Student Name :- Amogh Borgave

Registration No. :- 24AMCO2121010

Roll No. :- FA10

Subject Name :- DATA VISUALIZATION

Subject Code :- 24PEMEP201

Sr. No. Name of Assignments
Getting Started: Tableau workspace, Tableau terminologies, Basic
1
functionality
Data source Connection: Connecting to database and different
2
tableau joins
Creating a view: formatting charts, adding filters, creating
3
calculated fields and determine parameters.
Dashboard designing and storytelling- Components of
4 dashboards, how to place worksheet in the containers, action
filters and its types
Introducing Power BI: Components and the flow of work, power
5
BI Desktop Interface- Report has five main areas
Querying Data from CSV- Query Editor, connecting the data from
6
the excel source, clean, transform the data
Creating reports and visualization- Different types of charts,
7
formatting charts with title, color
8 Dashboards- filters in power BI, formatting dashboards
Analysis of revenue in sales dataset:
i. Create a chloropleth map (fill the Map) to spot the special
trends to show the state which has highest revenue
ii. Create a line chart to show the revenue based on month of
the year
iii. Create a bin of size 10 for the age measure to create a new
dimension to show the revenue
iv. Create a donut chart view to show the percentage of
9 A)
revenue per region by creating zero access in the calculated
field
v. Create a butterfly chart by reseving the bar chart to
compare female and male revenue based on product
category
vi. Create a calculated field to show the average revenue per
state and display profitable and non-profitable state.
Build a dashboard
Analysis of GDP dataset:
1. Visualize the countries data given in the dataset with
respect to latitude along with country name using symbol
maps
2. Create a bar graph to compare GDP of Belgium between
9 B)
2006-2026
3. Using pie chart, visualize the GDP of India, Nepal, Romania,
South Asia, Singapore by the year 2010.
Visualize the countries Bhutan & Costa Rica competing in terms
of GDP.
Content Beyond Syllabus.: Implement 9 A or 9B with R
10
programming
Title:
Getting Started with Tableau: Exploring Workspace, Terminologies, and Basic Functionalities

Aim:
To understand the Tableau interface, become familiar with key Tableau terminologies, and explore the basic
functionalities of Tableau for data visualization.

Theory:
Tableau is a powerful data visualization tool used for converting raw data into interactive and shareable
dashboards. It enables users to analyze data visually, helping uncover insights through graphs, charts, and maps.
Tableau supports data connectivity with various sources including Excel, SQL, and cloud-based services. The
tool is widely used in business intelligence for its ease of use, drag-and-drop functionality, and real-time data
analysis capability.

Key concepts include:

• Workbook: A file that contains worksheets and dashboards.

• Worksheet: A space where individual visualizations are created.
• Dashboard: A collection of worksheets arranged on a single screen.
• Dimensions and Measures: Dimensions are categorical fields (like Region, Category), while Measures
are quantitative fields (like Sales, Profit).
• Marks Card: Used to control the visual properties of marks in the view.
• Show Me: A panel that provides visualization suggestions based on selected data.

Procedure:

1. Install and launch Tableau Public or Tableau Desktop on your system.

2. Open a new workbook to explore the Tableau workspace.
3. Load a sample dataset (e.g., "Sample – Superstore").
4. Observe various elements like Data pane, Sheets, Shelves (Rows, Columns), and Show Me panel.
5. Perform basic operations such as dragging fields into rows and columns, using filters, and changing chart
types.
6. Save and export your visualization.

Methodology:

• Workspace Exploration: Understand the layout including the toolbar, data pane, shelves, worksheet
area, and dashboard area.
• Basic Operations: Create visualizations using drag-and-drop features, apply filters, use marks card for
customization, and view suggestions in the Show Me panel.

Result:
Successfully explored the Tableau workspace, understood core terminologies, and created basic visualizations
like bar charts and pie charts using a sample dataset.

Conclusion:
The lab provided a solid foundation in Tableau’s interface and basic functionalities. With hands-on practice,
students gained familiarity with creating visualizations and working with Tableau's intuitive tools.
Title:
Data Source Connection in Tableau: Connecting to Databases and Understanding Tableau Joins

Aim:
To learn how to connect Tableau to various data sources and understand how to apply different types of joins in
Tableau.

Theory:
Tableau allows seamless integration with multiple data sources such as Excel files, text files, relational databases
(e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL), cloud services, and more. Once the data is connected, Tableau allows users to join
multiple tables to create a unified dataset.

Data Connection:

• Live Connection: Tableau directly queries the database. Updates reflect in real time.
• Extract: A snapshot of the data is taken and stored locally. Offers better performance.

Tableau Joins:
Similar to SQL joins, Tableau offers:

• Inner Join: Returns only matching records from both tables.

• Left Join: Returns all records from the left table and matching ones from the right.
• Right Join: Returns all records from the right table and matching ones from the left.
• Outer Join (Full Join): Returns all records from both tables, with nulls where there is no match.

