ROOFER’S

POCKET
GUIDE

A quick reference guide to

roofing basics and how to install
Quality Edge roofing accessories.
 QUALITY EDGE ELEVATES ROOFING
TO A NEW LEVEL
As a professional roofer, you can count on Quality Edge for innovative
roofing accessories that make all the difference in the finished job. Quality
Edge is an industry leader in metallurgy and high performance alloys. No
other manufacturer offers you a more extensive line of roof accessories. All
made of premium quality aluminum and steel, and all designed to enhance
the roof’s performance.

THE LARGEST SELECTION OF ROOFING ACCESSORIES IN

COORDINATING COLORS.

Quality Edge brings you over 70 roofing accessories with the greatest color
selection to blend beautifully with today's leading shingle and siding products.

Quality Edge lets you offer your customers a beautifully color-matched

roofing system. Our valleys, drip edge, and gutter protection all come in
colors to match or complement your roof to give the roof a totally color
coordinated look– see the full color availability in our Spec Guide.

INTRODUCING THE ROOFER’S POCKET GUIDE

We’ve brought together a wealth of information on how to install Quality
3" x 4" x 7 5/8" STEP FLASHING PREBENT ALUMINUM
4 7/8" x 1 9/16" x 1/2" DECK FLASHING ALUMINUM

18" W VALLEY

TURNING THE ROOFING

2" x 4" x 10" BASE FLASHING ALUMINUM

Edge roofing products and ensure a high-quality roofing job. From the basics
1.5" C STYLE DRIP EDGE ALUMINUM REINFORCED
TYLE DRIP EDGE ALUMUMINUM REINFORCED .010

1.5" ASPHALT DRIP STEEL .016

1.5" T STYLE DRIP EDGE ALUMUMINUM REINFORCED .010 010. DECROFNIER MUNIMUMULA EGDE PIRD ELYTS T "5.1
1.5" T STYLE DRIP EDGE ALUMUMINUM REINFORCED .010

of shingling to the finishing touches, it’s all here. It’s all about helping you

MARKET UPSIDE DOWN 1.5" T STYLE DRIP EDGE ALUMUMINUM REINFORCED .010
build a better roof, and raise your level of knowledge at the same time.

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2 INTRODUCTION 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE PAGE
FLASHING
GUTTERS

The Importance of Roof Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 How to Install Gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Perimeter Edge (Drip Edge) Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 How to Install Gutter Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Porch Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chimney Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ROOFING GUIDELINES
Dormer Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Metal Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Skylight Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Step Flashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 How to Prepare the Roof Deck (Underlayment). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Drip Edge Flashes Fascia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 How to Install Shingles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Drip Edge Flashes Gutter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 How to Install 3 Tab Shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
How to Install Hips and Ridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
VENTILATION How to Install Metric Shingles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
The Need for Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 How to Flash Soil Stacks and Vent Pipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Soffit Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
How to install Soffit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 APPENDIX
How to Install Porch Ceiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Common Roofing Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
How to Install Plank Soffit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Contacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
How to Install Pre-Engineered Fascia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
How to Install Vesta Extended Fascia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

VALLEYS

Why Metal Valleys are Preferred. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

How to Install Valleys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4 5
THE IMPORTANCE OF PERIMETER EDGE (DRIP EDGE) FLASHING

FLASHING
ROOF FLASHING Experts agree that metal drip edge
is the ideal way to keep water
The most likely place for a leak to All flashing systems should be away from roof edges. Drip edge is
develop is anywhere the roof joins reviewed by installers with an installed along the roof rakes and
with walls and chimneys. To help eye to local weather extremes. eaves to shed water away from the
prevent leaks, corrosion-resistant The best backup security for edge. It flashes the natural point
metal flashing is typically applied. flashing systems at this time is the of separation where the roof deck,
Metal flashing is very effective, and presence of waterproofing shingle fascia and rafter tail meet.
when properly installed, can help underlayment beneath it. However,
accommodate roof, chimney, wall, local experience may call for other The roof deck is most vulnerable
or structural movements due to flashing modifications to withstand to leaks where it meets a vertical
settling, expansion, and contraction. weather-related conditions. wall, at penetration sites such
as a soil pipe or chimney, or at
Roof flashing works like shingles—it Flashing typically consists of: “step” changes in slope such as at a valley, Flashing is installed at these
overlaps and sheds water. Flashing is flashing which is attached to the saddle, mansard, hip, or ridge. This locations to bridge adjoining
constructed in a system to work with roof, “cap” flashing which is attached vulnerability is due to: structures and prevent water
the effect of gravity. When correctly to the chimney or a wall , “drip penetration. Flashing materials
designed and installed, it can only edge” flashing and “valley” flashing. • Deferential movements, include sheet metal, cements,
be defeated by water running uphill Step flashing is sometimes called (e.g. the roof deck moves but the caulks, sealants, and flexible sheets
– which can happen in the presence “base flashing” and cap flashing is chimney does not). such as waterproofing shingle
of snow, ice or wind-driven rain. sometimes called “counter flashing”. underlayment. At hips and ridges the
Often, exterior wall siding serves as • An accumulation of turbulent cap shingles, not normally called
cap flashing. water (e.g. in valleys and on the flashing, serve the same function.
high side of chimneys). Leaks are most likely to originate
at a flashing that has failed or was
• An accumulation of melting snow improperly installed.
or ice (e.g. in valleys and on the
high side of chimneys). Corrosion-resistant metal flashing
(aluminum or galvanized steel) is
• Breaks in overlapped shingles (e.g. the ideal flashing since it offers
at hips and ridges). long-lasting performance and can
withstand structural movements as
the result of settling, expansion and
contraction.

Quality Edge Drip Edge comes in

profiles including: T‑style, C-style,
Siders Edge, Asphalt Drip, Gravel
Stop, and Gutter Apron. Many drip
edge profiles are offered with hem in
10' and 12' lengths.

6 THE IMPORTANCE OF ROOF FLASHING PERIMETER EDGE (DRIP EDGE) FLASHING 7

HOW TO INSTALL DRIP EDGE PORCH FLASHING

FLASHING
HOW TO FLASH AGAINST VERTICAL FRONT WALLS
Roof Deck
To apply base flashing against a vertical front wall:

1. Apply the shingles up the roof 2. The metal flashing strip should
until a course must be trimmed be bent, using a metal brake, to
Rafter Tail to fit at the base of the vertical extend at least 2" up the vertical
wall. By planning ahead you can wall and at least 3" onto the last
The result of NO adjust the exposure slightly (and shingle course; that is, to the top
perimeter edge flashing evenly) in the previous courses, of the cutout.
so that the last shingle is at least
8" (vertically) wide. This allows a 3. Apply the metal flashing, which
Fascia
minimum 5" exposure of the top can be 8 to 10 feet in length, over
course and a 3" headlap. the last course of shingles. Embed
the metal flashing in asphalt
View of a 4,000 sq. ft. custom home from inside the attic. roofing cement, or another
appropriate adhesive, and nail it to
the roof every 12". Nail the strip to
1. Drip Edge should extend back
the wall, not the roof deck.
from the roof edges to provide a
suitable surface for water runoff.

2. Nail one in the middle and one

on each end of a 10 ft. piece Adhere shingles trimmed
Siding
(approximately every 5 ft.) as to cover flashing strip
overnailing can cause buckling. Drip Edge flashing
over underlayment Nail flashing strip over cutouts
along rakes
3. ON RAKES: install drip edge on in course below
Drip Edge flashing
top of the underlayment to stop Trim and bend in
below underlayment
to form closure
wind-driven rain from getting at corner along eave edges Top course at
underneath. least 8" wide
2" min.
4. ON EAVES: install drip edge below FOR SEVERE
the underlayment so the water WEATHER CONDITIONS 3" min.
will shed efficiently off the roof if
it gets under the shingles. In extreme ice dam areas, a good Leave gap similar
option is to install waterproof to cutout
underlayments under the drip
edge and down the fascia at the Asphalt Plastic Cement
eave. Make sure the waterproof
underlayment is not exposed to
the sun.
Front wall flashing.

8 DRIP EDGE INSTALLATION PORCH FLASHING INSTALLATION 9

 CHIMNEY FLASHING

FLASHING
4. If side laps are necessary, overlap 7. If the vertical front wall meets Because chimneys are usually built 2. For chimneys projecting through
the pieces at least 6". Do not a sidewall, as in dormer on an independent foundation the roof surface, we recommend
fasten in this joint area. construction, cut the front that is separated from the main that a “cricket” be installed at the
flashing so that it extends at house foundation, the chimney can intersection of the uppermost
5. Apply an additional row of least 7" around the corner. Then move independently of the rest of face of the chimney and the roof
shingles over the metal flashing continue up the sidewall with the house. To allow for chimney/ deck. The cricket, sometimes
strip, trimmed to match the step flashing as described earlier. deck movement, the base flashing called a wood saddle, is an
vertical width of the metal flashing A good quality caulk, or asphalt is secured to the roof deck and important element in preserving
strip on the shingle surface. roofing cement, may be useful to counter or cap flashing is secured the integrity of the flashing
Fasten shingles with face nails fully seal behind corner, if they will to the chimney. When movement that will be installed because it
sealed over with a small dab of not be soldered. occurs, the step-cap flashing system prevents the build-up of ice and
roofing cement. will act as a moveable joint. snow at the rear of the chimney
and diverts water runoff around
6. Next, if there is siding, bring it In moderate to severe climates the chimney. It also prevents
down over the vertical part of that experience heavy snow, ice or water from “ponding” and backing
the step flashing to serve as cap high winds, waterproofing shingle up under the shingles during
flashing. Do not nail the siding underlayment is recommended for winter freeze/thaw periods.
into the vertical flashing. installation around the base of the
chimney. 3. The cricket should be in place
before roofing installation begins
Underlayment 1. Prime the masonry surfaces because all roofing materials,
and run the waterproofing from the felt underlayment to
underlayment up the sidewall 3" the roofing shingles, are applied
or 4". It is a flexible material that over it. A cricket consists of two
End shingles tilted will accommodate the differential triangular sections of plywood
and flashed against Dormer movement of chimney and deck. joined to form a level ridge that
dormer under eaves extends from the centerline of the
chimney back to the roof deck.

Shingles
applied on main
roof up to lower
end of valley
Step Flashing Cricket

Deck
Front/sidewall flashing.
Chimney through the roof deck.

10 PORCH FLASHING INSTALLATION CHIMNEY FLASHING INSTALLATION 11

 FLASHING
4. Nail the sections to the deck and HOW TO DO CAP FLASHING 3. Finally, bend the flashing down to
Coat of Asphalt Primer to each other along their meeting cover the base flashing, or pre-
Asphalt edge, customizing as necessary to Cap flashing techniques will vary bend it so it will lie snugly against
Cricket with the type of chimney finish, such
Roofing get a tight fit. the masonry.
Cement as stucco or brick.
5. Crickets are recommended 4. Use one continuous piece of cap
when a chimney is wider than 1. In general, for positive exclusion flashing on the lowermost and
24", the roof pitch is 6⁄12 or of water from the chimney uppermost sides of the chimney.
Nail Flooring joint, begin by setting the metal
to Deck greater, and where snow and ice On the sides of the chimney, use
accumulations are likely. cap flashing, typically copper, several pieces of similar-sized
Corner Flashing aluminum, or galvanized, into the flashing, trimming each to fit the
Laps Step Flashing 6. Apply shingles up to the front brickwork. This is done by cutting particular location of brick joint
vertical edge of the chimney. out a mortar joint to a depth of and roof pitch. Start the side units
Applying corner flashing. Apply base flashing against the 11⁄2" and inserting the bent edge at the lowest point and overlap
front vertical wall. Apply step of the flashing into the cleared each at least 3" side-to-side. If
flashing to the side and back walls joint. the sides of the chimney have
as described previously for side continuous surface, such as a
walls. 2. Once in place and being under a stucco finished chimney, use a
slight amount of spring tension, continuous piece of cap flashing.
Coat of the flashing cannot be dislodged
Asphalt Primer easily. Refill the joint with Portland
Asphalt
Flooring cement mortar, silicone, caulk,
Cement or use a soft metal wedge and
polyurethane sealant. Cap Flashing

Masonry Chimney
Underlayment
Continuous counter flashing
embedded in mortar joint

Step Flashing
Base flashing applied over shingles Shingles
and set in roofing cement Ice and
Water Shield

Chimney base flashing application.

Applying cap flashing.
Through-wall metal counter
flashing embedded in masonry.

