, Avgiv Z‡Zv †ewk fv‡jv †mev w`‡Z cvie| cvkvcvwk Avgv‡`i GLv‡bB
Wvqv‡ewU‡mi †mev, hÿv-wbD‡gvwbqv wKsev †ncvUvBwUm we Gi wPwKrmv †mev hy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| i³Pvc
wbqš¿‡Yi wPwKrmv ev †beybvBRv‡ii e¨e¯’vI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wK¬wb‡K| GQvov MÖvgv‡j cÖvqB KzKz‡i
Kvgov‡bvi NUbv N‡U, †m‡ÿ‡Î wK¬wb‡K RjvZ¼ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv †mevi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j GjvKvevmxi
Rb¨B Zv fv‡jv n‡e| Z‡e AveviI ejwQ, Gm‡ei Rb¨ †h‡nZz AviI A‡bK cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q,
ZvB Avgv‡`i AviI hZ †ewk ‡mev m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿY †`Iqv n‡e, Avgiv Z‡Zv fv‡jv †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cvie e‡j g‡b Kwi Avwg|
cÖkœ: KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb evov‡Z AviI wK wK c`‡ÿc †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i?
DËi: Avcbv‡K †Zv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Avgiv hviv wmGBPwmwc wn‡m‡e R‡qb K‡iwQ, Zviv †Kej gvÎ 90
w`‡bi GKUv cÖwkÿY †c‡qwQ| ZvB Avgv‡`i AviI †ewk †ewk Ges `xN© †gqv`x cÖwkÿY w`‡j Avgiv †hgb
`ÿ n‡q DVe, †mevi gvbI ZLb fv‡jv n‡e| ‡mLv‡b Avgv‡`i e¨envwiK cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j fv‡jv
n‡e| hv‡Z †QvU-LvU KvUv-‡Qovi ‡ÿ‡Î Avgiv †mjvB w`‡Z cvwi wKsev wewfbœ mgm¨vq Bb‡RKk‡bi
gva¨‡g Jla I m¨vjvBb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvwi| GB ai‡bi e¨envwiK cÖwkÿY¸‡jv Avgv‡`i †`Iqv DwPZ|
ZvQvov Avgv‡`i GLv‡b †h k~b¨ c` Av‡Q, †mUv `ªæZ c~iY Kiv `iKvi| cvkvcvwk Avqv, bvBUMv‡W©i
(ˆbkcÖnix) g‡Zv mn‡hvMx Rbej e„w× Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i GLv‡b weï× cvwbi mgm¨v †bB| wKš‘
wK¬wb‡K we`y¨‡Zi e¨e¯’v †bB| †mŠi we`y¨Z w`‡q †Kv‡bv iK‡g Pj‡ZwQ| ZvB we`y¨‡Zi e¨e¯’v Kiv `iKvi|
G‡Z K‡i d¨vb Pvjv‡bv hv‡e, hviv †mev wb‡Z Avm‡eb, Mi‡gi mgq Zv‡`i Kó Kg n‡e| GQvov Avgv‡`i

55 | P a g e
†h Jla †`Iqv nq, Zv w`‡q MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Pvwn`v †g‡U bv| ZvB Avgv‡`i ch©vß Jla mieivn wbwðZ
Ki‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv nq| Avcbv‡K GKUz Av‡MB ejjvg, Avgv‡`i GLv‡b ch©vß wPwKrmv msµvšÍ hšÍcvwZ
bvB| †m¸‡jv mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov GLv‡b mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b †Kv‡bv GKRb GgweweGm
Wv³v‡ii gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`v‡bi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¸iæZi ev RwUj mgm¨vq Avgiv Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨
Kg‡cø‡· †idvi Kwi, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b A¨v¤^y‡jÝ ev †Kv‡bv Mvoxi e¨e¯’vI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Av‡iKUv e¨vcvi n‡jv, Avgiv hviv †mev cÖ`vb KiwQ, Avgv‡`i wKš‘ PvKzixUv GL‡bv RvZxqKiY nqwb|
Avgiv A‡bK mgq wbqwgZ †eZb-fvZvI cvB bv| Avgv‡`i GB e¨vcv‡i miKv‡ii bRi †`Iqv DwPZ|
KviY Avgv‡`i g‡b hw` Gme wb‡q wPšÍv bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avgiv wKš‘ wbwðšÍ g‡b AviI fv‡jv fv‡e †mev
w`‡Z cvi‡ev| †h welq¸‡jv GLv‡b ejjvg, GB e¨e¯’v¸‡jv Ki‡Z cvi‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb
AviI †e‡o hv‡e| gvbyl KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖwZ gvby‡li †h Av¯’v Av‡Q, †mUvI †e‡o hv‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b
Kwi|

❖2. ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki mvÿvrKvi:

DËi`vZvi Z_¨: †gv mvBdzj Bmjvg; eqm: 35 eQi; wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv: GBPGmwm; †ckv: Jla e¨emvqx
(gv dv‡g©mx, ¯‹z‡ji evRvi)|
cÖkœ: Avcwb g~jZ GKRb Jla we‡µZv| Avcwb wKfv‡e Jla weµq K‡ib?
DËi: Avgvi †`vKv‡b cÖvq me ai‡bi Jla cvIqv hvq| Wv³vi‡K †`Lv‡bvi c‡i †KD †cÖmwµckb wb‡q
Avm‡j Avwg †mB †cÖmwµck‡b D‡jøwLZ Jla weµq Kwi|
cÖkœ: MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk gvbylB †Zv Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvq bv| Zviv †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨v wb‡q Avcbvi Kv‡QB
Av‡m| Zviv ‡cÖmwµckb Qvov Avm‡j wK Avcwb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Jla weµq K‡ib bv?
DËi: Avcwb †Zv fv‡jv K‡iB Rv‡bb, Avgv‡`i GjvKvi gvbylRb `wi`ª| Zviv wVKg‡Zv †L‡ZB cv‡i bv|
†m Kvi‡Y mgm¨v n‡j AwaKvskB Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv Avgvi GLv‡b Avm‡j Avwg Zv‡`i
mgm¨v ï‡b, †PK Avc K‡i ‡m Abyhvqx Jla ‡`B Zv‡`i|
cÖkœ: wKš‘ †cÖmwµckb Qvov Jla weµq Kiv †Zv DwPZ bq| ZvQvov Avcbvi bv‡g Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q, Avcwb
Lye mvaviY mgm¨v‡ZI A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK †`b| hv‡Z K‡i Zviv `ªæZ my¯’ nq Avi Avcbvi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i
aviYv fv‡jv nq| wKš‘ A¨vw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki A‡bK mvBW B‡d± Av‡Q| Zvn‡j †Kb Avcwb ‡mUv †`b?
DËi: Avm‡j Avwg bv PvB‡jI A‡bK mgq eva¨ n‡q A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK weµq Ki‡Z nq| Ggb A‡bK †jvK
Av‡Q, hv‡`i mvaviY R¦‡ii Rb¨ hLb Av‡m, Avwg Zv‡`i Kv‡Q c¨vivwmUvgj weµq Kwi| †`Lv ‡M‡jv
GKw`‡b R¦i fv‡jv bv n‡j c‡ii w`b †`vKv‡b G‡m Zviv ivMvivwM K‡i, wPjøvwPwjø K‡i| Zviv wb‡RivB
‡ewk cvIqv‡ii Jla (A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK) w`‡Z e‡j, hv‡Z K‡i ZvovZvwo my¯’ nq| Avwg w`‡Z bv PvB‡j
Zviv e‡j, UvKv w`‡q Jla wb‡ev, Zvn‡j ‡Kb w`we bv| Avgvi †Zv fvB Jl‡ai †`vKvb| w`‡Z bv PvB‡jI
ZvB ejv P‡j GKcÖKvi eva¨ n‡qB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK weµq Ki‡Z nq|

56 | P a g e
cÖkœ: Avcwb ‡Zv Jla we‡µZv, †mLvb †_‡K gvby‡li wPwKrmv †mev ïiæ Ki‡jb wKfv‡e?
DËi: Avgvi †`vKvb †_‡K Avgvi civg‡k© I Avgvi †`Iqv Jla wb‡q GjvKvi gvbylRb DcK…Z nq| Avgvi
Ici Zv‡`i wek^vm R‡b¥‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K AvwgI wm×všÍ †bB, Zv‡`i wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡ev| †h‡nZz
Avgv‡`i GjvKvq †Kv‡bv Wv³vi †bB| ZvB AvwgB Jla weµ‡qi cvkvcvwk wPwKrm‡Ki Afve mvgwqKfv‡e
c~iY Kwi|
cÖkœ: Avcbvi GLv‡b wK ai‡bi mgm¨v wb‡q gvbyl †ewk Av‡m?
DËi: Avm‡j mvaviY hZ †ivM Av‡Q, me ai‡bi †iv‡Mi Jla wKb‡Z Av‡m Avgvi Kv‡Q| GQvov A‡bK
mgq i³Pvc RwbZ mgm¨v, †QvU-‡gv‡Uv KvUv †Qov wb‡q Av‡m| ‡QvU-Lv‡Uv KvUv n‡j ZvrÿwYKfv‡e
†mjvB K‡i †`B| GQvov Wvqv‡ewUm cixÿv, †beybvBRv‡ii Rb¨I A‡b‡K Av‡mb| Avevi A‡b‡K
Bb‡RKkb wb‡Z Av‡mb| ‡ivMxi Ae¯’v ey‡S Bb‡RKkb A_ev m¨vjvBb †`B|
cÖkœ: ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wel‡q †Zv Avcbvi †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿY †bIqv †bB| Zvn‡j Avcwb wKfv‡e KvUv-‡Quov †mjvB
wKsev Bb‡RKkb †`Iqvi g‡Zv Ggb wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb, †hLv‡b mvgvb¨ GKUz Gw`K-‡mw`K
n‡jB eo ai‡bi wec` n‡Z cv‡i?
DËi: Avm‡j Avwg ‡h mvivw`b †`vKv‡b _vwK, memgq ‡Zv Avi Jla weµq nq bv| dvuKv mg‡qi
†ewkifvMUv ¯^v¯’¨ †mev welqK eB-cy¯ÍK cwo| GQvov B›Uvi‡bU †N‡U, BDwUDe †_‡K bvbv ai‡bi ‡mev
m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| GQvov `xN©w`b a‡i GjvKvi gvbyl‡`i †mev Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wewfbœ †ivM m¤ú‡K© GKUv
AwfÁZv R‡b¥ †M‡Q| †mLvb †_‡KB mvnm cvB G ai‡bi wPwKrmv Kivi| ‡h‡nZz Avwg Jla weµ‡qi
cvkvcvwk cy‡iv`‡g GjvKvi gvbylR‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vq wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb KiwQ, ZvB fvewQ Avwg
`ªæZ GjGgGGd A_ev wWGgGm †Kvm© m¤úbœ Kie|
cÖkœ: Avcwb †h wPwKrmv Ávb bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Ggb Kvh©µg Pvjv‡”Qb, Avcbvi fzj wPwKrmvq Kv‡iv eo
ANUb NU‡j Zvi `vq wK Avcwb wb‡eb?
DËi: †`‡Lb, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi †ÿ‡Î †KDB kZfvM wkIwiwU w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avcwb evsjv‡`‡ki †miv Wv³v‡ii
Kv‡Q hvb, Zvi wPwKrmvq †h mevB my¯’ n‡q‡Q, Ggb bq| `y‡qKRb _vK‡eB e¨wZµg| †mUv nq‡Zv Avgvi
GLv‡bI nq| Z‡e Avwg †Zv ‡ewk wmwiqvm ev †ewk RwUj †K‡mi wPwKrmv KivB bv| Ae¯’v ey‡S †hUv
Avgvi mv‡a¨i g‡a¨ _v‡K, †mB mgm¨vi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Kwi Avwg|
cÖkœ: Avcbvi †`vKv‡bi mvBb‡ev‡W© Avcbvi bv‡gi mvg‡b Wv³vi c`ex ewm‡q‡Qb †K‡bv? Avcwb †Zv
†Kv‡bv Wv³vi bb|
DËi: GUv Avm‡j D‡Ïk¨c~Y© fv‡e bv‡gi mvg‡b Wv³vi emvBwb| Avcwb Rv‡bb, GjvKvq mevB Avgv‡K
mvBdzj Wv³vi wn‡m‡eB †P‡bb| ZvB †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq †KD G‡m Avgvi †`vKvb eÜ †c‡j hv‡Z mvBb‡evW©
†`‡L Avgv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mLv‡b †`Iqv bv¤^v‡i †dvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ZvB bv‡gi mvg‡b Wv³vi
ewm‡qwQ| Avm‡j Avgvi †`vKv‡bi cv‡kB †h Kvc‡oi †`vKvbUv i‡q‡Q, †mB †`vKvb`v‡ii bvgI mvBdzj|
gvbyl hv‡Z fzj K‡i Avgv‡K †mB mvBdzj bv fv‡e, ZvB mvBb‡ev‡W© Avgvi bv‡gi mvg‡b Wv³vi ewm‡qwQ|
cÖkœ: Avcwb wK ïay †`vKv‡bB wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb K‡ib? †`vKv‡bi evB‡i †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡j Avcwb †mevi
wewbg‡q KZ UvKv †bb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q?