Joins are based on common fields (keys), and Tableau visually represents joins in the Data Source tab using
Venn-diagram-like icons.

Procedure:

1. Open Tableau and select Connect > To a File or To a Server depending on the data source.
2. Choose a sample database (e.g., Microsoft Excel, SQL Server, or Sample Superstore dataset).
3. Drag multiple tables or sheets into the canvas in the Data Source tab.
4. Select the type of join from the join drop-down menu (Inner, Left, Right, Outer).
5. Verify join conditions and preview the joined dataset.
6. Load the data and create a basic visualization using the joined data.

Methodology:

• Establish a connection to a data source.

• Drag and drop tables for analysis.
• Apply joins visually and ensure correct join keys are selected.
• Understand the effect of each join type by observing data changes.
• Create a sample chart to verify joined data is working correctly.

Result:
Successfully connected Tableau to a sample data source, joined two tables using different types of joins, and
visualized the merged data using a simple chart.

Conclusion:
The lab helped in understanding how Tableau connects to various data sources and the importance of choosing
the right type of join when combining datasets. This knowledge is critical in preparing accurate and meaningful
visualizations.
Title:
Creating a View in Tableau: Chart Formatting, Filters, Calculated Fields, and Parameters

Aim:
To learn how to format charts, apply filters, create calculated fields, and use parameters in Tableau to enhance
interactivity and data analysis.

Theory:
Creating effective views in Tableau involves more than just visualizing data. It includes formatting charts for
readability, filtering data for focused analysis, creating calculated fields for custom logic, and using parameters
for user-driven interactivity.

• Chart Formatting: Enhances the visual appeal and clarity of data representations. You can modify titles,
labels, colors, fonts, axes, gridlines, and legends.
• Filters: Used to restrict data shown in a view based on specific conditions (e.g., Region = ‘West’).
• Calculated Fields: Custom fields created using formulas (e.g., Profit Ratio = Profit / Sales).
• Parameters: Dynamic input controls that allow users to interact with the data, like changing a value that
affects a calculation or filter.

Procedure:

1. Load a dataset into Tableau (e.g., "Sample – Superstore").

2. Create a simple chart (e.g., bar chart for Sales by Region).
3. Format the chart: adjust fonts, colors, and labels.
4. Add a filter (e.g., select specific Regions or Product Categories).
5. Create a calculated field:
o Go to Analysis > Create Calculated Field.
o Example: Profit Ratio = [Profit] / [Sales]
6. Add the calculated field to the view.
7. Create a parameter:
o Go to Create > Parameter.
o Set data type and range of values.
o Use the parameter in a calculated field or filter (e.g., Top N Products).
8. Display the parameter control on the dashboard.

Methodology:

• Start with a basic visualization.

• Incrementally apply formatting changes for clarity.
• Use filters to isolate data subsets.
• Leverage calculated fields for enhanced analysis.
• Add parameters to make the view dynamic and user-friendly.

Example formula for calculated field:

Profit Ratio = [Profit] / [Sales]

Result:
Created an interactive and well-formatted Tableau view using filters, calculated fields, and parameters to analyze
the data dynamically and effectively.

Conclusion:
This lab helped enhance Tableau visualization skills by integrating formatting, filtering, and dynamic calculation
techniques. These features enable the creation of meaningful and interactive dashboards tailored to user needs.
Title:
Dashboard Designing and Storytelling in Tableau

Aim:
To understand the components of a Tableau dashboard, learn how to place worksheets in containers, and
implement action filters to create interactive and compelling stories through data.

Theory:
A Dashboard in Tableau is a collection of views (worksheets), filters, images, text, and other elements arranged
on a single screen to create an interactive analytical interface.

Components of a Dashboard:

• Worksheets: Visualizations created individually and then added to the dashboard.

• Containers: Layout tools (horizontal/vertical) that hold multiple items, maintaining alignment and
structure.
• Objects: Additional elements like text, image, web, blank space, buttons, etc.
• Filters and Legends: Allow interactivity and understanding of visual elements.

Storytelling in Tableau:
A Story is a sequence of sheets or dashboards that work together to convey a narrative with data. Each step in a
story can highlight a particular insight or conclusion.

Action Filters:
These enable users to interact with one visualization to filter data in another. Types of actions include:

• Filter Actions: Use one view to filter another.

• Highlight Actions: Highlight related data in another view.
• URL Actions: Open external links based on data clicked.

Procedure:

1. Open Tableau and load the desired dataset (e.g., Sample Superstore).
2. Create multiple worksheets (e.g., Sales by Category, Profit by Region).
3. Navigate to Dashboard > New Dashboard.
4. Drag Horizontal or Vertical Containers onto the dashboard.
5. Place worksheets inside these containers for structured layout.
6. Add Text, Images, and Filters as needed.
7. To add action filters:
o Go to Dashboard > Actions > Add Action > Filter.
o Select source and target sheets, specify how the filter behaves (on select, hover, or menu).
8. Test the interaction by selecting elements in one view and observing changes in others.
9. To build a Story, go to Story > New Story and drag sheets or dashboards into story points.