12 CHIMNEY FLASHING INSTALLATION 13

 FLASHING
5. If a cricket is not used, the vertical sidewall base flashing should be pre- HOW TO DO CONTINUOUS COUNTER FLASHING
bent and extend up the chimney at least 6" and up the roof deck at least
18", with appropriately formed sides and corners. The first course of shingle This optional counter flashing technique uses a continuous metal piece
material to cross the roof deck on the uppermost side of the chimney instead of the typical (stepped) counter flashing along the side of a chimney
should be trimmed back a minimum of 2" from the chimney vertical or wall with mortar joints. It is an alternative to stepped counter flashing,
flashing bend and set in asphalt plastic cement. This 2" setback allows which can lead to water leaks along the vertical joints in high wind or permit
quick water drainage, prevents water from working up under the shingles, the entry of wind-driven, fine grained snow. With continuous counter
and promotes natural cleaning of debris from the high side of the chimney. flashing, the apron flashing is continuous over the shingles and up the
masonry wall. The vertical wall portion is then covered with counter flashing.

Block, Brick or Min. 4"

Concrete Masonry Plus 1" Depth
into groove or
Urethane/Masonry reglet plus
Caulk 3/8" - 1/2" hem lock

Groove or Reglet 2" Min.

cut (Min. 1") 3" Min.
Backer Flashing around wall
Optional: Reverse Fold of
Step Flashing
Turned-In Step in most cases
3/8" - 1/2" to act
2" longer than
or Soldered to Close as spring loaded
shingle exposure
6" (152 mm) Width of Corners Hem Lock
Step Flashing
Min. Chimney under/over
16" (457 mm) Min. 8" (203 mm)

shingles
Min.

4" Min. Self-Tapping Stainless Steel

Screw set in plastic or
Fiber Anchor with caulk

Pinch Bend at lower edge

24" (610 mm)
Suggested

Apron Flashing of Counter Flashing

Hem Reglet
Turned Up Reglet
Counter Apply Sealant
Flashing Bead Here
Stainless
Steel Screw
Example of sheet metal
Step Plastic or
back flashing from upslope Flashing Fiber Anchor
Masonry Masonry
portion of masonry chimney. Wall Wall 3/4"

Decking Decking

Continuous counter flashing against Masonry chimneys and walls.

14 CHIMNEY FLASHING INSTALLATION 15

 DORMER FLASHING

FLASHING
BEFORE CUTTING THE “REGLET” 6. Set the continuous metal flashing HOW TO DO DORMER FLASHING HOW TO DO SINGLE
into the reglet with the pre- PITCH RIDGE FLASHING
1. Mount a guide or ledger on the applied sealant/caulk and allow The junction of a dormer with a
side of the chimney or wall to be to cure. After this sets up, run a sloping roof requires a base or Occasionally, shingles are installed
cut. final bead of sealant/caulk on the apron flashing below the window on a single pitch ridge. The figure
exposed area of the reglet to seal sill. The figures below illustrate below illustrates how to finish off
2. With a dry masonry or diamond the metal-to-masonry joint. the two systems that are usually flashing on a single pitch ridge.
wheel on a circular saw or grinder, encountered.
cut a groove (also known as a IN FORMING THE METAL
“reglet” or “raggle”) in a straight CONTINUOUS COUNTER
line parallel to the roof slope. The FLASHING, PAY PARTICULAR
groove should be a minimum of ATTENTION TO:
1" deep into the masonry (1¼" to
1½" is preferred). • The reverse fold 3⁄8" to ½", which
Glass
will act as a spring-loaded hem
3. Apply shingles and step flashing lock in the groove. 4" (102 mm) Min.
to the roof at the joint with the
masonry chimney or wall. Pay • The depth of the metal into the
particular attention to any metal groove.
corner bends and joints.
• The pinch bend, which will ensure
4. Choose the appropriate length a tight fit against step flashing and
and width dimensions of metal to add rigidity to continuous metal
be used for continuous counter counter flashing.
flashing. Plan your sequence of
bends in advance, and form the Topping flashing on
metal. A metal brake is preferred a single pitch ridge.
for accurate bends. Also, don’t Glass
forget to allow extra length
to accommodate each bend
(obviously, this depends on the
thickness of the metal used).

5. Run a bead of sealant or caulking

into the reglet prior to installing
the counter flashing. Choose a
sealant/caulking that is specifically
designed for use with masonry.
Urethane-based materials are
well-suited for masonry/metal
applications. Two examples of base flashing
below the window sill of a dormer.

16 CHIMNEY FLASHING INSTALLATION DORMER FLASHING INSTALLATION 17

SKYLIGHT FLASHING STEP FLASHING

FLASHING
Many skylight designs are being sold. Most provide their own instructions HOW TO FLASH AGAINST
for flashing the curb on which the skylight is mounted. The skylight curb is A SIDEWALL
flashed much like a chimney. Install adhered waterproofing underlayment
around the entire deck and bring the underlayment up onto the curb. An There are three things to keep in The following minimums apply for
apron flashing with a hemmed lower edge is installed on the base. Step mind when installing flashing. most shingles:
flashing is installed on the sides; base flashing is installed upslope, holding
one course of shingles away from the curb to encourage rain to wash away 1. Don’t fasten the cap or counter • The width of the step flashing on
dirt and debris. The skylight itself provides the counter flashing or cap. flashing to the roof deck or to the the deck must be at least 3" wide.
step flashing, since they move
independently of each other to • The height of the step flashing
accommodate any structural installed against the vertical
movement. surface must be at least 2" high.

2. Each metal step flashing piece • For a step flashing application, the
Backer Flashing extends pieces of flashing must overlap
up slope under shingles a (sometimes called a flashing
shingle) is to be placed slightly up each other by at least 2".
min. of 3 courses. (Where
deemed necessary hold the roof from where the exposed
shingles up 1 course edge of the next overlapping • The length of the step flashing
and nail high, depending shingle will be located (that’s why pieces depends on the type of
upon anticipated debris it’s called step flashing). This will shingles being applied.
and/or snow accumulation.) help keep the flashing out of sight
while maintaining a water-tight fit.

Skylight 3. The material used for step flashing

Integral Counter must be corrosion resistant.
Flashing with
Hemmed Drip Edge
Counter Flashing
laps over base and
Step Flashing approx.
2" (51 mm) Min. Waterproofing
Underlayment
Apron Flashing with lower turned up curb
edge hemmed under
Step Flashing
Raised Curb (2" x 8" [51 mm x 203 mm]
suggested as min. to attain flashing clearances)

Basic sheet metal components used at skylight.

18 SKYLIGHT FLASHING INSTALLATION STEP FLASHING INSTALLATION 19

 FLASHING
NOTE: As a general rule of thumb, the minimum length of flashing should be HOW TO FLASH AGAINST A
2" more than the shingle exposure. For instance, metric shingles installed with VERTICAL SIDEWALL
a 55⁄8" exposure require flashing of at least 75⁄8" in length. ARMA recommends
that step flashing be 5" high and 5" wide, while NRCA recommends that step 1. When installing step flashing 4. Position the second step flashing
flashing be 4" high by 4" wide. However, a minimum requirement of 2" x 3" against a vertical sidewall), place piece over the first-course
provides full protection against normal water back-up. the first flashing piece over the shingle and against the wall, 5"
end of the starter strip and, finally, up from the bottom edge of
position it so that when the tab of the first-course shingle. This will
the end shingle in the first course permit the tab of the shingle in
is applied, the flashing will be the second course to cover it
covered completely. completely. As before, only fasten
that part of the step flashing piece
2. Fasten the part which sits on the which sits on the roof.
Underlayment run roof with one nail.
3" to 4" up onto sidewall 5. Step flashing fastener(s) should be
Nail flashing to roof 3. Next, apply the first-course placed in the uppermost 2" area
shingles up to the wall. of the step flashing piece, to avoid
leaks.

2" overlap 6. Continue up the roof or sidewall

area in a similar manner until
complete.
7"

Masonry Chimney
Continuous counter flashing
5" embedded in mortar joint

5" Step Flashing

SIDEWALLS Shingles
3“ Ice and
2“ overlap min Fasten Flashing Brick Water Shield
Sidewall step flashing. to Roof Re-mortar
or Caulk
Joint
See Cap Sidewall step flashing.
Chart Flashing
Step
2“ Shingles Flashing
min

20 STEP FLASHING INSTALLATION STEP FLASHING INSTALLATION 21

DRIP EDGE FLASHES FASCIA DRIP EDGE FLASHES GUTTER

FLASHING
Fascia goes behind the drip edge.

• It sheds water over the top of the fascia.

Underlayment laps drip edge
• It allows for proper installation of fascia. Drip edge laps gutter

• Without drip edge, fascia needs to be face nailed which causes buckling
Gutter Apron
and oil canning.

Underlayment
laps drip edge

Drip edge
laps gutter
Gutter goes behind the drip edge Without drip edge, water will get
(or gutter apron). behind the gutter and promote rot
and mold.

Fascia goes
behind drip edge

22 DRIP EDGE FLASHES FASCIA DRIP EDGE FLASHES GUTTER 23

THE NEED FOR VENTILATION
WHAT IS VENTILATION? WHY VENTILATION IS ESSENTIAL NFA
TO PREVENT HEAT BUILD-UP
Ventilation ensures a continuous You will find that most codes will Since these specifications were
supply of air through the attic space. In summer, ventilation reduces attic specify a net-free area (NFA) of: written before today's concerns

VENTILATION
temperatures by as much as 30°F— for energy conservation and
It consists of 50% intake under the extending shingle life and reducing • 1 sq. ft. for each 150 sq. ft. of resulting trends towards tighter
eaves and 50% exhaust near or at energy bills. ceiling area (if the ceiling has no house construction, they may not
the peak of the roof. vapor retarder). be sufficient for every structure.
Heat in an unventilated attic can Always check the manufacturer’s
The exhaust must be at least 3 feet cause temperatures to exceed 150°F, • 1 sq. ft. for each 300 sq. ft. of recommendations for proper use
higher than the intake system. causing damage to the shingles and ceiling area (if the ceiling has a of ventilating systems and vapor
roof sheathing and possibly radiating vapor retarder).The ventilation retarders.
to the living area. area should be divided 50/50
between high and low vents
Ventilation rids the attic of excess (preferably soffit and ridge vents).
moisture:

• Dampness contributes to mold

and mildew growth which can
lead to major health problems Exhaust

• Condensation can damage wood,

plaster, paint and insulation 3 ft.
Minimum
In winter, ventilation helps to keep
the roof uniformly cold to prevent
ice damming.
Intake Intake
By ventilating, you are preventing
moisture problems and extending "Proper ventilation" consists
the life of shingles, insulation and of 50% intake under the eaves,
other building components. and 50% exhaust near or at
the roof peak, at least 3 feet
higher than the intake system.

24 THE NEED FOR VENTILATION 25

VENTILATION:
THE VITAL FACTOR IN ROOF PERFORMANCE
HEAT: A NATURAL ENEMY WHAT VENTILATION DOES In the winter, again in a house Initial Snow Blanket
OF ASPHALT with poor ventilation, moist, warm Air Temperature
Snow Blanket
Ventilation is a system of intake and air from the lower portions of the Melted Water er
Mixed Water and Ice High
Heat, along with ultraviolet light, exhaust that creates a flow of air. home will tend to rise through the

VENTILATION
er
Low
causes asphalt shingles to age Effective attic ventilation provides ceiling area into the attic, especially
Ice Dam
through chemical changes that year-round benefits, creating through bypasses where electrical
and plumbing fixtures are installed. Heat Flow
stiffen the asphalt. Initially, shingles cooler attics in the summer and Wet and sagging
are protected from ultraviolet light drier attics in the winter, protecting In a cold attic, the warm, moist air insulation
by the granules embedded in their against damage to materials and condenses on the cold surfaces of Water-damaged interior
and exterior finishes
surface. As long as the asphalt structure, helping to reduce energy the rafters, the nails and other metal,
stays flexible the granules will stay consumption and helping to prevent and the attic side of the deck. This
in place. Eventually, however, the ice dams. water can create several problems. ICE DAMS
shingles become brittle and the
granules break loose and gradually With poor ventilation, summer First, the condensation can swell the Another winter problem caused by
wash away. sunshine can cause a terrific build- deck, causing waviness and buckling poor ventilation is the formation of
up of heat in the attic space. In a of both the deck and the shingles. ice dams. Ice dams form in cooler
Excess heat accelerates this aging home with poor ventilation, the Second, the water can rot the roof climates in the winter when heat
process, causing the shingles heat in the attic may eventually deck, destroying its ability to carry collects in a poorly ventilated and/or
to become prematurely brittle reach 140°F on a 90°F day. If the loads (like a roofing crew) and its inadequately insulated attic. Built-up
and show all the signs of aging, unventilated attic is heavily insulated, nail-holding capability. Third, severe attic heat combines with the sun’s
such as cracking and curling. The that heat will stay there much of the condensation can drip onto the warmth to melt snow on the roof,
aging shingles lose their granules night, perhaps slowly migrating to insulation, reducing its effectiveness even though outside temperatures
at a faster and faster rate and the home’s interior. An overheated and possibly seeping through to the may be below freezing. Then the
subject them to even more rapid attic, combined with moisture, can ceiling below. flow of melting snow refreezes at
deterioration from ultraviolet light. also be damaging to roof decking the eaves and gutters. This freeze-
and roofing shingles, causing thaw cycle can result in a pool of
Fortunately, accelerated shingle them to distort and deteriorate Ridge Vent (Exhaust Air) water that can back up under roof
aging can be slowed by reducing prematurely. shingles and behind fascia boards,
the heat from directly below the roof External Baffle soaking roof decking and wall
deck. Proper attic ventilation is the Wind sheathing, damaging exterior and
Insulation Baffle
best way to achieve this objective interior walls, peeling paint and
and is therefore a key component of ruining ceilings. Soaked lumber and
the shingle roof system. building materials lead to secondary
problems: wood rot, bug infestation,
Sofft Vent Sofft Vent mold and degradation of structural
(Air Intake) (Air Intake)
integrity.

