API 580

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1. The work product of the RBI A

assessment and management
approach are plans that ad-
dress ways to manage risks.
This is called:
A. An Equipment Plan
B. A Sensitivity Analysis
C. A Risk Management Plan
D. A total Risk Assessment
2. RBI is a substitute for: D
A. Process Hazards
Analysis (PHA)
B. Hazards and
operability Study
(HAZOP)
C. Mechanical Integrity
(MI) Programs
D. None of the Above
3. Which of the following is not B
true concerning implementa-
tion of RBI implementation
plans to manage risks on an
equipment level?
A. RBI will identify equipment
that does not require inspec-
tion of some other form of
mit- igation because of the
accept- able level of risk
associated with the
equipment's current operation
B. Required inspection activ-
ities will reduce the conse-
quence of failure
C. It will provide an ac-
ceptance/understanding of
the current risk level
D. It will result in an overall re-

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duction in risk for the facilities
and/or equipment
4. RBI could be expanded to A
include failures other than
loss of containment.
Examples of other failures
and failure modes are:
A. Pressure relief devices
(plugging, fouling,
nonactiva- tion)
B. Instrument and control
sys- tems
C. Structural Systems
D. Machinery Components
5. Absolute Risk is: D
A. Risk resulting from forces
of nature, acts of God, or
sabo- tage
B. The manner of failure
C. Permanent Risk
D. An ideal and accurate de-
scription and quantification of
risk
6. In RBI terms, this is known as A
"the source of harm":
A. Hazard
B. Source
C. Hazardous Chemical
D. Toxic Chemical
7. Terms of reference by which B
the significance of risk is as-
sessed.This may include asso-
ciated cost and benefits, legal
and statutory requirements,
socio-economic and environ-
mental aspects and other in-

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puts to the assessment:
A. Risk Avoidance
B. Risk Criteria
C. Risk Identification
D. Quantitative Risk
8. What does the acronym BLEVE B
stand for?
A. Brine Levels Expand
Vapor Equilibrium
B. Boiling Liquid Expanding
Vapor Explosion
C. Below Estimated
Value Earnings
D. Basic Limitations External
to a Vessel Examination
9. According to API RP 580, fail- D
ure is defined as which one of
the following?
A. Loss of toxic material
B. Loss of life
C. Loss of hazardous material
D. Loss of containment
10. The ultimate goal of inspection B
is what purpose?
A. To reduce inspection costs
B. Safety and reliability of
op- erating facilities
C. To reduce T/A time
D. To determine which
inspec- tion technique is
most eco- nomical
11. Risk can be calculated, math- D
ematically, using which of the
following formula?
A. Risk= Certainty x Conse-
quence

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B. Risk= Probability+
Conse- quence
C. Risk = Certainty + Conse-
quence
D. Risk= Probability x
Conse- quence
12. Excessive inspection may B
have what effect?
A. Will greatly reduce the
risk level
B. May cause the risk level
to increase
C. Will cause the specific
equipment to last twice as
long
D. May lead to differing
corro- sion rates
13. RBI is focused on a systematic
B determination of which of the
following?
A. Risk tolerance
B. Relative risks
C. Absolute risk
D. Average risk
14. Risk management plans B
should be adjusted on what
frequency?
A. Annually
B. As new data becomes
avail- able
C. When operational changes
are made
D. Once every six months
15. API RP 580 is specifically tar- C
geted at the application of RBI
in which of the following?
A. Pulp/paper industry and

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chemical process industries
B. API-580 does not
specifical- ly target any
industry
C. Hydrocarbon and
chemical process industry
D. Pressure containment
16. RBI is based on sound, proven
C risk assessment and manage-
ment principles. However, RBI
will not compensate for the fol-
lowing except:
A. Not completely
implement- ing plans of risk
reduction
B. Lack of experienced and
knowledgeable personnel
or teamwork
C. Excess corrosion rates or
materials in cracking
environ- ments
D. Inaccurate or missing
infor- mation
17. Typically, PHA focus on which C
one of the following?
A. The mechanical integrity
re- lated damage mechanisms
B. Risk management
through inspections
C. Process unit design and
op- erating practices and their
ad- equacy.
D. Understanding failure
modes, addressing the
modes and therefore
improving relia- bility
18. Occurrence of a particular set D
of circumstances. This may be
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certain or uncertain. 3.1.14
A. Fault event
B. Risk Occurrence of a particular set of circum-
C. Hazard stances. The event may be certain or un-
D. Event certain. The event can be singular or
multiple. The probability of an event
occur- ring within a given period of time
can be estimated.
19. Loss of containment is com- C
monly described as?
A. Loss of toxic material to
the environment.
B. Loss of any material from
a PSM covered facility.
C. Loss of fluid to the environ-
ment
D. Loss of vapor to the
environ- ment

20. This is the term for a A

limitation of any harmful
consequence or reduction in
probability of a particular
event:
A. Mitigation
B. Hazard Assessment
C. Damage mode.
D. Probability Risk Ranking
B
21. This is a orderly decision to
accept the combination of the
probability of an event and its
consequence. It depends on
risk criteria.
A. ISO line
B. Risk Acceptance
C. Risk Avoidance
D. Risk Communication

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22. D

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Any individual or organization
that may perceive itself to be
affected by the risk.
A. Owner
B. Process Owner
C. Risk Evaluator
D. Stakeholder
23. RBI will not compensate for: A
A. Inaccurate or missing
infor- mation
B. Corrosion mechanisms
C. Qualified personnel
D. Sound engineering
24. The primary work product of A
the RBI assessment are:
A. Plans that address ways
to manage risk
B. Development of a risk
ma- trix'
C. Risk Reduction
D. Cost Reduction
25. Focusing on a smaller set of B
data should result in which of
the following?
A. Inaccurate information
B. More accurate information
C. Increased number of
fail- ures
D. No appreciable effect on
the RBI Inspection program
26. Utilization of RBI provides a C
vehicle for continuously im-
proving the inspection of fa-
cilities and systematically re-
ducing the risk associated with
which of the following?

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A. Hazard and operability
as- sessment.
B. Improper repair activity.
C. Pressure boundary failures .
D. Severe consequences
27. Risk management plans B
should be adjusted on what
frequency?
A. Annually
B. As new data becomes
avail- able
C. Only when operational
changes to equipment are
made
D. Once every six months
28. RBI is an integrated manage- D
ment tool that addresses an
area not fully addressed in oth-
er organizational risk manage-
ment efforts such as which of
the following?
A. Process Safety
Management (PSM) or
Remaining Life Evalu- ation
(RLE)
B. Process Hazards Analyses
(PHA) or Remaining Life
Eval- uation (RLE)
C. Process Safety
Management (PSM) or
Reliability Centered
Maintenance (RCM)
D. PHA, Integrity Operating
Window (IOW), or Reliability
Centered Maintenance (RCM)
29. RBI is not exclusively an in- C
spection activity and requires
the involvement of various
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segments of the organization
such as engineering, mainte-
nance, and which of the
follow-
ing?
A. The jurisdiction where the
pressure equipment is in-
stalled.
B. The senior vice president of
the owner company.
C. Operations .
D. The American Petroleum In-
stitute
30. Damage tolerance is defined B
as which of the following?
A. Termination of the ability of
a system, structure, or com-
ponent to perform its required
function of containment of flu-
id
B. The amount of deterioration
that a component can with-
stand without failure
C. A decision to accept a rela-
tive amount of deterioration.
D. An tool that characterizes
potential accidents in a graph-
ical manner

31. RBI represents: B

A. A method to focus atten-
tion specifically on deteriora-
tion methods that are of un-
known consequences
B. The next generation of in-
spection approaches and in-
terval setting
C. A method of basing deci-
sions on the consequence of

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failure tion alone. Examples where in-
D. A method of increasing spection may not be sufficient
the effectiveness of
inspection reporting for
vessels nearing end of life

32. By using this process, some

risks may be identified to be
below the iso-risk line so that
no further action to lower risk
is needed.
A. Risk Reduction
B. Risk Management
C. Rick Identification
D. Risk Acceptance

33. A Process Hazards Analysis

(PHA) uses a systemized ap-
proach to identify and ana-
lyze hazards in a process
unit. Therefore, hazards
associated with potential
equipment fail- ure due to in-
service degrada- tion
identified in the PHA can be
which of the following?
A. Can be completely
eliminat- ed by the RBI
activity
B. Specifically addressed
in the RBI analysis
C. Documented in the PHA
and offered as mitigation in
RBI ac- tivity
D. Misleading to RBI,
because PHA has a different
focus

34. Some risks cannot be ade-

quately managed by inspec-
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B
3

4
risk management
Coordinated activities to direct and
con- trol an organization with
regard to risk. Risk management
typically includes risk assessment,
risk mitigation, risk accep- tance,
and risk communication.