Methodology:

• Use containers for organizing dashboard layout.

• Enhance interaction through action filters.
• Add titles, legends, and visual cues to guide the user.
• Use story points to walk users through insights step-by-step.

Result:
Successfully designed an interactive Tableau dashboard using worksheets, containers, and action filters. Created
a story flow using multiple views to present insights clearly.
Conclusion:
This lab provided hands-on experience in designing dashboards and storytelling in Tableau. By utilizing
containers and action filters, users can create engaging and interactive dashboards that effectively communicate
data insights.
Title:
Introducing Power BI: Components, Workflow, and Power BI Desktop Interface

Aim:
To explore and understand the core components of Power BI, the end-to-end workflow from data import to
visualization, and to become familiar with the five main areas of the Power BI Desktop interface used for
designing professional business reports.

Theory:
Power BI is a business intelligence (BI) tool by Microsoft that allows users to connect to multiple data sources,
transform and model data, create visually appealing reports, and share insights across organizations securely. It
is part of the Microsoft Power Platform and is highly integrated with Microsoft Excel, Azure, and other Microsoft
services. Power BI provides self-service BI capabilities and supports data exploration, real-time dashboards, and
AI-powered analytics.

Main Components of Power BI:

1. Power BI Desktop: A free Windows-based application used for data import, transformation, modeling,
visualization, and report development. It is the core tool for analysts and report creators.
2. Power BI Service (Power BI Online): A cloud-based SaaS platform used for publishing, sharing,
collaboration, and real-time dashboard updates. Accessible from any browser.
3. Power BI Mobile Apps: Available for Android, iOS, and Windows devices. Allow viewing and
interacting with reports on-the-go.
4. Power BI Data Gateway: Acts as a bridge between on-premises data (like SQL Server, Excel, etc.) and
cloud services. Essential for scheduled refreshes and live connections to local sources.
5. Power BI Report Server: On-premises version of Power BI Service. Used by organizations that prefer
to keep data and reports in-house.
6. Power BI Embedded: A PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) feature that allows developers to embed Power
BI dashboards and reports into custom applications.

Workflow in Power BI:

1. Connect to Data Sources: Power BI supports various data sources such as Excel, CSV, SQL Server,
Web, Azure, APIs, SharePoint, and more.
2. Transform and Clean Data (Power Query): Use Power Query Editor to clean, filter, combine,
pivot/unpivot, and enrich data. No coding is required—uses M language behind the scenes.
3. Data Modeling: Define relationships between tables (one-to-many, many-to-one). Create calculated
columns and measures using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions). Apply hierarchies, manage data types,
and create data models.
4. Visualize and Build Reports: Use charts, tables, cards, maps, slicers, etc., to represent data. Add
interactivity with filters and slicers. Customize formatting, titles, colors, tooltips, etc.
5. Publish and Share: Publish reports to Power BI Service. Share with users, create dashboards, set up
subscriptions and alerts. Manage access through roles and security.

Power BI Desktop Interface – Five Main Areas:

1. Ribbon: Located at the top; contains buttons for data connection, transformation, visuals, modeling tools,
and publishing. Contains tools like “Get Data,” “Manage Relationships,” “New Measure,” etc.
2. Views Pane: Includes three views – Report View (build and design visuals on report pages), Data View
(view and explore the data in tabular format), Model View (view and manage relationships between
tables).
3. Fields Pane: Displays all data tables and fields available for use in visuals. Allows dragging fields into
charts, applying filters, or creating DAX formulas.
4. Visualizations Pane: Offers a wide range of chart types: bar, pie, line, scatter, gauge, map, etc. Includes
options to format and customize the selected visual.
 5. Report Canvas: Central area where visuals are placed and designed. Supports multiple pages for multi-
page reports.

Procedure:

1. Open Power BI Desktop.

2. Click on “Get Data” and choose a source (e.g., Excel, Web).
3. Load a sample dataset (e.g., “Sample Sales Data”).
4. Use Power Query Editor to remove unnecessary columns, filter data, rename columns, and fix data types.
5. Close and apply changes to load data into Power BI Desktop.
6. Go to Model View and inspect relationships between tables (or create new ones).
7. In Report View, drag a field to the canvas to create a visual.
8. Use Visualizations Pane to change visual types and apply formatting.
9. Use Fields Pane to add more data to the visual (e.g., legends, values).
10. Save the report and click “Publish” to upload to Power BI Service (requires login).

Methodology:
Start by exploring the interface. Follow a linear flow from data import → data transformation → modeling →
visualization → publishing. Practice switching between the three views and using panes effectively. Focus on
learning drag-and-drop functionalities, formatting options, and basic DAX formulas.

Example of a DAX formula to create a calculated column:

Profit Margin = DIVIDE([Profit], [Sales])

Example of a measure:

Total Sales = SUM(Sales[Amount])

Result:
After completing the steps, a Power BI report with at least two visuals (e.g., bar chart for sales by region and pie
chart for sales by category) will be created. The user will be familiar with navigating the interface, working with
data, and building a simple but functional report.

