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Chap#8Lect#11-Flow Over Notches and Weirs

The document discusses the concepts of notches and weirs, defining them as openings in tanks and obstructions in streams used for measuring liquid flow. It outlines the differences between notches and weirs, types of notches and weirs based on shape, and provides formulas for calculating discharge over various types. Additionally, it includes problems for practical application of the concepts presented.

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29 views10 pages

Chap#8Lect#11-Flow Over Notches and Weirs

The document discusses the concepts of notches and weirs, defining them as openings in tanks and obstructions in streams used for measuring liquid flow. It outlines the differences between notches and weirs, types of notches and weirs based on shape, and provides formulas for calculating discharge over various types. Additionally, it includes problems for practical application of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

ullah.rafiq1990
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Title: Fluid Mechanics

Course Code: CV 207 T

Lecture No. 11
Chapter No. 8: Flow over Notches and Weirs

Instructor: Dr. Rafiq Ullah


Department of Civil Engineering
S.S.U.E.T
Notch
A notch may be defined as an opening provided in the side of a tank or vessel such that the
liquid surface in the tank is below the top edge of the opening.
➢ It is used for measuring the rate of flow of a liquid through a small channel or a tank.
➢ It is generally made of metallic plate.
➢ A notch may be regarded as an orifice with the water surface below its upper edge.

Sill or Crest
Weir
A weir may be defined as any regular obstruction in an open stream over which the flow
takes place.
➢ Weir is used for measuring the rate of flow of water in rivers or streams.
➢ It is made of masonry or concrete.
➢ The weir will cause an increase in the depth of water as the water flows over the weir.
➢ Weir is generally in the form of a vertical wall running across the open channel.
Notch and weir
➢ The main difference between a notch and a weir is that the notch
is of a small size, but the weir is of a bigger size.
➢ A notch is usually made in a plate, whereas a weir is usually made
of masonry or concrete.

Nappe: The sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is


known as the nappe.
Crest or Sill: The top of the weir over which the water flows is
known as the crest.
The bottom edge of the notch over which water flows is known as the
crest.
Types of Notch and Weir
According to shapes
1. Rectangular notch
2. Triangular notch
3. Trapezoidal notch or
Cippoletti weir
4. Stepped notch
Discharge over Rectangular Notch or Weir
The formula for discharge over a rectangular notch or weir is given as:

Where:
Cd = Discharge coefficient
H = Height of water above the crest
L = Length of notch or weir
Discharge over Triangular Notch or Weir
The formula for discharge over a triangular notch or weir is given as:

Where:
Cd = Discharge Coefficient
H = Head of Water above apex of the notch or weir
𝜃 = Angle of the notch or weir
Discharge over Trapezoidal and Stepped Notch or Weir
The formula for discharge over a trapezoidal and stepped notch or weir is given as:
Problems
1. A rectangular notch has a discharge of 0·24 m3/s, when the head of water is 800 mm.
Find the length of the notch. Assume Cd = 0·6.
2. Find the discharge over a triangular notch of angle 60° when the head over the
triangular notch is 0·2 m. Assume Cd = 0·6.
3. Find the discharge through a trapezoidal notch which is 1·2 m wide at the top and 0·50
m at the bottom and is 0·4 m in height. The head of water on the notch is 0·3 m. Assume
Cd for rectangular portion = 0·62, while for triangular portion = 0·60.
Problems
4. Water is flowing over a Cipolletti weir 1.8 m long under a head of 1.2 m. Calculate the
discharge, if the coefficient of discharge for the weir is 0·62.

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