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to manage risks to accepted
levels include all but which of
the following?
A. Equipment nearing retire-
ment
B. Failure dominated risks
C. Failure mechanisms where
avoidance of failure primarily
depends on operating within a
defined pressure/temperature
envelope
D. Consequence-dominated
risk
35. Assessing the risk associated A
with each item of equipment
is only half of the key part
of to developing an optimized
inspection program. Which of
the following is the other vital
part of optimization?
A. Determine the most
appro- priate inspection
techniques for that piece of
equipment
B. Identify the inspection
effec- tiveness rating
C. Determining the desired
length of run and factoring in
to the risk equation
D. Documenting the method
for consequence of failure
deter- mination
36. RBI is focused on a systematic
B determination of which of the
following?
A. Safety Risks
B. Relative Risks

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C. Absolute Risks
D. Tangible Risks
37. In the relationship between C
RBI and other risk-based safe-
ty initiatives, equipment relia-
bility programs (such as Ro-
tating Equipment Monitoring)
can be a contributor to RBI.
How can these equipment reli-
ability measurement
programs contribute to RBI?
A.They can provide data on
the consequence analysis
portion of the RBI
B. They do provide data on
the equivalent spare pump in-
ser- vice rates
C. They provide input to the
probability analysis portion
of the RBI program
D. They provide economics for
the COF portion of the RBI
cal- culation
38. Risk cannot be reduced to zero
B solely by inspection efforts.
Which of the following is not a
residual risk factor for loss of
containment?
A. Design Errors
B. Process Creep
C. Unknown mechanisms
of deterioration
D. Consequential efforts
from associated equipment
in the same unit
39. D

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Which of the following repre-
sents the ultimate goal of in-
spection?
A. Focus attention specifically
on the equipment
representing
the most risk to the facility
B. Management of corrosion
data per codes and standards
such as API 510, 570, & 653
C. To determine corrosion
rates, and possible mitigation
D. Safety and reliability of
oper-
ating facilities
40. Equipment reliability pro- B
grams are part of PSM. Their
contribution to PSM is
typically
which of the following?
A. Identifying potential areas
of
operational degradation items
B. Provides input to the prob-
ability analysis portion of the
RPI program
C. Contributes to the COF por-
tion of the equation
D. Identifies COF items not
considered under other PSM
programs

41. An effective PSM program in- C

cludes which of the following?
A. A well-structured
equipment
operational manual and a unit
SME
B. Well-structured equip-
ment/maintenance program

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supervised by a Reliability En-
gineer
C. A well-structured
inspection

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program
D. A documented inspection
program with Certified Inspec-
tors
42. The objective of RBI is to de- C
termine the of an equip-
ment failure and that
the incident could occur.
A. culprit, belief
B. location, reporting
C. consequence, probability
D. cause, probability

43. If the probability and conse- D

quence (risk) is high enough
to
be unacceptable then which of
the following is true?
A. That process must be
imme-
diately shut down
B. The iso risk line should be
re-evaluate
C. The risk should be re-as-
sessed with additional experts
D. Mitigation action is recom-
mended

44. Only by considering what A

two factors can an effective
risk-based decision making
take place?
A. Consequence of failure and
probability of failure
B. Projected time to failure,
and
end of life strategy
C. Economic impact and cost
of product loss

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D. Environmental and safety
consequences

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45. A traditional quantitative risk C
assessment is comprised of
several tasks. Which of the
fol-
lowing is not considered as
one of the common tasks?
A. Systems identification
B. Probability assessment
C. Personnel identification
D. Consequence analysis

46. A QRA deals with risk asso- A

ciated with equipment damage
but also which of the follow-
ing?
A. Total Risk
B. Overall Risk
C. Entire Risk
D. Whole Risk

47. Quantitative Risk Assess- B

ments are generally performed
by which of the following per-
son?
A.The unit inspector
B. An experienced risk analyst
C. Owner/user quality
manager
D. Reliability engineer

48. Which of the following is the A

primary work product of the
RBI assessment and manage-
ment approach?
A. Plans that address ways to
manage risks on an
equipment
level
B. Plans that address to man-
age personnel

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C. Plans that address
addition-
al training requirements

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D. Plans for the elimination of
tangible risks to equipment
49. In reviewing the following, D
which is not covered by API RP
580?
A. Heat exchangers
B. Heat recovery boilers
on process units
C. Pressure vessels
D. Ladders and platforms
50. Several things are not covered
B by API RP 580. Which of the
fol- lowing is an example of
some- thing that is covered by
API RP 580?
A. Instrument and control
sys- tems
B. Elevated municipal
water storage tank
C. Electrical systems
D. Structural systems
51. If the probability and conse- B
quence of an RBI is high
enough, then which of the fol-
lowing is a proper answer?
A. The process must be ana-
lyzed to insure the results,
and possibly shut down
B. Mitigation action is recom-
mended
C.The threshold on the iso-risk
line should be reviewed
D. The risk matrix should be
altered to align with the
new threat
52. D

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Per the 580, risk is explained
as
which of the following?
A. The relative acceptability of
an event as it relates to safe-
ty, the environment, and total
damage
B. A concept to be minimized
or avoided
C. The certainty of an event
happening and the conse-
quences of the event as a
re- sult of the environment
D. A combination of the
proba- bility of some event
occurring during a time period
of interest and the
consequences.
53. Risk reduction is defined by B
which of the following?
A. A process of selecting and
implementing actions to
modi- fy a risk
B. The act of mitigating a
known risk to an
acceptable level of risk
C. The act of not becoming in-
volved in or an action to with-
draw from a risk situation
D. A process to assess proba-
bility and consequence of risk

54. Effective risk based decision B

making takes place when con-
sidering what two factors?
A. Probability of an event,
and the length of the run
B. Consequence of Failure
and POF
C. Time to the next T/A and the
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corrosion rate 570 & 653 to:
D. Allowances to the T-min A. Extend inspection intervals and
ver- sus the nominal provide relevant documen-
corrosion rate

55. What is an "ISO-risk line?

A. An RBI standard
developed by International
Organization for
Standardization
B. Inspection Safety and
Oper- ational RBI Standard
C. A constant risk level
D. Inspection Safety and
Health risk constant

56. Risk reduction and risk man-

agement can be considered:
A. Synonymous and equal.
B. Risk reduction is only a
part of risk management
C. A risk management tool.
D. Part of systematic
approach for risk
identification

57. Which is not covered by

API RP 580?
A. Header boxes on fin fan
ex- changers.
B. Heat recovery boilers
on process units.
C. Above ground atmospher-
ic storage tanks with out leak
prevention.
D. Permanent ladders and
plat- forms .

58. RBI works with codes and

standards such as API 510,
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of deterioration, inspection

With advances in inspection

approaches, and better
understanding of the type and rate
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tation. intervals/due dates became more depen-
B. Use inspection philosophy dent on the equipment condition (i.e.
such as intervals based on con- dition-based inspection), rather than
some percentage of what might have been an arbitrary calen-
equipment life (such as half- dar date. Codes and standards such as
life) API 510, API 570, and API 653
C. Utilize probability based evolved to an inspection philosophy with
in- spection intervals elements such as:
D. Document inspection phi- a) inspection intervals/due dates based
losophy such interval on some percentage of equipment life
exten- sions. (such as 1/2 life);
b) on-stream inspection in lieu of inter-
nal inspection based on low
deterioration rates;
c) internal inspection requirements for
damage mechanisms related to process
environment induced cracking;
d) consequence-based inspection inter-
vals/due dates.

C
59. When planning inspections,
a point is reached where
addi- tional inspection
activity be- gins to show a
diminish-
ing return and eventually may
produce very little additional
risk reduction. This process
is commonly called :
A. Risk-Based Residual
B. Residual Risk
C. Inspection Optimization
D. Consistent Risk Methodolo-
gy

60. Excessive inspection can have B

which of the following effects?
A. Will reduce the conse-
quence level
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B. May cause the risk level to

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increase
C. Will generally reduce the
im-
pact of the consequence level
D. May result in mitigation
back
to a known level of iso-risk
61. The amount of inspection af- C
fects risk. With an initial in-
spection, which of the follow-
ing is true?
A. Risk will be uncertain.
B. Risk will be lowered slightly
C. Risk is significantly re-
duced
D. The avoidance of risk is re-
duced

62. When using the spectrum of D

risk analysis, the use of "ex-
pert opinion" is identified by
which of the following?
A. Typically not necessary due
to the level of evaluation.
B. Generally used when evalu-
ating nonthreatening risk miti-
gation.
C. Will typically not be includ-
ed due to the type and level of
evaluation
D.Typically be included regard-
less of type of level

63. The QRA is usually comprised D

of multiple tasks. Which of the
following is not one of these
tasks?
A. Systems identification
B. Hazards identification

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C. Probability assessment
D. Required personnel
64. The results of a Semi-quantita- A
tive risk analysis approach are
usually given in what form?
A. Equipment specific work
plan
B. Analysis results plotted on
the iso-risk line
C.Through the use of logic
tree
models
D. With the use of failure mode
models

65. The fitness and current con- B

dition of the equipment within
the current operating
envelope
will govern which of the
follow-
ing?
A. The consequence of failure
B. The probability of failure
C. The risk of failure
D. The time of failure

66. This is a methodology where- B

by damage contained within a
component is assessed in or-
der to determine acceptability.
A. RBI
B. Fitness-for-service
C. risk acceptance
D. risk mitigation

67. This is described as a B. Precision

function of computational C. Accuracy
methods. D. Data validation
A. Data assessment
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B

It is important to understand the

difference between precision and
accuracy when it comes to risk
analysis. Accuracy
is a function of the analysis
methodology,

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the quality of the data, and consistency of
application, while precision is a
function of the selected metrics and com-
putational methods. Risk presented as a
precise numeric value (as in a
quantitative analysis) implies a greater
lev- el of accuracy when compared to a
risk matrix (as in a qualitative analysis).
However, the implied linkage of precision
and accuracy may not exist because of
the element of uncertainty that is
inherent with probabilities and conse-
quences.