Conclusion:
This lab introduced students to the Power BI platform, highlighting its key components and end-to-end workflow.
Understanding the Power BI Desktop interface is essential to begin data visualization and reporting tasks.
Students are now equipped with foundational knowledge to explore Power BI further and start building insightful
dashboards.
Title:
Querying Data from CSV – Using Query Editor to Connect, Clean, and Transform Excel Data

Aim:
To understand how to connect Excel or CSV data sources in Power BI, use the Query Editor for cleaning and
transforming data, and prepare the dataset for visualization and analysis.

Theory:
Power BI provides powerful tools to load, clean, and shape data before visualizing it. The Power Query Editor
plays a central role in this process. It allows users to perform a variety of data preparation tasks like filtering
rows, changing data types, renaming columns, combining tables, and more — all without writing code. Data
transformation is important because raw datasets often contain inconsistencies, missing values, or unnecessary
columns.

CSV (Comma Separated Values) and Excel files are common sources of tabular data. Power BI can connect to
both, offering options to preview, modify, and load the data into the report model. Using the Query Editor ensures
that only clean, structured, and relevant data is used for reporting.

Procedure:

1. Open Power BI Desktop.

2. Click on Home > Get Data > Text/CSV to import a .csv file or Excel for .xlsx files.
3. Select the desired file from your local system and click Open.
4. A preview window will appear. Click on Transform Data to open the Power Query Editor.
5. In Query Editor, perform the following cleaning operations:
o Remove unnecessary columns by right-clicking and selecting Remove.
o Rename columns for clarity by double-clicking the column header.
o Filter rows to remove blank or unwanted entries.
o Change data types to match the expected formats (e.g., text, whole number, date).
o Fill missing values if required using Fill Down or Replace Values.
o Use the Split Column feature to separate combined values (e.g., Full Name → First and Last
Name).
6. Once all transformations are done, click Close & Apply to load the cleaned data into the Power BI data
model.

Methodology:
Follow a structured approach:

• Step 1: Connect to data using the appropriate connector.

• Step 2: Open Query Editor and perform step-by-step cleaning and shaping tasks.
• Step 3: Apply changes to finalize the data model. This method ensures that the dataset is well-prepared
and reduces the chances of errors during visualization.

While Power BI’s Power Query uses a backend language called M, most actions are performed through GUI.
However, the formula bar displays the corresponding M code.
Example M formula to rename a column:

Table.RenameColumns(Source, {{"old_column_name", "new_column_name"}})

Example to change data type:

Table.TransformColumnTypes(Source,{{"Sales", Int64.Type}})

Result:
A clean and structured dataset is successfully loaded into Power BI from a CSV/Excel file. The data has been
transformed, unnecessary columns removed, types corrected, and is now ready for visualization.
Conclusion:
By using Power Query Editor in Power BI, raw CSV or Excel files can be effectively cleaned and shaped for
analysis. This lab provides essential skills in connecting data sources and transforming data — a critical first step
in any data visualization or BI project.
Title:
Creating Reports and Visualization – Exploring Chart Types and Formatting Techniques in Power BI

Aim:
To understand how to create effective and interactive reports using various chart types in Power BI, apply
formatting options like titles and colors, and enhance the visual appeal and clarity of data representation.

Theory:
Reports and visualizations form the core of data analysis in Power BI. A well-designed report transforms raw
data into meaningful insights through graphical representations. Power BI supports a rich collection of built-in
visuals that cater to different analytical needs such as comparisons, trends, compositions, and distributions. Each
visual can be customized to fit the purpose of the analysis and target audience.

Key Visualization Concepts:

• Visualizations Pane: Contains a library of available chart types and customization tools.
• Fields Pane: Allows users to select and drag dataset fields into visual placeholders (Axis, Values,
Legends, etc.).
• Canvas Area: The main workspace where visuals are placed and arranged to form a report.
• Interactivity: Visuals in Power BI are connected – selecting data in one visual can filter or highlight data
in others.

Types of Visuals:

1. Bar/Column Charts: For comparing quantities across categories.

2. Line Charts: Ideal for analyzing trends over time.
3. Pie/Donut Charts: Show proportions of a whole.
4. Tables/Matrices: Show data in a structured, tabular format.
5. Cards/KPI Tiles: Display key metrics and values clearly.
6. Scatter Plots: Analyze relationships between two variables.
7. Maps: Geographical data visualizations.
8. Slicers: Create filters to enhance interactivity across visuals.
9. Gauge/Waterfall/Funnel Charts: Used for tracking KPIs and business processes.