26 THE NEED FOR VENTILATION 27

EXHAUST VENTS ROOF LOUVERS

Roof louvers (also called roof pots)

are installed as close to the roof
Exhaust vents are designed to permit an efficient, unobstructed outflow of ridge as possible to allow maximum
attic air. These units must be designed to prevent (or at least minimize) rain release of moisture and overheated
and snow infiltration. Exhaust vents must be used with intake vents to provide air. Because they’re installed near
proper high/low balance and thus an adequate flow of air through an attic. the ridge, they provide a continuous

VENTILATION
airflow along most of the underside
Exhaust vents are available in different designs: of the roof sheathing. The airflow
pattern isn’t uniform, however, so
GABLE LOUVERS for maximum effectiveness, vents A roof vent is an exhaust vent
should be spaced equally along the located near the ridge.
Gable louvers are typically installed in the gable ends of the house. roof.

RIDGE VENTS
NOTE: For best results, intake
NOTE: Sometimes louvers Ridge vents offer unique advantages venting should be divided equally
are installed in opposite gable compared to other types of exhaust along both sides of a structure.
ends, without intake venting, in vents.
the mistaken assumption that
a good “cross flow” of air can Maximum efficiency ridge vents are
provide adequate ventilation. designed to draw heated air from an
attic regardless of wind direction or
The gable-louver vent, an exhaust force.
vent, allows unwanted air to flow
In addition, when little wind force
out of the attic.
exists, ridge vents take full advantage
of the thermal effect to maintain air
circulation across the underside of
the roof sheathing. Warm air rises to
the ridge and exhausts through the
vent. Ridge vent shorter than the ridge
length presents an unattractive
That allows a continuous flow of “broken” appearance.
cooler air to enter at intake vents.
Only ridge vents use thermal effect
efficiently and effectively, because
only ridge vents provide continuous
and uniform air movement along the
With wind blowing perpendicular With
,egdir ewind
ht ot lellblowing
arap gniwolbparallel
dniw htiW :to
XXXtheerugiF full length of a roof.
to the ridge, the louvers act as both tridge,
settoh ehairflow
t gnivael rodips
ofl citttoward
a eht drawothe
t spidattic
woflria
intake and exhaust vents. .gnihtleaving
floor aehs foor ethe
ht fo ehottest
disrednu ehair
t nostill
llits ron
ia
the underside of the roof sheathing.

28 EXHAUST VENTS 29
 NEVER MIX TWO TYPES
OF EXHAUST VENTS
RIDGE VENTS CONTINUED… POWER ATTIC VENTILATORS When ridge and soffit ventilation is
added to an attic with other vents
Uniform Air Movement: Maximum Visual Appeal: Like a wind turbine, a power fan in place, such as gable end vents,
uses the rotary motion of blades box or turbine static vents, or power

VENTILATION
Because ridge vents run the entire Most ridge vents offer a low-profile to draw hot air from the attic. But fans, you must remove or block off
length of a roof, they provide design that minimizes its appearance instead of using wind power to the other ventilators. When installed
a uniform flow of air along the on a roof. Shingle-over designs allow drive the blades, power fans use properly, ridge and soffit systems
underside of the roof sheathing. optimum blending with other roof electricity to drive high-efficiency draw air in the bottom (soffits) and
That air movement helps eliminate materials. motors. out the top (ridge). Other open
“hot spots” that can develop with ventilator holes in the roof or
other types of exhaust vents – even Unlike a wind turbine, however, the gable will shortcut the low-to-high
powered vents. No other exhaust effectiveness of a power fan isn’t draft and diminish the ventilation
vents provide this type of airflow dependent on wind force. Instead, effectiveness.
pattern. a power fan is turned on and off
as needed, automatically, with
thermostat and humidistat controls.
Air sucked in
WIND TURBINES Although a power fan can move through ridge Power
a large volume of air, typically a Vent
Wind turbines use a moving part single unit cannot “vacuum” all hot
to help exhaust from an attic. That air from an attic. Usually, to provide Reversed
moving part consists of a series of Air Flow
uniform air movement along the
specially shaped vanes that turn underside of roof sheathing, a series Stagnant
wind force into a rotary motion. As of power fans must be spaced Air
the spinning vanes gain velocity, equally along a roof.
they create an area of negative air
pressure. That negative pressure, in
turn, pulls air from an attic. CAUTION: RIDGE VENTS &
POWER VENTS DO NOT MIX
Although not as effective as ridge
vents, wind turbines provide a Wind turbines are located near the Power vents can actually pull
low-cost alternative in areas where ridge and are used to exhaust air air into an attic through a ridge
consistent wind speeds of at least from the attic. vent, making it act as an intake.
5 mph are typical. Without that This reversed airflow could bring
minimal wind speed, wind turbines moisture into the attic and make
act essentially as roof louvers. the ridge vent ineffective.

When the wind is blowing, however, Power fans are used to move large
wind turbines can be effective air volumes of air – a good option for
movers. hard-to-vent hip roofs.

30 EXHAUST VENTS 31
SOFFIT VENTILATION HOW TO INSTALL SOFFIT
WHY YOU SHOULD INSTALL FULLY VENTED SOFFIT HOW TO BEGIN PREPARATION
• The more ventilation area you provide, the more effective the home will be Soffit is the name given materials 1. Inspect and plan the job in
at venting moist air. used to enclose the underside advance. For residing application,

VENTILATION
of eaves and porch ceilings. The nail down any loose panels,
• Soffits should be fully vented for maximum airflow. installation of soffit will determine boards, or shingles. Check
the positioning of the inside and surfaces for straightness and fur
• The intake of fresh air through the home allows moisture and excess heat outside corner posts. It also is when necessary. Surfaces should
to escape. necessary to complete the soffit, or be uniform and straight from
install the soffit moldings, before the various viewing angles.
• Condensation occurs when air contacts a cold surface. final course of siding is installed on
the wall. 2. The procedure used to
• By preventing trapped moisture, vented soffits help prevent moisture install soffit depends on the
problems like rotting, mold and ice construction of the eaves. There
build-up. NOTE: Proper attic ventilation are two different types of eaves:
is important for any home.
• Maximum air circulation also improves indoor air quality to prevent Consult a local building • OPEN EAVES with exposed
problems like Sick Home Syndrome. official for the appropriate rafters or trusses are typical of
requirements for a specific new construction. Open eave
geographical area, and use installation procedures are also
vented soffit or other vented used when removing damaged
products as necessary. soffit during a residing project.

• ENCLOSED EAVES (eaves with a

wood or plywood soffit already
in place) are typical of residing
projects.

NOTE: In most new

construction application the
existing soffit area will be an
open area with exposed rafters.
In most remodeling situations a
solid wood soffit will be present.

32 SOFFIT VENTILATION SOFFIT INSTALLATION 33

INSTALLATION OVER OPEN EAVES INSTALLATION OVER CLOSED EAVES

There are several ways to install The procedure used to install soffit
receiving channels for soffit. You can Fascia over enclosed eaves is almost Fascia
use accessories such as J-Channel identical to that used for open
or Frieze Channel (F-Channel). The eaves. The major difference is the

VENTILATION
best approach is to select a method Open Truss installation of the J-Channel at the
that works most effectively with the wall line rather than F-Channel
construction techniques used to Frieze Channel (Figures. 5 and 6).
(F-Channel)
create the eave.
Determine the preferred method of
1. Examine the eaves illustrations installing soffit at the fascia board. Enclosed Eave Nailing Strip
Figure 1 Soffit Soffit J-Channel
and find one that most closely Figure 5
resembles the construction
methods used on your particular NOTE: If the existing soffit is
projects (Figures 1 through 4). rotted or damaged, remove it
completely before installing
Open Truss
2. Install the receiving channels soffit, then use the instructions
following the details shown in for open eaves.
Frieze Channel
the illustrations. Nail channels J-Channel (F-Channel)
every 5 ft. positioning the nail in
“pre” drilled holes – see detailed Soffit Enclosed Eave
instructions. Figure 2 Soffit J-Channel
Figure 6
3. Fasten channels, just snug to
take out excessive play. Do not
overdrive fasteners.
SOFFIT INSTALLATION

Open Rafter
1. Along the wall, strike a chalk line
(Figure 7) that is parallel and level
NOTE: Recommended nailing Frieze Channel
(F-Channel) with the bottom of the existing
for soffit panels is 16" on center, wood sub-fascia board.
however, if the eave span is
over 18", nailing strips must be Figure 3 Soffit
2. A receiving channel must be
installed (Figure 4). In areas with installed along the chalk line Chalk Line
high wind restrictions, nailing making sure to allow for the depth
should not exceed 12" on center. of the soffit panels. In all of the Level
Add Framing
options listed, receiving channels
should be attached every 16".
In most situations you will not
Add Nailing Strips be required to install a receiving
channel on the fascia board. Figure 7
Soffit
J-Channel
Figure 4

34 SOFFIT INSTALLATION 35
FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR REMODELING

Wood
Soffit

VENTILATION
Frieze-Channel (F-Channel) can be J-Channel can be attached directly
used to receive the soffit panels. to the existing wood soffit.
Frieze Channel
(F-Channel) J-Channel

FOR BOTH

A wood block can be used as a Block

nailing surface for a J-Channel. of wood
Cut the soffit panels to the required
J-Channel length minus 1⁄4" to allow for
movement.

Soffit Panels

J-Channel can also be modified by Insert panel into the wall channel
cutting 2" wide tabs in the nailing making sure it is fully engaged into
flange. Bend these flanges back and
2" wide tabs the lock of the preceding panel.
16”
nail to the wall.
While nailing the panel into the
bottom of the fascia board, make
sure panel is square. Square Panel

36 SOFFIT INSTALLATION 37
WIDE SOFFIT INSTALLATION PORCH CEILING
INSTALLATION
Nailing Support
An intermediate nailing support NEW CONSTRUCTION REMODELING

VENTILATION
should be used when installing
panels over 24". • J-Channels should be installed • J-Channels should be installed
around perimeter of porch area. around perimeter of porch area.
Nail panels at the center of the panel
and at the nail flange. • Intermediate nailing supports • Panels can be installed directly
need to be used at 24" on center. onto existing wood ceiling
substrate.
• Nail panels 24" on center at the
nail flange and in the V-Grooves. • Nail panels 24" on center.

TRANSITIONS

When a soffit changes direction,

such as at inside and outside Miter Divider
corners, install a transition channel or 2 J-Channels J-Channels
by using pre-formed Miter Divider, Around
Perimeter
or two pieces 1⁄2" J-Channel placed
back to back.

Miter soffit panels to fit.

1/2" J CHANNEL

Miter Divider J-Channel

38 SOFFIT INSTALLATION PORCH CEILING 39

 –2–
1

PLANK SOFFIT INSTALLATION

NOTE: The NFA is based on 1 vented panel in a 12 inch square in order
to achieve the stated 11.4 NFA

VENTILATION
PERPENDICULAR INSTALLATION PARALLEL INSTALLATION
• Plank soffit pattern for perpendicular (normal soffit) to the siding is 1 vented • Plank soffit pattern for parallel to the siding is 1 vented row, 2 solid rows,
row, 2 solid rows, repeat. repeat.