68. This is described as a mod- D

el depicting the progression
of accidents, transport of a Quantitative RBI uses logic models
haz- ardous material to the depict- ing combinations of events that
environ- ment. could re- sult in severe accidents and
A. Risk model physical models depicting the progression
B. Logic model of accidents and the transport of a haz-
C. Concentric model ardous material to the environment.
D. Physical model The models are evaluated
probabilistically to provide both qualitative
and quantitative insights about the level
of risk
and to identify the design, site, or oper-
ational characteristics that are the most
important to risk. Hence, more detailed
information and data are needed for a fully
quantitative RBI in order to provide input
for the models.
69. Consequences are always
negative for which of the C
fol- lowing aspect?
A. Environmental
B. Economic
C. Safety
D. Public opinion

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70. Application of RBI can provide

D evidence of complete risk
man- agement and integrity
monitor- ing programs that can
be used as a basis for which of
the fol- lowing?
A. Fitness-for-service
evalua- tion
B. Risk analysis
C. Fault tree development
D. Advocating adoption of
RBI by jurisdictions.
71. A QRA uses logic and physical
D models.Therefore, what can
be said about input data?
A. Expect opinion plays a
vital role
B. A high degree of certainty
is needed
C. Less detailed
information and data are
needed
D. More detailed
information and data are
needed
72. With an initial investment in A
inspection activities which of
the following will be accom-
plished?
A. Risk generally is
significant- ly reduced
B. Risk generally will not be
reduced just allocated a
lower factor
C. Risk generally will be
totally eliminated
D. Risk generally will have
no impact should failure
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occur

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73. Data need in a qualitative RBI A
fall into which category?
A. They only need to be cate-
gorized into broad ranges or
classifieds versus a reference
point
B. Data needs to be provided
in
logic concepts depicting com-
binations of events
C. Data needs to be individual-
ly categorized
D. A significant amount of
data
needs to be collected due to
the absence of expert opinion

74. Damage mechanisms include A

all of the following except
which one?
A. Event driven mechanisms
B. Corrosion
C. Cracks
D. Metallurgical damage

75. Reducing inspection costs is D

usually not the primary objec-
tive of an RBI assessment, but
it is frequently a side effect of
optimization. When optimized,
which of the following is not
true?
A. Ineffective, unnecessary or
inappropriate inspection activ-
ities may be eliminated
B. Inspection of low risk items
may be totally eliminated
C. On-line inspection methods
can be substitute for invasive
methods
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D. Less experienced Inspec-

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tors can be utilized to replace
the high demand
experienced people
76. The accuracy of the results C
from a ""qualitative"" analysis
is dependent on which of the
following?
A. The accuracy of all
collected data
B. The use of logic models
C. The background and
exper- tise of the analysts
D. Environmental and
atmos- pheric
considerations
77. Quantitative risk analysis uses
A what type of model to depict
combinations of events that
could result in severe acci-
dents.
A. Logic models
B. Physical models
C. Conscious Models
D. Eccentric models
78. By dividing a process unit B
into systems, the equipment
can be screened together sav-
ing time, compared to treating
each piece of equipment
sepa- rately. Selection of the
systems may be based on:
A. Volume of systems
B. Relative reliability of sys-
tems
C. Physical location of
sys- tems
D. Age of systems

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79. Data Quality stresses the need D
for a knowledgeable individ-
ual to compare data from the
inspections to the expected
deterioration mechanism and
rate. This person may also
compare the results with pre-
vious measurements on that
system, similar systems at the
site or within the company.
This is called?
A. Engineer effectiveness
me- chanical evaluation
B. ISO-evaluation
C. Risk management
D. Validation step
80. By focusing on risks and their C
mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. An understanding of how
equipment is designed to
oper- ate
B. Better utilization of operat-
ing and inspection personnel
C. A better linkage between
the mechanisms that lead to
equipment failures and the in-
spection approaches that will
effectively reduce the associ-
ated risks
D. A better linkage between
the mechanisms lead to
equip- ment failures and the
correct repair approaches
that will ef- fectively return
the equipment to service
81. D

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For an RBI analysis,
equipment
is often grouped into systems,
loops, or circuits where com-
mon conditions exist. When
conducting a systems within
process units screening, se-
lection of systems may be
based on all but one of the fol-
lowing.
A. Relative risk of the system
B. Relative COF of the system
C. Reliability of the system
D. Ease of access for inspec-
tion of the system
82. When establishing operating B
boundaries, startup and shut
down conditions as well as
emergency and non-routine
conditions should be reviewed
for their potential effect on
which of the following?
A. Consequence of failure
B. Consequence of failure and
POF
C. POF
D. To identify areas where op-
erating conditions need to be
monitored such as a pressur-
ization sequence to prevent
damage

83. When establishing operat- B

ing boundaries, how should
changes in the process result-
ing from abnormal or upset
conditions is evaluated?
A. They should be ignored due
to their short term existence

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B. They should be considered
in the RBI assessment
C. They should be notification
points for inspection person-
nel
D. They documented for con-
sideration if potential mitiga-
tion is assessed

84. Quantitative risk analysis log- B

ic models generally consist of
event trees and fault trees.
Event trees delineate initiating
events and which of the
follow-
ing?
A. System successes and
prof-
its
B. System successes and fail-
ures
C. System successes and per-
sonnel failures
D. System successes and total
run times

85. In reviewing the following, D

which is not covered by API
RP
580?
A. Heat exchangers
B. Relief valves
C. Pressure vessels
D. Building structures

86. According to API RP 580, what B

is risk?
A. An event driven mechanism
B. A combination of the proba-

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bility of some event occurring
during a time period of
interest
and the consequences associ-

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ated with the event
C.The certainty of an event
and the consequence
D. The evaluation of an event
to compare the POF with like-
lihood
87. Equipment reliability pro- B
grams can provide which of the
following?
A. Input to the consequence
analysis portion of a RBI
pro- gram
B. Input to the probability
analysis portion of the RBI
pro- gram
C. Input to the recovery
portion of the PHA program
D. Input to the operating para-
meters of adjacent equipment
88. Codes and standards such as B
API-510, 570, and 653
evolved to an inspection
philosophy with elements
such as those listed below
except which of the
following?
A. Inspection interval based
on some percentage of
equipment life
B. Inspection interval based
on manufacturer's proof tests
C. On-stream in lieu of
internal inspection based on
low dete- rioration rates
D. Consequence based
inspec- tion intervals
89. B

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The ultimate goal of
inspection
is what purpose?
A. To promote better relation-
ships with the surrounding
communities
B. Safety and reliability of op-
erating facilities
C. To provide gainful employ-
ment for inspection personnel
D. To determine which operat-
ing method is most economi-
cal
90. The purpose of establish- D
ing operational boundaries is
which of the following?
A. To identify minor process
parameters that will have little
impact on deterioration
B. To identify who is responsi-
ble for operational up-sets
C. To identify areas in the op-
erating unit that can be
operat-
ed outside the boundary limits
with no impact on safety
D.To identify key process
para-
meters that may impact deteri-
oration

91. An evaluation of damage B

mechanisms and failure mode
analysis should result in
which
of the following?
A. List of credible damage
mechanisms, rates and a rank-
ing of failure modes.
B. list of credible dam-
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age mechanisms and damage
modes resulting from the
dam-

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age mechanisms.
C. List of credible damage
mechanisms and a COF
D. Tabulation of credible dam-
age mechanisms and pro-
posed mitigation.

92. In an RBI analysis, reliable C

data
has a relation to which of the
following?
A. The planned cost of the mit-
igating inspection plan.
B. Which of the analysis' ap-
proaches to use
C. The relative accuracy of the
RBI analysis
D. The type of personnel in-
volved in the analysis

93. When evaluating sources of C

site-specific data, the RBI
analysis can pull data from
oth-
er established resources. The
reason for this is which of the
following?
A. Data is going to be
managed
B. Data should come from the
same source for consistency
C. The same SME's supply the
data for all initiatives
D. Much of the data overlaps

94. The RBI assessment may rec- D

ognize risks that may be man-
aged by actions other than in-
spection. Some of these ac-
tions may include all but

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which
of the following?
A. Chemical treatment of the

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process to reduce deteriora-
tion rates
B. Change metallurgy of com-
ponents to reduce POF
C. Upgrade safety, detection,
or
loss limiting systems
D. Positive identification of the
COF

95. When directing a facilities A

screening, RBI is typically
con-
ducted on what level?
A. The entire refinery or plant
B. A single component within
a
single piece of equipment
C. Multiple pieces of equip-
ment
D. A single unit

96. Process unit screening may C

assign priorities based on
each of the following except
which one?
A. Relative risk of the process
units
B. Relative economic impact
of
the process unit
C. Relative population density
D. Turnaround schedule

97. When establishing physical C

boundaries of an RBI assess-
ment, equipment item screen-
ing is often conducted to do
which of the following?
A. Identify lower risk items
B. Identify equipment with crit-
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ical life
C. Identify higher risk items

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D. Identify items that are near-
ing half-life, and therefore in
need of inspection
98. Can utility systems be includ- B
ed in and RBI assessment?
A. No, because this is covered
by PSM
B. Yes, because the RBI as-
sessment is being done for an
overall optimization.
C. No, because this is a
specif-
ic reliability problem associat-
ed with corrosion and fouling
D. Yes, because they typical-
ly require no inspection re-
sources and do not impact the
RBI results.