57 | P a g e
DËi: bv bv, ïay †`vKv‡bB bq| Ggb A‡bK †K‡mi †dvb Av‡m, †ivMxiv Avgvi †`vKv‡b Avmvi g‡Zv
Ae¯’vq _v‡K bv| ZLb Avwg Zv‡`i evmvq hvB| †ivMxi Ae¯’v ch©‡eÿY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk©
cÖ`vb Kwi| ïay †h w`‡bi †ejvq Avgv‡K cvIqv hvq Ggb bq| Avwg GjvKvi gvby‡li Rb¨ 24 N›UvB
wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ| w`b wKsev Mfxi ivZ, hLbB Kv‡iv mgm¨vi Rb¨ †dvb cvB, Avwg mv‡_ mv‡_B
†mLv‡b hvB| Avwg mvaviYZ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q UvKv PvB bv| Avwg hLb Kv‡iv evmvq wM‡q ‡PK Avc Kwi, †ivMxi
Ae¯’v ey‡S Jla ev civgk© †`B, ZLb Zviv Lywk n‡q 20 UvKv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 300/400 UvKvI †`q|
Zviv wb‡R †_‡KB GUv †`q|
cÖkœ: RwUj mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î Avcwb wK K‡ib?
DËi: hw` ‡`Lv hvq Avgvi mv‡a¨i evB‡i, ZLb Avwg iscy‡i miKvwi nvmcvZvj A_ev fv‡jv †Kv‡bv
†emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡j †idvi Kwi|
cÖkœ: Avcbvi bv‡g Awf‡hvM Av‡Q, Avcwb †h wK¬wb‡K †idvi K‡ib, †mLvb †_‡K eo GKUv Kwgkb cvb|
†m Kvi‡Y bvwK Avcwb miKvwi nvmcvZv‡j †idvi bv K‡i ïay †emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡jB †idvi K‡ib?
DËi: GUv m¤ú~Y© wg_¨v Z_¨| Avgv‡`i ¯’vbxq evRv‡i Avgvi Jl‡ai †`vKvb QvovI AviI PviUv Jl‡ai
†`vKvb Av‡Q| gvbylRb †h‡nZz †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vq Zv‡`i †`vKv‡b bv wM‡q Avgvi †`vKv‡b Av‡mb, †m
Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv evwK me †`vKvb`vi‡`i Avgv‡K wb‡q wns‡m nq| Zviv ZvB D‡Ïk¨c~Y©fv‡e Avgvi bv‡g
Ggb ¸Re Qovq| ZvovQv Avgvi Kv‡Q K_v n‡jv, hviv Avgvi Kv‡Q †mev wb‡Z Av‡m, Zviv wKš‘ Avgv‡K
fimv K‡iB Av‡m| Zviv mevB Avg‡`i GjvKviB gvbyl| AwaKvskB `wi`ª gvbyl| Zv‡`i ‡_‡K wKfv‡e
Avwg Kwgk‡bi UvKv wb‡Z cvwi e‡jb? Avi wØZxq †h Awf‡hvM, †mUvi cÖm‡½ ejwQ| Avwg Avm‡j miKvwi
nvmcvZv‡jI †idvi Kwi| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq †ivMxi Ae¯’v ¸iæZi n‡j, Zvi DbœZ wPwKrmv I †mevi `iKvi
nq| GUv AvcwbI fv‡jv K‡i Rv‡bb, miKvwi nvmcvZv‡ji †mev †Kgb| ZvB Avwg Zv‡`i ‡mLv‡bi wi¯‹
bv wb‡q †emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqvi civgk© †`B ZLb|

❖3. DcKvi‡fvMx m`m¨‡`i m‡½ wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbvi (†dvKvm MÖæc

wWmKvkb) djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY:
ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevMÖnxZv‡`i g‡a¨ wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g `jxq
Av‡jvPbvwU wQj cÖvß eq¯‹ 14 Rb bvix m`‡m¨i m‡½| wØZxq `jxq Av‡jvPbvwU Kiv nq cÖvß eq¯‹ 11 Rb
cyiæl m`‡m¨i m‡½| me‡kl I Z…Zxq `jxq Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bq 27 Rb ZiæY-ZiæYx| wb‡P `jxq
Av‡jvPbvi djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
`jxq Av‡jvPbv- 1:
MvBevÜv †Rjvi my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi †mvbvivq BDwbq‡bi AvIZvaxb ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ‡mevMÖnxZv
14 Rb cÖvß eq¯‹ gwnjv m`‡m¨i m‡½ cÖ_g `jxq Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ nq| GB Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bIqv
bvix‡`i Mo eqm wQj 30 eQi (m‡e©v”P 56 I me©wb¤œ 19)| GB Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡Z¨K m`‡m¨i evwo cwðg

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wkeivg MÖv‡gi SvKzqvcvov bvgK ¯’v‡b Ges Zviv mevB M„nxbx| SvKzqvcvov †_‡K ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
`~iZ¡ cÖvq GK wK‡jvwgUvi| GB Av‡jvPbvq hviv Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
Kvh©KvwiZvi cÖ‡kœ wgkÖ cÖwZwµqv cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB Rvbvb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wM‡q Pvwn`vi
wecix‡Z ch©vß Jla cvIqv hvq bv| A‡bK mgq wM‡q A‡bKÿY `vuwo‡q †_‡K †mev †bIqvi AwfÁZvI
Rvbvb A‡b‡K| K‡qKRb Rvbvb, wK¬wb‡K Jla _vKvi c‡iI Zv‡`i ejv nq, wZbw`b wKsev mvZ w`b
c‡i †h‡Z| wK¬wbK †_‡K ejv wba©vwiZ mg‡q wM‡qI cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla cvIqv hvq bv e‡jI Rvbvb
Zviv| †KD †KD gšÍe¨ K‡ib, GB Rb¨ Avi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i bv| Gi †P‡q ¯’vbxq
evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKvb †_‡KB Jla †bqv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb Zviv| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K Gi Av‡M GKRb
cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvix Zv‡`i evwo evwo G‡m wewfbœ ai‡bi †PK Avc Kiv‡Zb| wKš‘ weMZ eQi Lv‡bK
a‡i †mB ‡mevI eÜ Av‡Q e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib Zviv| Zvi KvQ †_‡K Av‡M Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ msµvšÍ civgk©
I JlaI †c‡Zb Zviv| ZvB GB k~b¨ c`wU `ªæZ c~i‡Yi civgk© Zv‡`i| Z‡e wK¬wb‡K Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i
wbqwgZ †PK Avc Kiv‡bv nq e‡j Rvbvb Zviv| Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB Rvbvb, Mf©Kvjxb Riæix Ae¯’vq wK¬wbK
†_‡K Zv‡`i my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· †idvi Kiv nq| Zviv g‡b K‡ib, wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi cwiwa,
wPwKrmv miÄvg Ges †mev cÖ`vbKvixi msL¨v AviI e„w× Kiv DwPZ, hv‡Z ¸iæZi †iv‡MI Zv‡`i Dc‡Rjv
¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· †h‡Z bv nq| Zv‡`i g‡Z, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i `ÿZv AviI e„w× Kiv
†M‡j †mevi gvb AviI DbœZ n‡e| GQvov wK¬wb‡K ch©vß emvi e¨e¯’v, gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v Uq‡j‡Ui
e¨e¯’v Kivi civgk© cvIqv hvq GB `jxq Av‡jvPbvq|

`jxq Av‡jvPbv- 2:
wØZxq `jxq Av‡jvPbvwU Kiv nq ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki DcKvi‡fvMx cÖvß eq¯‹ 11 Rb cyiæl m`‡m¨i
m‡½| Zviv mevB ¯‹z‡ji evRvi GjvKvi evwm›`v Ges ‡mB GjvKv †_‡K KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki `~iZ¡ GK
wK‡jvwgUv‡iiI Kg| GB `jxq Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bIqv cyiæl‡`i Mo eqm 37 eQi (m‡e©v”P 62 eQi Ges
me©wb¤œ 25 eQi)| GB Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Jla mieivn, wPwKrmv miÄvg
Ges gvbm¤úbœ †mevi Afve i‡q‡Q| Z‡e wK¬wb‡K †mev`vbKvix KwgDwbwU †nj_ †Kqvi ‡cÖvfvBWv‡ii
e¨env‡i mevB mš‘wó cÖKvk K‡ib| Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡Z, Zviv wK¬wb‡K †M‡j †mev cÖ`vbKvix
Zv‡`i m‡½ nvwmgy‡L Kzkj wewbgq K‡ib Ges mgm¨vi K_v ï‡b †mB Abyhvqx civgk© cÖ`vb K‡ib| Z‡e
memgq ch©vß Jla w`‡Z cv‡ib bv m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y| Z‡e Zviv cÖvq mK‡jB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev`v‡bi
mgq evov‡bvi c‡ÿ gZ †`b| GB Av‡jvPbvq hviv Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb, Zviv A‡b‡KB w`bgRyi Ges K…lK|
GQvov `yRb ¯’vbxq ÿz`ª e¨emvqxI wQ‡jb| w`b gRyi Ges K…l‡Ki cÖvq mevB Rvbvb, Zviv RxweKvi ZvwM‡`
mKv‡j evmv †_‡K †ei n‡q Kv‡R hvb Ges mܨvi Av‡M Av‡M evmvq †d‡ib| wKš‘ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
†Lvjv _vKvi mg‡q (mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv) Zviv wbR wbR Kg©¯’‡j _v‡Kb e‡j wK¬wbK †_‡K PvB‡jI
memgq †mev wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| GKvi‡Y Zviv GKiKg eva¨ n‡q ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKvb †_‡K Jla
wK‡bb e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib| ZvB wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`v‡bi mgq AviI e„w× Kiv DwPZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib Zviv|
GQvov Zviv Rvbvb, †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i AviI `ÿ K‡i †Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| GKB m‡½ Zviv g‡b
K‡ib, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K mßv‡n GKw`b †Kv‡bv †iwR÷ªvW© wPwKrm‡Ki gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
DwPZ|

