CHAPTER Solutions Key

1 Foundations of Algebra
ARE YOU READY? PAGE 3 4a. 63s b. 63(12) = 756 bottles;
63(25) = 1575 bottles;
1. E; a result of subtraction 63(50) = 3150 bottles
2. B; a number that is multiplied by another number to THINK AND DISCUSS
form a product
1. addition - increase by, sum of;
3. A; the distance around a figure subtraction - decreased by, difference of;
4. D; the number of square units a figure covers multiplication - multiplied by, product of;
5. 23 + 6 = 29 6. 156 ÷ 12 = 13 division - divided by, quotient of

7. 18 × 96 = 1728 8. 85 - 62 = 23 2. Both types of expressions may contain numbers and

operation. Algebraic expressions may also contain
9. 2.18 + 6.9 10. 0.32 - 0.18 = 0.14 variables.
11. 29.34 + 0.27 = 29.61 12. 4 - 1.82 = 2.18 3. Words Algebra
13. 0.7 × 0.6 = 0.42 14. 2.5 × 0.1 = 0.25 Addition 3 more than x x+3
Subtraction 1 less than y y -1
15. 1.5 × 1.5 = 2.25 16. 3.04 × 0.12 = 0.3648 Multiplication The product of 2 and n 2n
x÷4
17. 6.15 ÷ 3 = 2.05 18. 8.64 ÷ 2 = 4.32 Division The quotient of x and 4

19. 7.2 ÷ 0.4 = 18 20. 92.7 ÷ 0.3 = 309

EXERCISES
21. __3 × __1 22. __
2 ÷ __1
GUIDED PRACTICE
5 2 3 6
= _____ = __
2 × __
3×1 6 1. variable
5×2 3 1
2–9. Possible answers given
= ___ = _____
3 2×6
10 3×1 2. 5 less than n; n decreased by 5
= ___
12 = 4
3. the quotient of f and 3; f divided by 3
3
23. __
7 × __ 24. 4 ÷ __
4 2 4. c increased by 15; the sum of c and 15
8 7 3 5. 9 decreased by y; y less than 9
= _____ = 4 × __
7×4 3
8×7 2 6. one-twelfth x; the quotient of x and 12
= ___ = __ = ___
28 1 12 = 6 7. the sum of t and 12; t increased by 12
56 2 2
8. the product of 8 and x; 8 groups of x
25. __
2 + __
2 = __ 26. - 1 = __
__
4 3 __ 2 = __
1
5 5 5 8 8 8 4 9. x decreased by 3; the difference of x and 3

27. __
1 + __
1 __
2
28. - __
4 10. 45h 11. w + 4
2 4 3 9 12. a - c 13. ab
= __
2 + __
1 = __ = __ - __
3 6 4 =3-2=1 3 · 4 = 12
4 4 4 9 9
14. b ÷ c 15. ac
4÷2=2 3·2=6
1-1 VARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS, 16a. 0.5d b. 0.5d
PAGES 6-11 0.5(2) = 1
0.5(4) = 2
CHECK IT OUT! 0.5(10) = 5
1. Possible answers given
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
a. 4 decreased by n; n less than 4
17. the product of 5 and p; 5 groups of p
b. the sum of 9 and q; q added to 9
18. 4 decreased by y; the difference of 4 and y
c. the quotient of t and 5; t divided by 5
19. the sum of 3 and x; 3 increased by x
d. the product of 3 and h; 3 times h.
20. the product of 3 and y; 3 times y
2a. 65t b. m + 5
21. negative 3 times s; the product of negative 3 and s
c. 32d 3a. mn
=3·2=6 22. the quotient of r and 5; one-fifth r
b. p - n c. p ÷ m 23. 14 decreased by t; the difference of 14 and t
=9-2=7 =9÷3=3 24. the sum of x and 0.5; x increased by 0.5

1 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

25. t + 20 26. 8n 42a. Let p represent the weight of an object on Earth in
27. 6 - 5 = 1 28. 5 + 3 = 8 pounds; 0.38p

29. 6 ÷ 3 = 2 30. 5 · 6 = 30 b. p = 120 + 44 = 164

0.38p = 0.38(164) = 62.31 lbs
31a. h - 40
43a. 47.84 + m b. 58.53 - s
b. h - 40
(40) - 40 = 0 44. Both algebraic and numerical expressions contain
(44) - 40 = 0 numbers and operations, but algebraic expressions
(48) - 40 = 0 also contain variables.
(52) - 40 = 0 Verbal Algebraic x = 12 x = 14
32. To evaluate an expression is to find its value. To do x reduced x-5 12 - 5 = 7 14 - 5 = 9
this, substitute values for the variables and perform by 5
all the indicated operations.
45. 7 more than x+7 12 + 7 = 19 14 + 7 = 21
x
33. 2x; possible answer: Jim has twice as many aunts
as Carly, who has x aunts. 46. The quotient
x _ 12 __
=6
14
=7 __
of x and 2 2 2 2
34. 17 - b; possible answer: Sarah started with
17 apples, but lost b of them. 47. The sum of x+3 12 + 3 = 15 14 + 3 = 17
x and 3
35. y + 10; possible answer; April had y CDs and then
got 10 more. TEST PREP

36a. air pressure 48. C; b fewer than 3. 49. F; 12 - 5

b. depth below the water in feet. 50. B; Sarah has driven the difference of 25 and x.

c. 14.7 + 0.445d CHALLENGE AND EXTEND

= 14.7 + 0.445(8)
= 14.7 + 3.56 51. 2ab = 2(6)(3) 52. 2x + y = 2(4) + (5)
= 18.26 psi = 36 = 8 + 5 = 13

37. A =  · w 53. 3x ÷ 6y = 3(6) ÷ 6(3)

A = 9w =1
2
A = 9(1) = 9 in A = 9(8) = 72 in 2 54. Let h represent the number of hours used in a
A = 9(9) = 81 in 2 A = 9(11) = 99 in 2 month when h is more than 20 hours.
9.95 + 0.50(h - 20)
38a. P = 2 + 2w b. P = 2 + 2w = 9.95 + 0.50(35 - 20)
= 2(14) + 2(8) = 9.95 + 0.50(15) = $17.45
= 28 + 16
= 44 cm SPIRAL REVIEW
c. A =  · w or w d. A = w 55. 180° - (45° + 90°) = 45°
= (8)(14)
56. 180° - (120° + 40°) = 40°
= 112 cm 2
57. 180° - (30° + 60°) = 90°
39. x x + 12
1 (1) + 12 = 13 58. 25% = ____
25
= __
1
100 4
2 (2) + 12 = 14
59. 50% = ____ = __
50 1
3 (3) + 12 = 15 100 2
(4) + 12 = 16 60. 75% = ____ = __
4 75 3
100 4
61. 100% = ____ = 1
40. x 10x 100
1 10(1) = 10 100
5 10(5) = 50 62. add 8 to the previous term; 36, 44, 52
10 10(10) = 100 63. multiply the previous term by 3; 729, 2187, 6561
15 10(15) = 150 64. Add 1 to the previous term, then add 2, and then
add 3, and so on; 17, 23, 30.
41. x x÷2
12 (12) ÷ 2 = 6
20 (20) ÷ 2 = 10
26 (26) ÷ 2 = 13
30 (30) ÷ 2 = 15

2 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 17. -11 __ ; start at 0, move __
3 1 right, then 12 left.
1-2 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING REAL
4 4
NUMBERS, PAGES 14-19
18. 5 __ ; start at 0, move __ left, then 6 right.
3 2
CHECK IT OUT! 5 5

1a. 4; Start on -3 and move 7 to the right. 19. -18 + (-12) = -30

b. -10; Start on -3 and move 7 to the left. 20. -2.3 + 3.5 = 1.2
21. (-15) + 29 = 14
c. 1.5; Start on -5 and move 6.5 to the right.
22. -4.8 + (-5.4) = -10.2
2a. -12 b. -35.8 23. 12 - 22 = -10
c. -16 3
( )
24. - __ - - __
1 = - __
1
3a. -8 b. __
2 ( )
1 - -3 __1
2
4 4 2
25. 38 - (24.6) = 13.4
= __ = 4
8

c. -2
2 26. __
3 ( )
2 - - __
1 = __
2
2 + __
1 = __
3 2 6 6 6
4 + __ = 7 = 1 __
3 __ 1
6
27. Since we are trying to find the difference of the two
4. 550 - (-12,468) = 13,018 ft
temperature, we subtract 17° by -6°.
17 - (-6) = 23°
THINK AND DISCUSS
1. Subtraction of a negative number is addition of a n n + (-5)
positive number. This means you move right on the 28. 312 312 + (-5) = 307
number line, making the sum greater than the first 29. 5.75 5.75 + (-5) = 0.75
number.
30. - __
7 __
- 7 + (-5) = -5
7 __
2. 12 12 12
Points Sum Difference
A, B Neg. Neg. 31. -7 _2 2_
-7 + (-5) = -12
2 _
5 5 5
B, A Neg. Pos.
32. -8 - 3 = -11 33. -9 + (-3) = -12
C, B Neg. Pos.
34. 16 - (-16) = 32 35. 100 - 63 = 37
D, A Pos. Pos.
36. 5.2 - 2.5 = 2.7 37. -4.7 - (-4.7) = 0

38. __
2 - __ 39. __
2 - ___
7 3
EXERCISES 5 8 5 10
GUIDED PRACTICE
= ___
16 ___
-
35
= - ___
19
= ___
4 - ___
3
= ___
1
1. opposite 40 40 40 10 10 10
40a. You are looking for the total profit of January and
2. 3; start at 0, move 4 left, then 7 right.
February, find the sum of the profits.
3. -8.5; start at 0, move 3.5 left, then 5 left. -415 + 1580 = $1165
4. -3.6; start at 0, move 5.6 right, then 9.2 left. b. Total profit of January, February, March
5. 9 __
1 ; start at 0, move 3 right, then 6 __
1 right. 1165 + (-245) = $920
4 4 41. -4 - (-6) = 2 > -7 - 3 = -10
7. 1 __ + (-1 __ ) = __
9 5 4=1
6. 91 + (-11) = 80 42. ⎪-51⎥ = 51 > ⎪0⎥ = 0
4 4 4
43. 3 - (-3) = 6 > 0 - (-3) = 3
8. 15.6 + (-17.9) = -2.3
10 ___
9. - ___
1 + __ = - __1 + ___
5 9 44. -3 - 8 = -11 = -22 + 11 = -11
=
16 8 6 16 16 45. ⎪-10 + 5⎥ = 5 < ⎪-15⎥ = 15
10. 23 - 36 = -13 11. 4.3 - 8.4 = -4.1
46. 9 + (-8) = 1 = -12 + 13 = 1
( )
__
1
12. 1 - 2 = -
5
__
4
5 5
__
6 ___
14
5 47. Highest location: Telescope Peak, 11,049 ft
__
8 __
3 Lowest location: Badwater, -282 ft
= - = -1
5 5 Highest - Lowest = 11,049 - (-282) = 11,331 ft
13. ___
7
10
- - __
2
5 ( )
= ___7 + ___
10 10 10
11 = 1 ___
4 = ___ 1
10
48. always; possible answer: The value of -2 + n is
always two units less than the value of n.
14. Since we are looking for the sum of the decrease, 49. never; possible answer: -b + (-b) = -2b. If b is not
we add the two negative numbers. equal to 0, then -2b cannot equal 0
-108.35 + (-507.99) = -616.34 50. sometimes; Possible answer: if x ≥ -1, then
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING x + 1 ≥ 0, and if x < -1, then x + 1 < 0

15. 4; start at 0, move 2 left, then 6 right. 51. A; The opposite of -8 should have been added.