• The 1,2,1,2 pattern provides 1.5 vented panels for an 18 inch soffit • The 1,2,1,2 pattern provides 1.5 vented panels for an 18 inch soffit
(common depth). (common depth).

J-Channels J-Channels
Around Around
Perimeter Perimeter

–2– 1
1 –2–
–2–
1 1

40 PLANK SOFFIT INSTALLATION 41

PRE-ENGINEERED
FASCIA INSTALLATION
Drip Edge

Insert Under
For standard pre-engineered fascia, Drip Edge

FASCIA
it is recommended to pre-drill a hole
1
⁄16" larger than the nail diameter in
the bottom edge “before” nailing
every 5 feet.
Do N
ot Fa Slide fascia up vertically, so the top Fascia
ce Na
DO NOT FACE NAIL il
end slides under the drip edge and
the bottom end snaps into place on
Insert fascia under drip edge and
the bottom of the lock.
screw into place. Pre-drill
bottom edge

Bottom
of Fascia
VESTA FASCIA:
ARCHITECTURAL FASCIA & LOCK INSTALLATION
Fascia Lock

Vesta Architectural Fascia with lock

requires a special fascia lock for
installation because it extends below
a typical overhang.

Position fascia lock on fascia board

and nail lock to board with nails
placed every 12". Final assembled fascia and
lock position.
Fascia Lock Fascia
Fascia Lock

42 FASCIA INSTALLATION 43
VALLEYS GOOD BAD

WHY METAL VALLEYS ARE PREFERRED

WHY METAL VALLEYS THE PROBLEMS WITH

PERFORM BEST CLOSED VALLEYS

There are two basic ways to flash a With a closed or woven valley, the
valley: open and closed (also called roofing material itself acts as the
woven or cut). flashing. Sections are interlocked,
or woven, to create a seamless
The open valley has been preferred appearance. This demands that
for many years. The open valley the roofer cut the material so it will
starts with a layer of metal flashing weave together properly. However,

VALLEYS
along the valley. It effectively over time, there is a higher likelihood
channels the water to run off easily, of water leakage.
and adds strength where it’s needed
most in the center area of the valley. The closed valley, with its
The smooth surface also ensures interlocking shingles can also attract
that debris will not get caught in the debris. This can give the roof an Metal Valley Closed Valley
valley. unsightly appearance. Trapped
debris can also mean that water
Metal flashing offers great strength sits longer in the valley, which can
and durability. The corrosion reduce the life of the shingles.
resistance and non-staining
performance of Quality Edge
flashing, in aluminum or steel, make
it an ideal choice for valleys. An
extensive selection of colors ensures
it blends beautifully with the home’s
roofing system.

Metal Valley Closed Valley

44 IMPORTANCE OF METAL VALLEYS 45

HOW TO INSTALL VALLEYS
When installing open valleys, only metal valleys are recommended. Mineral- 4. If you need to use more than one NOTE: There exists some
surfaced roll roofing is not considered to be sufficiently durable to last for the piece of metal flashing for a valley, disagreement in the trade
warranted life of today’s shingles. More­over, there is no warranty on mineral- the high piece must overlap the about when nails can be
surfaced rolls. lower piece by at least 8". Because driven through valley metal.
of expansion and contraction of Everyone agrees that it is
the two metal sheets, do not drive never desirable to do so
OPEN VALLEY APPLICATIONS fasteners through both sheets in except at the head of the
1. Apply a 36" piece of 3. Secure the metal flashing every the overlapping areas. valley, or at the top of a sheet
Waterproofing Shingle 24" along both edges with capped by a higher sheet
5. Strike chalk lines 3" from the above. But some shingles,
Underlayment, or its equivalent, large-headed nails. If using large-
valley centerline, on each side of cannot be securely installed
up the center of the valley, headed nails without cleats, place
the metal valley. As shingles are over a standard 20" valley
applied directly to the deck. the shanks immediately adjacent
applied, trim them back to the without driving nails into the

VALLEYS
to the metal edge so as not to
2. Next, apply an 18" - 20" wide chalk lines. Use a buffer beneath metal. One solution might
restrict the movement of the
sheet of metal valley flashing over the shingles to be trimmed to be to make the valley metal
metal.
the 8 to 10 foot lengths. Use a avoid scoring the metal valley with wide and over-flash the edge
narrow band of roofing cement to the knife blade. with water-proofing shingle
fasten shingles that lap the metal. underlayment. However,
6. Set the valley edge of each field testing has not been
Preformed “W” style valleys are
shingle in a 3" wide band of completed to assure the
preferred. The center crimp will
asphalt roofing cement (ASTM long-term performance of
help relieve stresses on the metal
D4586 Type II). this solution.
without forcing the metal to crack Underlayment
or buckle.
18" wide metal valley
flashing, 10' max. lengths. 36" wide membrane, Clip Method Nail Method
Lap 8" min., blind nail lap 12" min.
upper end
Valley Metal
End shingles trimmed
Clip corner off and Anchor clips 8" to chalk like, 4" min. lap
apply spot of asphalt to 24" o.c. Anchor clips, bend
plastic cement clip over nail heads

Sheathing
Asphalt
Plastic Large Headed Nail
Cement 8" for asphalt shingles,
10" for wood shingles,
11" for slate, tile and shakes

Typical open valley. End shingles trimmed to Secure metal valley flashing with
chalk line, 4" min. lap clips or large-headed nail.

46 VALLEY INSTALLATION 47
HOW TO INSTALL GUTTERS
IMPORTANT REASONS FOR HANDLING WATER, SNOW AND ICE INSTALLATION TIPS
USING GUTTERS
Gutters help manage water flow. • Aluminum gutter runs should • The number of downspouts a
• Gutters do best in heavy rainfall Remember, any water not handled have an expansion joint every 40 roof needs will depend on the
areas and on buildings with little at the roof line must be managed on ft. of straight run since the gutter size of the conductor pipe. Allow
or no overhang. the ground, causing additional labor will expand and contract 1⁄8" or 1 square inch of downspout
and potential damage. more over that span. cross-section for every 100 square
• Gutters should always be used feet of roof area.
where houses are built on clay All gutters must be installed with the • Gutters should slope at least 1⁄16"
and other frost-susceptible soils. proper clearances. In cold climates, per foot of run. • Place the downspouts at least 20
Expansive clay soils can crack a the outside edges of all gutters ft. apart but no more than 50 ft.
foundation simply by being wet. should fall below the roof’s slope so • It’s important to move the water apart.
snow and ice can slide clear. quickly away from the foundation
• Use gutters wherever roof run-off with either a subsurface pipe or
creates a splashback problem that The shallower the roof, the more splash blocks and by sloping the
might damage entry steps, decks clearance is needed. grade at the surface.
and siding.

• Gutters can help eliminate

basement water that can cause

GUTTERS
expensive damage to finished Quality Edge has a complete line of Gutter Coil and accessories.
basements.

Check your area’s building codes for B J

gutter requirements on your job. I
C
A
G F
D H
E
A 5" or 6" Gutter
Underlayment laps drip edge B 5" or 6" Outside Miter (for corners)
Drip edge laps gutter
D C 5" or 6" Inside Miter (for corners)
D Elbows (for downpipe)
Projected roof slope E Downpipe
F 5" or 6" End Caps
K G Outlet tube
(to connect gutter and downpipe)
Clearance varies L
H Spikes and Ferrules
with roof slope: E
1/4" for 12/12 I Wraparound Hanger
1/2" for 12/7 (5" gutter only)
3/4" for 12/5 J Hidden Hanger
1" for 12/0 D
K Diamond Pipe Band or
L Pipe Clip
(to secure downpipe to wall)

48 GUTTER INSTALLATION 49
GUTTERS INSTALLATION

1. If there is no drip edge installed, 3. Measure and cut the gutter to 6. Place the downspout outlet over 8. Insert the hidden hangers. Hook
we recommend you install a length of the eave. the gutter where you want it the hanger under the front lip of
Quality Edge drip edge. Lift located, and trace the outside. the gutter. Screw the hanger in
shingles and push back the drip Using shears, cut out the traced through the back of the gutter
edge under shingles until edge section 1⁄16" outside the line. Flip into the eave using the screw
projects at least ½" beyond fascia. the gutter over. Then insert and provided. Install a hanger every
fasten the outlet to the gutter with 2 ft.
rivets. Use sealant to ensure a
waterproof joint.
4. Notch the end of both gutters
to be inserted into the inside or Downspout Outlet
outside corner brackets (outside Hidden
bracket shown). Hanger

Drip Edge
Notch
Gutter

GUTTERS
Insert
Seal & Rivet 9. Attach the elbow joint to the
2. To get the proper slope of a downspout outlet.
gutter, measure the length 5. Lay a bead of gutter sealant 1½"
of the eave, then angle your inside the corner bracket. Hook
measurement down ¼" every 10 the front lip of the corner over the
ft. (or 1" every 40 ft.). Snap a chalk notched section of the gutter and
line to mark your place. snap it over the sealant. Rivet the
joint together and caulk the seam
on the inside of the gutter with
gutter sealant. Also, cover each 7. Raise to the chalk line and fasten
rivet with a dab of sealant. the gutter assembly to the eave.
Elbow

Rivet

Caulk Seam on Inside Insert Gutter

Chalk line Under Drip Edge

50 GUTTER INSTALLATION 51
GUTTERS INSTALLATION CON'T

10. Hold another elbow against the 12. Fasten the pipe to the wall
wall and measure between using a diamond pipe band
them. Allow for a 11⁄2" overlap (3" pipe clips are also available).
on each end.

Diamond
Pipe Band

Allow 1½"
overlap on
each end

GUTTERS
11. Fasten the elbows to the
straight pieces of downspout.

Straight
Pieces of
Downspout

52 GUTTER INSTALLATION 53
HOW TO INSTALL
GUTTER PROTECTION
HOW TO BEGIN PREPARATION
This product is designed to be a For best performance, the position 1. For safety, we recommend 6. Panels can be installed on most
closed system. The only opening of the outward-most point (nose) of working only from a ladder. roofs with a 4⁄12 to 5⁄12 pitch
should be a continuous 3⁄8" water each installed panel is critical and Always use extreme caution. Make without alteration. For roof
gap between the gutter lip and the should extend past the front edge of sure ladder is level and footing pitches below 4⁄12, check to see
lower panel. Inspect and enclose all the gutter by approximately ¼". Use is stable. Do not climb onto the if the installed system maintains
other openings, especially behind of the patented SmartClip® makes roof. a continuous downward slope
the gutters and end caps. this effortless. from the upstream roof edge to
2. Remove any screens and the nose. A negative or backward
Installed panels must maintain a attachments to the gutter, such slope caused by the front nose
continuous downward slope from as a splashguard, that may being higher than the rear or
the upstream roof edge to the prevent the installation of a gutter upstream edge will cause pooling
nose. A negative or backward slope, protection system. and can damage the roof. If a
caused by the nose being higher backward slope occurs, lower the
than the rear or upstream edge, will 3. Check the overall condition of gutters to create a positive pitch
cause pooling and can damage the the gutters and repair as needed. or fascia mount the panels (see
roof. As a rule the rear, or upstream Re-attach loose areas; reseal all Fascia Mount Instructions).

GUTTER PROTECTION
edge, of an installed panel must be seams, secure and re-pitch gutters
1" – 1¼" higher than the front edge. as necessary. 7. For roofs with a pitch greater than
5⁄12, the panel must be modified.
4. Clean the gutters and make sure The panel must continue at
downspouts are clean and free of the same angle as the top of
debris. the bracket (SmartClip) until it
meets the shingle at which point
5. This product must be installed the panel should have a break
Gutter Protection Panel
under the second course of matching the pitch of the roof.
shingles. Check the condition of As the roof pitch increases, the
the shingles by lifting the second break will move forward towards
Nose forward full row of shingles and loosen the nose.
Bend to design extends the glue bond with a putty knife
match pitch approx ¼" past or scraper.
the front edge
½" Zip Screw of gutter
/8" Water Gap
3

SmartClip ®

with screw

54 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 55

GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION

These instructions provide basic information for installing a professional 4. The panel must start at the
gutter protection system on most homes. Many homes will require field beginning of the shingle at the
modification not covered by these instructions for a proper, custom fit. The roof edge. If the gutter comes
guidelines below must be followed for all installations. short of the roof edge, start the
panel so there is about a ¼" gap
1. Start installation at the end between the panel and the gutter
of a gutter run by installing a end cap.
SmartClip® at the end of the
gutter, about 3" from the gutter 5. Lay the panel where it should start
end cap. (Note: Gutters on ‘hip- and mark the spot at the end of
style' roofs wrap around 4 corners the panel where the next panel
in a continuous run. On ‘hip’ will overlap. This is where you will
roofs, begin bracket installation need to place another SmartClip.
about one foot from a corner). There should always be three
SmartClips have a small bottom SmartClips touching each full
hook designed to hook the lip of panel, so you will have to add one
the gutter. clip between the starting clip and
the ‘overlap’ clip, where you made
2. Hold the SmartClip so the top of your mark. This should be placed
the clip is facing you and slide the roughly in the middle of the panel.

