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S02 (Insertion Sort)

Insertion Sort is a simple, in-place sorting algorithm that builds a sorted array one item at a time. It performs well with small lists but has a time complexity of O(n²), making it inefficient for larger datasets. The algorithm involves iterating through the array, comparing elements, and shifting them to insert the key in the correct position.

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4 views40 pages

S02 (Insertion Sort)

Insertion Sort is a simple, in-place sorting algorithm that builds a sorted array one item at a time. It performs well with small lists but has a time complexity of O(n²), making it inefficient for larger datasets. The algorithm involves iterating through the array, comparing elements, and shifting them to insert the key in the correct position.

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rehantkmce
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Data Structures

Sorting Technique – Insertion Sort


Introduction
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Introduction
Insertion Sort:
●
It is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array(or list )
one item at a time
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Introduction
Insertion Sort:
●
It is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array(or list )
one item at a time
●
It is an in-place comparison-based algorithm
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

23 78 45 8 32

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=78

Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=78

key < arr[0]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32 78 < 23
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=78

key < arr[0]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32 78 < 23
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

key < arr[1]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32 45 < 78

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

key < arr[1]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 45 8 32 45 < 78

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

key < arr[1]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 8 32 45 < 78

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

key < arr[1] key < arr[0]


Sort Unsorted
23 78 8 32 45 < 78 45 < 23

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

key < arr[1] key < arr[0]


Sort Unsorted
23 45 78 8 32 45 < 78 45 < 23

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=45

Sort Unsorted
23 45 78 8 32

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2]

23 45 78 8 32 8 < 78
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2]

23 45 78 8 32 8 < 78
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1] key < arr[0]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45 8 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1] key < arr[0]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45 8 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1] key < arr[0]

23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45 8 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1] key < arr[0]

8 23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45 8 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key= 8

Sort Unsorted key < arr[2] key < arr[1] key < arr[0]

8 23 45 78 32 8 < 78 8 < 45 8 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Sort Unsorted
8 23 45 78 32

[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Sort Unsorted key < arr[3]

8 23 45 78 32 32 < 78
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3]

8 23 45 78 32 32 < 78
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3]

8 23 45 78 32 < 78
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2]

8 23 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2]

8 23 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2]

8 23 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45
[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

8 23 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45 32 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Unsorted
Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

8 23 32 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45 32 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
●
arr[SIZE] SIZE = 5

key=32

Sort key < arr[3] key < arr[2] key < arr[1]

8 23 32 45 78 32 < 78 32 < 45 32 < 23


[0 ] [1 ] [2] [3 ] [4 ]
arr arr ar r arr arr
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Algorithm
Insertion Sort(arr,size)
for i = 1 upto size
key = arr[i]
j=i-1
while ( j >=0 AND arr[j] > key)
arr[j+1] = arr[j]
j=j-1
arr[j+1] = key
return e_true
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
Advantages
●
It exhibits a good performance when dealing with a small list.
●
The insertion sort is an in-place sorting algorithm so the space requirement
is minimal..
Data Structure – Sorting Techniques

Insertion Sort
Advantages
●
It exhibits a good performance when dealing with a small list.
●
The insertion sort is an in-place sorting algorithm so the space requirement
is minimal..

Disadvantages
●
It requires n-squared processing steps for every n number of elements to be sorted.
●
Time complexity = O(n2)
Code - Insertion Sort

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