16. 4; start at 0, move 6 right, then 2 left.

3 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

52a. plane’s altitude - building’s height 1-3 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING REAL
= (1800) - (150) = 1650 ft NUMBERS, PAGES 20–25

CHECK IT OUT!
¶ÊvÌ 1a. 35 ÷ (-5) = -7 b. -11(-4) = 44

£nääÊvÌ c. -6(7) = -42

2a. - __ ÷ -9
3
£xäÊvÌ 4
= - __ - __
3 1
4 9 ( )
b. plane’s altitude - diver’s depth = ___
3
= ___
1
36 12
= (1800) - (-80) = 1880 ft
___ ÷ (- __ ) c. - __ ÷ 1 __
3 6 5 2
b.
10 5 6 3
___ × (- __ ) = _____
3 5 3(-5)
=
£nääÊvÌ 10 6 6(5)
5 ___
__ = - ____
¶ÊvÌ 3 5(3)
=- ×
6 10 6(5)
ÊnäÊvÌ ___ = - __ = - __ = - __
15 1 3 1
=-
60 4 6 2
c. 1880 ft; because subtracting a negative number is
the same as adding a positive number.
3a. 0 ÷ -8 __( )
1 =0
6
b. 2.04 ÷ 0 = undefined

53. Possible answer: The first example shows that c. (-12,350)(0) = 0

adding the opposite of 2 is the same as subtracting 4. distance = (speed)(time)
2. The second example shows that subtracting the = (5.25 mi/h)(1.5 h) = 7.875 mi
opposite of 2 is the same as adding 2. After adding
two numbers, you can get back to the first number
by subtracting the second number. THINK AND DISCUSS
1. a number multiplied by its reciprocal is 1. The
TEST PREP
reciprocal of __
4 is __
5
.
54. B; ⎪-3 + 5⎥ = ⎪2⎥ = 2 - 3 + 5 5 4
55. F; -12 + 25 - 10 - 3 = 0° 2. Multiplying and Dividing Numbers
56. C; 5.40 + 4.16 + 7.07 + 5.4 + 9.52 = $31.55 Multiplication Division
pos  pos = pos pos ÷ pos = pos
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
pos  neg = neg pos ÷ neg = neg
57. -1.2 - 7.8 = -9 neg  pos = neg neg ÷ pos = neg

58. -0.2 + 2.1 = 1.9 neg  neg = pos neg ÷ neg = pos

59. 9.75 - 7.75 = 2

60. -2.3 + 8.5 = 6.2 EXERCISES
61. Possible answer: subtract 4; -2, -6, -10 GUIDED PRACTICE
1. switch the numerator and denominator. The
62. Possible answer: add __ 2 , 0, __
2 ; - __ 2
5 5 5 reciprocal of __
1 is __
2 , or 2.
2 1
63. To find the average of the elevations, first find the
2. -72 ÷ (-9) = 8 3. 11(-11) = -121
sum of the elevations then divide by the number of
locations. 4. -7.2 ÷ (3.6) = -2
19,347 + 17,159 + 5051 + 9085
___________________________
4
5. 5 ÷
7
__5 6. __
5 ( )
4 ÷ - __ 7
5
= ______
50,642
4
= 12,660.5 ft = 5 × __
7=7
5 = __
5 ( )
4 × - __5
7
SPIRAL REVIEW =- ____
4(5)
5(7)
___
3 2 = 0.−
65. __ ___
= 0.1875 = - __
64. 2 20 4
16 9 =-
35 7
66. ___ = 1.25
15 4 = 0.−−
67. ___ 36
12 11
68. 2(180˚) = 360˚ 69. 4(180˚) = 720˚

70. 3(180˚) = 540˚

4 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 7. - __ ( )
2 ÷ - __1 8. - ___ ÷ - __
16
( )
4 35. ab = (4)(-3)
= -12
36. a ÷ c = (4) ÷ - __
1
2 ( )
3 3 25 5 = 4 × (-2) = -8
__
2
= - × (-3)
3
=- ___
16
25 ( )
× - __
5
4 ( )
37. bc = (-3) - __
1
2
38. c ÷ a = - __ ( )
1 ÷ (4)
2
-2(-3)
= _______ = 2 -16(-5)
= ________ = __
3 1 × __
= - __ 1 = - __
1
3 25(4) 2 2 4 8
= ____
80
= __
4 39. negative 40. zero
100 5
41. negative 42. zero
9. 3.8 ÷ 0 = undefined 10. 0(-27) = 0
43. positive 44. positive
11. 0 ÷ __ = 0
2 12. __
7 ÷ 0 = undefined
45. undefined 46. zero
3 8
13. The total money spent is equal to the product of cost
47. y ÷ __3 = __3 ÷ __3 48. y ÷ __3 = -___
9
÷ __
3
per ticket and the number of tickets sold. 4 4 4 4 16 4
=1
($30)(7,000,000) = $210,000,000 = - ___ × __
9 4
So, about $210,000,000. 16 3
= - _____
9(4)
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING 16(3)
14. -30 ÷ (-6) = 5 15. 8(-4) = -32 =- ___
36
= - __
3
48 4
16. (-25)(-12) = 300
49. y ÷ __3 = __3 ÷ __3 50. y ÷ __3 = -2__1 ÷ __3
17. - ___ ÷ (- __ ) 18. ___ ÷ ___
3 1 3 15 4 8 4 4 4 4
20 6 14 28 __
3 __
= × 4 = - __ × __
9 4
= - ___ × (-6) = ___ × ___
3 3 28 8 3 4 3
= ____ = - ____
20 14 15 3(4) 9(4)
-3(-6) ______
3(28)
= _______ = 8(3) 4(3)
14(15)
= 12 = __
___ ___
20 1 36
=- = -3
= ___ = ___ ____ = __
18 9 84 2
= 24 2 12
20 10 210 5
51. __
1 ÷ m = __1 ÷ - __ 52. __
1 ÷ m = __ 1 ÷ __
5 7
19. -4 __
1 ÷ 1 __
1 20. 2 __ ÷ -1 __
3 1
( ) 2 2 2 2 2 8
= __
1 × - __ __ __
2 2 4 2 2 1 8
= ×
= - __ ÷ __
9
2
3
2 = ___
11
( )
÷ - __
3 2 5 2 7
= _____ = ____
4 2 1(-2) 1(8)
9 __
__
=- ×2
2 3 = ___
11
4
× -
3( )
__
2 2(5) 2(7)
___
= - ___
2 = - __ = __
1 8 4
= - ____
9(2) =
2(3) = ______
11(-2) 10 5 14 7
4(3)
= - ___ = -3
18 53. __
1 ÷ m = __ 1 ÷ __
4 54. __
1 ÷ m = __ 1 ÷ -5
6 = - ___
22 = - ___
11
2 2 9 2 2
12 6
= ×__
1 __
9 __
1
= ×- __
1
21. 0 · 15 = 0 22. -0.25 ÷ 0 = undefined 2 4 2 5
23. 0 ÷ 1 = 0 24. __0 ÷ 3 = ____
1(9) =- ____
1
1 2(4) 2(5)
=0÷3=0
= __
9 =-1 ___
25. The temperature after 5 days is the total 8 10
temperature change. Since each day’s decrease is 55. To find how many hours Benjamin must take each
constant, the total temperature is 5d, where d is the semester to graduate in 8 semesters, divide total
constant decrease in degrees. credit hours required by the number of semesters.
5d = 5(-3) = -15° 120 ÷ 8 = 15.
26. 21 ÷ (-3) = -7 27. -100 ÷ 25 = -4 So, 15 hours per semester.

___ 56. The underwater cave is 7 times the depth of the

= __
6 3
28. -6 ÷ (-14) = original swimming depth before the dive.
14 7
-20 × 7 = -140
29. -6.2(10) = -62 30. __
1 ÷ __
1=1
2 2 So, -140 ft.
31. -3.75(-5) = 18.75

32. -12 __
1 (-3) = 36 __
3 ___
=
75 ( )
57. 10 - __
1 = -5 < 20 ÷ 4 = 5
2
2 2 2
58. 16 ÷ (-2) = -8 < -2(-4) = 8
( )
33. 17 ___
1 =1
17
34. 1
()
59. -2 __
2 ÷ 3 = - __
4 > 5(-2.4) = -12
3 9

5 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

60. 20 ÷ 4 = 5 > __3 ÷ (-__1 ) = -__3 CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
4 2 2
61. 2.1(-3.4) = 7.14 = 2.1(-3.4) = 7.14 76. (-2)(-2)(-2) = -8 77. __5 · __5
7 7
( )
62. 0 - __ = 0 < __
3
5
1 ÷ __
2
1=1
2
= ____ = ___
5(5)
7(7)
25
49
63a. positive b. negative
c. The product of two negative numbers is positive.
( )( )
78. 5 - __
4 - __
5
3
4 ⎪ ⎥
79. - __
1 · ⎪20⎥
4
The product of a positive number and a negative
number is negative. 5( )( )
= __ - __
5 4 (-3) = 3
4
()
= __
1 (20) = 5
4

5⎥ ⎪2⎥
81. ⎪- __
2 · __
5
d. No; it does not matter how many times you multiply 80. 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 · 1 = 120
by a positive number, the sign does not change.
= __
2 · __
5
=1
64. 12 ÷ -3 = 12(- __ ) 65. 75 ÷ 15 = 75( ___ )
1 1 5 2