GUTTER PROTECTION
bottom hook under the front lip of Screw all the SmartClips in.
the gutter. Then pull up to make
sure the bottom hook is grabbing 6. Now take the panel and slide it
the front lip of the gutter. Now under the 2nd course of shingles,
turn the SmartClip to the side and which you have already loosened,
set it in place inside the gutter, and clip the panel into place.
making sure it is resting on the Make sure the bottom lip of the
bottom of the gutter. panel is secured into the rear
hook of the SmartClip, which will
3. Screw in the preset 3" screw with maintain a uniform, preset gap for
your ¼" driver bit and tighten it water entry.
snug to the back of the gutter.

1/4" Driver

56 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 57

7. Fasten with a color matched ½" 10. Install End Caps. The end caps
zip screw. The screw placement must completely enclose the
should be toward the front of the gutter with no openings at the
panel so the zip screw will bite end or backside of the gutter.
into the thick upper layer of the Hold the appropriate end cap
SmartClip.and slide the bottom against the outside end of your
hook under the front lip of the gutter. Trace the basic shape of
gutter. Then pull up to make sure the gutter onto the end cap with
the bottom hook is grabbing the a pencil. Allow for bending the
front lip of the gutter. Now turn extra end cap material to close
the SmartClip to the side and set it off any openings behind the
in place inside the gutter, making gutter, if necessary. Cut the end
sure it is resting on the bottom of cap to fit snugly inside the gutter
the gutter. Screw in the preset 3" and to conform to the shape of
screw with your ¼" driver bit and the gutter and roofline.
tighten it snug to the back of the
gutter.
IMPORTANT: The gutter
8. Repeat this process until you protection system is designed
come to the end of the gutter run. to be a completely enclosed

GUTTER PROTECTION
system. There should be no
9. As the installation approaches gap or opening other than
the end of a gutter run, there will the factory pre-set water gap
probably be an odd length (less between the front lower edge
than 5 ft.) to cover. There are two and the gutter.
installation options: a. Cut the
panel to fit about 1⁄8" short of the
gutter end cap and install an end 11. Attach the end cap to the
cap. b. If at an outside corner, panel by screwing two ½" zip
cut the panel to wrap around the screws through the end cap
corner and proceed (see Outside flap and panel. The flap may
Corner instructions elsewhere in be positioned above the panel
these instructions). to prevent rain spillover at the
end of a gutter run or under the
panel for a better appearance.

See special instructions for

Perforated Panels, Diverters, Inside
Corners, Outside Corners, etc.

58 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 59

PERFORATED PANELS FASCIA-MOUNT INSTALLATION

Rooflines often form valleys that cause concentrated streams of water Fascia-mount installations are ideal for flat or low-pitched roofs and on shake,
to empty onto the roof over a straight gutter run and upper level gutters slate, metal, or other specialty roofs. Fascia-mounted panels do require
sometimes empty onto the roof above a lower gutter. These conditions additional effort and labor, so be sure to allow extra time.
may cause rainwater to overflow the gutter protection system and can be a
source of callbacks. 1. To make sure the gutter is set in
the right place, set a bracket in the
1. If the heavy flow area can be high end of the gutter. Drop the
identified prior to installation, gutter so the top of the bracket
position and install perforated sets about ¼" below the drip
panels over the problem area by edge. If you have no drip edge
integrating it into the gutter-cover then set the top of the bracket in
run. Be sure to install a bracket the high end of the gutter about 1"
under each end of the perforated below the top of the fascia board.
panel for additional support. Perforated Panel
2. To prepare the panel you must
2. If a heavy flow area is identified have a 5-foot break. Start by
after installation, install perforated measuring 55⁄8" from the back
panels into an already completed NOTE: If possible, upper level of the panel (the end that goes
straight-run by cutting and gutters that empty onto lower under the shingle) and make a
removing the top ribbed section roofs should have the downspout mark with your pencil. Do this at

GUTTER PROTECTION
of the installed panel at the extended into the lower gutter. each end of the panel and draw a
problem area. The nose does not Panels should then be cut to fit line across the back of the panel
have to be removed. around the downspout. connecting the two marks. This
line will be the point at which the
3. Position the perforated panel break is made. Draw another line
into place over the cut-out, ½" closer to the back of the panel
overlapping at least 1" on each (51⁄8" from the back of the panel).
side. Put the panel in the break and
score the second line (closest to
4. Attach the perforated panel to the back of the panel) with a utility
the overlapped panel with ½" knife and break off. Now reset the
zip screws. Be sure to attach the panel in the break and make a 90°
panels under the nose to keep bend along the remaining line on
the water gap open. No additional the panel.
brackets are needed.

DIVERTERS
Diverters are designed to re-direct water flow and are used on inside corner
valleys and other high volume areas to prevent overflow. Cut a small roof
diverter from a scrap panel. This can be used on inside valleys and other high
volume areas.

60 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 61

 INSIDE CORNERS CON'T

3. Insert the brackets the same way 1. Install brackets as near to the
as a standard install (three per corner as possible.
panel with the two on the ends
overlapping with the next panel). 2. Facing the corner, hold the panel
Make sure there is enough room to be installed into place over
above the bracket to fit the ½" the gutter and brackets to the
90° bend of the panel under the right (as if the straight gutter run
drip edge. was to continue past the corner).
When in position, mark the panel
4. Attach the panel to the installed approximately 1" beyond the
brackets and screw a 1½" screw inside gutter lip at the corner.
horizontally through the ½" Cut along this line and install
vertical panel bend and into the this panel with the 1" overhang NOTE: On some homes,
fascia. Use one screw at the extending past the inside lip into overflow may be difficult or
midpoint and another at each the corner. impossible to control.
end.Insert the brackets the same
way as a standard install (three per 3. Move to the left side and cut a
panel with the two on the ends 45° notch into the nose of the
overlapping with the next panel). panel to be installed. The nose
Make sure there is enough room profile of the installed panel to the

GUTTER PROTECTION
above the bracket to fit the ½" right should fit into the 45° notch,
90° bend of the panel under the forming a simple corner. Install
drip edge. this notched panel on the left side
of the corner. Once installed there
5. Attach the panel to the installed will be a pie-shaped opening in
brackets and screw a 1½" screw the valley, but there should be no
horizontally through the ½" gap or space between installed
vertical panel bend and into the panels.
fascia. Use one screw at the
midpoint and another at each 4. Place the valley port over the gap
end. between the two panels and bend
it to fit the contours of the valley.
Secure it into place by screwing it
INSIDE CORNERS to the panels with ½" zip screws
making sure there are no gaps.
On some homes, multiple roof planes come together in a valley to cause
overflow at the inside corner. Factory-engineered inside corner ports are IMPORTANT! DO NOT SCREW
designed to reduce inside corner overflow. INTO THE ROOF VALLEY.

These instructions are written for a right-to-left installation. If installing

left-to-right, reverse any right/left notations.

62 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 63

OUTSIDE CORNERS

Field-engineered corners are designed to continue a straight gutter-cover 3. Move this same panel around to
run around a corner. If the distance from the edge of the last panel installed, the left side of the corner. Hold
to the corner of the run, is 4 ft. or greater (less than 12" of panel left to wrap) the marked panel in place over
do not continue. Instead, cut and install the corner from the center of a full the gutter and installed brackets
five-foot panel and ‘fill the gap’ between the installed corner and the existing (to the left of the corner) so that
run with a cut-to-fit panel. the corner mark (from #2 above)
is positioned approximately
These instructions are written for a right-to-left installation. If installing left-to- ¼" beyond the gutter lip at the
right, reverse any right/left notations. corner. NOTE: The corner mark
indicates where the nose will be
1. Install brackets as near to the bent around the corner. If the line
corner as possible. appears to be in the wrong place,
re-measure and re-mark. When
2. Facing the corner hold the five- in position, place another mark
foot panel to be installed in place on the left upstream edge of the
over the gutter and brackets to panel that is in line with the roof
the right (as if the straight-gutter ridge. Draw a line from the corner
run was to continue past the mark on the nose (same mark as
corner). When in position, mark in #2 above) to the upstream left
the panel just above the nose (½" edge mark (at roof ridge). This line

GUTTER PROTECTION
above the outward-most point) will be the left bend line. Do not
and approximately ¼" beyond bend at this time.
the gutter lip at the corner where
the panel is to be bent around 4. Place a mark on the upstream
the corner. Place a second mark panel edge 6" to the right of the
on the right upstream edge of left bend line from #3 above
the panel at a point that is in line (between the left bend line and
with the roof ridge. Draw a line the right cut line). Draw a line
from the nose corner mark to the between this upstream edge mark
upstream right roof ridge mark and the corner mark on the nose
from the right cut line. Do not cut (from #2 above). This line will be
at this time. the left cut line. When installed,
the right cut line will overlap the
left cut line and align with the left
bend line.

64 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 65

5. The panel will not overlap under 10. Slide the corner under the
the nose, but will form a corner. appropriate ridge-cap shingle
Draw a vertical line from the and attach to the existing panel
corner mark on the nose (from run at the overlap.
#2 above), straight down and
around the lower water drip edge. 11. Attach the corner to the gutter
This line should be perpendicular with brackets.
to both the nose and to the
front and back edges. This is a 12. Proceed around corner with
reference line only. Do not cut. straight runs.

6. Mark a second point along this

vertical reference line just under
the nose, ½" below the outward-
most point of the nose.

7. Measure and mark a point along

the lower drip edge 1¼" on both
sides of the vertical reference line.
Draw a line from both of these

GUTTER PROTECTION
lower edge marks to the point just
below the nose on the vertical
line (#6 above). These lines
should form an angle that will
form a corner when cut.

8. Cut the panel along the marked

cut lines above the nose. Bend
the left panel downward along the
bend line so the panel ‘fits’ over
the ridge.

9. Cut the panel along the lower

cut lines to form a notch, leaving
1" of uncut panel material at the
nose. Bend the panel at the nose
to form the corner, aligning the
upper right cut line with the upper
left bend line along the roof
ridgeline.

66 GUTTER PROTECTION INSTALLATION 67

METAL GUIDELINES
Steel and aluminum both perform well as a roofing accessory material. DISSIMILAR METALS
Galvalume is extremely resistant to corrosion caused by seawater. Exposure
testing, has proven that Galvalume is up to three times more effective in When certain metals are put together, there could be a negative interaction
preventing rust than galvanized steel material. that causes early corrosion that would not occur otherwise. This most
commonly occurs between the metal components themselves and the
Aluminum and steel materials are very lightweight in comparison to other accessories used to secure them to the building (like screws and fasteners).
materials. Aluminum is usually the lightest metal used for roofing accessories.
Its strength-to-weight ratio is among the highest of the “common” metals. Combining different metals on a metal roof system can lead to interactions
This lightness and thinness also mean aluminum roofing material stores that could result in early degradation, staining, and potential failure of a
very little heat and also becomes cool quickly once it stops receiving direct system altogether.
sunlight. Both aluminum and steel are two of the best energy efficient roofing
materials. Both naturally reflect light and emit heat. For example, Aluminum performs best when not in contact with specific
materials, such as copper, bricks, treated lumber, iron, and concrete. If
Aluminum is more malleable than steel, allowing it to be configured into Aluminum is in contact with one of these and is then introduced to an
more complex profiles. However, especially in simpler profiles, you need electrolyte, such as water, it’ll lead to galvanic corrosion of the anode (the
thicker aluminum. Steel inherently has more strength than aluminum, and more active material that has its electrons taken away by the less active
it’s more fire resistant without underlayment. Corrosion-resistant metal material and ultimately leads to corrosion).
flashing in galvanized steel offers long-lasting performance and can withstand
structural movements as the result of settling, expansion and contraction. • Add an insulator between the two materials so they no longer connect.
Aluminum does not have a Class A fire-rating but the system can achieve a Without that connection, the transfer of electrons cannot occur. Well Nuts
Class A rating with the proper underlayment and sheathing. are a commonly used fastener to help separate materials that can suffer
from galvanic corrosion.
If the project is near the ocean and not in hurricane territory, the choice
will probably be aluminum. If you’re out West building a wide-span storage • Use materials with the same potential. Metals with the same corrosion
building and brushfires are a concern, you’ll probably want to go with steel. resistance are typically ok to use together.