99. The unit run length of the A

process unit or pieces of
equipment is an significant
limit to consider for what rea-
son?
A. The RBI assessment may
include the entire operational
life
B. Inspection frequency may
be time based rather than risk
based.
C. The RBI assessment time
period is limited by the API
standards 510, 570, & 653
D. The unit run length has no
bearing on an RBI assessment

100. Which of the following in- C

fluences the uncertainty of
risk associated with pressure
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equipment primarily by im-
proving information of the
deterioration state and pre-
dictability of the POF?
A. System operating records
B. Comparison with
equipment is similar service
C. Inspection
D. Published data
101. Inspection is a risk manage- C
ment activity that does which
of the following?
A. May lead to higher costs in
managing the risk
B. May lead to unnecessary
downtime due to additional
in- spection time
C. May lead to risk reduction
D. May lead to decreased per-
sonnel requirement
102. The level of the unmitigated B
risk should be used to evaluate
which of the following?
A.The cost of repair versus
run to destruction
B. The criticality of
performing the inspection
C. The number of inspectors
to assign to the inspection
activi- ty
D. The amount of leakage per-
mitted by jurisdictional author-
ities

103. Examples where inspection A

may not be appropriate to man-
age risks to accepted levels in-

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clude all but which of the fol-
lowing?
A. New equipment
B. Equipment nearing retire-
ment
C. Consequence-dominated
risks
D. Failure mechanisms where
avoidance of failure primarily
depends on operating within
a define pressure/temperature
envelope
104. Facilities End of Life strategies
D focus on which one of the fol-
lowing?
A. on eliminating all
inspection activity on the
equipment
B. on eliminating maintenance
activity on the equipment
C. Keeping the
equipment in-service.
D. Inspection efforts on high
risk areas
105. End of life inspection RBI C
strategies may be developed
with fitness for service assess-
ment of damaged components
using which of the following?
A. API RP - 582
B. The users process
safety management
program
C. API RP-579
D. API RP -578

106. Typically, a Risk Based assess-

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A ment is done on which of the
following?

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A. On multiple pieces of
equip- ment
B. On a single component
C. Annually
D. One-half the remaining
life but not to exceed ten
years
107. API RP 580 is targeted at the C
application of RBI in which of
the following?
A. Pulp/paper industry and
chemical process
industries.
B. Facilities covered by OSHA
with toxic or hazardous
materi- als.
C. Hydrocarbon and
chemical process industry .
D. Hydrocarbon and power
util- ity industry.
108. Which of the following is A
the main product of the RBI
assessment and management
approach?
A. Plans that address ways to
manage risks on an
equipment level .
B. Plans that identify risk
through risk management
ac- tivities.
C. Plans that mitigate risk
only through inspection
efforts.
D. Plans to determine risk ac-
ceptance and risk analysis.
109. Concentrating on a smaller set B
of data should produce which
of the following?
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A. Inaccurate information

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B. More accurate information
C. Identification of damage
mechanisms.
D. No appreciable effect on
the Risk Based Inspection
pro- gram.
110. RBI is based on proven risk B
assessment and management
principles however it will not
compensate for which one of
the following except......?
A. Lack of sound
engineering or operational
judgment.
B. Not purchasing critical
path equipment .
C. Inaccurate or missing
infor- mation.
D. Lack of qualified
personnel or teamwork.
111. Utilization of RBI provides a C
method for constantly improv-
ing the inspection of facilities
and reducing the risk associat-
ed with which of the following?
A. Operational upsets.
B. Improper repair activity.
c. Pressure boundary failures
D. Severe consequences.
112. Identification of the credible A
damage mechanism and fail-
ure modes for all equipment in-
cluded in an RBI study is es-
sential for which of the follow
reason?
A. To insure the quality and ef-
fectiveness of the risk analy-

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sis
B. To determine the SME's that
should be present for the
study
C. To insure that appropriate
NDE techniques have been
uti- lized in the past
D. To adopt a philosophy
of COF
113. With an initial investment in A
inspection activities which of
the following will be accom-
plished?
A. Risk generally is
significant- ly reduced
B. Risk generally will not be
reduced just allocated a
lower factor
C. Risk generally will be elimi-
nated
D. Risk generally will have
no impact should failure
occur
114. For all intents and purposes, a A
Quantitative Risk Assessment
(QRA) is best described as
which of the following?
A. A traditional risk analysis
B. Not applicable to the hydro-
carbon and chemical process
industry
C. Derived from both the
qual- itative and quantitative
ap- proaches
D. Best described as a non-
tra- ditional risk analysis
115. General thinning from corro- D
sion generally leads to what
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type of failure? (Challenge
Question)
A. Small Hole
B. Crack
C. Brittle Fracture
D. Larger leaks or rupture
116. The purpose of establish- D
ing operational boundaries is
which of the following?
A. To identify minor process
parameters that will have
little impact on deterioration
B. To identify who is responsi-
ble for operational up-sets
C. To identify areas in the op-
erating unit that can be
operat- ed outside the
boundary limits with no
impact on safety.
D.To identify key process
para- meters that may impact
deteri- oration
117. The POF is calculated with two
A considerations. Which of the
two are they?
A. Deterioration
mechanisms and
Effectiveness of inspec- tion
program to identify the
mechanism
B. The effectiveness of the in-
spection program to identify
the deterioration mechanism,
and the corrosion engineer's
ability to determine where the
corrosion will occur
C. The effectiveness of the
equipment used to detect the
corrosion , and the rate of
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de-

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terioration or susceptibility
D. Equipment type and the
credible deterioration
mecha- nism(s)
118. When determining the deterio- A
ration susceptibility and rate,
the best data will be derived
from which of the following?
A. Operating experiences
where conditions could realis-
tically be expected to occur in
the equipment under
consider- ation
B. Previous Inspection Data
C. Experience with similar
equipment
D. Published Data
119. Process Hazard Analysis risk A
assessments focus on the
process unit design and oper-
ating practices and their ad-
equacy of the unit's current
and anticipated operating
con- ditions. RBI compliments
the PHA by which of the
following?
A. Focusing on the
mechanical integrity related
damage mech- anisms and
risk management through
inspection
B. Focusing on the internal
training programs of the RBI
inspectors and their supervi-
sors
C. Focusing on the design pa-
rameters to ensure the equip-
ment is adequate for the se-
lected process
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D. Focusing on the availabili-
ty of replacement parts or in-
stalled back up equipment
120. When assessing POF and B
defining frequency. How is fre-
quency normally expressed?
A. Probability
B. Events per year
C. Duration
D. Susceptibility
121. RBI is not exclusively an in- C
spection activity and requires
the involvement of various
segments of the organization
such as engineering, mainte-
nance, and which of the follow-
ing?
A. The jurisdiction where the
pressure equipment is in-
stalled
B. The senior vice president of
the owner company
C. Operations
D. The American Petroleum
In- stitute
122. A concept of minimization D
that postulates that attributes
(such as risk) can only be re-
duced to a certain minimum
under current technology and
with reasonable cost. Is a de-
finition of which of the follow-
ing?
A. Deterioration
B. Failure mode
C. Mitigation

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D. ALARP (As Low As
Reason- ably Practical )
123. Damage tolerance is defined B
as which of the following?
A. Termination of the ability of
a system, structure, or com-
ponent to perform its required
function of containment of
flu- id
B. The amount of deterioration
that a component can with-
stand without failure
C. A decision to accept a risk
D. An analytical tool that orga-
nizes and characterizes
poten- tial accidents in a
logical and graphical manner
124. Established limits for process C
variables that can affect the
integrity of the equipment if
the process operation devi-
ates from the established lim-
its for a predetermined amount
of time is also known as which
of the following?
A. Best operating practices
(BOP)
B. General operating practices
(GOP)
C. Integrity operating
window (lOW )
D. Engineering standard
oper- ations (ESO)
125. One approach of a quantitative
A probability analysis is to take
a probabilistic approach. In this

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approach:
A. Specific failure data is used
to calculate a probability of
failure
B. General failure data is used
to calculate a probability of
failure
C. Relative failure data is used
to calculate a probability of
failure
D. Generic failure data is used
to calculate a probability of
failure
126. Performing a RBI assessment A
can establish the susceptibility
of equipment to deterioration
such as all of the following but
one. Which one is not true?
A. Improper operation
B. Fatigue
C. Corrosion
D. Cracking
127. A risk assessment and man- D
agement process that is fo-
cused on loss of containment
of pressurized equipment in
processing facilities, due to
material deterioration is a de-
finition of which of the follow-
ing?
A. Risk management
B. Event tree
C. Risk mitigation
D. Risk based inspection
128. Risk reduction is defined as A
which of the following?