( )( )( )
3 15
82. __
1 · __
2 · __ __4 83. - __ - __ - __ = - ___
3 3 3 3 27
·
= 80(- __ ) ( )
___ 2 3 4 5 4 4 4 64
67. _____
-121 = -121 ___
80 1 1
66.
-8 8 11 11
2
( )(
= 1 __ __
2 3
3
)(__4 )(__1 ) = __1
4 5 5
68. always; A negative divided by a positive is always
84. (2 )
3 2
negative.
69. never; A negative times a positive is always = 8 2 = 64
negative. 85. possible answer: multiply by -2; -16, 32, -64
9 , - ___
86. possible answer: multiply by -3; __ 27 , ___
81
70. sometimes; 4C > C only if C is positive. 7 7
7
71. You know that the product is positive and one factor 87. possible answer: The numbers are alternating
is negative. If the second factor were positive, the positive and negative multiples of 5; 30, -35, 40
product would be negative, because the product of a 88. possible answer: multiply by 0.5; 0.03125, 0.015625,
negative factor and a positive factor is negative. This 0.0078125
is not true, so the second factor must be negative.
89. For a job that takes 4 hours to complete, a cleaning
72a. To find the speed, use the formula, r = __ . d
d
t service will charge $49.00 plus the 2 additional
represents the distance, and t represents time. hours for $18 per hour.
You swam 20 feet in 5 seconds, d = 20 ft, t = 5s. 49 + 2(18) = $85
Substitute these values into the formula to find
speed. SPIRAL REVIEW

r = ___ ft/s = 4 ft/s. 90. SA = 2(3)(4) + 2(3)(12) + 2(4)(12)

20
5 = 24 + 72 + 96
b. Time (min) Depth (ft) = 192 cm 2
1 15 91. SA = 2(5)(21) + 2(5)(25) + 2(21)(25)
2 30 = 210 + 250 + 1050
2
5 75 SA = 1510 in
92. 200 - t 93. -5 < 5
c. 5 · 15 = 75
15 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 15 = 75 94. 14 > - 2 95. 4 = 4
96. -55 = -55
TEST PREP
73. C; Divide to find the number of lemons: 1 __1 ÷ __
1=
2
2 4 1-4 POWERS AND EXPONENTS,
__3 ÷ __1 = __
3 __
· 4 = 6. Multiply by $0.45 to find total PAGES 26-31
2 4 21 1
cost: 6($0.45) = $2.70 CHECK IT OUT!
74. J; (15 × 12)(1.25) = $225 1a. 2 2 b. x 3
75. Clarinets: 1 half note = _1 whole note; 8 half notes = 3
2a. (-5) = (-5)(-5)(-5) = -125
2
4 whole notes; find the number of quarter notes that 2
have the same length as 4 whole notes; 4 ÷ _1 = 16; b. -6 = -(6)(6) = -36
4
the flutes play 16 quarter notes.
(__43 ) = (__34 )(__34 )(__43 ) = ___
3
c. 27
64
2
3a. 64 = 8 · 8 = 8
3
b. -27 = (-3)(-3)(-3) = (-3)
8
4. 2 = 256

6 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

THINK AND DISCUSS 35. -2 3 = -8 = (-1) 3 = -8
2 2
1. eight cubed; eight raised to the third power. 36. -3 = -9 < (-3) = 9
2. Even Odd
2 6
37. 10 = 100 > 2 = 64
Exponent Exponent 2 1
38. 2 = 4 = 4 = 4 39. 2 3 = 2 · 2 · 2 = 8
Positive 32 = 9 33 = 27
7
Base Positive Positive 40. 1 = 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 = 1
Negative (-3) = 9
2
(-3) = -27
3 3
41. (-4) = (-4)(-4)(-4) = -64
Base Positive Negative
3
42. -4 = -(4 · 4 · 4) = -64
3
EXERCISES 43. (-1) = (-1)(-1)(-1) = -1
4
GUIDED PRACTICE 44. (-1) = (-1)(-1)(-1)(-1) = 1

( ) = (__13 )(__13 )(__13 ) = ___

1. the number of times to use the base as a factor
45. __
3
1 1
2 3 3 27
2. 4 3. 2
2 2
4. 9 5. (7)(7) = 49 46. -2.2 = -(2.2 · 2.2)
6. (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) = 16 47a. A = s
2
b. A = s 2
7. (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) = -32 = 6 2 = 36 in 2 = 3 2 = 9 in 2

( )( )( )( )
2
1 __
8. - __ 1 __
1 __
1 = - ___
1 9. 81 = 9 · 9 = 9 2 c. A = s
2 2 2 2 16 = 36 - 9 = 27 in 2
10. 100,000 = (10)(10)(10)(10)(10) = 10 5 48. 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 3
4
49. 6 · 6 = 6 2
3
11. -64 = (-4)(-4)(-4) = (-4) 50. 8 · 8 · 8 · 8 · 8 = 8
5

1 4
12. 10 = 10 13. 81 = (3)(3)(3)(3) = 3 4 51. (-1)(-1)(-1)(-1) = (-1)
53. __
1 __
( )( )( ) ( )
1 __
1 = __ 3
2
52. (-7)(-7)(-7) = (-7)
3 1
14. 36 = (-6)(-6) = (-6)
9 9 9 9
5 2
15. (3)(3)(3)(3)(3) = 3 = 243 54. A = s
= 24 2 = 576 cm 2
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
55. First round 22.7 cm to 20 cm
16. 5 2 17. 3 3 V = s 3 ≈ 20 3 = 8000 cm 3
18. 5
3
19. (3)(3)(3) = 27 Then round 22.7 cm up, to 25 cm
V = s 3 ≈ 25 3 = 15,625 cm 3
20. (-4)(-4) = 16 21. -(4)(4) = -16
So a good esitmate is between 8000 cm 3 and
( )( )
22. - __ - __ = ___
3
5
3
5
9
25
23. 49 = (7)(7) = 7 2 15,625 cm 3.
2
3 56. 4 = 2 · 2 = 2 57. 16 = 4 · 4 = 4 2
24. 1000 = (10)(10)(10) = 10 4
3
58. 16 = (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) = (-2)
25. -8 = (-2)(-2)(-2) = (-2) 4
6
59. 625 = 5 · 5 · 5 · 5 = 5
26. 1,000,000 = (10)(10)(10)(10)(10)(10) = 10 3
60. -8 = -(2 · 2 · 2) = -2
3 3
27. 64 = (4)(4)(4) = 4 28. 343 = (7)(7)(7) = 7 2
61. 100 = 10 · 10 = 10 62. 125 = 5 · 5 · 5 = 5 3
29. First you need to find how many times the number 4
63. 81 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 3
of protozoas has doubled.
______
5 days 64a. Since there are 5 heads, Mark’s score is 2 5 = 32
= 4, So the number has doubled 4 times. 3
1.25 days
b. Since there are 3 tails, Becky’s score is 3 = 27
Then you write an expression that represents the
problem. There was one protozoan on a slide 5 days c. If the coin is fair, about half the tosses should result
ago, and the number has doubled 4 times since. in heads and half should result in tails. Becky’s
1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 2 4 = 16 score is increasing by a greater factor each time
So there are 16 protozoas now. the coin lands tails up, so she will probably win.
2 25 ≈ 34,000,000 < 3 25 ≈ 847,289,000,000
30. Any number other than zero raised to an even 2
power is positive. Zero raised to any power other 65a. 10 = 100
than zero is zero. 10 3 = 1000
10 4 = 10,000
31. 3 2 < 3 3 32. 5 2 = 25 < 2 5 = 32
2 2
b. The exponent is the same as the number of zeros
33. 4 = 16 = 2 = 16 34. 1 9 = 1 4 in the answer.

7 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

66a. p = __
F
A 85. -20(-14) 86. __( )
1 - __
2 5
4
p = ____ = __
50 1 psi = 280
= _____
100 2 1(-4)
b. First determine the number of square inches in a 2(5)
square foot. = ___
-4 = - __
2
1 ft = 12 in. 10 5
1 2 ft 2 = 12 2 in 2
1 ft 2 = 144 in 2
1-5 ROOTS AND REAL NUMBERS,
p = __
F PAGES 32-37
A
= ____
64
= __
4 psi CHECK IT OUT!
144 9
1a. √
4= √
22 = 2 25 = - √
b. - √ 5 2 = -5
TEST PREP
c. √
4
81 = √4 
34 = 3
67. C; 9 2 = 81 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3
4 2a. __
2 · __
2 = __4 b. __
1 · __ 1 = __
1 · __ 1
68. G; (-16)(-16)(-16)(-16) = (-16) 3 3 9 2 2 2 8

√
__4 = __2

√ __1 = __1
3 
69. B; the number is negative
9 3 8 2
70. H; because 100 is an even number.

CHALLENGE AND EXTEND

c. - ·__
2
7 7( __
2 4
49)
= - ___

71. (2 2)(2 2)(2 2) 72. (2 3)(2 3)(2 3)

- ___

49 √
4 = - __2
7
= 4 · 4 · 4 = 64 = 8 · 8 · 8 = 512 3
3. 2.9 = 24.389
2 2 2 2
73. (-4 )(-4 )(-4 )(-4 ) 3.03 = 27
= (-16)(-16)(-16)(-16) = 65,536 Since 26 is closer to 3.03 than it is to 2.93, the length
2
74.a. A = s = 30
2
b. side = 30 - 2(2.5) = 25ft of the side of the cube, to the nearest tenth, is 3.0 ft.
= 900 ft 2
Area = 25 2 = 625 ft 2 4a. ; repeating decimal b. , , term. dec.
c. A = 900 - 625 = 275 ft 2 c. irrational d. , , , , term. dec.
d. 275 ÷ 10 = 27.5; 28 bags
2
75a. 4 = 4 · 4 THINK AND DISCUSS
43 = 4 · 4 · 4 _2 = 0.6; _3 = 0.6; both numbers are rational, _2 is
1.
b. 4 2 · 4 3 = (4 · 4) · (4 · 4 · 4) = 4 5 repeating _ is a terminating decimal
3 5 3 3

2 3 5
c. 2 + 3 = 5; the sum of the exponents in 4 and 4 2. Rational number
5
is the exponent in the product 4 . __1 __1 -2.25
3 4

No Yes
SPIRAL REVIEW
Irrational number
7+7+8+8 1+3+5+7+9 No
76. ____________ 77. _______________ √21

4 5
= ___
30
= 7.5 = ___
25
=5 Integer
4 5
-15
10 + 9 + 9 + 12 + 12
__________________
78. Yes No
5
= ___ = 10.4
52 Whole number
5 0

79. 5 minus x; x less than 5 Yes No

80. 6 times n; the product of 6 and n Natural number

4 √25 24 (-1)2
81. c divided by d; the quotient of c and d
82. the sum of a and b; b more than a
EXERCISES
83. __
4 ÷ ___ __6
8
84. 0 ÷ GUIDED PRACTICE
5 25 7
=0
= __
4 × ___ 1. Possible answer: √
25 3
5 8
_____
4(25) 64 = √
2. √ 82 = 8 225 = - √
3. - √ 15 2
= = -15
5(8)
= ____ = __
100 5
40 2