• SALTWATER CORROSION: Homes or buildings close to the coast often • If you are in a situation where only one of the materials will come into

GUIDELINES
don’t qualify for substrate or paint warranties because of saltwater’s contact with an electrolyte then transfer of electrons will not occur.
effect on metal. There are types of metals that work better in coastal
environments, includingGalvalume consisting of aluminum, zinc and • If there is a coating on the cathode it can prevent the transfer through
silicon, but there is no guarantee it will last as long as a roof where there increased resistance.
is no threat of saltwater. Make sure to read and analyze the warranty or
product specs thoroughly to determine if you’re in a location that could be • Consider your environment before installing. Choose materials that will
subject to premature corrosion. work for your environment.

• PREVENTING FLAME EXPOSURE: Metal flashings are common for • Coat or paint your assembly (completely) so that the electrolyte cannot
moisture prevention efforts, but it is also found that steel flashing, make contact with the materials
particularly drip edge, to be very effective in preventing flame exposure or
ember intrusion along the exposed edge of the combustible roof decking • Use neoprene EPDM or bonding washers as a barrier in between the
under the shingles of roofing material. metals.

68 METAL GUIDELINES 69
ROOFING GUIDELINES
GETTING STARTED • As the work proceeds, keep the REMEMBER
deck clear of unnecessary debris Safe roofing is no accident!
PREPARING FOR THE JOB to avoid tripping hazards.

At all times workers should follow safe work practices that help prevent • Always use the proper tools for
dangerous conditions and possible accidents. each segment of the work.

All local building codes and city ordinances should be investigated and
complied with. TOOLS
SAFETY Whether on a new construction or a re-roofing job, applicators require a
number of basic tools to ensure efficient and accurate application of asphalt
The best form of accident insurance is accident prevention. Therefore, roofing materials.
inspect each job site before the work begins for possible hazards such
as overhead electrical lines or unstable ground conditions that might not • FOLDING TAPE MEASURE – for • FLAT SHOVEL – for removing
adequately support ladders or scaffolding. Bring any potentially hazardous making measurements that will be shingles on re-roofing applications
conditions to the attention of all workers before the job begins. required for an accurate and neat when existing shingles are
installation. so deteriorated they must be
Adhere to OSHA safety standards and observe the following general removed to repair the deck or
precautions: • CHALK – for snapping chalk lines comply with code requirements.
that will be used to guide the
• Wear footwear that provides good • Extension ladders should have installation and align the materials • HAMMER, PNEUMATIC GUN
traction such as rubber-soled proper locking devices and be over the roof surface. OR ROOFER’S HATCHET – for
shoes with good ankle support. in good condition. Place the all nailing that will be required.
ladders at safe angles on stable • ROOFING KNIFE – for cutting, A hatchet may also be used for
• Proper eye protection should be foundations and properly secure shaping and fitting the various aligning shingles.
worn. them to prevent movement. materials for an accurate, tight-

GUIDELINES
Ladders must extend past fitting installation. • POWER NAILERS AND STAPLERS
• Do not attempt to work in bad the edge of the roof by 3 ft. – pneumatic nailers and staplers
weather or on wet roof decks. minimum. • PUTTY KNIFE, POINTED TROWEL are designed for a wide variety
OR BRUSH – for applying asphalt of applications. Not all are
• Do not touch wires crossing • Brace ladders used on the roof cements of various viscosities. appropriate for the application
over the roof. If cranes are used deck to the roof structure. Avoid of roofing shingles. Use only a
to raise materials, be sure the leaning away from a ladder to • CAULKING GUN – for applying tool specifically designed by the
operator is aware of overhead work. Move the ladder as required continuous beads of asphalt manufacturer for roofing. It is
power lines or other wires. Keep to follow the work. cement. built to withstand the abrasive
metal ladders away from power
nature of roofing material and has
lines. • Do not concentrate bundles • BROOM – for cleaning up features to speed and facilitate the
or rolls of roofing on the deck. after the completed roofing roofing material application.
• Ropes should be used to secure Distribute them over the entire application.
ladders and scaffolding and used roof surface to spread the load
as safety lines for personnel. evenly. • CHISEL AND SAW – for replacing
or repairing damaged decking.

70 GETTING STARTED 71
IMPORTANT FACTORS BEFORE
SHINGLE APPLICATION
There are a number of key areas that should be considered before starting NAILING
the roofing project.
Proper nails and nailing techniques
are important to ensure a sound roof
PREPARING THE DECK PROPER VENTILATION
installation.
A good roof demands a good roof Ventilation is essential to the roof’s
The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers
structure. The entire underlying performance. Air must be able
Association and the National Roofing
structure must ensure a rigid to circulate freely under the roof
Contractor’s Association agree
deck surface that will not shift, deck to take away water vapor
that you will probably have fewer
sag or move under the weight of before it can condense and cause
fastening problems when you use
anticipated loads. The roof deck moisture problems. Problems with
nails than you will if you use staples.
materials must be installed correctly roof leakage often result from
In fact, most building codes do not
and be free from excessive knots, condensation that is due to poor
even permit the use of staples to
warping or resinous areas. All roof ventilation. Effective ventilation in
fasten asphalt shingles.
decking materials (including type, the attic space or under-roof area
grade, thickness and installation) can eliminate these problems.
MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS
must conform to all building code
requirements. Not all shingles, or application
For further details, see the procedures, are the same. For
EFFECTIVE DRAINAGE
section on The Need for optimum performance from
Ventilation (page 24). any roofing product, be sure to
The roof has an important job to do:
read and follow all specifications
shedding water. The main roof plus
and directions provided by the
the junctions and breaks created by
manufacturer. Not adhering to
dormers, gables, wings, vents and
manufacturer’s directions could
chimneys are all part of this critical
result in improper application

GUIDELINES
function. Careful attention must be
which could compromise the
given to these breaks to make sure
performance of the roof or void the
they are protected by flashings that
manufacturer’s warranty.
are watertight and allow proper
water shedding. For effective
drainage, you need corrosion-
resistant drip edges at the rakes
For further details, see the
and eaves and proper gutter and
section on How to Install
downspout placement.
Shingles: Correct Fastening
(page 82).

72 GETTING STARTED 73
HOW TO PREPARE THE ROOF
DECK (UNDERLAYMENT)
SHINGLE UNDERLAYMENT ICE AND WATER SHIELD

On slopes below 4/12, down to 2/12, the risk of leaks is great, caused by An entirely different product that’s used in locations such as eaves and valleys
phenomena like wind-driven rain and capillary action that can make water that are most likely to leak under extreme conditions such as high winds,
flow uphill, or by the backup of water behind ice dams. heavy rains and ice dams.

To reduce this risk, a redundant system – called shingle underlayment by its Ice and water shield is a long-lasting, self-sticking modified asphalt on a glass
manufacturers – is applied beneath the shingles. Shingle underlayment, also mat reinforcement. In all cases the product must be applied to a clean dry
known as tar paper and roofing felt, is a roll product applied over the roof roof deck. Ice and water shield is not destroyed when nails are driven through
deck before the shingles are installed. it because it seals around nails as they are driven.

On the other hand, not all shingle underlayment is the same. There are two It is designed to seal the roof and prevent water from getting inside a building
critically different grades: water-resistant and waterproof. due to ice dams and/or wind-driven rain.

WATER-RESISTANT UNDERLAYMENT On low slopes where the risk is water running uphill, or in valleys where
blockage from storm debris or ice dams can cause trouble, ice and water
Invented to keep the roof decking dry until shingles could be applied. shield is reliable insurance against leaks when used according to the
Applying this underlayment is called “drying-in the roof.” It was also useful manufacturers’ instructions.
as a separation sheet between the roof sheathing boards and the asphalt
shingles before OSB and plywood sheets were used as roof decking. This
separation was important because direct contact with resin pockets in the Seals around penetration
pine planks caused the asphalt to degrade prematurely.
Ice and Water Shield
Intact water-resistant underlayment sheds most of the water that falls
on it, but its water resistance is temporary. As the sun degrades the

GUIDELINES
exposed asphalt, the material begins to dry out, absorb more moisture,
lose its strength and eventually tear. The less asphalt used to saturate the
underlayment sheet during manufacture, the shorter its life. Since asphalt
is the most expensive component of shingle underlayment, lower-priced
materials have less asphalt and a shorter life when exposed to the sun and Deck
are also subject to severe wrinkling when wet or even just damp.

Water-resistant shingle underlayment is not warranted by the manufacturer. Ice and water shield seals around fasteners.
Much of its water resistance is destroyed during the installation of the
shingles by driving hundreds of nails through it. Until recently, only two
grades of water-resistant underlayment have been available: Number 15
(standard) and Number 30 (heavy-duty).

74 PREPARING THE ROOF DECK 75

 HOW TO INSTALL THE SHINGLE UNDERLAYMENT

WHERE IS ICE AND WATERSHIELD USED? Once the deck has been prepared and is dry, cover it with a non-perforated
asphalt-saturated underlayment felt that complies with building standards and
Ice and water shield can be used on both new or existing decks. It is installed local codes.
beneath shingles, slate, tile, cedar shakes, or metal roofing. Ice and water
shield is easy to apply and an excellent underlayment for low-slope shingle If there are valleys:
applications. It is commonly used to protect against water backup caused by
ice dams at the roof eaves. It is also used in critical areas such as concealed 1. Run a 36" wide centered strip of underlayment up each valley.
flashing around roof penetrations and on rakes. In addition, ice and water
shield is very useful on roofs exposed to occasional high winds where wind- 2. Secure it 1" from felt edge with just enough nails to hold in place.
driven rain can penetrate beneath shingles.
3. If two or more strips of underlayment are needed to cover the entire valley
length, overlap the upper piece 12" over the lower and bond it with asphalt
plastic cement.
Beneath Shingles in Valleys

To Roof Rakes 36" wide underlayment or self-adhered

Eave-and-Flashing Membrane
Deck
To Roof Eaves
On Low-pitched Roof Slopes
As Concealed Flashing (between 2/12 and 4/12)
around Roof Penetrations

6" End Lap

GUIDELINES
Valley Centerline
Non-perforated
Asphalt-Saturated Felt

Secure with minimum

number of nails

2" Top Lap

Ice and water shield’s many uses.

76 PREPARING THE ROOF DECK 77

4. With underlayments ready, begin to install the horizontal courses of EAVES UNDERLAYMENT
underlayment felt parallel to the eaves. Lap each course at least 2" over the
underlying one (according to manufacturer’s instructions). Secure felt with Ice dams are created as the result of continual thawing of snow over the
only enough nails to hold. If two or more pieces are needed to continue warmer sections of the roof and then refreezing over the cold eave.
the course, lap ends at least 4".
Ice along the eaves can cause considerable damage, making water and slush
5. End laps in a succeeding course should be located 6 ft. or more from the back up under the exposed roof material and causing structural damage.
end laps of the preceding course. Lap felt a minimum of 6" from both sides Eaves flashing is recommended when applying roofing material to this
over hips, ridges and any valley underlayments. vulnerable area to help prevent water penetration.

6. Where roof meets a vertical surface, continue the underlayment at least 4" In climates where icing on the eaves in expected or where the average
up the surface. January temperature is 25°F or less, eaves flashing must be installed to
protect against ice dam damage. The selection of flashing material and the
7. After installing underlayment, cover with shingles as soon as practical. width of the flashing will depend on the roof slope and the severity of ice
dams anticipated.

Eaves flashing is also recommended in areas where leaves or pine needles

Non-perforated, are likely to accumulate in gutters, resulting in water backup.
Asphalt-Saturated
Deck Underlayment
Drip Edge at rake Self-adhered eave and flashing membranes also work well on hips, ridges,
applied over flashing and valleys as well as around skylights, dormers and chimneys. Bear
underlayment in mind that most eaves flashing materials are vapor retarders, so they should
not be used beyond recommended areas without proper ventilation. A lack
of proper ventilation in these cases will result in the possibility of water vapor
condensation under the roof deck.