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A. The act of mitigating a data input?
known risk to an A. All data is averaged and
acceptable level of risk
B. A process of selecting
and implementing measures
to modify a risk
C. A decision not to become
in- volved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation
D. A process to assign
values to the probability and
conse- quence of a risk

129. API-580 damage mechanisms

include which of the
following:
A. Corrosion, Cracking,
me- chanical and
metallurgical damage.
B. Erosion, cracking,
mechani- cal and
metallurgical damage,
C. Fatigue, corrosion,
cracking and Erosion
D. Creep, corrosion,
cracking and fatigue

130. Which of the following was

giv- en as an example of a
failure mode?
A. Brittle fracture
B. Internal corrosion
C. Pitting
D. Metallurgical changes

131. Regardless of what RBI ap-

proach is used, what two
items are beneficial to the
accuracy and quality of an
RBI analysis regarding the
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...A

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standardized.
B. Input data is current,
and validated by
knowledgeable persons
C. All data is validated and
at- tained by credible people.
D. Sensitivity analysis has
been run on data, and bad
data removed.
132. Which of the following would C
be the best example of setting
a priority for RBI process
units screening?
A. Equipment size and type.
B. Location of battery limits of
units.
C. Turnaround schedule.
D. RBI team member
availabili- ty.
133. In addition to the amount of D
equipment items included in
the RBI analysis, which of the
following best describes why
the resources and time re-
quired to implement an RBI
as- sessment will depend on?
A. Ease of use of the RBI soft-
ware.
B. Turnaround schedule for
the assessed unit.
C. Risk of the assessed unit.
D. Availability and quality of
necessary data and
informa- tion.
134. When calculating the POF, A
what is needed for each deteri-

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oration type and failure mode?
A. Expected deterioration
mechanism, rate or
suscepti- bility, inspection
data and ef- fectiveness
B. Expected deterioration rate
or susceptibility, inspection
data and effectiveness
C. Expected deterioration rate
or susceptibility, inspection
data /effectiveness and risk
level
D. Expected deterioration rate
or susceptibility, inspection
data / effectiveness, asso-
ciated
inspection/maintenance costs
135. A risk based inspection pro- D
gram will be managed by:
A. Professional Engineer (PE)
B. Plant Inspectors and
the software being utilized.
C. Management and
process safety personnel
D. Plant inspectors and
inspec- tion engineers
136. The accuracy of the results C
from a "qualitative" analysis
relies on which of the follow-
ing?
A. The accuracy of all
collected data
B. The use of logic models
C. The background and
exper- tise of the analysts
D. Environmental and
atmos- pheric
considerations

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137. If several inspections have A

been completed on an equip-
ment item, which may be best
reflect current operating con-
ditions?
A. The most recent
B. Short term corrosion rate.
C. Long term corrosion rate.
D. Experience with similar
equipment
138. Understanding the damage b
mechanism is important for
which of the following?
A. Analysis of the COF
B. Analysis of the POF
C. Ability to make decisions
that can eliminate or reduce
the consequence.
D. Analysis of the
reassess- ment type
139. The probability and conse- B
quence analysis should be
worked interactively. This is
because the failure mode pri-
marily affects:
A. Deterioration tolerance
B.The magnitude of the conse-
quences
C. The likelihood of failure.
D. The magnitude of the
overall risk
140. Quantitative risk analysis uses
C what type of model to depict
combinations of events that
could result in severe acci-
dents.

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A. Logical models
B. Conscious Models
C. Logic models
D. Physical models
141. When determining the POF, C
there are several sources for
determining the amount of de-
terioration. Which of the follow-
ing is the best source?
A. Published data
B. Laboratory testing
C. Actual operating experience
D. Expert opinion
142. Failure mode primarily affects A
which of the following?
A. Magnitude of
conse- quences
B. Duration of consequence
C. Consequence of failure
D. Susceptibility to damage.
143. The ability to state the rate D
of deterioration in specific
process equipment is often not
known with confidence. Which
of the following would not be a
reason for this?
A. due to the inspector's
exper- tise
B. due to the deterioration
mechanism
C. due to imitations of inspec-
tion and test methods
D. due to the damage
tolerance of the equipment
144. When conducting a Quantitate B
review, there are several ap-

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proaches for data used to cal-
culate the POF. Which of the
following is correct?
A. All data is evaluated
and scrubbed.
B. Probabilistic and /or
Indus- try, company or
manufacturer failure data can
be used.
C. In-situ testing or in-service
monitoring should be consid-
ered as a mitigation.
D. All historic data should be
considered, even if there was
a change in service.
145. General thinning from corro- D
sion generally leads to what
type of failure?
A. Small hole
B. Crack
C. Brittle fracture
D. Larger leaks or rupture
146. In general, which of the follow-
A ing would most likely manage
the consequence side of the
risk equation?
A. Management and
process safety personnel
B. Plant inspectors and
inspec- tion engineers
C. The Dow Fire and
Explosion Index.
D. The owner/user's
insurance company
147. API-580 lists several units D
of measure in consequence
analysis. Which of the follow-

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ing is not one of those units of
measure listed?
A. Safety
B. Environmental damage
C. Cost
D. Damage mechanism
148. In a consequence evaluation, a
C important part in determining
the extent of the consequence
is which of the following?
A. Time of the consequence
event
B. Detailed cost assessment
C. The volume of fluid released
D. Number and types of
inspec- tions
149. With regard to environmen- C
tal consequences, the RBI
program typically focuses on
which of the following?
A. Past environmental risks
B. Chronic risks from low-
level emissions
C. Acute and immediate envi-
ronmental risks
D. Operating personnel
re- sponsible for the
release
150. When assessing the conse- D
quence of failure, RBI is main-
ly concerned with loss of
containment failures. However,
other functional failures could
be included. Which of the fol-
lowing would not be included?
A. Failure of Internal compo-
nents of pressure containing

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equipment
B. Heat exchanger tube failure
C. Pressure relief device failure
D. Plant wide power failure.
151. Flammable events occur when B
both a leak and ignition occurs.
Flammable events can cause
damage in which of the follow-
ing two ways?
A. Oxygen depletion and ther-
mal radiation
B. Thermal radiation and
blast overpressure
C. Boiling liquid expanding
va- por explosion (BLEVE)
and blast overpressure
D. Arc radiation and blast
over- pressure
152. This is commonly used as an A
indicator of potential conse-
quences:
A. Costs
B. Risk
C. Probability (likelihood)
D. Extent to which an event
is likely to occur within the
time frame under
consideration

153. The costs of environmental D

consequences are defined as
which of the following?
A. Environmental Cost =
Cost of Cleanup + fines -
safety re- lated fines.
B. Environmental Cost = Cost
of cleanup + fines x other

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costs
C. Environmental Cost = Cost

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of fluid replacement + fines +
other Costs
D. Environmental Cost =
Cost of cleanup + fines +
other Costs
154. Which of the following is not a D
category of fire and explosion
events?
A. Vapor cloud explosion
B. Pool fire
C. Boiling liquid expanding
va- por explosion (BLEVE)
D. Class B electrical fire
155. The main production conse- A
quences for RBI are which of
the following?
A. Financial
B. The environmental impact
to the surrounding area
C. The number of
employees that must be
laid-off
D.The increase in deterioration
rates due to the consequence
156. In RBI, environmental conse- B
quences typically focus on
what type of risks?
A. Only those that affect
per- sonnel
B. Acute and immediate rather
than chronic
C. Only those that are
"re- portable"
D. Dynamic and sustained
157. Toxic release consequence is D
typically including all of the
following but one. Which one

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does not belong?
A. Population in the vicinity
of the release
B. Volume of fluid released
and toxicity
C. Ability to disperse under
typical process and environ-
mental conditions
D. The replacement cost of the
toxic fluid
158. Flammable events - Most of C
the damage from a flammable
event is caused by:
A. Blast overpressure
B. Thermal Radiation
C. Thermal radiation &
blast overpressure
D. Thermal overpressure
159. Releases of other hazardous B
fluids, other than toxic, are of
most concern in risk based
inspection assessments when
they affect which of the follow-
ing?
A. The corporation's bottom
line
B. Personnel
C. Only the environment
D. Process equipment
160. Production (Business Interrup-
B tion) consequences are mea-
sured in what terms of mea-
sure?
A. Loss of reputation
B. Financial