8 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

 (-64) = √ √4 
3
√ (-4) 3 5. √625
 = 54 = 5 3
4
31. 4.0 = 64
3
4.
= -4 4.1 3 = 68.921
81 = √ 27 = - √ Since 68 is closer to 4.1 3 than to 4.0 3, the
3
6. √ 92 = 9 7. - √ 3 3 = -3
3

length of the side of the paperweight, to the nearest

-27 = - √ 16 = - √
3
8. - √ (-3) 3 = 3 9. - √ 4 2 = -4
3
tenth of a centimeter is 4.1.
10. __
1 · __
1 = ___1 11. __
2 · __
2 · __
2= ___
8 32. , repeating decimal
4 4 16 3 3 3 27
33. , terminating decimal, , ,
√ √
___
1 = __
 1 3 
___
8 = __2
16 4 27 3 34. , terminating decimal, 

(
12. - __
3 3
1 = - __
1 · __
)
1
9
13. __
3 · __
8 8
3 = ___9
64
35. irrational
36a. s = √343
 b. A = s 2
3

- __

1
9 √ __
= -1
3 √ 
___
9 = __
64
3
8 = √7
3
3 = 7 cm = 7 2 = 49 cm 2

14. __
1 · __
1 = ___
1 15. __
1 · __
1 · __
1= ___
1 37. 8 = √
64 > √
63 38. √
88 > 9 = √
81
6 6 36 4 4 4 64

√___
1 = __

36
1
6 √ ___
3 
1 =
64
__1
4
39. 6 = √
36 < √
40 40. √
___
9 = __
25
3 = 0.6 < 0.61
5

(
16. - __
9 9 )
2 = - ___
2 · __ 4
81
41. _______
1485 mi = 45 mi/h
33 h
1046 mi = 38.−−−
42. _______
27 h
740 mi/h
, terminating decimal, , repeating decimal
- ___

81 √
4 = - __
2
9 , ,

( )( )( )
17. - __
1 - __
5
1 - __
5
1 = - ____
5
1
125
43. ______
24 h
424 mi = 47.−
831 mi = 34.625 mi/h 44. ______
9h
1 mi/h
, terminating decimal , repeating decimal
- ____√
1 = - __
3  1
125 5 45. always; mixed numbers can be written as improper
2 fractions
18. 6.7 = 44.89
6.8 2 = 46.24 46. Never; the decimal form of an irrational number is a
Since 45 is closer to 6.7 2 than 6.8 2, the length of the nonterminating, nonrepeating decimal.
floor to the nearest tenth is 6.7 ft. 47. Always; every terminating decimal can be written as
19. , terminating decimal,  a fraction whose denominator is a power of 10.
20. , repeating decimal 48. Sometimes; - √
2 is irrational, but -6.2 is rational.
21. irrational 49. No; a positive number has only one cube root
22. , terminating decimal because a negative number cubed results in a
negative number. A positive number has two fourth
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING roots because a negative number raised to the
fourth power results in a positive number.
23. √ 24. √
3
121 -1000
50a. a2 + b2 = c2 b. c 2 = a 2 + b 2
= √ = √
3
11 2 = 11 (-10) 3 = -10
5 2 + 12 2 = c 2 c 2 = 50 2 + 120 2
25. - √ 26. √
4
100 256 25 + 144 = c 2 c 2 = 2500 + 144,000
= - √ = √ 169 = c 2 c 2 = 169,000
4
10 2 = -10 44 = 4
13 = c c = √
169,000
27. __
1 · __
1= ___
1 28. __
1 · __
1 · __
1 · __
1= ___
1 c = 130 ft
5 5 25 2 2 2 2 16
51. s = √A
___
1 =
25
__1
5 √ ___
4 
1 =
16
__1
2 = √
324 = 18
So there are 18 squares on each side of the board.
( ) ( ) ( )
29. - __
1 · - __
2
1 · - __
2
1 = - __
2
1
8 52. Possible answer: There is no number that when
squared results in a negative number, but when you
√ - __
1 = - __
3  1
cube a negative number, the result is a negative
8 2
number.
( )
30. - __ · __ = - ___
5 5
6 6
25
36 TEST PREP
- √ 
___
25
36
=- __
5
6 27 < √
53. C; √
3 3
36 < √
3
64 , or 3 < √
3
36 < 4
54. F; √
36 · √
16 = 6 · 4 = 24
55. D; 40 is not an exact square, so √
40 is irrational.
2 2
56. H; 13 = 169 < 175 < 196 = 14

9 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

CHALLENGE AND EXTEND READY TO GO ON? PAGE 39
57. √0.81
 58. √0.25
 1–4. Possible answers given
= √
0.9 2 = 0.9 = √
0.5 2 = 0.5 1. the sum of 4 and n; 4 increased by n

59. 
3

-0.001 60. √2.25
 2. the difference of m and 9; 9 less than m

= √ = √
3 3. g divided by 2; the quotient of g and 2
(-0.1) 3 = -0.1 1.5 2 = 1.5
4. 4 times z; the product of 4 and z
61. √
a + b = √
9+7  - a = 7 √
62. b √a 9-9
5. The amount of money earned will be the product of
= √
16 = 4 = 7(3) - 9
15 and h, or 15h.
= 21 - 9 = 12
6. The number of minutes left after m minutes will
63. √
b + a + ab = √
4 4
7 + 9 + (9)(7)
be the difference between total practice time and
= √
4
16 + 63
elapsed time, 90 - m.
= 2 + 63 = 65
7. y ÷ z = (6) ÷ (2) 8. xy = (3)(6)
64. √ab
+1= √
(9)(7)+1 =3 = 18
= √
64 = 8
9. x + y = (3) + (6) 10. x - z = (3) - (2)
65a. No; possible answer: there are no integers between =9 =1
1 and 2. 11. 81 - 15 = 66 12. 27 - 32 = -5
13. 2 + 1 __
1 = 3 __
b. Possible answer: between 0 and 1, there is another 1 14. (-7) - 14 = -21
real number r. Between 0 and r, there is another 4 4
real number q. Between 0 and q, there is another 15. -45 + 70 = 25
real number s, and so on. Therefore, there must be So Brandon’s balance will be $25.00
infinitely many real numbers between 0 and 1. 16. 9(-9) = -81

17. 6 ÷ __
3
SPIRAL REVEW 18. 9.6 ÷ 0 = undefined
5
66. -14 + (-16) = -30 67. - __ ( )
1 - - __
4
3
4
__
6 __
= ×
1
5
3
19. - __
2 2 ( )
1 = __
1 - __ 1
4
____
6(5)
= __
2 = __
1 =
1(3)
4 2
68. 25 - (17.6) = 7.4 = ___
30
= 10

( ) ( )
3
1 ÷ - __
69. __ 1 · - __
2 = __ 3
3 2 20. Use the formula d = r · t to find the distance.
8 8
d=r·t
= _____ = - ___
1(-3) 3
8(2) 16 d = 55 · 2 __
1
2
71. - ___
21 = -____ = - __ d = ___ · __
7(3) 7 55 5
70. (-2.5)(-8) = 2.5(8)
6 2(3) 2 1 2
= 20
or 3.5 d= _____
55(5)
1(2)
d= ____
275
72. -(3 · 3 · 3 · 3) = -81 2
( )( )( )
73. - __
2 - __
5
2 - __
5
2 = - ____
5
8
125
d = 137.5 mi
So Simon’s house is 138.5 mi from the beach.
2
74. 14 · 14 = 196 75. 4 · 4 · 4 = 64 21. (-3) = (-3)(-3) 22. -3 2 = -(3 · 3)
=9 = -9

( ) = (-__23 )(-__32 )(-__23 )

23. - __
3
2
3
= - ___
8
27

( ) ( )( )( )( )( )
24. - __1 5 = - __
2
1 - __
2
1 - __
2
1 - __
2
1 - __
2
1
2
= - ___
1
32
25. 2 10 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2
= 1024
26. √225 = √15 2 27. - √49 = - √ 72
= 15 = -7

√( )

28. √
3
8 = √
3
2·2·2 √ 
29. ___ =
16
25
__4 2
5
=2 = __
4
5

10 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

30. , repeating decimal 2. 5 - 12 ÷ (-2) 3. 30 - 5 · 3
31. , repeating decimal = 5 + 6 = 11 = 30 - 15 = 15

32. irrational number 4. 50 - 6 +8 5. 12 ÷ (-4)(3)

= 44 + 8 = 52 = -3(3) = -9
33. , terminating decimal, , , 
6. (5 - 8)(3 - 9) 7. 16 + (5 - (3 + 2 2))
34. , terminating decimal, 
= (-3)(-6) = 18 = 16 + (5 - (3 + 4))
= 16 + (5 - 7)
1-6 ORDER OF OPERATIONS, = 16 + (-2) = 14
PAGES 40-45 8. 5 + 2x - 9 = 5 + 2(4) - 9
=5+8-9
CHECK IT OUT!
= 13 - 9 = 4
1a. 8 ÷ __
1·3 b. 5.4 - 3 2 + 6.2
2 9. 30 ÷ 2 - d = 30 ÷ 2 - (14)
=8×2·3 = 5.4 - 9 + 6.2
= 15 - 14 = 1
= 16 · 3 = 2.6
10. 51 - 91 + g = 51 - 91 + (20)
= 48 = -40 + 20 = -20
c. -20 ÷ (-2(4 + 1))
11. 2(3 + n) = 2(3 + (4)) 12. 4(b - 4) 2 = 4((5) - 4) 2
= -20 ÷ (-2(5))
2
= -20 ÷ -10 = 2(7) = 14 = 4(1) = 4
=2 13. 12 + (20(5 - k)) = 12 + (20(5 - 1))
2a. 14 + x 2 ÷ 4 = 14 + (2) 2 ÷ 4 = 12 + (20(4))
= 14 + 4 ÷ 4 = 12 + (80) = 92
= 14 +1
= 15 14. 24 ÷ ⎪4 - 10⎥ 15. 4.5 - √2(4.5)
= 24 ÷ ⎪-6⎥ = 4.5 - √9
b. (x · 2 2) ÷ (2 + 6) = ((6) · 2 2) ÷ (2 + 6) = 24 ÷ 6 = 4 = 4.5 - 3 = 1.5
= (6 · 4) ÷ (2 + 6)
= 24 ÷ 8 16. 5(2) + 16 ÷ ⎪-4⎥ 17. ______
0 - 24
6+2
=3 = 10 + 16 ÷ 4
= 10 + 4 = 14 = - ___
24
+
3a. _________
5 2(-8) 8
b. ⎪4 - 7⎥ 2 ÷ (-3)
(-2) 3 - 3 = -3
= ⎪-3⎥ 2 ÷ (-3)
2 + 3(6)
_______
= ______
5 - 16 = 3 2 ÷ -3 18. 19. -44 ÷ √12 ÷ 3
-8 -3 = 9 ÷ -3 22 = -44 ÷ √4
2 + 18
______
= ____
-11 = -3 = = -44 ÷ 2
-11 4
= ___ = -22
20
=1
4
c. 3 √50 - 1 4. 6.2(9.4 + 8 ) =5
= 3 √49 20. 5⎪s + (-2)⎥ 21. 12(-2 +6)
=3·7 _________
14
= 21 22.
52 + (-3)
5. 223 + 46 + 2(7) + 3(39) 23. Use the formula 2πr(h + r)
= 223 +46 + 14 + 117 2π(3)(7 + 3)
= 400 = 6π(10)
= 60π ≈ 188.4 ft 2
THINK AND DISCUSS
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
1. Not always; subtraction should be performed before
additon if it comes before addition from left to right 24. 3 + 4(-5) 25. 20 - 4 + 5 - 2
or if it is within grouping symbols. = 3 - 20 = -17 = 16 + 5 - 2
2. = 21 - 2 = 19
20 - 3 + 2  5
26. 41 + 12 ÷ 2 27. 3(-9) + (-2)(-6)
(20 - 3 + 2)  5 (20 - 3) + 2  5 20 - (3 + 2)  5 = 41 + 6 = 47 = -27 + 12 = -15
-5
28. 10 2 ÷ (10 - 20) 29. (6 + 2 · 3) ÷ (9 -7) 2
95 27

= 100 ÷ (-10) = -10 = (6 + 6) ÷ 2 2

EXERCISES = 12 ÷ 4 = 3
GUIDED PRACTICE 30. -9 - (-18) + 6 31. 15 ÷ (2 - 5)
1. Use the order of operations to make sure that = 9 + 6 = 15 = 15 ÷ (-3) = -5
everyone gets the same value for an expression.