Formatting Options:

• Chart Titles & Axis Titles

• Legend Placement
• Data Labels
• Color Themes
• Tooltips
• Backgrounds and Borders
• Alignment & Positioning of Charts

Procedure:

1. Open Power BI Desktop and load a dataset (e.g., Sales, Superstore, or Student Performance dataset).
2. Click on Get Data > Excel/CSV and import your dataset.
3. Click on Report View (canvas with visuals).
4. To create a visual:
o Click on a chart type (e.g., bar chart) from the Visualizations Pane.
o Drag a category field (e.g., Product Name) to the Axis section.
o Drag a numerical field (e.g., Sales) to the Values section.
5. Create additional visuals:
o Pie Chart for sales by region.
o Line Chart for sales trends over months.
 o Card to display total sales or average profit.
6. Format each chart:
o Click on the chart → Go to the Format Pane (paint roller icon).
o Add a Title (e.g., “Monthly Sales Trend”).
o Customize Data Labels (font size, color, position).
o Modify Color schemes to differentiate categories.
o Enable Borders and set background color for visuals.
7. Use Grid alignment to arrange visuals neatly.
8. Add Slicers to enable filtering by year, category, or region.
9. Save your report as a .pbix file.

Methodology:
The methodology involves connecting data, creating visuals by dragging fields into chart areas, and formatting
those visuals to improve clarity and insight. Each visual should serve a purpose in the overall analysis and
contribute to answering a business or analytical question.

Most operations are GUI-based. However, DAX can be used to create calculated measures or columns that can
be visualized.

Example DAX to create a new measure:

Total Revenue = SUM(Sales[Revenue])

Example to calculate profit margin:

Profit Margin = DIVIDE(Sales[Profit], Sales[Revenue])

These calculated measures can be used in charts and cards.

Result:
A comprehensive Power BI report is created with multiple visualizations such as bar chart, pie chart, and line
chart. Each visual is customized with titles, color formatting, and labels. Interactivity through slicers enables
dynamic filtering, allowing for in-depth data exploration.

Conclusion:
This lab demonstrates how Power BI transforms raw data into meaningful reports through effective visualization
techniques. By selecting appropriate chart types and applying consistent formatting, users can present data in a
visually appealing and informative manner. This enhances the overall storytelling aspect of data analysis and
improves decision-making.
Title:
Building and Formatting Dashboards in Power BI – Implementing Filters and Enhancing Visual Design

Aim:
To explore the creation of dashboards in Power BI by integrating multiple visuals, applying different types of
filters to enhance interactivity, and formatting the dashboard layout for clarity, consistency, and impact.

Theory:
A dashboard in Power BI is a visual representation of key metrics and performance indicators, typically laid out
on a single screen or page. It helps users to track, analyze, and gain insights from data quickly and efficiently.
Dashboards are ideal for monitoring business intelligence, spotting trends, and facilitating data-driven decision-
making.

Though the true dashboard feature exists in the Power BI Service, in Power BI Desktop, users typically simulate
dashboards by organizing visuals onto a report page. This simulated dashboard offers high interactivity through
filters, slicers, drill-throughs, and bookmarks.

Dashboards combine multiple report elements like:

• Bar/column charts
• Cards and KPI tiles
• Pie/donut charts
• Line charts
• Tables/matrices
• Maps
• Slicers
• Buttons and bookmarks (for navigation)

To increase the usability of a dashboard, filters play a crucial role. They allow users to view the data subset they
are interested in, without affecting the underlying data model.

Types of Filters in Power BI:

1. Visual-Level Filters
o Apply only to a selected visual.
o Useful for isolating specific values for comparison or highlighting.
2. Page-Level Filters
o Affect all visuals on the current report page.
o Used when a consistent filter (like a year or product category) should be applied across all charts.
3. Report-Level Filters
o Affect all pages in a report.
o Ideal for global filters such as filtering the entire report by region, user role, or status.
4. Slicers
o Act as on-page visual filters that users can interact with.
o Can be drop-downs, list boxes, or sliders.
o Useful for filtering by dimensions like date, geography, product, etc.
5. Drillthrough Filters
o Allow users to right-click on a visual and navigate to a detailed page filtered based on the selected
value.
6. Cross-Filtering
o When visuals are interconnected, selecting an element in one visual will automatically filter the
data shown in others.

Formatting Dashboards:

• Consistency: Apply a uniform color palette, font size, and title format.
 • Spacing and Alignment: Use gridlines and "Snap to Grid" for neat layout.
• Title and Labels: Each visual must have clear titles and properly formatted axis labels.
• Backgrounds and Borders: These add visual boundaries and separation between different sections.
• Theming: Power BI allows custom themes (JSON files) to apply consistent colors and styles.
• Interactivity Enhancements: Tooltips, buttons, bookmarks, and conditional formatting.

