Thetableindicatedthatmale(s)thatrespondedtothestudy’squestionswere12or70.

19%ofthetotals

amplesthatcompletedandreturnedthequestionnairesonly5oftherespondentswerefemale(s)repr

esenting29.41%oftherespondents that returnedthequestionnaire.

Table4.3: Qualificationsof samples

Options Response Percentage

SSCE/GCE - -
NCE/ND 2 11.76%
HND/B.Sc 15 88.24%
M.Sc/Ph.d - -

Otherspecify - -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey2023

ThetablerevealedthatmajorityoftherespondentsareholdersofHND/

BScwhichrepresents88.24%while11.76%oftherespondentsareNCE/NDholders.

Table4.4: WorkingExperience

Options Response Percentage

1-5years 15 88.24%
6-10years - -
11-15 years 2 11.76%
16-20 years - -

Above 20years
- -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey2023

38

1
 Thetableindicatedthat88.24%ofthetotalrespondentshavebeenworkingin

thebankingsectorwithintherangeof1-5yearswhile2oftherespondents

representing11.76% are inthe range 11-15years inthe sector.

4.3Analysis ofData

Thissectionanalysesthesamplesresponsetotheaspectofthequestionnaires

thatdealt withaccountingrelatedquestionsasit aidin decisionmaking.

Question5:Doesaccountinginformationprovidedinyourbankaidinadequate

decisionmaking?

Table4.5: Aid in adequatedecisionmaking

Options Response Percentage

Veryadequate 3 17.65%
Adequate 12 70.59%
Fairlyadequate 2 11.76%
Notadequate - -

Total 17 100%
Source: field survey2023

Inresponsetothequestionabove,3respondentsrepresenting17.65%ofthe

totalnumberofrespondentswere oftheopinionthataccounting informationaid

indecisionmakingisveryadequatewhile70.59%oftherespondentswereof

theopinionthataccountinginformationaidindecisionmakingadequatelyand

38
39
theremaining11.76%wereoftheopinionthataccountinginformationaidin

decisionmakingfairly adequate respectively.

Question6: Is accountingdepartmentadequatelyequipped withManpower?

Table4.6: Account departmentmanpower

Adequate 10 58.82%
Fairlyadequate - -
Notadequate
- -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey,2023

Thetableindicatedthat41.18%ofthetotalrespondentssaidaccounting

departmentisveryadequatewithmanpowerwhiletheremaining58.82%were

of theviewthat accountingdepartmentis adequate with manpower.

Question7:Doesthemanagementofyourorganizationrelyonaccounting

informationfor decisionmaking?

Table4.7: Reliance on accountinginformation

Options Response Percentage

Veryadequate 17 100%
Adequate - -
Fairlyadequate - -

Notadequate
- -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey,2023

The above table indicatedthat all the respondentsrepresenting100% agreed that

managementrelyonaccountinginformationfordecisionmakingisvery

adequate.
3840
Question7:Doyouthinkthatyourbankwillorcancopewithadvancementof

technology(ICT)?

Table4.8: Advancementoftechnology

Options
Response Percentage
Veryeffective 9 52.94%
Effective 5 29.41%
Fairlyeffective 3 17.65%
Noteffective - -
Total
17 100%
Source: Field survey,2023

Theresponsefromtherespondentssuggestedthat52.94%areoftheopinion

thattheorganizationisveryeffectiveinadvancementoftechnology,29.41%

effective and17.65% fairlyeffective respectively.

Question9: Are the accountingsystemsin yourbankcomputerised?

Table4.9: ComputerisedAccountingsystem

Response Percentage

Yes
17 100%
No - -
Total 17 100%
Source: Field survey,2023

Thetablerevealedthatallrespondents17innumberrepresenting100%agreed

that accountingsystemsinthe Bankare computerised.

Question10: If yesin question9, has computerised accounting systemenhanced

effective decisionmakinginyourbank?
41
39
Table4.10:Computerisationenhance decisionmaking

Options
Response Percentage

Veryeffective 14 82.35%
Effective 3 17.65%
Fairlyeffective - -
Noteffective - -

Total 17 100%
Source: Field survey,2023

Thetableshowsthat82.35%oftherespondentsacceptedthatcomputerised

accountingsystemenhancedecisionmakingveryeffectivewhile17.65%areof

theview thatthe impactofcomputerization indecisionmakingiseffective.

Question11:Howadequatedoyouthinkinformationprovidedfordecision

makingjustifythe time andmoneyspent?

Table4.11:Justifying accountinginformation

Options Response Percentage

Veryeffective - -
Effective 17 100%
Fairlyeffective - -
Noteffective
- -
Total 17 100%
Source: Field survey,2024

Thetablerevealedthatallrespondentsrepresenting100%oftherespondents

acceptedthattimeandmoneyspentjustifiesaccountinginformationprovided

for decisionmaking.

Question12:Howeffectivedoesaccountinginformationshouldbepresentedto

the management?