11 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

32. 5(1 - 2) - (3 - 2) c. 50 · 10 ÷ 2 d. 50 ÷ 10 · 2
= 5(-1) - 1 = 500 ÷ 2 = 250 = 5 · 2 = 10
= -5 - 1 = -6 e. 50 - 10 · 2 f. 50 + 10 · 2
33. -6(3 - p) = -6(3 - 7) = 50 - 20 = 30 = 50 + 20 = 70
= -6(-4) = 24 56. 8 - 4n 57. 2[9 + (-x)]
2 2
34. 5 + (r + 2) = 5 + (4 + 2) √7
58. __
2 (-2 - 8) 59. _____
= 5 + 62 3 3 · 10
= 5 + 36 = 41 60a. Use the hint provided in the text book, find the total
35. 13 - (3 + (j - 12)) = 13 - (3 + (5 - 12)) score of the different events, then divide by the
number of events.
= 13 - (3 + (-7))
9.725 + 9.700 + 9.587 + 9.137 + 9.837 + 9.837
________________________________________
= 13 - (-4) = 17 6
36. (-4 - a) 2 = (-4 - (-3)) 2 = ______
57.823
2 6
= (-1) = 1
b. 9.637
2 2
37. 7 - (21 - h) = 7 - (21 - 25) 61. Parentheses are not needed because the order
= 7 - (-4) 2 of operations tells you to do multiplication before
= 7 - 16 = -9 addition.
38. 10 + (8 ÷ (q - 3)) = 10 + (8 ÷ (2 - 3)) 62. 8 + (-3 · 5) 63. 3 · 5 - 6 · 2
= 10 + (8 ÷ -1) = 8 + (-15) = -7 = 15 - 12 = 3
= 10 + (-8) = 2
39. (4r - 2) + 7 = (4(3) - 2) + 7 64. __
2 3 - (-12)
⎪ ⎥
3
= (12 - 2) + 7 = __ 2 ⎪15⎥
= 10 + 7 = 17 3
40. -2(11b - 3) = -2(11(5) - 3) = __ 2 (15) = 10
3
= -2(55 -3) 65a. 3 · 4 + 3 · 5 + 4 · 5 + 3 · 4 + 3 · 5 + 4 · 5
= -2(52) = -104 = 12 + 15 + 20 + 12 + 15 + 20 = 94 in
2

41. 7x(3 + 2x) = 7(-1)(3 + 2(-1)) b. Each pair of opposite faces are the same size,
= -7(3 + (-2)) so find the surface area of the prism, multiply the
= -7(1) = -7 areas of the top, front, and sides by 2, and then
_____
8-8 add the 3 products. 2(w) + 2(h) + 2(wh). The
42. -4⎪2.5 - 6⎥ 43. area you get from this expression is equivalent to
2 -1
= -4⎪-3.5⎥
= __ = 0
0 the sum in part a.
= -14 1
c. They should be equal because the expression in
3 + ⎪8 - 10⎥
44. ___________ 45. √3

2
-5÷8 part b is another way of adding all 6 faces of the
2 prism.
3 + ⎪-2⎥
________
(_______) (______)( )
= b1 + b2
2 4 + 10
66. h= 6
= __
5 2 2
2
_________
-18 - 36 6⎪5 - 7⎥
_______ ( )
= ___
14 (6)
2
46. 47.
-9 14 -2 = 7(6) = 42 cm 2
= ____ = 6
-54 6⎪-2⎥
-9 = _____ 67. Possible answer: To make a sandwich, you need to
12 get out the ingredients, put the ingredients on either
= ___
12 =1 slice of bread, and then put the two slices together.
12 You would not want to put the second slice of bread
48. √
52 - 42 49. (-6 + 24) ÷ ⎪-3⎥ on top before putting the ingredients in the middle.
= √
25 - 16 = 18 ÷ 3 = 6
TEST PREP
= √
9=3
68. C; 69. H;
50. 7(2 + d ) 51. 3 - __
2

√___________
5 
54 - (-2)(5)
70.
52. √
5 + (-4) 53. 8 - ⎪3 · 5⎥ 20 - 4 2
54. 2( + w) = 2((8) + (4))
√

54 - (-10)
__________
=
= 2(12) = 24 20 - 16
55a. 50 + 10 ÷ 2
= 50 + 5 = 55
b. 50 · 10 - 2
= 500 - 2 = 498
= √

___
64
4
= √
16
=4

12 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

CHALLENGE AND EXTEND b. -12x - 5x + 3a + x
3+9·2
________ -12 - 5x + x + 3a Comm. Prop.
71. 72. ((-6 · 4) ÷ -6 · 4) 2
2-3 2 -16x + 3a Combine like terms
= (-24 ÷ -6 · 4) 2
3 + 18
= ______ = (4 · 4)
2
2-9 THINK AND DISCUSS
2
= 16 = 256
= ___
21 = -3 1. The sentence describes the Associative Property of
-7 Addition.

√__________

8 + 10 2 2.
73. 74. Possible answer: Associative
13 + (-10)
2 · 4 + 5 -8
2 + (3 + 4) = (2 + 3) + 4
= √

8 + 100
_______
3 Commutative

√

= ____
108
3 2 + 5 = 5 +2

= √
36 = 6
Distributive
75. 2(9 - 6) - 5
2 2(6 + 7) = 2(6) + 2(7)
76. (⊗ + 5) + 1 77. (⊗ + 1) 2 - 5
= 81 + 1 = 82 = ((⊗ + 1) - 3) - 2
2

= 22 - 2 = 20 EXERCISES
GUIDED PRACTICE
SPIRAL REVIEW
1. Associative
78. obtuse 79. acute
2. -12 + 67 + 12 + 23 3. 16 + 2 __
1 + 4 + 1 __
1
80. right 81. 51 + 49 = 100 = (-12 + 12) +
2 2
= 16 + 4 + 2 + 1 __
__
1 1
82. -5 + -1 __
3 ( )
1 = -6 __
1
3
83. -3 - 8 = -11
(67 + 23)
= 0 + 90 = 90 = 20 + 4 = 24
2 2

84. 2.9 - 5.3 = -2.4 4. 27 + 98 + 73 5. __

1 · 8 · 21
3
85. √ 86. √324
 = 73 + 27 + 98
64
= 100 + 98 = 198 = __
1 · 21 · 8
= √ = √
3
82 = 8 18 2 = 18 = 7 · 8 = 56
87. 

36 88. - √
121 6. 2 · 38 · 50 7. 50 · 118 · 20
= 2 · 50 · 38 = 50 · 20 · 118
=  = - √
 2
6 =6 11 2 = -11
= 100 · 38 = 3800 = 1000 · 118 = 118,000
8. 14(1002) 9. 16(19)
1-7 SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS, = 14(1000 + 2) = 16(20 - 1)
PAGES 46-51 = 14(1000) + 14(2) = 16(20) - 16(1)
= 14,000 + 28 = 14028 = 320 - 16 = 304
CHECK IT OUT!
10. 9(38) 11. 8(57)
1a. 15 __
1 + 4 + 1 __2 b. 410 + 58 + 90 + 2 = 9(40 - 2) = 8(60 - 3)
3 3 = 9(40) - 9(2) = 8(60) - 8(3)
= 410 + 90 + 58 + 2
= 15 __
1 + 1 __
2+4
= 500 + 60 = 560 = 360 - 18 = 342 = 480 - 24 = 456
3 3
= 17 + 4 = 21 12. 12(112) 13. 7(109)
= 12(100 + 12) = 7(100 + 9)
c. __
1·7·8 2a. 9(52)
2 = 12(100) + 12(12) = 7(100) + 7(9)
= 9(50 + 2)
= __
1·8·7
= 9(50) + 9(2)
= 1200 + 144 = 1344 = 700 + 63 = 763
2 14. 6x + 10x = 16x 15. 35x - 15x = 20x
= 4 · 7 = 28 = 450 + 18 = 418
b. 12(98) c. 7(34) 16. -3a + 9a = 6a 17. -8r - r
= 12(100 - 2) = 7(30 + 4) = -8r - 1r = -9r
= 12(100) - 12(2) = 7(30) + 7(4) 18. 17x 2 + x 19. 3.2x + 4.7x = 7.9x
= 1200 - 24 = 1176 = 210 + 28 = 238 20. 5(x + 3) - 7x
3a. 16p + 84p = 100p b. -20t - 8.5t = -28.5t
5(x) + 5(3) - 7x Distribute the 5
c. 3m 2 + m 3 5x - 7x + 15 Multiply
-2x + 15 Add like terms
4a. 6(x - 4) + 9
6(x) - 6(4) + 9 Distribute the 6 21. 9(a - 3) - 4
6x - 24 + 9 Multiply 9(a) - 9(3) - 4 Distribute the 9
6x - 15 Combine like terms 9a - 27 - 4 Multiply
9a - 31 Add like terms