Procedure:

1. Import Dataset
o Launch Power BI Desktop → Click on Home > Get Data > Excel/CSV.
o Load your dataset (e.g., Superstore, Sales, Inventory, HR data).
2. Create Visuals
o Use Visualizations Pane to drag and drop charts like:
▪ Clustered bar/column chart for sales by category.
▪ Line chart for sales over time.
▪ Card for total profit.
▪ Pie chart for regional sales distribution.
▪ Table or matrix for detailed records.
3. Apply Filters
o Go to the Filters Pane:
▪ Add a Visual-level filter to show only high-performing regions in a chart.
▪ Use a Page-level filter to limit the entire page to the “2023” data.
▪ Add a Report-level filter to show only specific product categories across all pages.
o Add Slicers (e.g., for Region, Product Type, Year).
▪ Choose dropdown or list view, and format it appropriately.
o Enable Drillthrough:
▪ Create a new page → Add a drillthrough field (e.g., Customer Name).
▪ Allow navigation to detailed data for the selected customer.
4. Format Dashboard
o Select visuals and format:
▪ Title: Bold, meaningful (e.g., “Monthly Sales Trend”).
▪ Data Labels: Enable, set font size, color.
▪ Legend: Position and customize.
▪ Borders and Backgrounds: Set colors and transparency.
o Use the Format Pane for each visual element.
o Align visuals using the View > Snap to Grid and Show Gridlines options.
o Add a header using a Text Box, and optionally insert your logo or a background image.
5. Add Interactivity
o Test slicers by selecting multiple values and observing the change in visuals.
o Use Cross-filtering to explore interrelated data insights.
6. Save and Export
o Save the report as .pbix file.
o Optionally publish to Power BI Service for sharing and creating real dashboards.

Methodology:
The process involves structuring the data visuals in a single page to replicate a dashboard layout. Strategic use of
slicers, visual/page/report-level filters, and proper formatting help in developing a professional and user-friendly
interface. Emphasis is placed on creating a cohesive design where all elements contribute to the storytelling of
the dataset.

While most operations are GUI-based, DAX measures can be used to enhance visual effectiveness.

Example DAX measures:

Total Sales = SUM(Sales[Amount])

Profit Margin = DIVIDE(Sales[Profit], Sales[Revenue])
High Margin Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Amount]), Sales[Profit Margin] > 0.3)

These can be shown in Cards, Tables, KPIs, or used in conditional formatting.

Result:
A functional and visually compelling dashboard is created. It includes a variety of visuals, slicers for interactivity,
well-placed filters, and proper formatting to guide the user in interpreting the data easily. The dashboard responds
dynamically to user interactions.

Conclusion:
This lab helped students understand how to build and format dashboards effectively in Power BI. Mastering filters
and layout techniques ensures that users can gain insights at a glance while enjoying an interactive and
informative experience. Good dashboard design enhances storytelling and supports better business decision-
making.
Title:

Analysis of Revenue in Sales Dataset

Aim:

To utilize Tableau for analyzing and visualizing revenue-related insights from a sales dataset. This includes the
creation of various advanced chart types and the assembly of these into a coherent dashboard that helps identify
patterns and trends across states, time, demographic segments, and product categories.

Theory:

In business intelligence, visual analytics plays a key role in understanding vast datasets by presenting data in an
easily interpretable form. Tableau, a powerful data visualization tool, enables users to uncover hidden patterns,
outliers, and key performance indicators by transforming raw data into graphical formats. This lab explores
several key Tableau features: Choropleth (Filled) Maps to visually represent geographical differences in revenue
performance, Line Charts to detect temporal trends in revenue over a specified time period, Binned Histograms
to segment continuous data (such as customer age) into intervals for detailed demographic analysis, Donut Charts
for illustrating parts-to-whole relationships, especially useful for comparing proportions like regional revenue
contribution, Butterfly Charts (mirrored bar charts) to compare two contrasting groups—such as gender-based
revenue—on a common scale, and Calculated Fields to enhance insight generation by deriving new metrics such
as average revenue and profit status based on specific criteria. The combined use of these elements in a single
dashboard enhances storytelling, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions based on data trends and
comparisons.

Procedure:

1. Open Tableau Desktop and load the provided Sales Dataset which should include fields such as State,
Revenue, Month, Age, Gender, Product Category, and Region.
2. Create a Choropleth (Filled) Map using the State field and color it by Revenue to highlight geographical
revenue differences.
3. Create a Line Chart by plotting Revenue over the Month field to observe monthly trends and seasonality
in sales.
4. Create Age Bins by dividing the continuous Age field into intervals (bin size 10), then use these bins to
analyze revenue per age group.
5. Create a Donut Chart by customizing a Pie Chart to show the proportion of revenue contributed by
different regions.
6. Create a Butterfly Chart to compare Revenue of Male vs Female customers across Product Categories by
using mirrored bar charts.
7. Create a Calculated Field for Average Revenue per State and use it to classify each state as Profitable or
Non-Profitable, then visualize it using color or label indicators.
8. Combine all the visualizations into a Dashboard by arranging charts using containers, applying filters,
and designing it for clarity and storytelling.

Methodology:

The dataset is analyzed through a series of visualizations that each target a specific aspect of the revenue data.
Maps are used for geographic comparisons, line charts for time-series analysis, binned charts for demographic
insights, donut charts for part-to-whole comparisons, butterfly charts for dual group analysis, and calculated fields
for enhanced metric creation. These are all brought together in a single dashboard which allows for interactive
exploration of insights.