59 | P a g e
 `jxq Av‡jvPbv -3:
Z…Zxq `jxq Av‡jvPbvwU AbywôZ nq Lvgvi gwbivg D”P we`¨vj‡qi njiæ‡g| GB Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb 27
Rb wewfbœ eq‡mi wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix| Zviv mevB D³ we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x© Ges KL‡bv bv KLbI ejivg
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bIqv 27 R‡bi g‡a¨ 15 Rb wK‡kvix Ges
evwK 12 Rb wK‡kvi| Zviv lô †_‡K `kg †kÖYxi wkÿv_x©| Zv‡`i Mo eqm 14 eQi (me©wb¤œ 11 Ges
m‡e©v”P 16 eQi)| Zv‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbvq D‡V Av‡m, wK¬wb‡K wM‡q Zv‡`i AwaKvskB Avkvbyiƒc †mev
cvbwb| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e Zviv g‡b K‡ib, wK¬wb‡Ki AeKvVv‡gv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv hš¿cvwZ myweavi
Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cvIqv hvq bv| Zviv mvaviY R¦i, †c‡Ui AmyL Ges A¨vjvwR©RwbZ
mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| ¸iæZi ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨vq Zviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev cvbbv e‡j
Zv‡`i Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· †h‡Z nq| Gi d‡j hvZvqvZ mn Ab¨vb¨ Avbylvw½K wewfbœLv‡Z Zv‡`i
AwZwi³ A_© I mgq e¨q nq| GB Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bIqv wK‡kviiv Rvbvb, eqtmwÜKvjxb mg‡q
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K †Kv‡bv iKg ¯^v¯’¨ civgk© I †mevcÖvwßi my‡hvM Av‡Q e‡j Zviv Rv‡bb bv| Ab¨w`‡K
wK‡kvix‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbvq Rvbv hvq, eqtmwÜKvjxb kvixwiK mgm¨v, wK‡kvix‡`i e¨w³MZ kvixwiK
RwUjZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †mev cvIqv hvqwb| wU‡Ubvm wUKv †bIqvi
wel‡qI wK‡kvix‡`i A‡b‡KB AeMZ bb| GgbwK hviv G wel‡q Rv‡b, ZvivI GB wUKv †bqvi ¸iæZ¡
m¤ú‡K© AeMZ bq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ I cywói †mev wKsev civgk© cÖvwßi †h
my‡hvM Av‡Q, ‡mUvI Zviv Rv‡bb bv| Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© welq n‡jv, wK‡kvix‡`i AwaKvskB m¨vwbUvwi
b¨vcwK‡bi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b, wKš‘ Zv‡`i †ewkifvMB b¨vcwKb e¨envi K‡ib bv| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e
Zviv Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii Avw_©K Am½wZi K_v Rvbvb| Av‡jvPbvq wK‡kvix‡`i †_‡K D‡V Av‡m, Zv‡`i
¯^v¯’¨ myiÿvi c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki gva¨‡g webvg~‡j¨ b¨vcwKb mieivn
Kiv DwPZ| Ab¨w`‡K wK‡kviiv Rvbvb, †h‡nZz Zviv GB Av‡jvPbvq Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h, eqtmwÜKvjxb
mg‡q wK¬wbK †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi †mev †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q, GB e¨vcviUv hv‡Z mKj wK‡kviB Rvb‡Z
cv‡i, GRb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wK‡kvi‡`i wb‡q K¨v‡¤úB‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv DwPZ| wK‡kvi‡`i Ggb gšÍ‡e¨
wK‡kvixivI K¨v‡¤úB‡bi wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib|

❖ Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbvi djvdj ch©v‡jvPbv:

‡h wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b AskMÖnYKvix cÖ‡Z¨‡KB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wel‡q
AewnZ Av‡Qb Ges KL‡bv bv KL‡bv Zviv †mev wb‡Z wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zviv mevB g‡b K‡ib,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †M‡j R¦i, mw`©, †c‡Ui Amy‡Li g‡Zv mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv †mev cvIqv hvq| Zviv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wM‡q †h †mev cvb, Zvi wewbg‡q †Kv‡bv A_©B cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq bv| ZvB mvaviY †iv‡Mi
†ÿ‡Î my‡hvM _vK‡j Zviv cÖ_‡g GKevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi K_v fv‡eb| Z‡e cÖwZwU Av‡jvPbvq
D‡V G‡m‡Q, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †M‡j ch©vß Jla cvIqv hvq bv| GB mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨I ch©vß Jla
mieivn wbwðZ Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb Zviv| wK¬wb‡K †mevMÖnYKvix‡`i wj½ †f‡` AwfÁZv wfbœZvI D‡V
Av‡m Av‡jvPbvq| †hgb cÖvß eq¯‹ cyiæ‡liv †hLv‡b wmGBPwmwci e¨envi wKsev Zvi †mev †`Iqvi aib,
civg‡k©i e¨vcv‡i BwZevPK gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K Gme e¨vcv‡i cÖvß eq¯‹ AwaKvsk bvixB †bwZevPK
gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| ‡mevi gvb evov‡Z wZbwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv †_‡KB wewfbœ ai‡bi civgk© D‡V G‡m‡Q| hvi
g‡a¨ mvaviY wKQz civgk© n‡jv, mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b ‡Kv‡bv GgweweGm Wv³v‡ii gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kiv,

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wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvixi msL¨v I Zv‡`i `ÿZv e„w× Kiv, wK¬wb‡K ch©vß wPwKrmiv miÄvg mieivn Kiv,
wK¬wb‡K emvi e¨e¯’v Kiv, wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb mieivn Kiv, gv‡S g‡a¨ ¯^v¯’¨
†mev welqK K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv BZ¨vw`| GQvov wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi mgq-mxgv evov‡bvi wel‡q
D‡`¨vM †bIqvi civgk© D‡V Av‡m `jxq Av‡jvPbv ¸‡jvq| wK¬wb‡K gvb wb‡q Zv‡`i wgkÖ cÖwZwµqv
_vK‡jI `jxq Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnYKvix cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR GjvKvq Ggb GKwU wK¬wbK _vKv‡K BwZevPK
wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb| Zviv g‡b K‡ib, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvi‡Y GjvKvq gv I wkï g„Zz¨nvi A‡bKvs‡k n«vm
†c‡q‡Q|

❖4. cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv:

ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev MÖnYKvixi AwfÁZv ‡_‡K cÖvß cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
‡Km ÷vwW- 1:
ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi AvIZvaxb cwðg wkeivg MÖv‡gi Mdzi wgqvi †Q‡j kvgxg Bmjvg mvMi|
mvM‡ii eqm 17 eQi Ges ivg‡`e †kL Lwei DÏxb K‡j‡R GKv`k †kÖwY‡Z gvbwe‡K Aa¨qYiZ| K‡j‡Ri
K¬vm †k‡l we‡K‡j evmvq G‡m eÜz‡`i m‡½ wbqwgZ dzUej †L‡j †m| GKw`b e„wó‡Z wf‡R dzUej †L‡j
R¦i evuwa‡q †d‡j mvMi| Gici Jla †bIqvi Rb¨ Zvi eÜz‡K mv‡_ wb‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvq| †mLv‡b
hvIqvi ci KZ©e¨iZ wmGBPwmwc‡K wb‡Ri cwiPq †`q Ges mgm¨vi K_v Ly‡j e‡jb| ZLb wmGBPwmwc
Zv‡K Rvbvb, Jla †bB, wZbw`b c‡i †h‡bv wK¬wb‡K hvq| mvMi wK¬wbK †_‡K ‡ei n‡q Zvi `v`v nv‡mb
Avjx‡K †dvb w`‡q NUbv e‡jb| ‡dv‡bi Icvk †_‡K nv‡mb Avjx mvMi‡K e‡jb, wmGBPwmwc‡K Zvi
(nv‡mb Avjxi) cwiPq w`‡Z| ‡dv‡b `v`vi civgk© Abyhvqx mvMi Avevi wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges
wmGBPwmwc‡K e‡jb, ‡m cwðg wkeivg MÖv‡gi nv‡mb Avjxi bvwZ| cieZx©‡Z wK¬wbK †_‡K mvMi‡K GK
cvZv c¨vivwmUvgj U¨ve‡jU ‡`Iqv nq|

‡Km ÷vwW- 2:
ejivg MÖv‡gi ‡kdvjx LvZzb| †ckvq M„wnYx| eqm 60 †cwi‡q‡Q| ¯^vgx ev`kvn wgqv gviv wM‡q‡Q cÖvq wZb
eQi Av‡M| GK gvÎ †Q‡j nvmv‡bi msmviB Zvi AvkÖq¯’j| †Q‡ji msmv‡i _vKv Avi LvIqv RyU‡jI
Jl‡ai ‡ÿ‡Î †kdvjx LvZz‡bi fimv KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK| evwo †_‡K wK¬wb‡Ki `~iZ¡ cv‡q †nu‡U gvÎ cvuP
wgwb‡Ui c_ nIqvq †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vq wZwb ‡Kv‡bv wPšÍv fvebv QvovB wK¬wb‡K hvb| wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q
wZwb †ek mš‘óI| GKw`b nvmv‡bi 10 eQi eqmx †g‡q nvwm ‡Lj‡Z wM‡q †nvuPU †L‡q cv †K‡U †d‡jb|
cv †_‡K i³I †ei nw”Q‡jv| GB Ae¯’vq bvZbx‡K †Kv‡j wb‡q †`Š‡o KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb †kdvjx
†eMg| wKš‘ wK¬wbK †_‡K Zv‡K Rvwb‡q †`Iqv nq, KvUv-‡Qovi †mev GLv‡b †`Iqv nq bv| GB K_v
†kvbvi ciI †kdvjx †eMg wmGBPwmwc‡K A‡bK Aby‡iva K‡ib Zvi bvZbxi GKUv e¨e¯’v Kivi Rb¨|
wKš‘ Zv‡ZI †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv| c‡i bvZbx‡K wb‡q †kdvjx †eMg GK wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡ii ¯‹z‡ji evRv‡i
hvb| †mLv‡b Jla we‡µZv †_‡K cjøx wPwKrmK e‡b hvIqv mvBdzj Bmjv‡gi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb| gv dv‡g©mxi

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mvBdzj Bmjvg nvwmi cv †`‡L fv‡qvwWb w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i KvUv RvqMvUv †mjvB K‡i †`b| GRb¨ mvBdzj
Bmjvg‡K 300 UvKv w`‡Z n‡qwQj| GQvov †mjvB Kiv ¯’v‡b hv‡Z e¨_v bv nq Ges nvwmi hv‡Z R¦i ev
Ab¨ mgm¨v bv nq, GRb¨ mvBdzj Zv‡`i AviI 200 UvKvi Jla †`b| Aek¨ K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B nvwm
cy‡ivcywi my¯’ n‡q I‡Vb|

