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The document outlines the various parts of speech in English, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, along with their functions. It also discusses sentence structure, detailing components such as the subject, predicate, direct object, indirect object, and subject complement. Additionally, it explains sentence fragments and the common issues that lead to them.

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12 views3 pages

Untitled Document

The document outlines the various parts of speech in English, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, along with their functions. It also discusses sentence structure, detailing components such as the subject, predicate, direct object, indirect object, and subject complement. Additionally, it explains sentence fragments and the common issues that lead to them.

Uploaded by

rosalesdelacruz816
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGLISH

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUN
●​ noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an),
but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can
be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Nouns show possession by adding 's. Nouns can
function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object,
indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.

PRONOUN

●​ word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called
its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are
further defined by type: personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things; possessive
pronouns indicate ownership; reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun;
relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause; and demonstrative pronouns identify, point to,
or refer to nouns.

VERB

●​ sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping
verbs. ("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must agree with its
subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take different forms to express
tense.

ADJECTIVE

●​ word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which
one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as adjectives.)

ADVERB

●​ describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers
the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often
end in -ly.

PREPOSITION
●​ word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.
Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost
always functions as an adjective or as an adverb.

CONJUNCTION

●​ joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined.
Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.
Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since,
etc.

INTERJECTION

●​ word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Parts of Sentence

●​ Subject
●​ Predicate
●​ Direct Object
●​ Indirect Object
●​ Complement

SUBJECT

●​ the person, place, or thing that is performing the action of the sentence. The subject
represents what or whom the sentence is about. The simple subject usually contains a
noun or pronoun and can include modifying words, phrases, or clauses.

PREDICATE

●​ expresses action or being within the sentence. The simple predicate contains the verb
and can also contain modifying words, phrases, or clauses.

●​ The subject and predicate make up the two basic structural parts of any complete
sentence. In addition, there are other elements, contained within the subject or
predicate, that add meaning or detail. These elements include the direct object, indirect
object, and subject complement. All of these elements can be expanded and further
combined into simple, compound, complex, or compound/complex sentences.

DIRECT OBJECT

●​ receives the action of the sentence. The direct object is usually a noun or pronoun.

INDIRECT OBJECT

●​ indicates to whom or for whom the action of the sentence is being done. The indirect
object is usually a noun or pronoun.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

●​ either renames or describes the subject, and therefore is usually a noun, pronoun, or
adjective. Subject complements occur when there is a linking verb within the sentence
(often a linking verb is a form of the verb to be).

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
●​ group of words that lacks one or more of these three things. While there are many
ways to end up with a fragment, almost every fragment is simply a result of one of the
following three problems:
●​ It is missing a subject
●​ It is missing a verb.
●​ It fails to complete the thought it starts.

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