Result:

A comprehensive and interactive Tableau dashboard that includes a Choropleth Map highlighting revenue by
state, a Line Chart showing monthly revenue trends, Age Bins visualized for revenue contribution, a Donut Chart
showing revenue by region, a Butterfly Chart comparing male vs female revenue per product category, and visual
indicators of profitable vs non-profitable states.

Conclusion: This lab helped in understanding how Tableau’s advanced visualization capabilities can be used to
perform an i

n-depth analysis of revenue data. Students learned to combine various charts and metrics into a single, interactive
dashboard which can drive data-informed decisions in a business context.
Title:

Analysis of GDP Dataset

Aim:

To utilize Tableau for visually analyzing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) data across countries and over time.
This includes interpreting economic performance using symbol maps, bar graphs, pie charts, and comparative
analysis to extract meaningful insights from real-world economic data.

Theory:

GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is one of the most commonly used indicators to measure the economic
performance of a country. It represents the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a
country's borders over a specific time period. Analyzing GDP trends helps identify economic growth, recession
phases, and potential for investment or development. Tableau’s powerful data visualization capabilities make it
ideal for examining such data, as it allows for interactive exploration through maps, charts, and calculated
comparisons. Symbol maps help relate economic indicators to geography, bar charts show temporal variations,
pie charts allow proportion-based comparisons, and dual-axis or comparative graphs are useful for highlighting
differences between entities such as countries. This lab focuses on building these visualizations to evaluate GDP
metrics across different dimensions—country, year, and region.

Procedure:

1. Load the GDP dataset into Tableau, ensuring it contains fields such as Country, Year, GDP (in monetary
terms), Latitude, Longitude, and Region.
2. Create a Symbol Map to visualize GDP distribution across the world:
o Drag Latitude and Longitude onto the Rows and Columns shelf.
o Add the Country field to Detail under Marks.
o Drag GDP to Size to vary symbol size based on GDP values.
o Drag Country Name to Label so each symbol is identified.
o Use Color to represent regional categories if applicable.
o This map will help visually identify countries with higher and lower GDP across global geography.
3. Create a Bar Chart for Belgium to analyze GDP over time:
o Filter the data to display only Belgium.
o Place Year on the Columns shelf and GDP on the Rows shelf.
o Ensure years range from 2006 to 2026 (future projections included if available).
o Format the chart to include grid lines, labels, and color coding for better visual clarity.
o This graph will help identify any upward or downward economic trends in Belgium over the
selected period.
4. Create a Pie Chart for GDP comparison in 2010:
o Apply a filter to select only the year 2010.
o Filter the countries to include India, Nepal, Romania, South Asia, and Singapore.
o Place Country in the Color field and GDP in Angle under the Pie Chart.
o Add GDP values and percentage labels to each segment.
o This pie chart will allow for an easy comparison of the GDP contribution of each selected region
for that year.
5. Compare Bhutan and Costa Rica in terms of GDP over time:
o Filter the dataset to include only Bhutan and Costa Rica.
o Use a side-by-side bar chart, a dual-axis chart, or a grouped bar chart for direct visual comparison.
o Place Year on the Columns shelf and GDP on the Rows.
o Use Color or Shape to distinguish between the two countries.
o This visualization will help track which country had a stronger economy in which year and how
close their GDP figures are.

Methodology:
This lab uses Tableau to process and visually represent economic data. A symbol map is used for geographical
insights into GDP across countries, allowing users to spot economic giants and underdeveloped regions. A bar
chart provides a time-series view, offering an understanding of economic growth or recession in a specific
country. A pie chart serves to highlight the relative GDP shares among a group of countries in a particular year.
Finally, comparative charts are used to directly analyze two countries and evaluate their GDP dynamics. These
methods collectively help explore data from spatial, temporal, and categorical perspectives.

Result:

• The Symbol Map clearly visualized the GDP status of different countries using size-encoded markers and
labels, offering an at-a-glance global economic overview.
• The Bar Graph depicted a year-by-year progression of Belgium’s GDP, showing any consistent growth,
plateaus, or fluctuations.
• The Pie Chart illustrated the GDP distribution of five different countries and regions in 2010, providing
a visual sense of economic proportions.
• The comparative visualization between Bhutan and Costa Rica helped analyze which country had stronger
GDP performance over time and how their economies evolved relative to each other.

Conclusion: This lab successfully demonstrated how Tableau can be used to turn complex GDP data into
meaningful visual insights. By representing data on maps, charts, and graphs, the economic health of countries
and their development over time can be interpreted more effectively. Such visualizations support analysts,
economists, and decision-makers in understanding global financial trends and forming informed strategies for
policy, investment, and development.
Title:
Revenue Analysis of Sales Dataset using R Programming

Aim:
To analyze and visualize sales revenue data using R programming. Tasks include mapping high-revenue states,
identifying trends by time and demographic groups, and building interactive charts using data visualization
libraries.