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C. Loss of client base
D. Loss of supplier base
161. Failure mode primarily affects A
which of the following?
A.The magnitude of the conse-
quences
B. The magnitude of the repair
costs
C. The magnitude of the cost
of replacement equipment
D. The magnitude of opera-
tional changes
162. In a consequence analysis, the
D maintenance and reconstruc-
tion impact is generally mea-
sured in monetary terms. It
typically includes repairs and
.
A. Equipment
preventative maintenance
cost
B. Logistics
C. Loss of production
D. Equipment replacement
163. Assumptions or estimates of C
input data can be utilized in
which of the following man-
ners?
A. Should never be made as
exact data is required for risk
management decisions
B. Should only be made by a
third party engineering
compa- ny
C. Are often used when con-
sequence and/or probability
of failure data are not known

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D. Are rarely used when con-
sequence and/or probability
of failure data are not known
164. In most consequence evalua- A
tions, a key element in deter-
mining the magnitude of con-
sequence is:
A. The volume of fluid released
B. Leak rate
C. Detection and isolation time
D. The failure mode
165. A risk matrix is one method C
of communicating the distribu-
tion of risks throughout a plant
or process unit. When more
quantitative consequence and
probability data are being
used; which of the following
would provide more meaning-
ful information?
A. As-built drawing
B. Isometric drawing
C. Risk plot
D. P&ID.
166. Toxic consequences are typi- A
cally not derived from which of
the following?
A. Thermal radiation
B. Population in the vicinity
of the release
C. Detection and mitigation
systems
D. Volume of fluid releases
and toxicity
167. Inspection programs vary in D
their effectiveness for locating

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and sizing deterioration and
thus fit which of the following
descriptions?
A. Are very ineffective in de-
termining deterioration mech-
anisms
B. Do not rely on extensive
use of nondestructive
examination techniques
C. Provide little or no informa-
tion pertaining to
deterioration mechanisms
D. Vary in their ability to de-
termine deterioration mecha-
nisms
168. When calculating the Risk of A
a Fire, the consequence of
that fire has been assessed at
$1,000,000, while the Probabil-
ity of fire has been determined
to be 0.0001 per year, what is
the resulting Risk of Fire?
$100/year
$200/year
$300/year
$500/year
169. The consequence of environ- D
mental damage is best under-
stood by cost. Cost is deter-
mined by:
A. Fines
B. Method of clean-up
C. Cost for cleanup
D. All the above
170. Using the formula ""Risk of a C
specific consequence= (Prob-

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ability of a Specific Conse-
quence) X (Specific Conse-
quence)"" it is possible to cal-
culate the risk for each spe-
cific consequence. Regarding
this statement, which of the
fol- lowing is a true
statement?
A. The total risk is the sum of
the minor risks for each
specif- ic consequence.
B. This formula cannot be
used to determine total risk
C. The total risk is the sum of
the individual risks for each
specific consequence
D. The total risk is the sum of
the individual risks plus
prob- ability of fire for each
specific consequence
171. Toxic releases in RBI are ad- B
dressed under what circum-
stances?
A. Only discussed & docu-
mented within the
company
B. Are only addressed
when they affect personnel
C. Only discussed when
OSHA investigates
D. Evaluated when they are
a reportable quantity
172. By focusing on risks and their C
mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. Understanding of how
equipment is designed to op-
erate within the established
IOW's
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B. Improved relationship be-
tween inspection techniques
and the damage mechanisms
C. A better linkage between
the mechanisms that lead to
equipment failures and the in-
spection approaches that will
effectively reduce the associ-
ated risks
D. A better linkage between
the mechanisms lead to
equip- ment failures and the
code re- pairs designed to
reduce fail- ure
173. For risks considered unac- C
ceptable, there are various
mitigation categories. Which
of the following is not one
of those categories listed in
API-580?
A. Probability mitigation
B. Decommission
C. Assessment mitigation
by utilizing Risk Acceptance
D. Inspection/condition moni-
toring
174. The probability of credible D
events leading up to the specif-
ic consequence ........
A. Identifies the active and
credible deterioration
mecha- nisms
B. Must be added to the dete-
rioration mechanism and then
factored into the probability
of the specific consequences
oc- curring

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C. Should be discounted
since they were previously
assessed during the RBI
D. Should be factored into the
probability of the specific
con- sequence occurring
175. With regard to environmen- C
tal consequences, the RBI
program typically focuses on
which of the following?
A. Past environmental risks
B. Chronic risks from low-
level emissions
C. Acute and immediate envi-
ronmental risks
D. Failure of the pressure
relief system
176. Plant Inspectors or Inspec- D
tion Engineers normally man-
age risk by managing the POF
with inspection and mainte-
nance. Who has the ability to
adjust the COF?
A. Process Safety Manager
B. Plant inspectors and
Inspec- tion Engineers
C. Management
D. Management, and
process safety personnel
177. Part of using risk assessment D
in inspection and maintenance
planning of equipment is all
of the following except which
one??
A. Determining what to inspect
B. Determining where to in-

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spect
C. Determining how to inspect
D. Determining who should in-
spect
178. What is a source for more infor- A
mation on risk acceptance?
A. A Comparison of Criteria
for Acceptance of Risk
B. Dow Fire and Explosion
Risk Index
C. EPA Risk Management Plan
(RMP) Regulations
D. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.110,
Cri- teria for Acceptance of
Risk
179. In a consequence study, the D
maintenance and reconstruc-
tion impact is generally mea-
sured in financial terms. It typ-
ically includes repairs and:
A. Production changes
B. Equipment upgrades
C. Loss of production
D. Equipment replacement
180. Once a sensitivity study is B
completed, the user has which
of the following opportunities?
A. See which variables signifi-
cantly influence plant
through- put
B. See which variables
signifi- cantly influence the
risk value
C. See which equipment can
be eliminated as being
insignifi- cant to the process
D. See the rate of deterioration
and susceptibility
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181. Flammable events occur A
when what two actions occur?
2014 MM
A. Leak and ignition
B. Source and failure mode
ex- ist
C. Ignition and damage
mecha- nism(s) occur.
D. Thermal effects
combine with a source

182. As the severity of the inci- D

dent increases, what is the
cor- responding likelihood of It is important to understand this linkage
the probability? between the POF and the probability of
A. Increase possible resulting incidents. The
B. Remain constant probability of a specific consequence is
C. Remains proportional tied to the severity of the consequence
D. Decrease and may differ considerably from the
probability of the equipment failure itself.
Probabilities of incidents generally de-
crease with the severity of the incident.
For example, the probability of an event
resulting in a fatality will generally be less
than the probability that the event will
result in a first aid or medical treatment
injury. It is important to understand this
relationship.

183. Materials that can cause burns

C include steam, hot water,
acids and caustics. These are a
con- cern, and RBI classifies
them
as what type of Consequence
of Failure?
A. Toxic release
B. Thermal release
C. Hazardous fluids
D. Environmental
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184. The general formula for the B
probability of fire would be
which of the following? 2014
MM
A. Probability of fire = Conse-
quence of Ignition X
Probabili- ty of ignition
B. Probability of Fire = (POF)
X (likelihood of Ignition)
C. Probability of Fire=
(Proba- bility of ignition) X
(COF)
D. Probability of Fire = (POF)
X (Failure mode)
185. The consequence effects for D
loss of containment are gener-
ally considered to be in some
specific categories. Which of
the following is not one of the
categories generally evaluat-
ed?
A. Environmental Impact
B. Production Loss
C. Safety and Health Impact
D. Unit Value
186. In determining the Probabili- C
ty of a Specific Consequence,
there will be other conse-
quences that should be ad-
dressed. Which of the follow-
ing is a true statement? 2014
MM
A. Unit inspector's judgment
should be used to eliminate
non-credible failures
B. The mean average data
should be used to eliminate
non-credible failures

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C. Engineering judgment and
experience should be used
to eliminate trivial cases
D. The POF should be used to
eliminate non-credible
failures
187. The consequence effects for C
loss of containment can
usual- ly be considered to be
in sever- al categories. Which
of the fol- lowing is not
considered as a typical
category? 2014 MM
A. Safety and health impact
B. Production losses
C. Inspection and RBI re-
assessment costs
D. Maintenance and recon-
struction costs
188. The following is a tool used B
by companies, and regulatory
authorities as one method in
determining risk acceptance.
2014 MM
A. Risk criteria
B. Cost benefit analysis
C. Risk evaluation
D. Cost ratio comparison
189. There are several units of mea- D
sure in consequence analy-
sis. Which of the following
is not one of those units as
de- scribed by RBI?
A. Health and safety
B. Affected area
C. Environmental damage
D. Alternate allocations of op-
erating expenses
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190. "Risk based inspection is ex- period of interest
pressed as which of the
follow- ing?
A. A tool to provide an
analysis of the risk of loss of
contain- ment of equipment
B. A tool to provide an
analysis of the cost of
replacement of equipment
C. A tool to provide an
analysis for the length of time
a turn- around will take
D. A tool to provide an
analysis for the most cost
effective op- erating
parameters

191. Which of the following is a

typical method of estimating
downtime after a fire or
explo- sion?
A. Factory Mutual (FM) Fire
and Explosion Index
B. Dow Fire and Explosion
In- dex
C. NFPA Fire and Explosion
In- dex
D. API Recommended Practice
- 579

192. According to API RP 580,

what is risk?
A. The probability of some
haz- ard occurring during a
gener- al time period and the
conse- quences associated
with the event.
B. A combination of the
proba- bility of some event
occurring during a time
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A

The unit daily value could be on a

rev- enue or profit basis. The
downtime esti- mate would
represent the time required to get
back into production. The Dow Fire
and Explosion Index is a typical
method of estimating downtime after
a fireor explo- sion.

