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PR1 Statement of The Problem

The document outlines the process of identifying and stating research problems in qualitative studies, emphasizing the importance of formulating general and specific problems. It provides guidelines for writing these problems, including the use of qualitative language and defining the research population and site. Additionally, it categorizes researchable questions into various types, highlighting their significance in data collection and analysis.

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40 views32 pages

PR1 Statement of The Problem

The document outlines the process of identifying and stating research problems in qualitative studies, emphasizing the importance of formulating general and specific problems. It provides guidelines for writing these problems, including the use of qualitative language and defining the research population and site. Additionally, it categorizes researchable questions into various types, highlighting their significance in data collection and analysis.

Uploaded by

Adi ico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statement of the

Problem
IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
The HEART of the research

General Problem Specific Problems


How to write the General Problem
in a Qualitative Study?

1. It should use single and not compound


sentences.
2. It should clearly express the purpose of the
study.
3. It should include the central phenomenon.
How to write the General Problem
in a Qualitative Study?

4. It should use qualitative words, e.g., explore,


discover, and explain.
5. It should identify the participants in the
study.
6. It should state the research site.
Sample pattern by Creswell and Clark (2014)
The purpose of this (narrative,
phenomenological, grounded theory,
ethnographic, case) is to (understand, describe,
develop, discover) the (central phenomenon of
the study) for (the participants) at (the site). At
this stage in the research, the (central
phenomenon) will be generally defined as (a
general definition of the central concept).
General Problem
Sample 1:
The overall objective of this phenomenological
study is to describe the intrapersonal and
interpersonal competencies of school principals, and
their relationship to the school effectiveness in the
Division of Bataan for the school year 2001-2002. The
result is used as a basis for an intervention program
(Cristobal, 2003). Here, intrapersonal is the school
managers’ own self-concept and personality while
interpersonal is their communication and expressions
in dealing with subordinates.
General Problem
Sample 2:
The objective of this ethnographic study is to
differentiate the customs and traditions of the
Aetas and the locals of Zambales enrolled in
Olongapo National City High School for the school
year 2014-2015. In this research, the customs and
traditions are defined as their practices in the
celebration of feasts.
General Problem
Sample 3:

The objective of this grounded theory study is


to characterize the general study habits of the
high school students that belong to the top ten of
the class. The study habits are concentrated on
the student's preparation before attending classes
daily.
The general problem is followed by an
enumeration of the specific problems because
it is easier to answer specific problems,
and when answered, it leads to the satisfaction
of the general or central question. These
problems are usually stated as questions that
the researcher seeks to answer.
Criteria for the Specific Problem:

1. They must be in question form.


2. They must define the population and the
samples of the study (respondents).
3. They must identify the variables being
studied.
Types of Questions

There are two general types of questions


formulated in research.
These are the non-researchable and
researchable questions.
NON-
•Should all mothers breastfeed
RESEARCHABLE
QUESTIONS their babies?

These are •Should high school teachers


questions that be watchful over their Grade 7
are answerable students?
by "yes" or "no"
NON-
•Should the schools offering
RESEARCHABLE
QUESTIONS different majors in senior high
schools require their students
to have a mandatory review
These are before taking the National
questions that Assessment Exam?
are answerable
by "yes" or "no"
NON-
•Do all head teachers have a
RESEARCHABLE
QUESTIONS master’s degree?

These are •Are family members helping


questions that their children in reviewing
are answerable their lessons?
by "yes" or "no"
Researchable questions…
Researchable questions are questions raised
to gather data.

Formulating clear and significant questions


prepares the researcher for subsequent
decision making on research design, data
collection, and data analysis.
Researchable questions samples…

•What are the common preparations done by


Grade 7 students during their first days in
school?
•How do senior high school students respond
to their Math teacher?
Researchable questions samples…

•What are the study habits of students who


are poorly performing?
•What is the relationship of the attitude of the
adviser to the classroom behavior of Grade 9
students?
Researchable questions samples…

•How do the officers of the Parent-Teacher


Community Association assist in the
improvement of school facilities?
Further classification of researchable questions:

•Factor-isolating questions
•Factor-relating questions
•Situation-relating questions
•Situation-producing questions
These ask the question
Classification of “What is this?”
researchable
questions
These are sometimes called
factor-naming questions
Factor- because they isolate,
isolating categorize, describe, or name
questions factors and situations.
Examples:
Classification of a. What is the profile of school
researchable principals in terms of the
questions
following?
i. Age
Factor- ii. Management experience
isolating
questions iii. Civil status
Examples:
Classification of a. What are the levels of
researchable competencies of school
questions
principals as described by their
respective teachers and
Factor- themselves in terms of the
isolating following:
questions i. Intrapersonal
ii. Interpersonal
These ask the question
Classification of “What is happening here?”
researchable
questions
The goal of these questions is
to determine the relationship
Factor- among factors that have been
relating identified.
questions
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions a. What is the relationship of
the level of performance of the
senior high school teachers to
Factor- the OJT performance of the
relating students enrolled in the
questions business track of Saint Paul
School of Professional Studies?
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions b. How does the performance
level of volleyball teams of
boys differ to that of the girls?
Factor-
relating
questions
These ask the question
Classification of “What will happen if?”
researchable
questions
These questions usually yield
hypotheses testing or
Situation- experimental study designs in
relating which the researcher
questions manipulates the variables to
see what will happen.
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions a. What are the effects of
computer-learning assisted
methods of teaching on the
Situation- interest level of the
relating sophomores in their history
questions subjects?
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions b. How significantly different is
the performance of center
agents who are well rested
Situation- with those who are not?
relating
questions
These ask the question
Classification of “How can I make it happen?”
researchable
questions
These questions establish
explicit goals for actions,
Situation- develop plans or prescriptions
producing to achieve goals, and specify
the conditions under which
questions these goals will be
accomplished.
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions a. Based on the, findings, what
human relation intervention
program, can be adopted to
Situation- enhance or improve school
producing effectiveness?
questions
Example:
Classification of
researchable
questions b. What faculty development
activities can be sponsored by
the PTCA to improve the
Situation- performance of graduating
producing students in the UP College
questions Admission Test (UPCAT)?

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