‡Km ÷vwW- 3:
Lvgvi gwbivg D”P we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix wkÿK Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg| eqm 33 eQi| ¯‹z‡j wZwb evsjv‡`k I
wek^ cwiPq wel‡qi K¬vm †bb| wkÿKZv QvovI wZwb AviI †ek wKQz Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ| ¯’vbxq evRv‡i
(¯‹z‡ji evRvi) Zvi evevi GKwU gbynvix †`vKvb Av‡Q| ¯‹z‡ji mg‡qi evB‡i wZwb cÖvqB †mB †`vKv‡b
e‡mb| eqm Kg n‡jI GjvKvq `vwqZ¡evb gvbyl wn‡m‡eB cwiwPZ Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg| G Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq GKwU
nvwdwRqv gv`ªvmvi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡I Zvi Kv‡a c‡o‡Q| IB nvwdwRqv gv`ªvmvq 17 Rb wkÿv_x©© AvevwmK
wn‡m‡e †_‡K †KviAvb wkÿv jvf Ki‡Qb| gv`ªvmvi wkÿv_x©‡`i Mo eqm 10 eQi (me©wb¤œ 7 eQi, m‡e©v”P
14 eQi)| PjwZ eQ‡ii ïiæi w`‡K nVvr gv`ªvmv wkÿv_x©‡`i A¨vjvwR© mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K
wkÿv_x©i kix‡i PzjKvwb-`vu` †`Lv w`‡Z _v‡K| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ Ae¯’v cÖKU AvKvi aviY K‡i| gv`ªvmvi
`vwqZ¡iZ wkÿK nv‡dR ivqnvbyj Bmjvg wiqb emywbqv e¨vcviwU mfvcwZ Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg‡K AewnZ
K‡ib| Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg mgm¨vi K_v ï‡b ZrÿYvr ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb Ges †mLv‡b `vwqZ¡iZ
wmGBPwmwc †iRIqvbyj nK‡K welqwU Ly‡j e‡jb| NUbv ï‡b wZwb Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg‡K Avav wjUvi †nvqvBU
wdU gjg cÖ`vb K‡ib| GQvov Gi e¨envi wewa welqK civgk©I cÖ`vb K‡ib wZwb| Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg †mB
gjg wb‡q G‡m wmGBPwmwci †`Iqv civgk© Abyhvqx mevB‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z e‡jb| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B
gv`ªvmvi mKj wkÿv_x© A¨vjvwR©mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡i|

‡Km ÷vwW- 4:
cwðg wkeivg MÖv‡gi fvUvi cvo A‡ji evwm›`v Avw¤^qv †eMg| eqm 55 eQi Ges †ckvq M„wnYx| `yB
mšÍvb RxweKvi ZvwM‡` evB‡i _v‡Kb e‡j MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z ¯^vgx gwRei ingvb‡K wb‡q evm K‡ib Avw¤^qv|
Zvi evmv †_‡K KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cÖvq `yB wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i e‡j wZwb Lye †ewk wK¬wb‡K hvb bv| Z‡e
GKevi nVvr K‡i Zvi Kv‡b cy‡Ri mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j wZwb KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bb Ges
GKw`b mgq K‡i wK¬wb‡K hvb| wK¬wb‡K wM‡q `vwqZ¡iZ wmGBPwmwc‡K Kv‡bi mgm¨vi K_v Ly‡j e‡jb|
mgm¨v ï‡b Ges Kv‡bi Ae¯’v ch©‡eÿY K‡i Avw¤^qv LvZzb‡K Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· hvIqvi civgk©
†`b| KviY wn‡m‡e wZwb Avw¤^qv‡K e‡jb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K Kv‡bi Ggb cy‡Ri wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqvi
ÿgZv Zv‡K †`Iqv nqwb| Z‡e Avw¤^qv LvZzb wmGBPwmwc‡K e‡jb, GB Ae¯’vq wZwb GZ `~‡ii c_ cvwo
w`‡q Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡· †h‡Z Pvb bv| c‡i wK¬wbK †_‡K wd‡i G‡m Avw¤^qv LvZzb ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrm
mvBdz‡ji Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b hvb Ges mvBdzj Bmjvg Avw¤^qvi Kvb cwi®‹vi K‡i Zv‡K wKQz Jla ‡`b| Kvb
cwi®‹vi Kiv Ges Jla eve` Avw¤^qv LvZz‡bi 650 UvKvi †ewk P‡j hvq| mßvn Lv‡bK †cwi‡q †M‡jI
Zvi Kv‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb nq bv| eis cyR Av‡Mi †_‡K †e‡o hvq Ges Kvb e¨_v Ki‡Z _v‡K| c‡i
Avw¤^qv Zvi †Q‡j Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb‡K NUbv Ly‡j ej‡j Av‡bvqvi Zvi gv‡K wb‡q iscy‡i GKRb bvK,

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Kvb I Mjv we‡kl‡Ái Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb| †mLv‡b cixÿv-wbixÿv ‡k‡l Jla I civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †mB
†gvZv‡eK P‡j K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B cy‡ivcywi my¯’ n‡q I‡Vb Avw¤^qv LvZzb|

‡Km ÷vwW- 5:
cwðg wkeiv‡gi PiæqvUvix A‡ji nvweeyi ingv‡bi †g‡q †nbv LvZzb| eqm 21 eQi Ges AweevwnZ|
evgbWv½v Avãyj nK wWwMÖ K‡j‡R wWwMÖ‡Z Aa¨qbiZ Ges wZwb XvKvq GKwU Mv‡g©›U‡m †cvkvKKgx© wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡ib| cixÿvi mgq Avm‡j wZwb XvKv †_‡K MÖv‡g hvb Ges cixÿv †`b| m¤úªwZ wZwb PvKwi †Q‡o
w`‡q MÖv‡g wM‡q cwiev‡ii m‡½ _vKv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| nVvr Zvi kix‡i A¨vjvwR© †`Lv †`q| cvkvcvwk R¦i
Ges mw`©i jÿYI ¯úó n‡Z _v‡K| mgm¨v eyS‡Z †c‡i †nbv LvZzb evmv †_‡K cv‡q †nu‡U 10 wgwbU `~i‡Z¡i
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvb| wZwb mKvj mv‡o bqUvq wM‡q wK¬wbK Zvjve× Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z cvb| c‡i wKQzÿY
A‡cÿv K‡i evmvq †diZ Av‡mb| c‡ii w`b ‡ejv 11 Uvi w`‡K †M‡j wK¬wbK †Lvjv cvb Ges `vwqZ¡iZ
wmGBPwmwc‡K mgm¨vi K_v Ly‡j e‡jb| me mgm¨v ï‡b wK¬wbK †_‡K †nbv‡K ïay R¦i Avi mw`©i Jla
†`Iqv nq| wK¬wbK †_‡K ‡nbv‡K ejv nq, A¨vjvwR©i Jla ‡bB| GK mßvn c‡i Zv‡K wK¬wb‡K Avm‡Z
e‡jb wmGBPwmwc| †nbv evmvq Avmvi Rb¨ wK¬wbK †_‡K †ei nb| Ggb mgq †nbvi cwiwPZ GK fvB
wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb A¨vjvwR©i Jla wb‡Z| Zvi m‡½ †nbvi K_v n‡j wZwb †nbv‡K wb‡q wK¬wb‡K hvb Ges
Rvb‡Z Pvb Jla Av‡Q wK bv| c‡i wmGBPwmwc †nbv‡K Ges Zvi fvB‡K A¨vjvwR©i Jla †`b| †nbvi fvB
ZLb Rvb‡Z Pvb, †K‡bv Jla _vKvi c‡iI Av‡Mi evi †nbv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Jla †bB| ZLb wmGBPwmwc
Rvbvb, †nbv‡K GK mgm¨vi Jla w`‡q‡Qb| ZvB K‡qKw`b c‡i Ab¨ mgm¨vi Jla wb‡Z †W‡KwQ‡jb!

✓ ‡Km ÷vwW ch©v‡jvPbv:

Dc‡ii cvuPwU †Km ÷vwW‡Z Avgiv cvuPwU wfbœ wfbœ AwfÁZv †`L‡Z cvB| cÖ_g †Km ÷vwW‡Z mvM‡ii
AwfÁZvi NUbvq D‡V Av‡m, wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z Aí eqmx wKsev AcwiwPZ wK‡kvi‡`i †mev ‡Zgb †`Iqv nq
bv| mvMi hLb Zvi `v`vi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb, ZLb wKš‘ wVKB Zv‡K Jla cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj| †Km
÷vwW-3 Gi †ÿ‡ÎI Avgiv GKB welq cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi| Rv‡e`yj Bmjvg GjvKvq cwiwPZ gyL nIqvq wZwb
mgm¨v wb‡q MÖv‡g †M‡j Zv‡K GKev‡i AvavwjUvi gjg †`Iqv nq| Ab¨w`‡K †Km ÷vwW-5 Gi †nbv‡K
R¦i-mw`©i Jla w`‡jI cÖ_‡g A¨vjvwR©i Jla †`Iqv nqwb| c‡i Zvi fvB‡qi mvnv‡h¨ wK¬wbK †_‡K
A¨vjvwR©i JlaI cvb †nbv| †mB †Km ÷vwW‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQ, †nbv cÖ_g w`b mKvj mv‡o bqUvq wK¬wb‡K
wM‡qI Zvjve× Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z cvb| G †_‡K †evSv hvq, wK¬wbK mKvj bqUvq †Lvjvi K_v _vK‡jI
wbqwgZ mgqm~Px †g‡b P‡j bv| GQvov †Km ÷vwW-2 Gi †kdvwj LvZz‡bi bvZwbi cv †K‡U hvIqvi NUbv
wKsev †Km ÷vwW-5 Gi Avw¤^qv LvZz‡bi Kv‡bi cy‡Ri NUbvi AwfÁZv †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi, RwUj
mgm¨vq GjvKvi gvbylRb cÖ_‡gB ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nb| Avw¤^qv LvZz‡bi NUbvq GwU ¯úó
nq †h, cjøx wPwKr‡mi AbygvbwfwËK †mev memgq KvR K‡i bv| eis G‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb AwZwi³ A_©
e¨q nq, Ab¨w`‡K eo mgm¨v NUvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