13 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

22. 2 2
5x - 2(x - 3x ) 43. 7y - 3 + 6y - 7
2 2
5x - 2(x) - 2(-3x ) Distribute the -2 7y + 6y - 3 - 7 Comm. Prop.
2 2 13y - 10 Add like terms
5x - 2x + 6x Multiply
2 44. To find the total cost of the school supplies, first
11x - 2x Add like terms
round the cost of each item to the nearest dollar.
23. 2 Binder: $4.89 → $5.00
6x - x - 3x + 2x
2 Notebook: $1.99 → $2.00
6x - x + 2x - 3x Comm. Prop.
Pen: $2.11 → $2.00
2
7x - 3x Add like terms 1(5.00) + 3(2.00) + 1(2.00)
24. 12x + 8x + t - 7x = 5.00 + 6.00 + 2.00 = $13.00
12x + 8x - 7x + t Comm. Prop. So, Tavon spent about $13.00.
13x + t Add like terms 45a. Amy: 18:51 + 45:17 + 34:13
= 97:81 = 98:21;
25. 4a - 2(a - 1) Julie: 17:13 + 40:27 + 23:32
4a - 2(a) -2(-1) Distribute the -2 = 80:72 = 81:12;
4a - 2a + 2 Multiply Mardi: 19:09 + 38:58 + 25:32
2a + 2 Add like terms = 82:99 = 83:39
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Sabine: 13:09 + 31:37 + 19:01
= 63:47
26. 53 + 28 + 17 + 12 27. 5 · 14 · 20
= 53 + 17 + 28 + 12 = 5 · 20 · 14 b. Sabine, Julie, Mardi, Amy
= 70 + 40 = 110 = 100 · 14 = 1400 46. Comm. Prop. 47. Comm. Prop.
28. 6 · 3 · 5 29. 4.5 + 7.1 + 8.5 + 3.9 48. Assoc. Prop. 49. Distrib. Prop.
=6·5·3 = 4.5 + 8.5 + 7.1 + 3.9 50. Assoc. Prop. 51. Distrib. Prop.
= 30 · 3 = 90 = 13 + 11 = 24
52. 2(2w) + 2(w)
30. 9(62) 31. 8(29) = 4w + 2w = 6w
= 9(60 + 2) = 8(30 - 1)
= 9(60) + 9(2) = 8(30) - 8(1) 53. (8 - p) + 4p + (3p + 1)
= 540 + 18 = 558 = 240 - 8 = 232 = 8 - p + 4p + 3p + 1
= -p + 4p + 3p + 8 + 1
32. 11(25) 33. 6(53) = 6p + 9
= (10 + 1)(25) = 6(50 + 3)
= 10(25) + 1(25) = 6(50) + 6(3) 54. (4(2s + 3)
= 250 + 25 = 275 = 300 + 18 = 318 = 4(2s) + 4(3)
= 8s + 12
34. 3x + 9x = 12x 35. 14x 2 - 5x 2 = 9x 2
55. 10 - (7 - 3) = 10 - 4 = 6
2
36. -7x + 8x = x 37. 3x - 4 (10 - 7) -3 = 3 - 3 = 0
No; when the numbers are associated differently,
38. 4(y + 6) + 9
the answers are different.
4(y) + 4(6) + 9 Distribute the 4
4y + 24 +9 Multiply 56. Possible answer: newspaper delivery; the
4y + 33 Add like terms newspaper is delivered to all the houses on one
block. A newspaper is delivered to each house on
39. -7(x + 2) + 4x the block.
-7(x) - 7(2) + 4x Distribute the -7 n(a + b + c + d) = na + nb + nc + nd
-7x - 14 + 4x Multiply n = newspaper
-3x - 14 Add like terms a, b, c, d = houses on the block
40. 3x + 2 - 2x - 1 57a. The length of the rectangle and the circumference
of the circles are equal.
3x - 2x + 2 - 1 Comm. Prop.
x+1 Add like terms b. A = w,  = 2πr
= (2πr)w
41. 5x - 3x + 3x 2 + 9x = 2π(4)(12) = 96π ≈ 301.44
2
5x - 3x + 9x + 3x Comm. Prop. 2
c. A circle = r π
11x + 3x
2
Add like terms = 4 2π = 16π
So, the total surface area of the figure is
42. 8x + 2x - 3y - 9x 2(16π) + 96π = 128π ≈ 401.92.
8x + 2x - 9x - 3y Comm. Prop.
x - 3y Add like terms

14 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

TEST PREP 75. 2 - (6 - 8 ÷ (3 + 1))
58. D; Tiffany has x CDs, Ariel has 19 + x, and Victor = 2 - (6 - 8 ÷ 4)
has 3(19 + x). = 2 - (6 - 2)
x + (19 + x) + 3(19 + x) = 2 - 4 = -2
= x + 19 + x + 57 + 3x
= 19 + 57 + x + x + 3x
1-8 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS,
= 76 + 5x
PAGES 54-59
59. J; P = 2( + w)
(
= 2 (2(k + 5)) + 3 + k ) CHECK IT OUT!
y
= 2((2k + 10) + 3 + k)
1a.
T(-2, 6) 8
= 2(3k + 13) 4 S(0, 2)
= 6k + 26 b. x
60. C; 33 · (25 + 18) -8 4 0 4 8
= 33 · 25 + 33 · 18 -4
c. R(2, -3)
-8
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
61. 4(3(x + 9) + 2) 62. -3((x - 2) + 5(x - 2)) 2a. none; not on the graph
= 4(3x + 27 + 2) = -3(6(x - 2)) b. Quadrant I; positive x and y values.
= 4(3x + 29) = -3(6x - 12)
= 12x + 116 = -18x + 36 c. Quadrant III; negative x and y values.

63. (2b + 5) - (8b + 6) + 3(b - 2) d. Quadrant II; negative x value and positive y value.
= 2b + 5 - 8b - 6 + 3b - 6 3. Artist’s fee is $10 plus $20 for each person.
= 2b - 8b + 3b + 5 - 6 - 6 y = 10 + 20x;
= -3b - 7 10 + 20(1) = 30;
10 + 20(2) = 50;
64. __ ((
1 10 - g + -6 + 3g
) ( )) 10 + 20(3) = 70;
2
= __1 10 - 6 - g + 3g
( ) 10 + 20(4) = 90.
2
= __ (4 + 2g)
1 4a. Input Output Ordered Pair
2 x y (x, y)
=2+g __1 (-4) - 4 = -6
-4 (-4, -6)
65a. Commutative Property 2
b. Associative Property c. Distributive Property -2 __1 (-2) - 4 = -5 (-2, -5)
2
d. Rule for Subtraction 66a. Distributive Property
0 __1 (0) - 4 = -4 (0, -4)
b. Multiplication 2
2 __1 (2) - 4 = -3 (2, -3)
SPIRAL REVIEW 2
67. A square = s 2 68. A parallelogram = bh 4 __1 (4) - 4 = -2 (4, -2)
2
A square = 6 2 A parallelogram = (7)(13)
= 36 ft 2 = 91 mm 2 8
y line
6 2
69. 2 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 70. 18 = 18 · 18 4
= 64 = 324 x

()
71. - __ ( )( )( )
1 __
= - __ 1 __
( ) ( )( )
72. - __ = - __
1 - __ -8
3 1 2 4 0 8
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -4

= - __
1 = __
1 -8
8 4
82 - 62
_______
73. 3 + 4 - 10 ÷ 2 + 1 74.
=7-5+1=3 82 + 62
= _______
64 - 36
64 + 36
= ____ = ___
28 7
100 25

15 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

b. Input Output Ordered Pair 2.–5. y

x y (x, y) J 

K 
-3 3(-3) 2 + 3 = 30 (-3, 30) L  x
2     
-1 3(-1) + 3 = 6 (-1, 6)

2
0 3(0) + 3 = 3 (0, 3)  M 
2
1 3(1) + 3 = 6 (1, 6)
6. Quadrant II; negative x value and positive y value.
2
3 3(3) + 3 = 30 (3, 30)
7. none; Origin
y U shape 8. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value.
24
9. none; on the x-axis
16
10. none; on the y-axis
8
11. Quadrant I; positive x and y values.
x
-4 -2 0 2 4 12. y = __
1x
4
= __
1 (76) = 19
4
c. Input Output Ordered Pair __
= 1 (100) = 25
x y (x, y) 4
0 ⎪0 - 2⎥ = 2 (0, 2) = __
1 (120) = 30
4
1 ⎪1 - 2⎥ = 1 (1, 1) __
= 1 (168) = 42
4
2 ⎪2 - 2⎥ = 0 (2, 0) (76, 19), (100, 25), (120, 30), (168, 42)
3 ⎪3 - 2⎥ = 1 (3, 1) 13. Input Output Ordered Pair
4 ⎪4 - 2⎥ = 2 (4, 2) x y (x, y)
-2 (-2) + 2 (-2, 0)
y V shape
4
-1 (-1) + 2 (-1, 1)
2 0 (0) + 2 (0, 2)
x
0 2 4 6
1 (1) + 2 (1, 3)
-2 2 (2) + 2 (2, 4)
-4 y line



x
THINK AND DISCUSS     
1. Start at the origin, and move three units left. Then 

move up 6 units. 
2. Check students’ work. The x-coordinate must be 0;
possible answer: (0, 4). 14. Input Output Ordered Pair
3. Quadrant ll x y (x, y)
Quadrant l
x is neg. x is pos. -2 -(-2) (-2, 2)
y is pos. The y is pos.
-1 -(-1) (-1, 1)
Coordinate
x is neg. Plane x is pos. 0 -(0) (0, 0)
y is neg. y is neg. 1 -(1) (1, -1)
Quadrant lll Quadrant lV
2 -(2) (2, -2)
y line
EXERCISES 

GUIDED PRACTICE 
x
1. The first coordinate tells which way to move, left
    
or right. The second coordinate tells which way to

move, up or down. If you switch the direction of
each coordinate, you will not get the same point. 

16 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

15. Input Output Ordered Pair 28. Input Output Ordered Pair
x y (x, y) x y (x, y)
-2 -2⎪(-2)⎥ = -4 (-2, 2) -2 6 - 2(-2) = 10 (-2, 10)
-1 -2⎪(-1)⎥ = -2 (-1, 1) -1 6 - 2(-1) = 8 (-1, 8)
0 -2⎪(0)⎥ = 0 (0, 0) 0 6 - 2(0) = 6 (0, 6)
1 -2⎪(1)⎥ = -2 (1, -1) 1 6 - 2(1) = 4 (1, 4)
2 -2⎪(2)⎥ = -4 (2, -2) 2 6 - 2(2) = 2 (2, 2)
y V shape y line



x 
   x
 
   



16. Input Output Ordered Pair 29. Input Output Ordered Pair
x y (x, y) x y (x, y)
-2
__1 (-2) 2 (-2, 2) -2 -((-2) 2) = -4 (-2, -4)
2
-1 -( (-1) 2 ) = -1 (-1, -1)
-1
__1 (-1) 2 (-1, _12 )
2 0 -((0) 2) = 0 (0, 0)
0
__1 (0) 2 (0, 0) 1 -( (1) 2 ) = -1 (1, -1)
2
2 -( (2) 2 ) = -4 (2, -4)
1
__1 (1) 2 (1, _12 )
2 y U shape

2
__1 (2) 2 (2, 2)
2 
y U shape x
    

x 
    

30. Input Output Ordered Pair
 x y (x, y)
17.–20. y -2 3⎪(-2)⎥ = 6 (-2, 6)

D  -1 3⎪(-1)⎥ = 3 (-1, 3)

x
0 3⎪(0)⎥ = 0 (0, 0)
     1 3⎪(1)⎥ = 3 (1, 3)
 G 
F  2 3⎪(2)⎥ = 6 (2, 6)
E 
y V shape

21. none; on the y-axis
22. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value. x
23. none; on the x-axis     

24. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value.