GUIDELINES
Drip Edge at eaves
applied directly
to deck

2" Top Lap 4" End Lap

78 PREPARING THE ROOF DECK 79

HOW TO INSTALL EAVES UNDERLAYMENT HOW TO PREPARE VALLEY UNDERLAYMENT
(ICE DAM MEMBRANES) Where two sloping roof planes meet, a valley is formed. These sloping planes
direct water toward the valley, concentrating the drainage along the joint
1. Apply a strip of self-adhered, eave-and-flashing membrane that complies
making it susceptible to leakage. That’s why flashing is very important along
with current building standards directly to the deck to prevent water
valley joints to ensure efficient drainage and prevent water leakage.
penetration.
1. Use roll roofing and center a minimum 36" wide strip over the valley
2. The membrane width should be able to extend up the roof from the eaves
underlayment.
to at least 24" inside the interior wall line. If it’s not wide enough, overlap
another membrane strip by at least 2", ensuring the lap joint is on the
2. Secure 1" from edges with only enough nails to hold it in place.
eave-side of the wall line. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for
installation. 3. If two or more strips of roll roofing are needed to cover the valley length,
lap the upper piece 12" over the lower, and bond with asphalt plastic
3. For extra protection in heavy snow areas, you may have to extend the
cement.
membrane to a point 36" inside the wall line.
The valley is completed during shingling.
4. Most self-adhered membranes are vapor retarders, so they should
not be used beyond the recommended area without careful attention
to ventilation needs. Lack of ventilation can result in water vapor Valley Centerline
condensation under the roof deck.

Underlayment Deck
Drip Edge 36" wide 50# roll
roofing or heavier

GUIDELINES
Drip Edge
Self-adhered Eave-
and-Flashing
Membrane Nail 1"
from edge
Nails
Eave-and-Flashing
Membrane applied to
a point at least 24"
beyond interior wall line
Flashing membrane overhangs
Wall Line drip edge 1/4" to 3/4"
Minimum 2" top lap to eave-side
of wall line, if required

80 PREPARING THE ROOF DECK 81

HOW TO INSTALL
SHINGLES FOR NEW • Nailing locations vary by shingle and by roof slope. It is critical to fasten the
ROOF CONSTRUCTION shingles in the proper locations in order to achieve designed performance.
Improperly fastened shingles may blow off or slip out of place. The use of
asphalt roofing cement in small quarter-size dabs to hold the shingle down
CORRECT FASTENING is required on most shingles when applied to steep slopes exceeding 21/12
(60"). Consult individual shingle application instructions for details on the
General fastening guidelines above, including fastening points.

• Proper placement of fasteners is important for shingle performance and • The shape of a shingle also makes a difference.
warranty protection. Ideally, placement of fasteners should be as specified
according to the precise locations shown for each shingle. However, in
practice some variation (dimensional tolerance) is acceptable. 36"
• When fastening a typical three-tab, strip-type shingle, it is required that at
self-sealing strip
least four fasteners be used.
12" 5
/8"
• Nails are preferred over staples. nail 5"
locations
IMPORTANT: For decks ¾" (19 mm) thick or thicker, nails must go at least ¾" 1" 11" 12" 11" 1"
(19 mm) into the deck. On thinner decks, nails must go at least 1⁄8" (3.2 mm)
through the deck. Nail locations for three tab single
strip (normal weather conditions).
• Nail shanks must be either 11- or 12-gauge roofing nails, corrosion-
resistant, with at least 3⁄8" (9.5 mm) heads, and at least 1" (25 mm) long.

• Nail head diameter must be at least 3⁄8". 36"

GUIDELINES
• All nails must be corrosion-resistant; for example, double-dipped self-sealing strip
galvanized steel, aluminum, copper, or stainless steel. 12" 5
/8"
nail 5 5/8"
• Nails with a barbed or rough shank are recommended. Smooth pneumatic locations
nails are acceptable, but have been blamed for nail pops by some 10" 1" 1" 11" 10" 1"
installers. 1" 1" 1"

Nail locations for three tab single strip

in high wind regions (6 nail-method).

82 SHINGLE INSTALLATION 83
 Decking SHINGLE APPLICATION
3
/8" min. diameter Asphalt Shingles
While the general application procedures for all asphalt strip shingles are
¾" min. essentially the same, differences do exist in applying the first shingle in
½" ¼" min.
each course and, depending upon the number of cutouts in the strip, in
fastening the shingles. Thus, it is necessary to study and follow the shingle
1 2 3 4 manufacturer’s application directions as printed on the shingle bundle
Straight, good Underdriven: Overdriven: Crooked: wrapper.
penetration and flush inadequate deck too deep, inadequate
with shingle surface penetration cuts into shingle anchorage
1. Before beginning to apply shingles, check that all chimneys are completed
Properly Driven Improperly Driven
and all vent pipes, soil stacks and ventilators are in place. Also make
provisions for the additional flashings that will be required as the shingles
Proper and improper application of roofing nails. are applied such as those around chimneys and stacks and at vertical wall
joints.
• Nail shanks must be long enough • If a nail is underdriven, be sure
to penetrate the roofing and then that it is hammered down flush. 2. If a roof surface is broken by a dormer or valley, start applying the shingles
go ¾" into solid wood, plywood from a rake and work toward the break. If the surface is unbroken, start
or non-veneer wood decking, • Seal overdriven nails with asphalt at the rake that is most visible. If both rakes are equally visible, start at the
or through the thickness of the roofing cement and install center and work both ways. On hip roofs, start at the center and work both
decking, whichever is less. another nail nearby. ways.

• Be sure fasteners are driven • Crooked nail heads should be 3. No matter where the application begins, apply the shingles across and
straight, with nail heads flush with flattened with a hammer. diagonally up the roof. This will ensure that each shingle is fastened
the shingle surface and never properly. Straight-up application or “racking” may result in less than the
cutting into the shingle. • Fasteners must not be exposed; recommended number of nails being used because of the manner in
i.e. visible on the finished roof. which the shingles have to be applied. “Racking” requires that part of the
• Fasteners should not go into, shingles in some courses be placed under those already applied in the
above, or between the self-sealing • To prevent shingle distortion, do course above. Because part of the shingle is hidden, it may be overlooked
strips. If they do, the shingles may not attempt to realign a shingle when the shingle is fastened. With a diagonal application up the roof, each
not seal properly and will be more by shifting the free end after two shingle is completely visible until covered by the course above. “Racking”
likely to blow off. fasteners are in place.

GUIDELINES
may accentuate shading tendencies.

USING PNEUMATIC GUNS

Pneumatic nail guns are widely used. However, in cold weather it can be NOTE: The release tape found on the reverse side of the shingles
difficult to keep the pressure properly regulated to drive the nail correctly prevents the shingles from sticking together in the package. It should not
(flush with the shingle surface). With improper pressure, nails can be driven be removed during application.
completely through shingles or underdriven. For this reason, many roofers
switch to hand-nailing during cold weather.

In addition to cold weather, numerous factors can affect the air pressure
of pneumatic guns; such as temperature changes throughout the day, the
number of guns per air compressor, the length of the air hose, etc. It is
advisable for installers to periodically check the air pressure and adjust it as
necessary for these factors, as well as for the thickness of the roof deck and
the particular shingles being installed.

84 SHINGLE INSTALLATION 85
STARTER STRIP
The starter strip may be either a row of shingles trimmed to the shingle
manufacturer’s recommendations or a strip of mineral-surfaced roll roofing
4. Position the fasteners so that they FIRST AND SUCCEEDING COURSES
at least 7" wide. The starter strip protects the roof by filling in the spaces
will not be exposed under the
under the cutouts and joints of the first course of shingles. It should
cutouts in the first course. 1. The first course is the most
overhang the eaves and rake edges by ¼" to ¾".
critical. Be sure it is laid perfectly
5. If shingles without a self-sealing straight, checking regularly during
Where the drip edge extends out from the eaves and rakes, the shingles may
adhesive are used for the starter application against a horizontal
be cut flush with the drip edge.
strip, remove the tab portion of chalk line. A few vertical chalk
each shingle and position the lines aligned with the ends of
36" (915 mm) remaining strip along the eaves. shingles in the first course will
Full Length
ensure proper alignment of
7" (180 mm) 6. If roll roofing is used for the starter cutouts.
Starter Shingle
strip, nail along a line 3" to 4"
above the eaves. Space the nails 2. If applying three-tab shingles
Remove these portions
12" apart. This will ensure that or if using roll roofing for the
the cutouts of the first course of starter strip, bond the tabs of
1. If self-sealing shingles are used 2. Trim at least 3" from the end of shingles are not placed over the each shingle in the first course
for the starter strip, remove the the first shingle in the starter strip. starter strip joints. to the starter strip by placing a
tab portion of each shingle and spot of asphalt plastic cement –
position the remaining strip with 3. Fasten starter strips parallel to the SHINGLE STARTER conforming to a standard such
the factory-applied adhesive face eaves along a line 3" to 4" above as ASTM D-4586, Type II – about
up along the eaves. the eaves. Shingle starter saves time and the size of a quarter on the starter
ensures a clean look strip beneath each tab corner.
Then press the tabs firmly into
This self-adhesive product creates a the cement. Avoid excessive use
Asphalt-Saturated Deck
Felt Underlayment Eaves Flashing. weathertight starter strip. It seals to of cement as this may cause
Asphalt-Saturated the roof deck and the first course blistering and/or shingle slippage.
Felt or Specialty Eaves of shingles, providing cleaner lines

GUIDELINES
Flashing (if applicable) and a more professional look. It 3. The first course starts with a full
Drip Edge
eliminates 66 seams from the shingle while succeeding courses
Drip Edge average roof! start with portions removed
according to the style of shingle
being applied and the pattern
Fasteners located desired. Do not discard the pieces
3" to 4" from eaves cut from the first shingle in each
course. If full tabs, they may be
useful for finishing the opposite
Adjacent strips end of the course and for hip
are full length ridge shingles.
Self-sealing adhesive Save time and labor and get a
Start 1st strip positioned along eaves clean look with Quality Edge
with 3" removed Starter strips overhang Shingle Starter.
eaves and rakes 1/4" to 3/4"

86 SHINGLE INSTALLATION 87
HOW TO INSTALL 3 TAB SHINGLES

To obtain the correct exposure for square-tab strip shingles, align the butts 5-INCH METHOD
with the top of the cutouts in the course below. Install no-cutout shingles
and those with variable butt lines according to the manufacturer’s directions With this method of application, first course begins with a full shingle. The
to obtain correct exposure. second through seventh courses have an additional 5" removed from the
first shingle in each course; i.e. the second course starts with 5" removed
There are three different offset methods of applying three-tab strip shingles: from the first shingle, the third course with 10" removed from the first shingle
the 6-inch method, 5-inch method and 4-inch method. These methods and so on through the seventh course which has 30" removed from the first
correspond to the additional amount removed from the first shingle in each shingle.
successive course to obtain a desired pattern. By removing different amounts
from the first shingle, cutouts in one course of shingles do not line up directly Adjacent shingles in each course are full length. Proceed with additional
with those of the course below. courses to continue the 5" offset pattern. One method calls for starting the
eighth course with 11" removed from the first shingle.
6-INCH METHOD
NOTE: The eighth course does
This method starts each succeeding course after the first and up to the sixth
not begin with a shingle that
with a shingle from which an additional 6" has been removed. Thus, the first
has 35" removed because the
course starts with a full length shingle.
remaining 1" width does not lend
itself to proper fastening.
The second course then starts with a shingle that has 6" removed and so on
through the sixth course which starts with a shingle that has 30" removed.

Adjacent shingles in each course are all full length. The seventh course again
starts with a full length shingle and the pattern is repeated every sixth course. Underlayment Applying Strip Shingles on
New Construction Deck
Drip Edge
Deck
Underlayment Self-sealing

GUIDELINES
adhesive
5" exposure

5" exposure Drip Edge

Starter Strip
Drip Edge
Drip Edge
Self-sealing Start 3rd course Shingles overhang
Starter Strip with 10" removed
adhesive drip edge 1/4" to 3/4"
Start 3rd course Start 1st course
Shingles overhang with full shingle
with 12" removed drip edge 1/4" to 3/4" Start 2nd course
with 5" removed
Start 1st course
Start 2nd course with full shingle
with 6" removed Application of shingles using the 5-inch method.
Application of shingles using the 6-inch method.