63 | P a g e
❖5. m‡iRwg‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK cwi`k©b I ch©‡eÿ‡Yi djvdj
we‡kølY:
MvBevÜv †Rjvi AvIZvaxb my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi †mvbvivq BDwbq‡bi AšÍM©Z ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU
g~jZ Av‡k-cv‡ki gvbyl‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ †mev myiÿv cÖ`v‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivLvi cÖqv‡mB wbwg©Z| wKš‘ ev¯ÍeZv
n‡”Q, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi †_‡K Rbgvby‡li `~iZ¡ ‰Zwi n‡”Q cÖwZwbqZ| †Kbbv, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU
†_‡K cÖwZw`b M‡o gvÎ 45 †_‡K 50 Rb gvbyl †mev ‡bq| ZvivI R¦i-mw`©-Kvwk, A¨vjvwR© wKsev †c‡Ui
Amy‡Li g‡Zv cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Rb¨B wK¬wb‡Ki Øvi¯’ nb| hviv wK¬wb‡K hvb, ZvivI ch©vß Jla cvb
bv| AwaKvsk mg‡qB †`Lv hvq, Jla wb‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i A‡bK mgq ch©šÍ `vuwo‡q _vK‡Z nq| Avevi
A‡bKÿY `vuwo‡q †_‡KI c‡i ïb‡Z nq, Jla wb‡Z Av‡iKw`b †h‡Z n‡e| Gme Kvi‡Y w`b w`b
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wegyL n‡”Q ¯’vbxq gvbylRb| Gi ‡cQ‡b Aek¨ AviI K‡qKwU KviY Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹v‡ii Afv‡e w`b w`b bvRyK Ae¯’vq cwiYZ n‡”Q| m‡iRwg‡b wK¬wb‡K
wM‡q †`Lv hvq, ïay evwn‡i is Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †h K‡ÿ e‡m Kg©iZ ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvixiv †mev cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb, †mLv‡b emvi †Zgb fv‡jv cwi‡ek †bB ej‡jB P‡j| †h Kvi‡Y hviv ¯^v¯’¨ †mev wb‡Z Av‡mb,
Zv‡`i wK¬wb‡K G‡m `vuwo‡qB _vK‡Z nq| G‡Z K‡i hviv e„× Ges kvixwiKfv‡e `ye©j, Zviv KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K Avmvi AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡Qb| Avevi wK¬wb‡Ki †h Uq‡jU e¨e¯’v, †mwU Zvjve× Ae¯’vq _v‡K|
ïaygvÎ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix Qvov ‡mev MÖnYKvixiv †mUv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki
mvg‡bi †h dvuKv RvqMvUv, †mUvI wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Kiv nq bv| wK¬wbK cwi`k©‡b wM‡q †`Lv hvq, ivbœvi
Kv‡R Dc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ Mv‡Qi cvZv R‡ov K‡i Zv wK¬wb‡Ki D‡Vv‡b ïKv‡Z †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| hv wK¬wb‡Ki
mvg‡bi AskUv‡K Acwi”Qbœ K‡i‡Q| A_P G e¨vcv‡i wK¬wbK KZ…©c‡ÿi †Kv‡bv åæ‡ÿc †bB|
Avevi ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡`i `vex, GLv‡b †KejB mvaviY †iv‡Mi JlaB †`Iqv nq| wKš‘ wK¬wbK †Lvjv ivLvi
†h mgqm~Px, †mB mgqUv Zviv Zv‡`i Kg©‡ÿ‡Î _vKvq cÖ‡qvRbxq mvaviY JlaI wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| cwie‡Z©
Zviv ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKvb¸‡jv †_‡K Jla wK‡b Lv‡”Qb| ¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡ji evRv‡ii gv dv‡g©mx‡Z
Jla wKb‡Z Avmv K‡qKR‡bi mv‡_ K_v e‡j GgbB Rvbv †M‡jv| evRv‡ii †`vKv‡b Jla wKb‡Z Avmv
K‡qKRb †Zv Awf‡hvM w`‡jb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hviv KZ©e¨iZ, Zv‡`i AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i bvwK Jla
wKb‡Z nq bv| wK¬wb‡Ki Av‡k-cv‡ki mvaviY gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ eivÏK…Z Jla `vwqZ¡iZiv wb‡q hvb|
GBRb¨B bvwK MÖv‡gi †KD †mev wb‡Z †M‡j ch©vß Jla cvbbv e‡j `vex Zv‡`i|
Avevi wK¬wb‡K `vuwo‡q †_‡K †hUv †`Lv hvq, K‡qKRb gwnjv Jla wb‡Z Avm‡jI Zviv ch©vß Jla cv‡”Qb
bv| DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Z_¨ wb‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i m‡½ K_v e‡j †evSv †M‡Q, gwnjv‡`i A‡b‡KB KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡K Kg©iZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vZv‡`i e¨env‡i mš‘ó bq| Zviv †mev wb‡Z wM‡q A‡bK mgqB AcÖZ¨vwkZ
e¨env‡ii wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡KB A‡b‡KB wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb, Avi hv‡eb bv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K|
Gie`j Zviv MÖv‡gi evRvi †_‡K UvKv w`‡q Jla wK‡b Lv‡eb|
DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i ‡_‡K KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Z_¨ wb‡Z wM‡q AviI Rvbv hvq, wK¬wb‡K mgqm~Px †g‡b
¯^v¯’¨‡mev †`Iqv nqbv| wba©vwiZ mg‡qi Av‡MB wK¬wbK eÜ K‡i KZ©e¨iZ wmGBPwmwc P‡j hvb wb‡Ri
cÖ‡qvR‡b| †hw`b GB gvVK‡g©i Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ M‡elK wK¬wb‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb `ycyi 12Uvi w`‡K
wK¬wb‡K wM‡q GK N›Uv †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| GB mgq a‡i wZwb wmGBPwmwci mvÿvrKvi, wK¬wb‡Ki

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ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡eÿY K‡ib| wK¬wb‡Ki †`qv‡j †`qv‡j wewfbœ Dc‡`k/civgk© g~jK †cv÷vi cvIqv
hvq| Z‡e wK¬wb‡Ki GK Kÿ †Lvjv _vK‡jI Aci KÿwU Zvjve× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq|
gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, wmGBPwmwc GB M‡elK‡K evievi ejwQ‡jb, Zvi e¨vcv‡i hv‡Z fv‡jv fv‡jv Z_¨
†jLv nq| `ycy‡i ‡Rvn‡ii AvRvb co‡ZB wZwb wK¬wb‡K Zvjv w`‡q M‡elK‡K mv‡_ wb‡q ¯’vbxq MÖv‡gi
evRv‡i hvb| †mLv‡bi Lvev‡ii †`vKv‡b M‡elK‡K ewm‡q GK iKg †Rvi K‡iB LvIqvb| Lvevi †L‡Z
†L‡ZB ej‡Z _v‡Kb, GB GjvKvi hZ gvbyl Av‡Q, mevB Zvi e¨env‡i mš‘ó| Zvi bv‡g Awf‡hvM †`Iqvi
g‡Zv †Kv‡bv ÔcyiælÕ †bB GjvKvq| Zvi K_vi aib †_‡K †evSv hvq, wZwb ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi †P‡q ¯’vbxq cyiæl‡`i
gb †hvMv‡Z †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx| †m Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq cyiæl‡`i m‡½ K_v e‡j wmGBPwmwci e¨env‡i mš‘wói gvÎv
Rvbv wM‡qwQj| Z‡e wfbœ Ae¯’v wQj gwnjv‡`i Z‡_¨| DcKvi‡fvMx gwnjv‡`i AwaKvskB Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb,
Zviv wmGBPwmwci e¨env‡i mš‘ó bb| wmGBPwmwci m‡½ Lvevi †L‡Z †L‡Z M‡elK Zvi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb,
wZwb †h wK¬wbK Zvjv w`‡q Avm‡jb, GB mgq †KD †mev wb‡Z Avm‡j wK n‡e? ZLb wmGBPwmwc Rvbvb,
GLb †Zv bvgv‡Ri mgq, †KD Avm‡e bv! †mLv‡b LvIqv †k‡l M‡elK †ei n‡q DcKvi‡fvMx gvbyl‡`i
†_‡K Z_¨ wb‡Z _v‡Kb| AevK Kiv welq n‡jv, M‡elK `xN© mgq c‡i we‡K‡j w`‡K evRv‡i wM‡qI IB
wmGBPwmwc‡K IB Lvev‡ii †`vKv‡bB emv Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z cvb, wZwb †mLv‡b gvbyl‡`i m‡½ AvÇvq e¨¯Í!
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi †mev wb‡Z gvby‡li AbvMÖ‡ni Av‡iKwU welq ch©‡eÿ‡Y D‡V G‡m‡Q| †mwU n‡jv
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v| wK¬wbKwU ‡mvbvivq BDwbq‡bi cwðg wkeivg, ejivg, ¯‹z‡ji evRvi
Ges PiæqvUvixi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq Aew¯’Z| GjvKvi gvbyl‡`i Kv‡Q RvqMvUv †Rvov Av‡gi Zj bv‡g
cwiwPZ| Pvi AÂj †_‡K PviwU iv¯Ívi wgjb¯’‡jB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi Ae¯’vb| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq n‡jv,
me¸‡jv iv¯ÍvB gvwUi| Avevi MÖv‡gi IB iv¯Ív¸‡jv w`‡q ¯’vbxq `yBwU BU fvUvi Rb¨ gvwU cwienbKvix
Uªv±i, Uªwj P‡j wbqwgZ| G‡Z K‡i e„wói w`‡b iv¯Ív Lvbv-K‡›` f‡i hvq, iv¯Ívq cÖPzi Kv`vgvwU R‡g,
G‡Z K‡i †mwU PjvP‡ji Abyc‡hvMx n‡q I‡V| d‡j gvbyl †mmgq IB iv¯Ív †cwi‡q wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi AvMÖn
cvq bv| Avevi MÖx®§Kv‡j iv¯Ívq cÖPzi ayjvevwj R‡g, nvjKv evZv‡mB AwZwi³ ayjv-evwji Rb¨ iv¯Ívq Pjv
`vq n‡q hvq| ZvB gvby‡li wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vI GKwU cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸wj‡K wbiwew”Qbœfv‡e Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ DcKiY †hgb- Jla I Ab¨vb¨
hš¿cvwZ, my‡hvM myweav, cwievi cwiKíbv DcKiY, cywó †mev welqK hš¿cvwZ †hgb- IRb gvcvi hš¿,
i³Pvc cwigv‡ci hš¿, Wvqv‡ewUm cwigv‡ci hš¿, MUAC †Uc, AvBBwm DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cÖwZwU
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ‡cÖiY Kivi K_v| A_P m‡iRwg‡b ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wM‡q †`Lv hvq, †mLv‡b
IRb gvcvi hš¿, i³Pvc cwigv‡ci hš¿ _vK‡jI Wvqv‡ewUm cwigv‡ci hš¿ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY †bB †mLv‡b|
Avevi, ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z mieivnK…Z 29 ai‡bi Jl‡ai g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ 7 ai‡bi Jla ch©vß
cwigv‡Y mieivn Av‡Q, 18 ai‡bi Jla Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq Kg cvIqv hvq| GQvov 4 ai‡bi Jl‡ai mieivn
GK`g †bB ej‡jB P‡j|