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and the consequences associ-
ated with the event .
C. The certainty of an event
happening and the conse-
quences of the event on
the surrounding
environment.
D.The acceptability of an event
impacting a specific percent-
age of personnel, equipment,
or the environment which has
been determined as collateral
damage.
193. Risk reduction is defined as A.
which of the following?
A. The act of mitigating a
known risk to an
acceptable level of risk .
B. A process of selecting
and implementing measures to
modify a risk.
C. A decision not to become
in- volved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation.
D. A process to assign
values to the probability and
conse- quence of a risk.
194. Codes and standards such as B
API-510, 570, and 653 evolved
to an inspection philosophy
with elements such as those
listed below except which of
the following?
A. Inspection interval based
on some percentage of
equipment life...
B. Inspection interval based
on manufacturer's proof tests
.
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C. On-stream in lieu of
internal inspection based on
low dete- rioration rates
D. Consequence based
inspec- tion intervals
195. By focusing on risks and their C
mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. An understanding of how
equipment is designed and
the associated risk.
B. Better utilization of operat-
ing and inspection personnel
on at risk equipment items.
C. A better association be-
tween the mechanisms that
lead to equipment failures and
the inspection approaches
that will reduce risk .
D. A better linkage between
the mechanisms lead to
equip- ment failures and the
correct repair approaches
that will ef- fectively return
the equipment to service.
196. When calculating the Risk of A
a Fire, the consequence of
that fire has been assessed at
$2,000,000, while the Probabil-
ity of fire has been determined
to be 0.00002 per year, what is
the resulting Risk of Fire?
A. $40/year
B. $20/year
C. $200/year
D. $400/year

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197. When determining a dominant D
probability / consequence
pair, it is not always necessary
to in- clude every credible
scenario in the analysis. With
this in mind, this makes which
one of the following
statements true?
A. Certain cases can be ig-
nored if they are not related
to the environment
B. Certain cases can be ig-
nored if the Safety manager
agrees
C. Certain cases can be ig-
nored if the Safety manager
agrees
D. Engineering judgment and
experience should be used
to eliminate trivial cases
198. The probability of credible D
events leading up to the specif-
ic consequence is expressed
as which of the following?
A. Should define the active
and credible deterioration
mecha- nisms
B. Should be factored into the
probability of a general
conse- quence occurring
C. Should be discounted
since they were previously
assessed during the RBI
D. Should be factored into the
probability of the specific
con- sequence occurring
199. If the probability and conse- D
quence (risk) is high enough to

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be unacceptable then which of
the following is true?
A. That process must be
imme- diately shut down
B. The entire facility must
be evacuated
C. Management
personnel must be
replaced
D. Mitigation action is recom-
mended
200. In risk determination, assess- A
ment and management, is it
true that risk acceptance may
vary for different risks?
A. Yes
B. Yes, but it must comply
with OSHA standards
C. No, never
D. No, but API 580 is
currently evaluating this
decision
201. The volume of fluid released is
A typically derived form a com-
bination of all of the following
except which one?
A. Best guess by experienced
and trained operating
personel
B. Volume of fluid available
for release
C. Failure mode
D. Leak rate
202. The accuracy of the results C
from a ""qualitative"" analysis
is dependent on which of the
following?
A. The accuracy of all
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B. The use of logic models
C. The background and
exper- tise of the analysts
D. Environmental costs
203. RBI is focused on a systematic
B determination of which of the
following?
A. Total facility operating costs
B. Relative risks
C. Absolute risk
D. Average risk factors
204. Of all the Units of measure in A
a consequence analysis, which
is the least developed among
those currently used for RBI?
A. Environmental damage
B. Affected area
C. Cost
D. Safety
205. A probability of failure can be C
determined, for each deteriora-
tion type and failure mode, by
combining all but which of the
following?
A.The expected damage
mech- anism
B. Inspection data and inspec-
tion effectiveness
C. All the operating data from
a similar process system
D. Rate or susceptibility
206. "A simple method for estimat- C
ing the business interruption
consequence uses which of
the following formulas?
"

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A. Business Interruption=
Process Unit Construction
Val- ue • Downtime (years)
B. Business Interruption=
Process Unit Annual Value
• Downtime (days)
C. Business Interruption=
Process Unit Daily Value
• Downtime (days )
D. Business Interruption
207. What is the purpose of a Sensi- C
tivity Analysis?
A. To determine what the envi-
ronmental impact could be
B. To determine what environ-
mental safeguards are in
place
C. To determine what in-
put variables deserve
clos-
er scrutiny versus others that
may not have significant ef-
fects
D. To determine the attitude of
local "affected population" to
any degree of environmental
impact
208. Risk reduction is defined as A
which of the following?
A. Actions taken to lessen the
probability of a particular risk.
B. A process of selecting
and implementing measures to
modify a risk
C. A decision not to become
in- volved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation
D. A process to assign values

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to the probability and conse-
quence of a risk
209. Activity with a potential for B
consequence. In a safety area,
this is called a hazard.
A. Risk Identification
B. Source
C. Risk driver
D. Consequence
210. A concept of minimization that
C postulates that attributes
such as risk can only be
reduced to
a certain minimum under cur-
rent technology and with rea-
sonable cost.
A. Below the ISO-risk line
B. Above the ISO-risk line
C. As low as Reasonably
Prac- tical (ALARP)
D. As low as Possible with
Cur- rent Technology
(AlAPCT)
211. RBI can be used to optimize B
inspection costs that directly
affect life cycle. Which of the
following is not an example of
how RBI can assist in lowering
overall life cycle costs through
various cost benefit assess-
ments
A. RBI should enhance the
pre- diction of failures caused
by deterioration mechanisms
B. RBI is fundamentally
based on the ability to have
team based decisions
C. RBI can accurately identify
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where to inspect and what re-
pairs / replacements to
expect & T/A work
D. RBI can access the effects
of changing to a more
aggressive fluid
212. Inspection services identify, C
monitor and measure the dam-
age mechanisms. Inspection
also provides which of the fol-
lowing?
A. A better understanding
into the COF
B. Input in the prediction of
when the deterioration will
reach a critical point
C. The resources to
document corrosion rates
D. An understanding of where
and when corrosion will
occur
213. The quantitative consequence C
analysis involves using a logic
model depicting combinations
of events to represent the ef-
fects of failure on all of the fol-
lowing except which one?
A. The environment
B. Property
C. Toxic release
D. People
214. Risk reduction is defined as C
which of the following?
A. As low as regulations permit
B. As long as risk is possible
C. As low as reasonably
practi- cal

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D. American legal assistance
risk prevention
215. The consequence analysis in a
B risk based inspection
program is performed for which
of the following reasons?
A. To define equipment that
can be grouped for
analysis
B. To provide discrimination
between equipment items on
the basis of the significance
of potential failure
C. To provide similarities be-
tween equipment items to
min- imize the significance of
po- tential failure
D. To provide extensive
history for future
reassessment
216. In general, a risk based inspec-
D tion program will be managed
by:
A. Professional Engineer (PE)
B. Plant Inspectors and
Opera- tions engineers
C. Management and
process safety personnel
D. Plant inspectors and
inspec- tion engineers
217. The ultimate goal of inspection D
is what purpose?
A. To provide an
inspection plan
B. Safety and reliability of
op- erating equipment
C. To identify inspection meth-
ods and techniques
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D. Safety and reliability of
oper- ating facilities
218. With an initial investment in A
inspection activities which of
the following will be accom-
plished?
A. Risk generally is
significant- ly induced.
B. Risk generally will not be
re- duced
C. Risk generally will be
slight- ly lowered
D. Risk generally is
significant- ly reduced
219. The consequence effects for B
loss of containment are gen-
erally considered to be in all
of the following categories ex-
cept:
A. Safety and Health impact
B. Modes of deterioration
C. Environmental impact
D. Production losses
220. Determination of inspection ef- B
fectiveness should consider
all but which of the following?
A. Equipment type
B. Risk tolerance of the equip-
ment
C. Accessibility to
expected deterioration
areas
D. Rate of deterioration and
susceptibility
221. The choice of RBI assessment D
is dependent on all of the fol-
lowing except which of the fol-

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lowing?
A. Complexity of facilities
and processes
B. Available resources
C. Objective of the study
D. Jurisdictional requirements
222. Enhancing the survivability of C
a facility to the consequence is
best described as?
A. Risk tolerance
B. Risk identification
C. A mitigation activity that
does not involve inspection
D. The goal of industry stan-
dards
223. One of the most important A
aspects of managing risk
through RBI is which of the fol-
lowing?
A. Development and use of
mit- igation strategies
B. Acquiring qualified
person- nel for the RBI
assessment.
C. Insuring the quality of all
data
D. Adequately imputing all
data into the RBI computer
program
224. RBI is a Team Approach. Who D
on the team is responsible for
assessing the effectiveness of
past inspections?
A. The Team Leader
B. The Equipment Inspector or
Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist

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D.The Inspector/Specialist and
Corrosion Specialist
225. RBI is a Team Approach. Who C
on the team is responsi-
ble for providing
recommenda- tions on
methods of mitigating the
POF (such as coatings/lin-
ings, etc.)?
A. The Team leader
B. The Equipment Inspector or
Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D.The inspector/Specialist and
Corrosion Specialist
226. What team member should C
preferably be a stakeholder
in the facility/equipment being
analyzed in the RBI assess-
ment?
A. Corrosion Specialist
B. Equipment Inspector or In-
spection Specialist
C. Team Leader
D. Process Specialist
227. Focusing on a smaller set of B
data should result in which of
the following?
A. Inaccurate information
B. More accurate information
C. Increased number of
fail- ures
D. No appreciable effect on
the Risk Based Inspection
pro- gram
228. What RBI team member is re- B
sponsible for providing data
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on the occurrences when the
process deviated from the
lim- its of the process
operating en- velope (IOW)?
A. Systems Control Engineer
B. Operations and Mainte-
nance Personnel
C. Process Specialist
D. Management
229. Utilization of RBI provides a C
vehicle for continuously im-
proving the inspection of fa-
cilities and systematically re-
ducing the risk associated with
which of the following?
A. Operational upsets
B. Improper repair activity
C. Pressure boundary failures
D. Severe consequences
230. Inspection activities will in- B
crease information on the con-
dition of the equipment. When
inspection activities have been
performed, the results should
be reviewed for which of the
following reason?
A. The perform
inspection grading
B. To determine if an RBI re-
assessment is necessary
C. To insure the same in-
spection procedures were
per- formed at each
inspection
D. To determine if prior as-
sumptions were correct

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231. B

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What is a methodology where-
by damage of flaws/imperfec-
tions contained within a com-
ponent or equipment item are
assessed in order to determine
acceptability for continues ser-
vice.
A. RBI mitigation assessment
B. Fitness for service assess-
ment
C. Inspection grading
D. Rerating
232. Which of the following are the A
primary work products of the
RBI assessment and manage-
ment approach?
A. Plans that address ways to
manage risks on an
equipment level
B. Plans that address to
man- age personnel
C. Plans that address
addition- al training
requirements for op- erating
personnel
D. Plans for the elimination of
all risks to equipment
233. Equipment modification, re- B
design and rerating utilizing a
MOC process can provide mit-
igation of which of the follow-
ing?
A. Risk assessment
B. POF
C. COF
D. ALARP
234. A

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Emergency isolation
capability can reduce all
except which of the
following?
A. Chronic Environmental
re- leases
B. Toxic release
C. Explosion consequence
D. Fire consequence
235. Design of this mitigation sys- A
tem is critical, because under
some circumstances they can
enhance flame speed.
A. Water Curtain
B. Spray Deluge
C. Emergency isolation
D. Fire monitors
236. The purpose of a water curtain B
is to?
A. Absorption of vapors
B. Absorption of vapors and
di- lution of insoluble vapors
C. Extinguish fire damage and
minimize or prevent
escalation
D. Provide an escape route
for affected personnel
237. Results of a quantitative risk A
assessment are usually pre-
sented in what format?
A. numeric
B. analytical
C. detailed
D. accute
238. One RBI team member that B
should be full-time is: R2014
MM
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A. Equipment Inspector or In-

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spection specialist
B. The Team Leader
C. The Process specialist
D. The Corrosion specialist
239. What has a group of systems A
arranged in a specific fashion
to produce a product? R2014
MM
A. A process unit
B. A facility
C A corrosion loop
D. RBI software
240. RBI uses a team. Who on the D
team is accountable for pro-
viding the resources and fol-
low-up system to implement
the risk mitigation choices?
R2014 MM
A. Team Leader
B. Environmental and
Safety Personnel
C. Equipment Inspector or In-
spection specialist
D. Management
241. Water curtain design is critical B
for the following reason.
A. It must be located in "criti-
cal" areas for flame
extinguish- ing
B. The water curtain can en-
hance flame speed under
some circumstances
C. Spraying on hot thick
walled vessels can promote
Stress Corrosion Cracking
D. It must relieve at fire temper-

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atures and not extreme operat-
ing temperature conditions
242. Who on the RBI team is re- C
sponsible for providing recom-
mendations on methods of mit-
igating the POF (such as coat-
ings/linings, etc.)? R2014 MM
A. The Team leader and
Corro- sion Specialist
B. The Equipment Inspector or
Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D.The Inspector/Specialist and
Corrosion Specialist
243. Risk Assessment teams A
should have specific training.
The detailed training should
cover which of the following
two subjects? R2014 MM
A. RBI methodology and the
procedures being used for
the RBI assessment
B. Procedures being used for
the RBI assessment & the use
of the Risk Assessment Dia-
gram
C. Use of the Risk
Assessment Diagram, and the
method to de- termine the
POF
D. How to determine POF
& COF
244. Which of the following is the B
most desirable location for a
water curtain? R2014 MM
A. Directly above the
release location

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B. Between the release loca-
tion and ignition source
C. Directly above the
potential ignition source
D. Between the ignition
source and the emergency
equipment
245. What is the process of integrat- B
ing the most recent inspec-
tion data or other process and
maintenance alterations into
the risk analysis? R2014 MM
A. RBI evaluation
B. RBI reassessment
C. RBI mitigation
D. RBI identification
246. When using RBI, a reassess- D
ment is required by which of
the following? R2014 MM
A. FMEA
B. Jurisdictional codes
and regulations
C. OSHA 1910.110
D. Governing inspection
codes, and jurisdictional re-
quirements
247. Blast-resistant construction B
may provide personnel protec-
tion from the effects of an ex-
plosion, It may also be useful
for which of the following?
A. Systems Control Engineer
B. Operations and Mainte-
nance Personnel
C. Process Specialist
D. Management
248. C
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When ranking consequences
according to the amount of
surface area of the plot plan
that experiences an effect
greater than a pre-defined lim-
iting value, it is typically as-
sumed that personnel at risk
are which of the following?
A. Are the most experienced
Operations/Maintenance peo-
ple available.
B. Personnel are not
factored into this COF
calculation.
C. Are assumed to be even-
ly distributed throughout
the unit.
D. Are going to be huddled in
the specific area of the
affected area.
249. Blast-resistant construction B
may provide personnel protec-
tion from the effects of explo-
sion. It may also be useful for:
A. Control cables in the area.
B. Instrument lines that are
critical.
C. Emergency isolation
D. Enclosure for pressurized
cylinders.
250. Although major may not have B
occurred, over time, small
changes may occur and cu-
mulatively cause significant
changes in the RBI assess-
ment. Therefore, at a minimum,
users should establish re-
assessments based on which

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of the following prime parame-
ter?
A. After "significant" changes
B. After a specific period of
time
C. After implementation of
risk mitigation strategies
D. During maintenance turn-
arounds
251. API-580 asks when to conduct B
a RBI reassessment and lists
several times; one of which is
""After Significant Changes"".
It goes on to list all but which
of these changes?
A. RBI premises
B. Litigation
C. Significant change in
process
D. Damage mecha-
nisms/rates/severities
252. A risk matrix is one method C
of communicating the distribu-
tion of risks throughout a plant
or process unit. When more
quantitative consequence and
probability data are being
used; which of the following
would provide additional
infor- mation? R2014 MM
A. HAZOP study
B. Fault tree
C. Risk plot
D. Failure mode and
effect analysis
253. D

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One goal of the Risk Analyst
is to accomplish which of the
following?
A. Provide training on
RBI methodology.
B. Isolate low priority data
identified by the sensitivity
analysis
C. Evaluate the conformity of
the software to API
standards
D. Communicate the results
of the RBI in an
understandable way.
254. What is the process of includ- B
ing inspection data or other
changes into the risk analy-
sis?
A. Risk Management
B. Reassessment
C. Risk assessment
D. HAZOP
255. This has a mathematical defin-
D ition as "a real number in the
scale 0-1 attached to a random
event."
A. Mitigation
B. Quantitative risk
C. Risk
D. Probability
256. RBI is a team method. Who D
on the team is responsible for
evaluating the usefulness of
historical inspections?
A.The Team Leader and Risk
Analyst
B. The Equipment Inspector or

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Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D.The Inspector/Specialist and
Corrosion Specialist
257. The units for affected area A
consequence (square foot or
square meters) do not convert
into routine experiences. One
drawback is which of the fol-
lowing?
A. It does not include the
busi- ness impact of failure.
B. It does not include the
safety impact of failure.
C. A common unit of measure
for environmental damage is
not available with current
tech- nology.
D. It does not include the
health impact of failure.
258. Categorizing costs sounds A
easy, but isn't always practi-
cal. Rather than using precise
values, which of the following
can be utilized as an alternate.
R2014 MM
A. Consequences may be
placed into categories that
have pre-defined
economic ranges.
B. Utilization of a Quantitative
approach to provide relevant
information.
C. The Dow Fire and
Explosion Index can be used.
D. Results from the sensitivi-

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ty analysis that have been put
into $$ ranges..

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