88 3 TAB SHINGLE INSTALLATION 89

 HOW TO INSTALL HIPS AND RIDGES

4-INCH METHOD 1. Apply shingles up to a hip or ridge from both sides of the roof before
finishing the intersection. To facilitate finishing, adjust the last few courses
For the 4-inch method, start the first course with a full shingle. Start the so that the ridge capping will adequately cover the top courses of shingles
second course with 4" removed from the first shingle, the third course with equally on both sides of the ridge.
8" removed, the fourth with 12" removed and so on through the ninth course
which has 32" removed from the first shingle. 2. Some manufacturers supply special hip and ridge shingles and specify how
they should be applied. Hip and ridge shingles also may be made from 12"
Adjacent shingles in each course begins with a full length shingle and the x 36" strip shingles used to cover the roof. Cut the strip shingles down to
pattern is repeated every ninth course. 12" x 12" on three-tab shingles or to a minimum of 9" x 12" on two-tab or
no-cutout shingles. Taper the lap portion of each cap shingle slightly so
that it is narrower than the exposed portion. This produces a neater job.
CAUTION: Never use an
alignment system where
shingle joints are closer than Cut along dotted line,
4" to one another. tapering top portion slightly

12"
Underlayment Deck
Drip Edge
12" 12" 12"
Self-sealing Fabrication of hip and ridge shingles
adhesive 5" exposure from three-tab strip shingles.

Drip Edge

GUIDELINES
Starter Strip
Start 3rd course Shingles overhang
with 8" removed drip edge 1/4" to 3/4"
Start 1st course
Start 2nd course with full shingle
with 4" removed

Application of shingles using the 4-inch method.

90 3 TAB SHINGLE INSTALLATION HIP AND RIDGE INSTALLATION 91

 HOW TO INSTALL METRIC SHINGLES

3. To apply the ridge shingles, bend each shingle along the centerline so that Install on new roofs and tear-offs using the following methods:
it will extend an equal distance on each side of the hip or ridge. Chalk lines
may assist in proper alignment. In cold weather, warm the shingle until it is • SEVEN-COURSE, 55⁄8" stepped-off diagonal method (random 55⁄8" method)
pliable before bending.
• EIGHT-COURSE, 55⁄8", stepped-off diagonal method.
4. Apply the shingles with a 5" exposure, beginning at the bottom of the hip
or from the end of the ridge opposite the direction of the prevailing winds.
SEVEN-COURSE
5. Secure each shingle with one fastener on each side, 5½" back from the
exposed end and 1" up from the edge. Length of fastener for hip and ridge PREPARING THE DECK
shingles should be ¼" longer than recommended for shingles.
1. Apply underlayment as required. A layer of shingle underlayment should
be applied. For UL fire rating, underlayment is generally required. Apply flat
Direction of prevailing wind and unwrinkled.

2. Snap horizontal and vertical chalk lines to assure shingles will be correctly
Start Here 5" exposure aligned. Expose all shingles 55⁄8" (141 mm).

STARTER COURSE

Application of hip 1. Use Quality Edge Starter (7.2" x 33.5") or a starter course consisting of the
and ridge shingles. shingles from which the lower tabs have been removed. Remember, the
evailing wind
sealant on starter courses should lay as close as possible to the eaves edge
of the roof.
sure
2. Next, cut half of a tab off the length of the first starter-course shingle.
Start Here 5" exposure
Install this shingle on the lower left corner of the roof. Make sure there is

GUIDELINES
½" left overhanging both rakes and eaves if drip edge is being used. If you
are not using drip edge, make the overhang ¾".

3. Continue with full-length starter course shingles along the eaves.

393/8" (1000 mm)

Full Length
5" Start Here 5" exposure
Starter Shingle

Remove these portions

Make starter shingles by removing the lower tabs.

Fastener location of hip and ridge shingles.

92 HIP AND RIDGE INSTALLATION METRIC SHINGLE INSTALLATION 93

1ST COURSE 2. Cut 11¼" off the first shingle of EIGHT-COURSE
the third course, 167⁄8" off the first
Apply a full shingle at the lower left shingle of the fourth course, 22½" STARTER COURSE 2ND TO 8TH COURSE
corner of the roof. Make tabs lie off the first shingle on the fifth
flush with the edges of the starter course, 281⁄8" off the first shingle 1. Use Quality Edge Starter 1. Begin the second course by
course. In this way, sealant on the of the sixth course, and 33¾" off (7.2" x 33.5") or a starter course cutting 5" off the left end of a
starter strip will adhere to the first- the first shingle of the seventh consisting of the shingles from shingle and applying the 343⁄8"
course tabs and help keep them course. Apply each with its left which the lower tabs have been piece over the first-course shingle,
from lifting in high winds. edge in line with the previous removed. Remember, the sealant flush with the left edge of the first-
course. on starter courses should lay as course shingle, and exposing the
2ND THROUGH 7TH COURSES close as possible to the eaves first course 55⁄8".
3. Install full shingles flush against edge of the roof.
1. Cut 55⁄8" off the left side of a the seven applied courses. 2. Each succeeding course, up to
shingle and install this 33¾" piece 2. Cut 3" off the length of the first and including the eighth course,
over and above the first-course SUCCEEDING COURSES starter strip and apply at the lower should start with a shingle 5"
shingle, in line with the left edge left corner of the roof. This starter shorter (off the left end) than the
of the starter course. As you go up the rake, repeat the strip should overhang the rakes previous course. Expose each
same pattern used to start the first and eaves ½" when drip edge is course 55⁄8". This completes
seven courses. Finish the courses used, or ¾" when no drip edge “Section I”.
with full shingles, working from the is used.
eaves up the roof. 3. Install “Section II” using full
Ridge
3. Continue with full-length starter shingles against the eight courses
e ck course shingles along the eaves. in “Section I”. This must be done
Roof D before continuing with course
1ST COURSE nine. These “Section II” shingles
are to be butted-up against the
Begin “Section I” by applying a full “Section I” shingles.
ent
l rlaym shingle at the lower left corner of
Meta Unde the roof, tabs flush with the starter
Drip e Lap
SUCCEEDING COURSES
Edg m) Side 4" course.
2" (50 m mm)

GUIDELINES
ns 1 " (100 ap Repeat the above two-part
ese portio 11 /4 7 8" End
L
ve th 16 / " procedure up the roof. Complete
Remo 22 /
1 2
1 8"
ours
e 28 / 3 4" gle
courses across the roof using full
7th C e 33 / ull Shin 8th Course
C ours F e shingles.
6 t h ours
urse er C
5th C o Start
ours
e 35" off
4th C 30" off 7th
C o urse
3rd se 6th Section II
Cour 55 /8" 25" off
2nd e
o rs
u 20" off 5th
1st C Applying the first 7 courses
15" off 4th Roof Deck
on a standard slope. 3rd
10" off
5" off Section I 2nd 5 5/8"
Starter
0" off 1st Course 5 5/8"
IMPORTANT: Do not align end joints of a given course closer than 55⁄8"
from one another, and they must be at least 3" from the nails on the
Eaves Eight-Course, Five-Inch,
underlaying course.
Stepped-Off Diagonal Method.

94 METRIC SHINGLE INSTALLATION 95

HOW TO FLASH SOIL STACKS AND VENT PIPES
Practically all homes have circular vent pipes or ventilators projecting through
the roof. 4. After flashing is in place, continue applying the shingles. Cut the
shingles in the succeeding courses to fit around the pipe, and embed
them in asphalt roofing cement where they overlap the flashing flange.
1. Before installing the flashing,
The completed installation should appear with the lower part of the
bring the shingles up to the vent
flange overlapping the lower shingles, and the side and upper shingles
pipe.
overlapping the flange.
2. Cut a hole in the shingle that will Underlayment
go over the pipe and install the
shingle, setting it in asphalt plastic Ice and water shield
Upper and side shingles overlap flange
cement. and are set in asphalt roofing cement

3. Next, place a preformed flashing

flange, sized to fit snugly over the
pipe, over the vent pipe and set
it in asphalt roofing cement. Be Shingle cut to fit
sure the flange is seated squarely over pipe and set in
asphalt roofing cement
on the roof.
Cutting shingle to fit
around vent pipe.

Bead of asphalt roofing

cement between pipe
Preformed flange and flange
placed over pipe Lower part of flange
and set in asphalt overlaps lower shingles

GUIDELINES
roofing cement
Applying shingles around flange.

Follow the same procedure where a ventilator or exhaust stack is located. If

the ventilator, exhaust stack, or soil pipe is near a ridge, bring the shingles up
to the protrusion from both sides and bend the flashing flange over the ridge
to lie in both roof planes, overlapping the roof shingles at all points. Ridge
shingles are then positioned to cover the flange. Embed the ridge shingles in
asphalt roofing cement where they overlap the flange.

Flexible neoprene boots are also commonly used to flash around vent pipes.
Placement of flange over vent pipe.

96 SOIL STACK AND VENT PIPE FLASHING 97

APPENDIX
Dormer
Ridge Gutter
COMMON ROOFING TERMS Vent
There are many different terms used throughout the U.S. to describe the Gable
same roofing components. This Roofer’s Guide uses the most common Sidewall
roofing terms. Here are a few descriptions and definitions to clarify common Rake
terms. Eave
Fascia Frontwall/
and Soffit Porch
Hip
THE GABLE ROOF THE SHED ROOF
The most common type of roof. With a single roof plane.
Valley

SLOPE AND PITCH HOW TO DETERMINE

These measure the steepness of the
THE ROOF’S SLOPE
roof plane.
THE HIP ROOF THE GAMBREL ROOF Slope = Rise (inches) ÷ Run (in feet)
Features four sides. A variation of the Mansard roof. THE SLOPE = The ratio of the roof’s
1. Determine the rise in inches.
rise in inches to the
8 ft. x 12" = 96" of rise
roof’s horizontal run
in feet.
2. Determine the run in feet.
½ of span = Run
THE PITCH = The ratio of the roof’s
24 ft. ÷ 2 = 12 ft
rise to the roof’s span.
3. Divide rise by run.
THE MANSARD ROOF CONTEMPORARY ROOFS The most common use in the field is
96 ÷ 12 = 8
An almost vertical wall ties into Here, roof planes drop off to open the roof’s slope.
another roof plane. space. 4. This is your slope 8"/12".

APPENDIX
Rise 8' (96")
Run 12'
Span 24'

98 99
CONTACTS
Helping you stay in touch with the PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS International Remodeling Roofing Industry
latest information in your area. & RESEARCH CENTERS Contractors Association Educational Institute
17 South Main Street 14 Inverness Drive East
Here are just a few of the American Society East Granby, CT 06026 Building H, Suite 110
organizations that provide valuable for Testing and Materials 800-937-4722 Englewood, CO 80112
information to answer your roofing, 100 Barr Harbor Drive www.remodelingassociation.com 303-790-7200
ventilation and building codes West Conshohocken, PA 19428 www.rieiroof@aol.com
questions in the United States 610-832-9500  AHB Remodelers Council
N
and Canada. www.astm.org 1201 15th Street, NW IN CANADA:
Washington, DC 20005
Quality Edge Asphalt Roofing 202-822-0212 Canadian Roofing
550 3 Mile Rd. NW Manufacturers Association Contractors Association
Suite E 4041 Powder Mill Road National Association of the 2430 Don Reid Drive, Suite 100
Walker, MI 49544 Suite 404 Remodeling Industry Ottawa, ON K1H 1E1
888-784-0878 Calverton, MD 20704-3106 3800 North Fairfax Drive 800-461-2722
www.qualityedge.com 301-231-9050 Suite 2 www.roofingcanada.com
www.asphaltroofing.org Arlington, VA 22203-1627
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE 703-276-7600
ORGANIZATIONS Construction Specifications www.ebtech.com
Institute
Building Officials and Code 601 Madison Street National Roofing
Administrators International Alexandria, VA 22314 Contractors Association
4051 West Flossmoor Road 703-684-0300 10255 West Higgins Road
Country Club Hills www.csinet.org Suite 600
Illinois 60478-5795 Rosemont, IL 60018-5607
800-214-4321 Council of American 847-299-9070
www.bocai.org Building Officials www.roofonline.org
Northcentral Technical College
International Conference 1000 Campus Drive Roof Consultants Institute
of Building Officials Wausau, WI 54401-1899 1500 Sunday Drive, Suite 204
5360 Workman Mill Road 715-675-3331 Raleigh, NC 27607
Whittier, California 90601-2298 www.northcentral.tech.wi.us 1-800-828-1902
800-284-4406 Member Services
www.icbo.org Home Ventilating Institute www.rci-online.org
1000 North Rand Road

APPENDIX
 outhern Building Code Congress
S Suite 214 Roofing Industry Committee
International, Inc. Wauconda, IL 60084 of Wind Issues
900 Montclair Road 847-526-2010 13303 U.S. 19N
Birmingham www.hvi.org Clearwater, FL 34624
Alabama 35213-1206 813-536-0456
205-591-1853
www.sbcci.org

100 101
102 NOTES 103
 GAINING THE EDGE
ON THE ROOFING MARKET

888.784.0878​
QualityEdge.com

550 3 Mile Rd. NW

Suite E
Walker, MI 49544 INTROOFG0922