Theory:
Revenue analysis is crucial for business intelligence. By using R, a versatile language for data science, we can
derive meaningful insights from raw datasets. Visual tools like ggplot2, dplyr, plotly, and sf allow us to
understand regional performance, sales trends, and customer segmentation. Techniques like binning and
conditional calculations enable further data classification. This experiment emphasizes storytelling using
interactive dashboards.

Procedure and Code:

1. Load required libraries:

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(readr)
library(tidyr)
library(plotly)
library(lubridate)
library(ggthemes)

2. Import Dataset:

data <- read_csv("sales_data.csv")

head(data)

i. Choropleth Map (State-wise Revenue)

Visualize which states have the highest revenue using a filled map.

state_revenue <- data %>%

group_by(State) %>%
summarise(Total_Revenue = sum(Revenue, na.rm = TRUE))

# Assuming you have state shapefile or using `maps`

library(maps)
us_states <- map_data("state")

state_revenue$region <- tolower(state_revenue$State)

ggplot(state_revenue, aes(map_id = region)) +

geom_map(aes(fill = Total_Revenue), map = us_states) +
expand_limits(x = us_states$long, y = us_states$lat) +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightblue", high = "darkblue") +
theme_minimal() +
labs(title = "State-wise Revenue Map")

ii. Line Chart (Monthly Revenue Trend)

data$Month <- floor_date(as.Date(data$Date), "month")

monthly_rev <- data %>%

group_by(Month) %>%
summarise(Monthly_Revenue = sum(Revenue))

ggplot(monthly_rev, aes(x = Month, y = Monthly_Revenue)) +

 geom_line(color = "blue", size = 1.2) +
theme_minimal() +
labs(title = "Monthly Revenue Trend", x = "Month", y = "Revenue")

iii. Binning Age (Bin size = 10)

data$AgeGroup <- cut(data$Age, breaks = seq(0, 100, by = 10), include.lowest = TRUE)

age_bin_rev <- data %>%

group_by(AgeGroup) %>%
summarise(Total_Revenue = sum(Revenue))

ggplot(age_bin_rev, aes(x = AgeGroup, y = Total_Revenue)) +

geom_col(fill = "orange") +
labs(title = "Revenue by Age Group", x = "Age Group", y = "Revenue") +
theme_minimal()

iv. Donut Chart (Revenue per Region)

region_rev <- data %>%

group_by(Region) %>%
summarise(Total_Revenue = sum(Revenue))

region_rev$Percent <- round(100 * region_rev$Total_Revenue / sum(region_rev$Total_Revenue),

1)

ggplot(region_rev, aes(x = 2, y = Percent, fill = Region)) +

geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 1) +
coord_polar(theta = "y") +
xlim(0.5, 2.5) +
theme_void() +
labs(title = "Revenue Share by Region") +
theme(legend.position = "right")

v. Butterfly Chart (Male vs Female Revenue by Product Category)

gender_rev <- data %>%

group_by(Gender, Product_Category) %>%
summarise(Total_Revenue = sum(Revenue)) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Gender, values_from = Total_Revenue)

ggplot(gender_rev) +
geom_bar(aes(x = Product_Category, y = Male), stat = "identity", fill = "blue") +
geom_bar(aes(x = Product_Category, y = -Female), stat = "identity", fill = "pink") +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "Male vs Female Revenue by Product Category", y = "Revenue", x = "Product
Category") +
theme_minimal()

vi. Average Revenue per State (Profitability Classification)

state_avg <- data %>%

group_by(State) %>%
summarise(Average_Revenue = mean(Revenue))

avg_value <- mean(state_avg$Average_Revenue)

state_avg$Profit_Status <- ifelse(state_avg$Average_Revenue > avg_value, "Profitable",

"Non-Profitable")
ggplot(state_avg, aes(x = reorder(State, Average_Revenue), y = Average_Revenue, fill =
Profit_Status)) +
geom_col() +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "State Profitability Status", y = "Avg Revenue") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("Profitable" = "green", "Non-Profitable" = "red")) +
theme_minimal()

vii. Dashboard (Optional using patchwork or Shiny)

# If using patchwork
library(patchwork)
(p1 | p2) / (p3 | p4)

Methodology:

• Imported and cleaned the dataset using R.

• Created revenue aggregations for states, months, regions, gender, and age groups.
• Used various visualization methods to display insights such as maps, bar graphs, and pie charts.
• Introduced calculated fields like average revenue to classify data.
• Created a dashboard using R's composition techniques for better storytelling.

Result:

• Identified the top revenue-generating states and regions.

• Observed seasonal patterns in revenue.
• Binned age groups revealed key customer segments.
• Regional distribution and gender comparison exposed demographic insights.
• Profitability analysis clearly highlighted strong and weak performing states.

Conclusion:
This lab demonstrated how R can be used to perform complete sales data analysis from preprocessing to
visualization. Each chart gave a different dimension to the data, helping in better understanding business trends.
The use of calculated fields and classification provided deeper insight, and the dashboard approach enabled
comprehensive storytelling.