25. Quadrant II; negative x value and positive y value.
26. Quadrant I; positive x and y values.
27. Jeremy’s wage is $500 plus __1
of his sales.
10
y = 500 + 0.10x
500 + 0.10(500) = 550;
500 + 0.10(3000) = 800;
500 + 0.10(5000) = 1000;
500 + 0.10(7500) = 1250;
(500, 550), (3000, 800), (5000, 1000), (7500, 1250)

17 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

31. Input Output Ordered Pair 38. Input Output Ordered Pair
x y (x, y) x y (x, y)
-2 (-2) 2 + 3 = 7 (-2, 7) -2 y = 3 + ⎪-2⎥ = 5 (-2, 5)
2
-1 (-1) + 3 = 4 (-1, 4) -1 y = 3 + ⎪-1⎥ = 4 (-1, 4)
2
0 (0) + 3 = 3 (0, 3) 0 y = 3 + ⎪0⎥ = 3 (0, 3)
1
2
(1) + 3 = 4 (1, 4) 1 y = 3 + ⎪1⎥ = 4 (1, 4)
2
2
(2) + 3 = 7 (2, 7) 2 y = 3 + ⎪2⎥ = 5 (2, 5)

y U shape y V shape
 

x x
        

 

 

32. y 33. y 39. Input Output Ordered Pair

4 8
(-6, 3) x y (x, y)
(-1, 1) 2 4
(4, 1)
x x -2
__1 (-4) + (-3) = -5 (-4, -5)
2
-4 0 2 -8 -4 4 8
-2 (-7, -3) -4
(2, -2) -1
__1 (-2) + (-3) = -4 (-2, -4)
2
(-1, -4) (4, -4)
-8
0
__1 (0) + (-3) = -3 (0, -3)
2
Square Triangle
34. 35. y 1
__1 (2) + (-3) = -2 (2, -2)
y (-6, 7) (4, 7) 2
6

4
(4, 4)
(-6, 5) 4 (4, 5) 2
__1 (4) + (-3) = -1 (4, -1)
2
(2, 2) (6, 2) x
2 y line
-8 -4 0 4 8 
x
-4
0 2 6 
(3, -1) (5, -1) -8 x
   
Pentagon Rectangle
36. Salary is equal to $32,000 plus $2700 per year

of experience. Let x be the number of years of
experience.
y = 32,000 + 2700x 40. Input Output Ordered Pair
32,000 + 2700(0) = 32,000 x y (x, y)
32,000 + 2700(2) = 37,400 -5 (-5) 2 + 1 = 26 (-5, 26)
32,000 + 2700(5) = 45,500 2
32,000 + 2700(7) = 50,900 -3 (-3) + 1 = 10 (-3, 10)
2
(0, 32,000), (2, 37,400), (5, 45,500), (7, 50,900) -1 (-1) + 1 = 2 (-1, 2)
37a. f = yards; c = total cost; 1
2
(1) + 1 = 2 (1, 2)
total cost is equal to $2.90 per yard
2
c = 2.90f 3 (3) + 1 = 10 (3, 10)
2
b. f is input, and c is output. 5 (5) + 1 = 26 (5, 26)
c. f c = 2.90f y U shape

1 c = 2.90(1) = $2.90

2 c = 2.90(2) = $5.80 x
3 c = 2.90(3) = $8.70     
4 c = 2.90(4) = $11.60 

5 c = 2.90(5) = $14.50 
d. 2.90f < c
2.90f < 21.00
f < 7.24
The whole yard less than 7.24 yards is 7 yards.

18 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

41a. Number of bottles is equal to 50 plus one and a b. The coordinates of the second point are the
half bottles for every preregistered contestant. Let opposite of the coordinates of the first point. To
y represent the number of bottles, and x represent graph (4, 2), move right and then up. To graph
the number of preregistered contestants. (-4, -2), move left and then down.
y = 50 + 1.5x 48. A; the first number was used as the y-coordinate and
b. y = 50 + 1.5x the second number was used as the x-coordinate.
50 + 1.5(100) = 200 49. The line for y = x + 2 is 2 units higher than the line
50 + 1.5(150) = 275 for y = x at every value of x.
50 + 1.5(200) = 350
50 + 1.5(250) = 425 4
y
50 + 1.5(300) = 500
(100, 200), (150, 275), (200, 350), (250, 425), 2
y=x+2 y=x
(300, 500) x
-4 2 4
42–45. Possible coordinates given -2
42. (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4); line -4
y
4
TEST PREP
2
50. C; both ordered pairs satisfy this equation
x
-4 -2 0 2 4 51. G; substituting 1, 2, 3, 4 into x for y = 2x - 4 will
-2 result in the values in the y column of this table.

52. D; D(4, -3), 4 > __

7 and -3 < __
-4 8
2 3
43. (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2); line 53. H; (2 + 3, 5 - 2) = (5, 3)
y 54. W(x + 4, y - 8) = W(5 + 4, 2 - 8)
4
= W(9, -6)
55. X(5 - x, y ) = X(5 - (-1), 3 )
2 2 2
x
= X(6, 9)
-4 -2 0 2 4
-2 56. Y(x + y, y - x) = Y(6 + 3, 3 - 6)
= Y(9, -3)
-4
57. Z(xy, x y) = Z((-1)(4), (-1) (4))
2 2

44. (2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3); line = Z(-4, 4)

y CHALLENGE AND EXTEND

4
54.–57. y
2 8 X(6, 9)
x Z(-4, 4)
4
-2 0 2 4 6
x
-2
-8 4 0 4 8
-4 -4 Y(9, -3)

-8
W(9, -6)
45. (3, 1), (6, 2), (9, 3); line
y
58. The points make a vertical line at x = 3.
8
59. The points make a horizontal line at y = 6.
4
60. Plot the points on a coordinate plane, then connect
x
0 the points.  = 8; w = 4.
-4 4 8
-4
P = 2( + w) = 2(8 + 4)
= 2(12) = 24 units.
-8
61. The coordinate of the fourth vertex are (-4, 5). The
area of the rectangle is 42 square units.
46. The points make a line that passes from Quadrant
II, goes through the origin and into Quadrant IV. 62. quadrilateral 63. cylinder
47a. Both ordered pairs have positive coordinates, but 64. pyramid 65. pentagon
to graph (4, 2), you move right 4 units and then up 66. rational, terminating decimal, integer, whole, natural
2 units. To graph (2, 4), you move right 2 units and
then up 4 units. 67. irrational
68. rational, repeating decimal

19 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

69. rational, terminating, integer 23.–25. y
4
C(1, 4)
70. __
1 · 18 · 25 2
71. x + 3x 2
5
= __
1 · 25 · 18 x
5 -4 -2 0 2 4
= 5 · 18 = 90 -2
A(0, -3)
72. 2a - b + a + 4b B(-2, -3)
= (2a + a) + (-b + 4b)
= 3a + 3b 26. Quadrant II; negative x value and positive y value.
27. None; on the y-axis.
READY TO GO ON? PAGE 61 28. Quadrant I; positive x and y values.
1. -6 + 12 ÷ (-3) 2. 30 - 9 + 4 29. Quadrant III; negative x and y values.
= -6 - 4 = -10 = 21 + 4 = 25 30. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value.
3. (6 - 8) · (7 - 5) 4. 8 · (8 - (4 - 2)) 31. None; on the x-axis.
= -2 · 2 = -4 = 8 · (8 - 2)
= 8 · 6 = 48 32. Input Output Ordered Pair
5. ___ - 3 · __
23 5 x y (x, y)
6. ⎪3 - 9⎥ ÷ 2 + 5
4 4 -2
2
(-2) + 1 = 5
=6÷2+5 (-2, 5)
= ___ - ___
23 15
=3+5=8 2
4 4 -1 (-1) + 1 = 2 (-1, 2)
= __ = 2
8 2
4 0 (0) + 1 = 1 (0, 1)

7. ________
16
8. 5(6 + 4) 1
2
(1) + 1 = 2 (1, 2)
9 - (-7) 2
2 (2) + 1 = 5 (2, 5)
9. A trapezoid = __
1 (b + b )h
y U shape
2 1 2

= __
6
1 (3 + 5) · 4
2 4
= __
1 (8) · 4
2
= 4 · 4 = 16 square centimeters x
-4 -2 0 2 4
10. 75 + 32 + 25 11. 5 · 18 · 20
= 75 + 25 + 32 = 5 · 20 · 18
= 100 + 32 = 100 · 18 = 1800 33. Input Output Ordered Pair
x y (x, y)
12. 1/4 · 19 · 8
= 1/4 · 8 · 19 -2 (-2) - 1 = -3 (-2, 5)
= 2 · 19 = 38
-1 (-1) - 1 = -2 (-1, 2)
13. 7(67) 14. 9(29)
= 7(70 - 3) = 9(30 - 1) 0 (0) - 1 = -1 (0, 1)
= 7(70) - 7(3) = 9(30) - 9(1) 1 (1) - 1 = 0 (1, 2)
= 490 - 21 = 469 = 270 - 9 = 261
2 (2) - 1 = 1 (2, 5)
15. 17(18) 16. 8(106)
= 17(20 - 2) = 8(100 + 6) 4
y line
= 17(20) - 17(2) = 8(100) + 8(6)
= 340 - 34 = 306 = 800 + 48 = 848 2
2 2 2 x
17. 4k + 15k = 19k 18. x + 22x = 23x -4 -2 0 2 4
19. -2g + 5g = 3g 20. 3(x + 2) - 3x
= 3x + 6 - 3x = 6 -4
2 2
21. x - 6x + 3x + 4x
= (-6x + 4x ) + (x + 3x)
2 2

= -2x 2 + 4x
22. -2(3x + 2y + 4x - 5y)
= -2(3x) - 2(2y) - 2(4x) - 2(-5y)
= -6x - 4y - 8x + 10y
= (-6x - 8x) + (-4y + 10y)
= -14x + 6y

20 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

34. Input Output Ordered Pair STUDY GUIDE: REVIEW, PAGES 62-65
x y (x, y)
VOCABULARY
-2 -⎪(-2)⎥ = -2 (-2, -2)
1. constant 2. whole numbers
-1 -⎪(-1)⎥ = -1 (-1, -1) 3. coefficient 4. origin
0 -⎪(0)⎥ = 0 (0, 0) 1–1 VARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS
1 -⎪(1)⎥ = -1 (1, -1) 5. 1.99g 6. t + 3