65 | P a g e
 lô Aa¨vq
ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqY
➢ gvVKg© ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqY:
MÖvgxY `wi`ª I myweav ewÂZ RbM‡Yi †`vi‡Mvovq gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Kvh©µg kiæ nq| Z‡e †h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj, Zv KZUzKz
ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q- Zv Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| hv‡`i Rb¨ GB wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©µg, Zviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
wb‡q wK fve‡Q, Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K cv‡”Q wK bv, Zv hvPvB Kivi
Rb¨B ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½: †mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ-
kxl©K gvVKg©wU cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
GB mgxÿvi cÖvß Z‡_¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ, bgybv A‡ji kZfvM gvbylB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K©
AeMZ| 73% RbMbB Rv‡bb †h KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I civgk© †`Iqv nq| Z‡e AevK
Kiv welq n‡jv, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi e¨vcv‡i GZ gvbyl Rvb‡jI kZKiv gvÎ 42 fvM
gvbyl mvaviY mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib| eo GKUv Ask (39%) cÖv_wgK
¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKv‡bi Ici fimv iv‡Lb| A_©vr, Zviv mvaviY mgm¨v‡ZI cÖ_‡g
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib bv| A_P KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨B ejv n‡q‡Q, MÖvgxY
`wi`ª I myweav ewÂZ RbM‡Yi †`vo‡Mvovq gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Kiv| wKš‘ Avgiv mgxÿv †_‡K
†`L‡Z ‡cjvg, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †mB D‡Ïk¨ c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
hviv KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z hvb, Zv‡`i A‡a©K gvbyl KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevq †gvUvgywU mš‘ó|
wKš‘ 22% DcKvi‡fvMx Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡q Zviv G‡Kev‡iB mš‘ó bq| Gi KviY
wn‡m‡e †`Lv †M‡Q, 55% †mevMÖnxZvB wK¬wb‡K wM‡q Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vß Jla cvbwb| KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK¸‡jv ïµevi I miKvwi QzwUi w`b e¨ZxZ evwK me Kg©w`e‡m †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e, GgbUvB D‡jøL
Av‡Q bxwZgvjvq| A_P A‡a©K ‡mevMÖnxZv (50%) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wM‡q A‡bK mgqB ‡diZ
Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q| KviY †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AwMÖg †bvwUk QvovB gv‡S g‡a¨B w`‡bi ci w`b eÜ _v‡K wK¬wbK|
Avevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †Lvjv _vKvi †h mgq m~Px, †mwUI †g‡b P‡j bv e‡j Rvbvb 64% †mevMÖnxZv|
Avevi †mev `vZvi e¨env‡iI weiw³ Rvwb‡q‡Qb 16% DcKvi‡fvMx| Avevi `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ges †Km
÷vwW‡Z †`Lv hvq, wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI wmGBPwmwc ¯^RbcÖxwZ K‡ib| cwiwPZ gyL
Qvov ch©vß Jla w`‡Z Pvb bv| Avevi A‡bK mgq Jla _vKvi c‡iI Ab¨ Av‡iKw`b Avm‡Z e‡jb|
Avevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z ch©vß emvi e¨e¯’v †bB| wK¬wb‡Ki †h Ae¯’vb, Zvi Av‡k cv‡ki iv¯Ív¸‡jv
gvwUi ˆZwi| d‡j †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µ‡g GKwU eo AšÍivq| Avevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv miÄv‡giI NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| 29 ai‡bi Jla mieivn _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI wK¬wb‡K gvÎ
7 ai‡bi Jla ch©vß cwigv‡Y mieivn i‡q‡Q| d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixivI ch©vß Jla
w`‡Z cv‡ib bv †mevMÖnxZv‡`i| Avevi KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z we`¨gvb wZbwU c‡`i cwievi cwiKíbv
mnKvix c`wU `xN©w`b a‡iB k~b¨ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| GQvov ¯^v¯’¨mnKvix mßv‡n wZbw`b wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`v‡bi
K_v _vK‡jI wZwb gv‡a¨ g‡a¨B wK¬wb‡K Av‡mb bv| G‡ZI wK¬wb‡Ki †mev Kvh©µg e¨nZ n‡”Q|

66 | P a g e
DcwiD³ KviY¸‡jvi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Ici AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡Z‡Q ¯’vbxq gvbylRb| cwie‡Z©
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨I ¯’vbxq cjøx wPwKrmK wKsev ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b kiYvcbœ
n‡”Q Zv‡`i eo GKUv Ask (39%)| cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †Zv e‡UB, GgbwK ¸iæZi ev RwUj †iv‡Mi
mgm¨v‡ZI cÖvq 36% gvbyl ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKvb wKsev cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki IciB fimv K‡ib|
Z‡e GZme ‡bwZevPK w`‡Ki cvkvcvwk wKQz BwZevPK w`KI D‡V G‡m‡Q mgxÿvq| GB mgxqÿvq Ask
†bIqv cÖvq 80 kZvsk gvbyl Zv‡`i GjvKvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK _vKvi e¨vcv‡i BwZevPK gšÍe¨ K‡ib|
DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i 94% Rvwb‡q‡Qb, KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi †`vi‡Mvovq cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
‡cŠu‡Q w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| GQvov beRvZ‡Ki wUKv cÖ`vb Ges Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I
†mev cÖ`v‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv f‚wgKv ivL‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib cÖvq wZb-PZz_©vsk †mevMÖnxZ|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb I cwimi AviI e„w×i Rb¨ bvbvwea civgk© D‡V Av‡m mgxÿvq| mßv‡n
AšÍZ GKw`b ‡Kv‡bv GgweweGm Wv³v‡ii gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kiv, wK¬wb‡K †mev cÖ`vbKvixi msL¨v I
Zv‡`i `ÿZv e„w× Kiv, wK¬wb‡K ch©vß wPwKrmiv miÄvg mieivn Kiv, wK¬wb‡K emvi e¨e¯’v Kiv,
wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb mieivn Kiv, gv‡S g‡a¨ ¯^v¯’¨ †mev welqK K¨v‡¤úB‡bi
Av‡qvRb Kiv BZ¨vw`| GQvov wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi mgq-mxgv evov‡bvi welqwU we‡klfv‡e D‡V Av‡m| †Kbbv,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †Lvjv ivLvi †h mgqm~Px (mKvj 9Uv †_‡K weKvj 3Uv), GB mg‡q MÖvgv‡ji
AwaKvsk Kg©Rxex gvbyl Zv‡`i wbR wbR Kg©¯’‡j _v‡K| ZvB A‡b‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI mgq-m~wPi M¨vivK‡j
wK¬wbK †_‡K †mev wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| d‡j bv PvB‡jI eva¨ n‡q ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKvb †_‡K †mev wb‡Z nq
Zv‡`i| ZvB mgqm~wP msµvšÍ RwUjZv wbim‡i `ªæZ D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi civgk© †`b Zviv|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi `vbK…Z Rwg‡Z ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GwU cwiPvjbvq ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mg_©b
Ges mivmwi AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _vKvq †mevMÖnxZviv GB cÖwZôvbwU‡K wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôvb g‡b K‡ib|
cvkvcvwk KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK m¤ú~Y© webvg~‡j¨ `wi`ª RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q ¯^v¯’¨†mev cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡”Q| myZivs
wK¬wb‡Ki †hme m¼U Ges `ye©j w`K GB mgxÿvq D‡V G‡m‡Q, †mme mgm¨v mgvav‡b `ªæZ D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g Gi †h D‡Ïk¨ †mwU cy‡ivcywi ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e|

➢ mycvwikgvjv:
mgx¶vq cÖvß Z_¨vw` we‡kølY K‡i KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi †mevi gvb e„w×i j‡¶¨ wb‡¤œv³ c`‡¶c¸‡jv
†bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i:
• eZ©gv‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z wbqwgZ †mev`vbKvix gvÎ GKRb (wmGBPwmwc)| Gi evB‡i
GBPG mßv‡n wZbw`b K‡i KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| Ab¨w`‡K GdWweøDG c`wU `xN©w`b †_‡K k~b¨
_vKvq GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z Rbej m¼U ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| Avevi whwb GBPG wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ,
Zvi mßv‡n wZb w`b Avmvi K_v _vK‡jI wZwb gv‡S g‡a¨B Av‡mb bv| Zvi wbR¯^ Kg©‡¶‡Î
wKsev Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vKvq wK¬wb‡Ki Kv‡R h‡_ó g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G‡¶‡Î
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU myôzfv‡e †mev Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi j‡¶¨ wbqwgZ Rbej e„w× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

67 | P a g e
• m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x Rvwn` gv‡jK GKwU Rwi‡ci dj cÖKvk K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb e‡jb,
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki 18 kZvsk gvby‡li †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv gvbwmK mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ 12 kZvsk
wkï| wZwb AviI Rvbvb, cÖwZeQi 10 †_‡K 15 nvRvi gvbyl gviv hv‡”Q wW‡cÖk‡b (gvbwmK
AembœZvq)| G‡`i g‡a¨ Avevi wkÿv_x©i msL¨vB †ewk| (mgq wUwf, 06 b‡f¤^i 2022)|
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ZvB we`¨gvb †mevi cvkvcvwk gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi wel‡q D‡`¨vM wb‡Z
cv‡i, hv LyeB eZ©gvb †cÖÿvcU we‡ePbvq mg‡qvc‡hvMx|
• wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q gvby‡li AvMÖn K‡g hvIqvi Ab¨Zg eo KviY ch©vß Jla bv cvIqv|
m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡eÿY †_‡KI D‡V G‡m‡Q, 29 ai‡bi Jl‡ai g‡a¨ †Kej 7 cÖKv‡ii Jl‡ai ch©vß
mieivn Av‡Q| Avevi cÖwZ gv‡m †h cwigvY Jla mieivn Kiv nq Zv GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi
cª‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj| Avi ZvB mieiv‡ni wKQyw`b c‡iB cÖ‡qvRbxq Jla¸‡jv †kl n‡q
hvq| †m‡¶‡Î cieZx©‡Z †ivMxiv cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK Jla cvb bv| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx me ai‡bi
Jl‡ai mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mßv‡n wbw`©ó †Kvb w`‡b GKRb GgweweGm Wv³vi KZ©„K †mev
cÖ`v‡bi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• MÖvgvÂj we‡ePbvq RbM‡Yi me‡P‡q wbKUeZx© ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡K›`ª n‡jv GB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK| ZvB
we`¨gvb †mev¸‡jvi evB‡i ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi ¯^v‡_© cÖme †mev ev bigvj †Wwjfvixi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z mve©ÿwYK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †bB| Avevi cwi”QbœZv Kg©©xI †bB| ZvB myôz
iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ bvBUMvW© I Avqv wb‡qv‡Mi e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx QywUi w`bmn mßv‡ni 7 w`bB †Lvjv ivLvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †mBmv‡_ 24 NÈv †mevcÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j,
KwgDwbwUi †hvM¨ e¨w³‡`i cvjvµ‡g KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b DrmvwnZ Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki bxwZgvjq B-‡nj_ †mev Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ j¨vcUc eiv‡Ïi K_v _vK‡jI GLbI
Zv wK¬wb‡K †cŠuQvqwb| GQvov cÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevecÎ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wPwKrmv miÄvgvw`i NvUwZ
_vKvq wK¬wbKwUi AvIZvfz³ DcKvi‡fvMx Rb‡Mvôx h_vh_fv‡e cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cv‡”Q bv|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi cwimi e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ ‡dvbKj †mev Pvjy Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i
†h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vq wK¬wb‡K bv G‡mI N‡i e‡m gvbyl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqK cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© MÖnY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv miÄv‡gi AwaKvskB †bB ev _vK‡jI Zv bó| ZvB
cÖ‡qvRbxq cixÿv-wbixÿv¸‡jv Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| ZvB KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
gvbm¤§Z hš¿cvwZi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• RwUj †K‡m KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK fimvi ¯’vb n‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kv‡bv †ivMx Avm‡j
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z †idv‡ij e¨e¯’v Pvjy Av‡Q| †idv‡ii †¶‡Î f¨vb/Mvox/ A¨v¤^y‡j‡Ýi
e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwU‡Z fv‡jv emvi e¨e¯’v †bB| cvkvcvwk gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v Uq‡j‡Ui e¨e¯’vI
†bB| Avevi wK¬wb‡K we`y¨‡Zi wgUvi Ges Zvi _vK‡j we`y¨r ms‡hvM †bB wK¬wb‡K| G‡Z cÖPÛ