42
40
Table4.12:Effectivenessof accountinginformationpresented
Options Response Percentage

Veryeffective 13
76.47%
4
Effective 23.53%
-
Fairlyeffective -
-
Noteffective -
17
Total 100%

Source: field survey,2024

43
41
Thetableaboveindicatesthat76.47%oftherespondentsagreedthataccounting

informationshouldbeeffectivelypresentedtomanagementveryeffectiveand

23.53%of the respondentsagreed should be effective.

Question13:Howoftendoyouthinkaccountinginformationshouldbe

presented to the management?

Table4.13:Frequencyof accountinginformation

Options Response Percentage

Weekly 5 29.41%
Monthly 9 52.94%
Quarterly 3 17.65%
Annually - -

All above - -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey,2023

Thetableindicatesthat29.41%oftherespondentsacceptedthataccounting

informationshouldbepresentedtomanagementweekly,52.94%monthlyand

17.65%quarterlyrespectively.

Question15:Whichoftheaccountinginformationispresentedtothe

management for decisionmaking?

42
44
Table4.14:Accountinginformationpresentedtomanagement

Options Response Percentage

Financial statement - -
- -
Costanalysisstatement
- -
Special report
All 17 100%
Total 17 100%
Source: Field survey,2024

The17respondentsrepresenting100%ofthetotalnumberoftherespondents

areoftheopinionthatallaccountinginformationshouldbepresentedto

management.

Question18:Whichlevelofmanagementdoyouthinkmakesuseofmore

accountinginformation?

Table4.15:Level of managementusing accounting information

Options Response Percentage

Topmanagement - -
- -
Middle management
-
Low management -

All 17 100%

Total 17 100%

Source: Field survey,2024

45

43
Thetablerevealedthatallrespondents17innumberwhichrepresent100%of

therespondentsagreethatalllevelofmanagementshouldbefurnishedwith

accountinginformation.

Question22:Whichofthe followingproblemsdoyouthinkis militatingagainst

effective performance of the accountdepartment?

Table4.16: Problemof effective performance

- -
Lackofmanagement
Inadequate accountingfacilities 10
58.82%
Inadequatetechnicalknow-how 7
41.18%
-
All -
Total 17 100%

Source: Field survey,2024

46
44
Fromthetableabove,58.82%oftherespondentstotalling10ofthe17

respondentsacceptedthatinadequateaccountingfacilitiesismilitatingagainst

effectiveperformancewhile41.18%i.e.7ofthe17respondentsareofthe

opinionthatinadequatetechnicalknow-howismilitatingagainsteffective

performance.

Question23:Howeffectivedoyouthinkaccountinginformationrevealsany

financial misappropriationin your bank?

Table4.17:Revealing of financial misappropriation

Options Response Percentage

Veryeffective - -
Effective 14 82.35%
Fairlyeffective 3 17.65%

Noteffective - -
Total 17 100%
Source: field survey,2024

Thetableshowsthat14oftherespondentswhichrepresents82.35%ofthe

respondentsagreedthataccountinginformationrevealsmisappropriation

effectivelywhile3oftherespondentsi.e.17.65%ofthetotalrespondents

agreedthataccountinginformationisfairlyeffectiveinrevealingfinancial

misappropriation.

Question25:Howeffectivedoesaccountinginformationaidmanagementin

decisionmaking?

47
45
Table4.18:Effectivenessof management decisionmaking
Options Response Percentage

Veryeffective 12 70.59%
Effective 5 29.41%
Fairlyeffective - -
Noteffective - -

Total 17 100%
Source: Field survey,2024

48
46
 Thetableshowsthat 12respondentsrepresenting70.59%are of the opinionthat

accountinginformationaidmanagementdecisionmakingveryeffectivewhile5

respondentsabout29.41%oftherespondentsareoftheopinionthataccounting

informationaidmanagementdecisionmakingaidiseffective.

4.4Testing Of Hypothesis

Thissectiondealswithtestingofthehypothesispostulatedbytheresearcher.

Thecriteriausedforacceptanceorrejectionofthishypothesisarebasedonthe

outcome of the findingsconsidered in the analysisandpresentationof data.

The studyhypothesis,

Ho- Thereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferenceintherespondentsize

amongthosewhoacceptthataccountinginformationarenottoolsfor

management decision making.

H1- Thereisastatisticallysignificantdifferenceintherespondents’size

amongthosewhoacceptthataccountinginformationaretoolsfor

management decision making.

Therespondents’responsewasusedtotestthehypothesis.Theresearcher

adoptedresponsestoQ5andQ7totestthehypothesisastheyarekeyto

effective managementdecisionmaking.

47
49
Table4.19:Determination ofobservedfrequency
Variables
Q5 Q7 Row Total
Veryadequate 3 17 20
Adequate 12 - 12
Fairlyadequate 2 - 2
Notadequate - - -
Total 17 17 34
Source: field survey, 2024

Hypothesis:

Ho–Thereisnostatistically significantdifferenceintherespondentsizeamong

thosewhoacceptthataccountinginformationarenottoolsfor

management decision making.

H1–Thereisstatisticallysignificantdifferenceamongthosewhoacceptthat

accountinginformationare tools for managementdecisionmaking.

