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Network Engineering Advance Roles

The document outlines best practices for designing a highly available network infrastructure, emphasizing redundancy, automation, and security measures such as BGP route filtering. It discusses various networking concepts including Zero Trust Architecture, multi-cloud networking challenges, and the roles of firewalls and monitoring tools. Additionally, it highlights the importance of managing IP addresses, multicast traffic, and the security implications of IPv6.

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currentaffairstoday02oct2023
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11 views2 pages

Network Engineering Advance Roles

The document outlines best practices for designing a highly available network infrastructure, emphasizing redundancy, automation, and security measures such as BGP route filtering. It discusses various networking concepts including Zero Trust Architecture, multi-cloud networking challenges, and the roles of firewalls and monitoring tools. Additionally, it highlights the importance of managing IP addresses, multicast traffic, and the security implications of IPv6.

Uploaded by

currentaffairstoday02oct2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. How do you design a highly available network infrastructure?

Design a network with redundancy at all levels: redundant links, devices, and paths. Use
protocols like HSRP/VRRP for gateway redundancy, link aggregation (EtherChannel),
dynamic routing with BGP/OSPF for failover, and load balancing for traffic distribution.
Regular monitoring and failover testing are essential.

2. Explain network automation and its benefits.


Network automation uses tools (e.g., Ansible, Netmiko, NAPALM) and scripts (e.g., Python)
to automate configuration, monitoring, and management. Benefits include faster
deployments, fewer errors, consistency, and better scalability. It supports agile network
operations and integrates with DevOps workflows.

3. What are the best practices for BGP route filtering and security?
Use prefix-lists and route-maps to control routing updates, AS-PATH filters to avoid route
leaks, maximum prefix limits to prevent overload, BGP TTL security to avoid spoofing, and
RPKI to validate routes. These secure BGP sessions and stabilize routing.

4. How do you handle network troubleshooting at scale?


Use centralized tools like NetFlow, SNMP, syslog, and packet analyzers like Wireshark. CLI
tools such as ping, traceroute, and mtr help diagnose issues. Automate health checks and
use monitoring dashboards (e.g., SolarWinds, Zabbix) for visibility.

5. What are the different types of firewalls and how are they used?
Stateless firewalls: Basic packet filtering

Stateful firewalls: Track connection states

NGFWs (Next-Gen): Application-level inspection

Application firewalls: Deep inspection of specific app traffic


They enforce policies, protect against threats, and inspect traffic at different OSI layers.

6. How do you monitor network performance and what KPIs do you track?
Use tools like PRTG, Nagios, and SolarWinds. Key KPIs: latency, jitter, packet loss,
bandwidth usage, uptime, and MTTR. Monitoring ensures SLA compliance, optimizes
performance, and helps with early fault detection.

7. What is Segment Routing and how does it enhance MPLS networks?


Segment Routing (SR) uses labels (segments) in packet headers to dictate paths, replacing
traditional MPLS protocols like LDP. It simplifies traffic engineering, reduces signaling
overhead, and enables controller-based routing decisions.

8. How do you manage IP address planning and subnetting in large networks?


Use CIDR for efficient allocation, organize by region/function, reserve space for growth,
avoid overlaps, and use IPAM tools (like phpIPAM). Follow hierarchical and structured
planning to ease management.

9. Explain the concept of Zero Trust Architecture.


Zero Trust assumes no inherent trust inside or outside the network. It uses identity
verification, least privilege access, continuous monitoring, and micro-segmentation. Access
is granted based on user, device, and context verification.

10. How do you secure inter-data center or cloud communication?


Use encrypted tunnels like IPsec or SSL VPNs, DMVPN for scalable encrypted overlays,
and private cloud links (AWS Direct Connect, Azure ExpressRoute). Apply strict ACLs, use
firewalls, and monitor for anomalies.

11. What are the challenges of multi-cloud networking, and how do you solve them?
Challenges include inconsistent policies, complex routing, and limited visibility. Solutions
involve SD-WAN, cloud-native networking (e.g., VPC peering, transit gateways), centralized
policy control, and using observability tools.

12. Describe the function of EVPN (Ethernet VPN) in modern networks.


EVPN enables L2/L3 VPN services over MPLS/IP fabrics. It supports workload mobility,
multi-tenancy, ARP suppression, and control-plane learning via BGP. Often used with
VXLAN in data centers for efficient, scalable fabrics.

13. What is Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and how is it different from SDN?
NFV replaces physical appliances (e.g., firewalls, routers) with software running on virtual
machines. SDN separates control and data planes for centralized control. NFV virtualizes
services; SDN automates flow control. Together, they enable agile and programmable
networks.

14. How would you handle multicast traffic in a network?


Use IGMP for host group management and PIM (Sparse or Dense Mode) for routing. Enable
IGMP snooping to reduce unnecessary flooding. Use RP (Rendezvous Points) in PIM-SM for
efficient source discovery.

15. What are the security implications of IPv6, and how do you mitigate them?
IPv6 introduces threats like RA spoofing and lacks NAT. Mitigate with RA Guard, DHCPv6
snooping, and ACLs. Secure transition mechanisms (e.g., 6to4, Teredo) and disable unused
services to reduce attack surfaces.

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