68 | P a g e
 Mi‡gi mgq wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg wKQzUv e¨nZ nq| GB welq ¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¨e¯’v ‡bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wbKwUi k~b¨c` `ªæZ c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk µgea©gvb wPwKrmv cÖZ¨vkx gvby‡li
Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ AviI Rbej evov‡bv cÖ‡qvRb|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev cÖ`vbKvix wn‡m‡e hviv Av‡Qb, Zv‡`i wbqwgZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwkÿ‡Y mxwgZ AvKv‡ii KvUv-‡Quov †mjvB, Bb‡RKkb I m¨vjvBb cÖ`v‡bi g‡Zv
welq¸‡jv †kLv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Zv‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g hZ †ewk `ÿ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv
hv‡e, †mevi gvbI ZZ †ewk e„w× cv‡e|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wmGBPwmwc wn‡m‡e whwb Av‡Qb, wZwb `xN©w`b a‡i GLv‡b Kg©iZ _vK‡jI
GL‡bv Zvi PvKix RvZxqKiY nqwb Ges gv‡S gv‡S wbw`©ó mg‡q †eZbI cvb bv| G‡Z K‡i gv‡S
g‡a¨B Zvi g‡a¨ nZvkv P‡j Av‡m| Avi nZvkv †_‡K KL‡bvB fv‡jv †mevcÖ`vb m¤¢e bq| ZvB
Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡b `ªæZ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †h ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q, Zvi gvb hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡`i
Kv‡Ri Ici Z`viwK evov‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ m¨vwbUvwi b¨vcwKb mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i eqtmwÜKvjxb I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wel‡q gv‡S g‡a¨ K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
• wK¬wb‡Ki Avmv-hvIqvi Rb¨ Av‡k cv‡k †h KqwU moK Av‡Q, Zv `ªæZ ms¯‹vi I cvKvKi‡Yi
D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| KviY A‡b‡KB LvbvK›` wKsev ayjvevwji iv¯Ív †cwi‡q wK¬wb‡K hvIqvi AvMÖn
cvb bv|
• ¯’vbxq RbMY‡`i wb‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqK wewfbœ K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i
Zviv †hgb ¯^v¯’¨ welqK wewfbœ civgk© cv‡eb, GKB m‡½ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cÖwZI Zv‡`i AvMÖn
‡e‡o hv‡e|

69 | P a g e
 mßg Aa¨vq
Dcmsnvi
ejv nq, wkÿv n‡jv RvwZi †giæ`Û Ges ¯^v¯’¨ n‡jv me my‡Li g~j| ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv _vK‡j mewKQzB fv‡jv
jv‡M| ZvQvov wPwKrmv gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| iv‡óªi mKj bvMvwi‡Ki ¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi
`vwqZ¡I iv‡óªi| †mKvi‡Y bvMwi‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev msµvšÍ bvbv ai‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i miKvi| wVK †Zgwb
GKwU D‡`¨vM n‡jv KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK| †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ I myweavewÂZ MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GB D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K webvg~‡j¨ cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqvi
cvkvcvwk cÖwZ‡ivag~jK, civgk© cÖ`vb I †idv‡ij ‡mev †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K|
‡`‡ki cÖvwšÍK A‡ji `wi`ª I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡Ki eo mvdj¨| Z‡e GKB mv‡_ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †ek wKQz m¼U I mgm¨v GB gvVK‡g© wPwýZ
n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv Avm‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki Kvh©KvwiZv‡K evavMÖ¯Í Ki‡Q| cÖ_‡gB D‡jøL Kiv hvq,
KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ch©vß Jla cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| GKB m‡½ KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv miÄv‡gi
Afve i‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K emvi e¨e¯’v †bB| †mev wb‡Z wM‡q A‡bKÿY `vuwo‡q _vK‡Z
n‡”Q| hviv †mevcÖ`vb Ki‡Qb, Zv‡`i bvggvÎ cÖwkÿY w`‡q ewm‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| A_P Zv‡`i hZ †ewk
cÖwkÿ‡Yi AvIZvq Avbv hv‡e, Zviv ZZ †ewk `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges AviI fv‡jv gv‡bi †mev
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki wewfbœ m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq gvbylRb wK¬wb‡Ki bv G‡m A‡bKmgq
cjøx wPwKrmK wKsev Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b hv‡”Q| GQvov KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mgqm~PxI Gi KviY wn‡m‡e D‡V
G‡m‡Q| KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †h QqN›Uv †mev cÖ`v‡bi mgq, wewfbœ cvwicvwk^©K Amyweavq GB Qq N›Uv
¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| GKB m‡½ k~b¨ c` `xN©w`b a‡i dvuKv _vKvq ‡mev Kvh©µg e¨nZ nq| ZvB
GB welq¸‡jv ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ|
wewfbœ ÎywUwePy¨wZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I GKwU RvqMv ‡_‡K gvbyl ¯^v¯’¨, cwievi cwiKíbv I cywó‡mev cv‡”Q, GUv
GKUv weivU e¨vcvi| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Z…Yg~j gvbyl‡K ïay ¯^v¯’¨‡mev w`‡”Q bv, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev-msewjZ ‡h
m‡PZbZv m…wó Ki‡Q, ‡mUv mvwe©K ¯^v¯’¨ m~P‡K BwZevPK dj wb‡q G‡m‡Q| webv g~‡j¨ mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Rb¨ Kg cvIqv bq| cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’vcbvq MÖvg ch©v‡q ¯’vbxq Rbmvavi‡Yi
AskMÖn‡Yi e¨e¯’v wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU g‡Wj, mvd‡j¨i `…óvšÍ| wmsnfvM KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vbxq ‡Kv‡bv
e¨w³i Rwg‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q| Gi cwiPvjbvq ¯’vbxq gvbyl I RbcÖwZwbwaiv m¤ú„³| miKvwi ‡eZbfy³ ‡h
wZbRb ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x GLv‡b ‡mev ‡`b, ZvivI mswkøó GjvKvi| ZvB KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki mvaviY gvbyl
wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôvb e‡j g‡b K‡ib| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jvq `vwqZ¡cvÖ ß ‡jvKRb‡K `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m‡Pó
_vK‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z MÖv‡gi Ae‡nwjZ gvbyl wK¬wb‡K ‡mevi Rb¨ G‡m wd‡i bv hvb| cvkvcvwk KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡Ki †h m¼U¸‡jv Av‡Q, Zv wbim‡b `ªæZ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vcb
Ges MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi KvR mv_©K I mdj n‡e|

70 | P a g e
 Z_¨m~Î
• BDmyd, Gg Avey I mvnv, †mvbg I Lv‡jK, Ave`yj (2017), evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi
†ÿ‡Î KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki f‚wgKv: AbymÜvb I ch©‡eÿY, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxÿv, LÛ 35 evwl©K
msL¨v 1424;
• Avnmvb, iæevBqvr I miKvi, wbg©j (2019), MYZvwš¿K mykvm‡b Rbm¤ú„³ cÖwZôv‡bi AskMÖnY-
mvgvwRK bxwiÿv: ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, Iqvì© wfkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv;
• AvRv`, Aa¨vcK Wv. Aveyj Kvjvg (2018), mvd‡j¨i †Rvqv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨: we‡k^i we¯§q,
¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, c„: 44-47;
• Riaz, Baizid Khoorshid, Ali, Liaquat, Ahmad, Sk. Akhtar, Islam, Md.
Ziaul, Ahmed Kazi Rumana, & Hossain, Sharmin (2020), Community
clinics in Bangladesh: A unique example of public-private partnership,
Heliyon, 6 (2020) e03950;
• Pasha, Brigadier General A K M Mustafa Kamal (2013), Community
health clinic in Bangladesh: An assessment of the essential service package
(ESP) delivery, ndc journal vol. 12 No. 2;
• Talukder, Shamim Hayder, Akter, Shahin, Farhana, Dina, Salahin, Kazi
Fayzus, Khanam, Shirin, Rahman, Md. Mostafizur, Hossain, Md Saddam,
Islam, Tasneem, Sultana, Ummay Farihin, Prodhan, Tasbirul Islam &
Islam, Mohammed Shariful (2019), Evaluation of the role of perceived
quality and satisfaction of beneficiaries about the health care services and
benefits of community clinics in Bangladesh, International Journal of
Public Health Research, Vol 12 No 2 2022, pp (1591-1600);
• Khan, Prof Dr. Md Abul Hashem (2012), Community Clinic: Development
of an idea and its successful implementation, Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, Availabel from: http://www.communityclinic.gov.bd
/admin/content_uploads/1557128442.pdf
• Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Consuting firm for Impact Evaluation
Study Titled “Revitalization of Community Health Care Initiatives in
Bangladesh (RCHCIB) (2nd Revised)”, Implementation Monitoring and
Evaluation Division, Ministry of Planning;
• Millat MH, Jahan MU, Hasan M, Alam K, Hossain MM & Miah MS
(2011), Status and prospect of Community Clinic in rural areas of
Bangladesh: An overview of health workers, Bangladesh Medical
Research Council, Med Res Counc Bull 2011; 37: p. 76-77;
• Normand C, Iftekar MH & Rahman SA. (2002), Assessment of the
community clinics: effects on service delivery, quality and utilization of
services. Health Systems Development Programme, 2002;
• Avjg, W. Lyiwk` (1993), mgvR M‡elYv c×wZ, Kwei cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv;
• Bmjvg, W. ‡gv. (2010), mvgvwRK M‡elYv, Zvmwgqv cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv;
• Avmv`y¾vgvb, M‡elYv c×wZ I g‡bvMÖvd wjLb, `¨ cvewjkvm©, XvKv;

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• GKv‡Wwg, evsjv (2005), e¨envwiK evsjv Awfavb, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv;
• gvbœvb, Aa¨vcK †gv: Ave`yj I †gix, mvgmybœvnvi Lvbg (2016), mvgvwRK M‡elYv I cwimsL¨vb
cwiwPwZ, Aemi cÖKvkbv ms¯’v, XvKv;
• kwdK, †mvnvbv (2019), MÖv‡gi †P‡q kni †hLv‡b wcwQ‡q, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 08 b‡f¤^i, 2019,
Available from https://tinyurl.com/4trkmnvr
• ‡nv‡mb, †gv. mvLvIqvZ (2020), MÖv‡g M‡Ä ¯^v¯’¨ I †hvMv‡hvM LvZ, P¨v‡bj AvB AbjvBb, 25
†m‡Þ¤^i, 2020, Available from https://tinyurl.com/yxvch4nc
• Bg`v`, wKkIqvi (2020), mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b MÖvgxY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev: cvuP `k‡Ki wPÎ, ewYK evZ©v,
b‡f¤^i 10, 2020, Available from https://bonikbarta.net/home/news_
description/246959
• ‡Rvqv`©vi, W. †ZŠwdK (2022), ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi weKvk I Gi mxgve×Zv, hyMvšÍi, 03 †deªæqvwi,
2022, Available from https://tinyurl.com/3vvtz5k4
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b‡f¤^i, 2021, Available from https://tinyurl.com/4naee3zf
• Avng`, wRqv DÏxb (2015), ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmvweÁvb, evsjvwcwWqv, 25 gvP©, 2015,
Available from https://tinyurl.com/4e3kh8jc