2 -⎪(2)⎥ = -2 (2, -2) 7. qp = (1)(5) = 5 8. p ÷ q = (5) ÷ (1) = 5

V shape 9. q + p = (1) + (5) = 6

y
4
10. 150 ÷ m
150 ÷ (5) = 30
x 150 ÷ (6) = 25
-4 0 4 150 ÷ (10) = 15

-4 1-2 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING REAL

NUMBERS
35. Input Output Ordered Pair 11. -2 + (-12) = -14 12. -6 + 1.4 = -4.6
x y (x, y)
-2 3(-2) + 3 = -3 (-2, -3) 13. 9 __
1 + -4 __
4
3
4 ( ) 14. __
1 - __
2
3
2
-1 3(-1) + 3 = 0 (-1, 0) =8 -4__
5 __
3 __
2
= - = -1
4 4 2
0 3(0) + 3 = 3 (0, 3) =4 =4__
2 __
1
4 2
1 3(1) + 3 = 6 (1, 6) 15. -8 -16 = -24 16. 6.7 - (-7.6)
2 3(2) + 3 = 9 (2, 9) = 6.7 + 7.6 = 14.3

y line 17. 2278 - 47 = 2231 ft

8

4
x 1-3 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING REAL
-8 -4 0 4 8 NUMBERS
-4 18. -5(-18) = 90 19. 0 · 10 = 0
-8 20. -4(3.8) = -15.2 21. -56 ÷ 7 = -8
36. Let y represent the volume of water in gallons and x 22. 0 ÷ 0.75 = 0 23. 9 ÷ 0 = undefined

24. 4 ÷ __ 1 ÷ __
25. - __
represent time in minutes. 4 3
y = 30,000 - 100x 9 2 4
= __
4 × __ 1 × __
= - __
Substitute 30 for x. 9 4
y = 30,000 - 100(30) 1 4 2 3
= 30,000 - 3000 = ____
4(9)
= - ____
1(4)
= 27,000 (30, 27,000) 1(4) 2(3)
Substitute 60 for x. = ___
36
=9 = - = - __
__
4 2
4 6 3
y = 30,000 - 100(60)
= 30,000 - 6000 26. __6 ÷ __2
= 24,000 (60, 24,000) 7 5
Substitute 90 for x. = __6 × __5
7 2
y = 30,000 - 100(90)
= ____
6(5)
= 30,000 - 9000
7(2)
= 21,000 (90, 21,000)
= ___ = 15/7
30
Substitute 120 for x. 14
y = 30,000 - 100(120)
27. ___________ × ________
10,000 steps 365 days
= 30,000 - 12,000 1 day 1 year
= 18,000 (120, 18,000)
= __________
10,000(365)
1(1)
= 3,650,000

21 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

1-4 POWERS AND EXPONENTS 60. 8(x - 8)3 = 8((9) - 8)3
3
28. 4 · 4 · 4 = 64 29. (-3)(-3)(-3) = -27 = 8(1)
= 8(1) = 8
30. (-3)(-3)(-3)(-3) = 81 31. -(5 · 5) = -25
61. ((3 - x)2 + 4) ÷ 2 = ((3 - (7))2 + 4) ÷ 2
32. __( )( )( )
2 __
2 __
3 3 3
2 = ___
8
27 ( )( )
33. - __
4 - __
5
4 = 16/25
5 = ((-4) + 4) ÷ 2
2
4
34. 16 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 = 2 = (16 + 4) ÷ 2
3 = 20 ÷ 2 = 10
35. -1000 = (-10)(-10)(-10) = (-10)
36. 64 = (-8)(-8) = (-8)
2 62. 8 + 7(-2) 63. _____
12
8+3
1
37. 12 = 12
3
64. 4 √
20 - x
38. V cube = s
65. Use the formula given, substitute 3 for t, and 8 for v.
= 9 3 = 9 · 9 · 9 = 729 in 3
16t 2 + vt = 16(3)2 + (3)(8)
= 16(9) + 24 = 144 + 24 = 168
1-5 ROOTS AND REAL NUMBERS So the distance traveled in 3 s is 168 ft.
√ √
3
39. √36
 = 62 = 6 40. √ 43 = 4
3
64 =
1-7 SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS
49 = - √
41. - √ 7 2 = -7 66. 18 + 26 - 8 + 4 67. 60 · 27 · __
1
6
= (18 - 8) + (26 + 4)
144 = - √
42. - √ 12 2 = -12 = 60 · __
1 · 27
= 10 + 30 = 40 6
43. √
___
25
36
44. √
3___
1
27 68. 13(103)
= 10 · 27 = 270
69. 18(99)

√ √

52 
13 = 13(100 + 3) = 18(100 - 1)
= __ =
3
__
62 33 = 13(100) + 13(3) = 18(100) - 18(1)
= 1300 + 39 = 1339 = 1800 - 18 = 1782
√( ) √( )

__5 2 = __5 3 
__1 3 = __1
= =
6 6 3 3 70. 20x - 16x = 4x 71. 2y 2 + 5y 2 = 7y 2
45. rational number, terminating decimal, integer, whole 72. 6(x + 4) - 2x
number, natural number = 6(x) + 6(4) - 2x
= 6x + 24 - 2x
46. rational number, terminating decimal, integer, whole
= 6x - 2x + 24
number
= 4x + 24
47. rational number, terminating decimal, integer
73. -2(x 2 - 1) + 4x 2
48. rational number, terminating decimal, = -2(x 2) - 2(-1) + 4x 2
49. irrational number = -2x 2 + 2 + 4x 2
= -2x 2 + 4x 2 + 2
50. rational number, repeating decimal = 2x 2 + 2
51. s = √A 2
74. -2y + 3y - 3y + y
= √
13 ≈ 3.6 = (-2y - 3y + y) + 3y 2
So the length of one side of the table is about 3.6 ft. = -4y + 3y 2
75. 7y + 3y - a - 2y
1-6 ORDER OF OPERATIONS
= (7y + 3y - 2y) - a
52. 5 · 4 + 3 53. 17 + 3(-3) = 8y - a
= 20 + 3 = 23 = 17 - 9 = 8 76. 4.99 + 2(1.48) + 0.89
54. (8 + (2 - 6) )÷4 2 4 2 - 11
55. _______ = 4.99 + 2.96 + 0.89
10
= (8 + (-4) ) ÷ 4 ≈5+3+1
2
= _______
16 - 11
= $9.00
= (8 + 16) ÷ 4 10
= 24 ÷ 4 = 6 = ___
5
= __
1
10 2 1-8 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS
56. ⎪12 - 3 · 7⎥ · (-2) 57. √4 · 5 + 5 - 5
 77.–80. y

= ⎪12 - 21⎥ · (-2) = √
20 + 5 - 5 C 
B 
= ⎪-9⎥ · (-2) =5-5=0 A 
= 9 · (-2) = -18 x
    
58. 48 - x + 29 = 48 - (15) + 29
 D 
= 33 + 29 = 62

59. x + 4 · 6 - 10 = (-4) + 4 · 6 - 10
= (-4) + 24 - 10 = 10
81. Quadrant I; positive x and y values

22 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

82. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value 14. (-3)(-6) = 18
83. Quadrant I; positive x and y values 1 ÷ __
15. - __ 1
2 4
84. Quadrant II; negative x value and positive y value
= - × __
__
1 4
85. Quadrant III; negative x and y values 2 1
= - ____
1(4)
86. Quadrant IV; positive x value and negative y value
2(1)
87. Price after tax is equal to price of the item plus 1/20
of the price. = - __
4 = -2
2
P after tax = P before tax + ___
1 (P ) 16. 12 ÷ (-3) = -4 17. (0) ÷ -4 = 0
20 before tax
18. 5 · 5 · 5 · 5 = 625
= (2) + ___ 1 (2) = 2 + 0.1 = $2.1;

= (15) + ___
20
1 (15) = 15 + 0.75 = $15.75; ( )( )( )
19. - __
4 - __
5
4 - __
5
4 = - ____
5
64
125
20 20. 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 = 32 21. -(6 · 6) = -36
= (30) + ___ 1 (30) = 30 + 1.50 = $31.50;
22. rational, terminating decimal, integer, whole number,
20
natural number
= (40) + ___ 1 (40) = 40 + 2.00 = $42.00;
20 23. irrational

The ordered pairs are: ($2, $2.10), ($15, $15.75), 24. rational, terminating decimal, integer
($30, $31.50), ($40, $42) 25. rational, terminating decimal

26. _______
-2 - 6 _______
=
-2 - 6
88. Input Output Ordered Pair x2 (2) 2
= ___ = -2
x y (x, y) -8
-4
__1 (-4) 2 = 4 (-4, 4) 4
4
27. 8(x - 1) 2 = 8(11 - 1) 2
-1
__1 (-1) 2 = __1
4 4 ( -1, __
1
4 ) = 8(10) 2
= 8(100) = 800
0
__1 (0) 2 = 0 (0, -3)
4 28. 22 + (-2(19 - x)) = 22 + (-2(19 - 7))
1
__1 (1) 2 = __1
4 4 ( )
1, __
1
4
= 22 + (-2(12))
= 22 + (-24) = -2
4
__1 (4) 2 = 4 (4, 4)
4 29. No; the first phrase represents the expression
2(n + 5), and the second phrase represents the
y U shape
expression 2n + 5.
30. 5 __
1 + 7 + 2 __3
 31. -2(x + 5) + 4x
4 4
= -2(x) - 2(5) + 4x
= 5 __
1 + 2 __
 3
x +7 = -2x - 10 + 4x
4 4
     = 8 + 7 = 15 = -2x + 4x - 10
= 2x - 10
32. 3x + 2x 2 - x
= 3x - x + 2x 2
= 2x + 2x 2
CHAPTER TEST, PAGE 66
33.–36. 
y
1. c - a = (6) - (2) = 4 2. ab = (2)(3) = 6 Y 

4. __ = ___ = 2
c (6) X 
3. c ÷ a = (6) ÷ (2) = 3 x
b (3)     
Z  W 
5. b - a = (3) - (2) = 1
6. five less than n; the difference of n and 5 

7. 8n; 8(5) = 40 mi
8. -5 + 8 = 3 9. -3 - 4 = -7
10. 4 + (-7) = -3 11. 7 - (-2) = 9
12. ⎪(-80) - 12⎥ 13. ⎪(-47) - (-23)⎥
= ⎪-92⎥ = 92°F = ⎪-24⎥ = 24°F

23 Holt McDougal Algebra 1

37. Input Output Ordered Pair
x y (x, y)
-2 2(-2) - 1 = -5 (-2, -5)
-1 2(-1) - 1 = -3 (-1, -3)
0 2(0) - 1 = -1 (0, -1)
1 2(1) - 1 = 1 (1, 1)
2 2(2) - 1 = 3 (2, 3)
y line

x
    




24 Holt McDougal Algebra 1