𝛼=0.05

𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑚(𝑑. 𝑓)=𝑛−1=3 − 1=2

Table4.20:Computation:Usingextract fromtable4.19
Variable Respondentsize E (O-E)2
(O)
Veryadequate 20 11.33
(𝑂−
𝐸)2
𝐸
Adequate 12 11.33

Fairlyadequate 75.17 6.635

87.04 7.682

Source: field survey2024

50
48
Theexpectedvalueiscalculatedbycomputingthemeanofrespondentsizethat

is:

𝐸=
3
20+12+ 2
=11.33

Hence, from table4.20

( 𝑂 −𝐸 )2
𝑥 =∑
2
𝐸 =14.357

Or

(20 −11.33)2 (12 − 11.3. )++=14.357

−11.33)211.33 11.33
11.33

𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑥 2𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒=5.991

4.5Decision Rule

Since 14.357>5.991therefore,HOisrejected.Thecalculated𝑥 2value of14.357

isgreaterthanthecriticalvalueof5.991therefore;thereisenoughstatistical

evidencetorejectthenullhypothesis.Thedecisionrulethusistorejectthenull

hypothesisandaccepttheresearchhypothesisasseenfromtheabovechi-

square.

51 49
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONAND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarises the work, draw conclusions and make recommendations

onthe findings.

5.1Summary

Chapteroneidentifiestheconceptsandproblemsarisingfromaccounting

informationinanorganisation.Thechaptergaveageneralbackgroundtothe

studyinrelationtoaccountinginformation.

Thechapteralsostatestheproblems,significanceandpurposeofthestudy.

Alsoformulatedwasthehypothesisofthestudywhichwastestedinchapter

four.

Chaptertwousedsecondarydataofrenownedauthorsinthefieldofaccounting

tocreateliteraturereviewforthestudy.Thechapterdiscussedusersof

accountinginformation.Asectioninthechapteralsogaveatechniquesusedfor

decisionmakingprocessand selecting theapproximate decision.

Inchapterthree,thevariousproceduresemployedtoobtainboththeprimary

andsecondarydatawereoutlined.Theseincludethedesignoftheresearch

work,thepopulationofthestudy,samplingmethodusedingatheringdataand

thetool to test the classifieddata.

5250
Theclassification,presentation,evaluationandanalysisofdatawasdonein

chapterfour.Thechapteralsoanalysedthedataobtainedthroughthe

questionnaireandutilisationofinterviewtipsonthehypothesis.Thetesttool

wasapplied onthekey questions.

Chapterfivewhichisthelastchaptersummarized,drewconclusionsandmade

recommendationsonthestudy.

Generally,itwasconcludedthatinallaspectofanorganisation,accounting

informationcontributessignificantlytoachievingsetgoalsofbothinternaland

externalusersoffinancial advisoryservices.

5.2Findings

Thefollowingswerethefindingsoftheresearcherinthecourseofcarryingout
the researchwork:

1.Theledgeraccountswerenotreviewedfromtimetotimewhichwould

haveensurethatdebtorswithoutstandingadvancesarenotgrantednew

onesfor easydeterminationof outstandingbalancesat anypointintime.

2.Theinternalauditorsofthebankwerenotgivenadequatereportatthe

appropriate time toensuredue considerationandaccurate records.

3.Responsibleofficersarenotatsupervisoryandmanagementlevelwhich

wouldhelpedmaintainadequateimplementation,propersegregationof

53
51
 dutiesandfollowupprocedurestoensureadherencetomanagement

policies. Safeguardingthe asset.

5.3Conclusion
Thestudyhasprovedtheessenceofaccountinginformationinanorganisation

(economicenterprise).Ithasshownclearlytheusefulnessofaccounting

informationasatoolforeffectivemanagementdecisionmaking.Accounting

informationalsogaveprioritytocapitalprojectthatwillimprovethestandard

of the economy.

Fromtheresponsestothequestionnaires,itwasevidentthatmanagementof

organizations use accountinginformationfor decisionmaking.

Finally,itwasdiscoveredthatinadequateaccountingfacilitiesgreatlymilitate

against managementdecisionmaking.

5.4Recommendations

Inthecourseofthestudy,somelapseswerediscoveredthroughinvestigation

andobservationhence,the followingrecommendation:

1.Theledgeraccountsshouldbereviewedfromtimetotimetoensurethat

staffdebtorswithoutstandingadvancesarenotgrantednew onesforeasy

determinationof outstandingbalancesat anypointintime.

2.Themanagementshouldbeabletocomparealternativeactionsand

events fromthe accountinginformationorreportsuppliedthem.

3.Responsibleofficersshouldbebothatsupervisoryandmanagementlevel

tomaintainadequateimplementation,propersegregationofdutiesand

followupprocedurestoensureadherencetomanagementpolicies.

Safeguardingthe assets.

4.Theinternalauditofthebankshouldbegivenadequatereportatthe

appropriate time toensuredue considerationandaccurate records.

recommendationswillfacilitatetheeffectivenessofaccountinginformationon

managementandcontrolofbusinessactivitiesinFirstBankofNigeriaLimited,

AbdullahiFodioRoadBranch, Sokoto branch.

53
55
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