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 mshyw³
bgybvwqZ ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki d‡Uv

wPÎ: ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK| wK¬wbKwU evsjv‡`‡ki D‡Ëie‡½i MvBevÜvi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z my›`iMÄ
Dc‡Rjvi 2 bs †mvbvivq BDwbq‡bi ejivg MÖv‡gi †Rvov Av‡gi Zj bvgK ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z| wK¬wbKwU evwn‡i
†_‡K PKP‡K n‡jI bvbv mgm¨vq RR©wiZ| hv Av‡jvP¨ gvVK‡g© D‡V G‡m‡Q| d‡Uv‡Z ‰e`y¨wZK Zvi †`Lv
†M‡jI wK¬wb‡K Avm‡j †bB we`y¨r ms‡hvM| wK¬wb‡Ki mvg‡b dvuKv RvqMvq R‡ov Kiv ïK‡bv cvZvi ¯‘c,
hv †`Lvi †KD †bB| Z‡e wK¬wb‡Ki wfZ‡ii †`qvj¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi civgk© I Dc‡`kg~jK
†cv÷vi i‡q‡Q|

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 ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi wPÎ

wPÎ: ejivg KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡Z Avmv †mevMÖnxZv‡`i GKvsk| Av‡jvKwP‡Î KwgDwbwU
wK¬wb‡Ki wfZ‡ii cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hv‡”Q| fi-`ycy‡iI wK¬wb‡Ki wfZ‡ii cwi‡ek
AÜKviv”Qbœ| †mŠiwe`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jv R¦vwj‡q †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb KZ©e¨iZ wmGBPwmwc| wP‡Î †`Lv
hv‡”Q, wK¬wbKwU‡Z emvi Rb¨ ch©vß e¨e¯’v †bB| d‡j †mev wb‡Z Avmv DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i `vuwo‡q †_‡K
†mev MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡”Q| gwnjv, we‡kl K‡i hviv wkï-ev”Pv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q Av‡mb, Zv‡`i Rb¨ `xN© mgq
`vuwo‡q †_‡K †mevMÖnY KivUv †ek KóKi|

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 ÔKwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li `„wófw½:
†mvbvivq BDwbqbevmxi Ici GKwU mgxÿvÕ
Rwi‡ci cÖkœgvjv
DËi`vZvi Z_¨vejx:
1. DËi`vZvi bvg: ......................................................... 2. eqm: ................................
3. wj½: K) cyiæl L) gwnjv M) Ab¨vb¨ 4. wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv: ................
5. ˆeevwnK Ae¯’v: K. weevwnZ L. AweevwnZ M. cwiZ¨v³/ Avjv`v
6. cwiev‡ii m`m¨v msL¨v: .......... Rb
7. cÖavb †ckv:
K. M„wnYx L. M„nKgx© M. e¨emv N. K…wl KvR
O. PvKzwi P. wkÿv_x© Q. w`bgRyi R. Mv‡g©›Um kÖwgK
S. Ab¨vb¨: ............................................................

KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx:

8. Avcbvi GjvKvq ‡h KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Av‡Q, ‡mwU m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb wK?
K. n¨v Rvwb L. Rvwb bv

9. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki e¨vcv‡i Avcwb wKfv‡e Rv‡bb?

K. †jvKgy‡L ï‡b‡Qb L. e¨w³MZfv‡e wM‡q‡Qb
3. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb): ...............................

10. Avcwb Avcbvi Rxe‡b †Kvb †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev `vbKvix cÖwZôv‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb?
(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK L. cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ª
M. Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø· N. †emiKvwi nvmcZvj/wK¬wbK
O. gv I wkï g½j †K›`ª P. Ab¨ ‡Kv_vI (D‡jøL Kiæb): ..................

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11. mvaviY †ivM wKsev mgm¨vi cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq me©cÖ_g †Kv_vq hvIqvi K_v wPšÍv K‡ib?
K. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K L. cjøx wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q
M. ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKv‡b N. Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø‡·
O. †emiKvwi nvmcvZv‡j P. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb): ..................

12. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †mev cvIqv hvq e‡j g‡b K‡ib?
K. cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev I civgk© L. Riæix I ¸iæZi wPwKrmv †mev
M. KvD‡Ýwjs †mev N. †Zgb †Kv‡bv ‡mev cvIqv hvq bv

13. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K Avcwb GLbI ch©šÍ †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi †mev †c‡q‡Qb?
(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv L. cwievi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© civgk© `vb
M. Mf©Kvjxb gv‡q‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk©
N. beRvZ‡Ki wUKv cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© civgk© I wUKv cÖ`vb
O. beRvZK wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev I civgk©
P. †ivM RwUj n‡j Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv ch©v‡qi nvmcvZv‡j †idvi Kiv
Q. †ivMxi cywó I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© civgk© R. cÖme cieZx© †mev I civgk©
S. Ab¨vb¨ †mev (D‡jøL Kiæb): ..................

14. (ïaygvÎ weevwnZ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨) KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †_‡K Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i wK wK †mev †`Iqv nq?
(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. Mf© BwZnvm MÖnY L. kvixwiK cixÿv
M. cÖm‡ei m¤¢ve¨ ZvwiL (BwWwW MYbv) N. cÖ¯ªve cixÿv
O. AvqiY, dwjK GwmW Ges K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU MÖn‡Yi wel‡q civgk©
P. wUwU wUKv †`Iqv/ wb‡Z Dc‡`k MÖnY Q. cwievi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© civgk© cÖ`vb
R. Mf©Kvjxb wec`RbK ms‡KZ/ wPý m¤ú‡K© civgk©/ Dc‡`k cÖ`vb
S. Lv`¨ MÖnY, wekÖvg, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv wel‡q civgk© T. wbivc` cÖme m¤ú‡K© civgk©

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15. Avcwb KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K KZw`b cici hvb?
K. mßv‡n GKevi L. 15 w`‡b GKevi
M. gv‡m GKevi N. wZb gv‡m GKevi
O. Qqgv‡m GKevi P. eQ‡i GKevi
Q. cÖ‡qvRb Qvov hvB bv

16. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K wPwKrmv msµvšÍ wK wK hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q?

(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. Wvqv‡ewUm gvcvi hš¿ L. IRb gvcvi hš¿
M. i³-Pvc gvcvi hš¿ N. hš¿cvwZi bvg ej‡Z cv‡ibwb
O. hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q wK bv Rvbv †bB

17. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K ‡h ‡mev ‡`Iqv nq, ‡mB †mev wb‡q Avcbvi mš‘wói gvÎv †Kgb?
K. LyeB mš‘ó L. ‡gvUvgywU mš‘ó
M. mš‘ó bB N. gšÍe¨ †bB

18. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi ch©vß Jla cvIqv hvq wK bv?
K. Pvwn`v/ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla cÖ`vb K‡i
L. Pvwn`v/ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Jla cÖ`vb K‡i bv

19. cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvq KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK †h †h Jla cÖ`vb K‡i, Zvi Ici fimv ivLv hvq wK?
K. fimv Kiv hvq, Jla fv‡jv KvR K‡i
L. fimv Kiv hvq bv, †Zgb KvR K‡i bv

20. miKvwi QywU e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ w`‡b KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ‡Lvjv _v‡K wKbv
K. wbqwgZ ‡Lvjv _v‡K L. gv‡S g‡a¨B eÜ _v‡K
M. mwVK Rvbv ‡bB

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21. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki ‡h ‡Lvjv _vKvi mgqm~wP (mKvj 9-weKvj 3), Zv mwVKfv‡e ‡g‡b Pjv nq wK?
K. wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡Lvjv/eÜ Kiv nq L. mgqm~wP ‡g‡b P‡j bv
M. mwVK Rvbv †bB

22. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mev wb‡Z KZ UvKv K‡i w`‡Z nq?

K. 10 UvKv L. 20 UvKv
M. 5 UvKv N. Ab¨vb¨ cwigvY (D‡jøL Kiæb): ...............
O. †Kv‡bv UvKv w`‡Z nq bv, webvg~‡j¨ †mev cvIqv hvq

23. hLb wK¬wbK ‡Lvjv _v‡K, ZLb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixi wK¬wb‡K _v‡Kb wK?
K. ‡KDB _v‡K bv L. wZbRbB _v‡K
M. mevB _v‡K bv, Z‡e GKRb n‡jI _v‡K

24. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K †mev wb‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi AwfÁZv †Kgb?

K. mgm¨vi K_v ï‡b †m Abyhvqx Jla ev civgk© cÖ`vb K‡ib
L. mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb, Z‡e memgq ch©vß Jla w`‡Z cv‡ib bv
M. mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb bv, JlaI †`b bv

25. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hviv ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb K‡ib, Zv‡`i e¨envi †Kgb?
K. LyeB fv‡jv, g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb
L. ‡gvUvgywU gv‡bi e¨envi
M. e¨envi fv‡jv bv, Aí‡Z †i‡M hvb

26. ¸iæZi/ RwUj mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki K_v gv_vq Av‡m wK?
K. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvB, ‡mev bv †c‡jI civgk© cvIqv hvq
L. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡K hvB bv, KviY †mLv‡b ¸iæZi mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv †mev cvIqv hvq bv

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27. ¸iæZi mgm¨vq KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki cwie‡Z© †Kv_vq hvb?
K. ‡emiKvwi wK¬wbK L. Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø·
M. ‡gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j N. cjøx wPwKrmK/ ¯’vbxq Jl‡ai †`vKvb

28. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki BwZevPK w`K †KvbwU e‡j g‡b K‡ib?

(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. mvaviY †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv cvIqv hvq L. webvg~‡j¨ Jla cvIqv hvq
M. evwoi Kv‡QB e‡j hvZvqvZ LiP jv‡M bv N. ¯^v¯’¨ welqK civgk© cvIqv hvq

29. KwgDwbwU wK¬wb‡Ki †mevi gvb e„wׇZ wK wK c`‡ÿc †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i?
(GKvwaK DËi MÖnY‡hvM¨)
K. ch©vß Jla mieivn wbwðZ Kiv L. cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wbwðZ Kiv
M. mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b †iwR÷vW© wPwKrmK KZ…©K †mev cÖ`vb
N. QzwUi w`bmn mßv‡n mvZw`bB wK¬wbK †Lvjv ivLv O. 24 N›Uv †mev cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
P. ‡mev MÖnxZv‡`i emvi Rb¨ fv‡jv e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv
Q. Riæix cÖ‡qvR‡b †ivMx †idv‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î A¨v¤^y‡jÝ/Mvox/f¨v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
R. bigvj †Wwjfvwi/ mvaviY cÖme †mevi e¨e¯’v Kiv S. k~b¨c` `ªæZ c~iY Kiv
T. ‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i DbœZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv U. ‡dvbKj mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv
V. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡jøL Kiæb): ................................

30. KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK wb‡q Avcbvi Avi ‡Kv‡bv gšÍe¨ _vK‡j, DjøL Kiæb
DËit

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