SQL Fundamentals Exam

Part I: Fundamentals and Data Definition Commands (2 points each)

1. What does SQL stand for?

( ) a. Standard Query List

( ) b. System Query Language

(*) c. Structured Query Language

( ) d. Sequential Query Language

2. Which of the following is a valid SQL data type for dates?

( ) a. varchar

(*) b. datetime

( ) c. int

( ) d. image

3. Which SQL command creates a new database?

(*) a. CREATE DATABASE

( ) b. NEW DATABASE

( ) c. MAKE DATABASE

( ) d. INIT DATABASE

4. What does the SQL command DROP TABLE do?

( ) a. Deletes all records

(*) b. Removes a table structure

( ) c. Removes duplicates

( ) d. Creates a table

5. Which command is used to create a new table?

(*) a. CREATE TABLE

( ) b. MAKE TABLE

( ) c. NEW TABLE

( ) d. BUILD TABLE

6. To ensure a column cannot be NULL upon creation, which keyword is used?

( ) a. DEFAULT

( ) b. UNIQUE

(*) c. NOT NULL

( ) d. CHECK

7. Which of the following is a character string data type?

( ) a. int

( ) b. datetime

(*) c. varchar

( ) d. money

8. Which SQL operator checks if a value exists in a set?

( ) a. LIKE

(*) b. IN

( ) c. BETWEEN

( ) d. IS NULL

9. The % symbol in a LIKE clause represents:

( ) a. One character

( ) b. No character

(*) c. Multiple characters

( ) d. Only numbers

10. Which of the following is a valid constraint for setting a default value?

( ) a. PRIMARY KEY

(*) b. DEFAULT

( ) c. NOT NULL

( ) d. UNIQUE

11. Which SQL data type is used for exact numeric values?

( ) a. real

( ) b. float

(*) c. int

( ) d. text

12. Which of the following is a logical operator in SQL?

( ) a. SELECT

( ) b. ADD

(*) c. OR
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( ) d. MULTIPLY

13. Which clause is used to sort the result set?

( ) a. GROUP BY

(*) b. ORDER BY

( ) c. HAVING

( ) d. SORT BY

14. To remove all rows from a table without deleting the table, use:

( ) a. DROP TABLE

(*) b. TRUNCATE TABLE

( ) c. DELETE TABLE

( ) d. REMOVE TABLE

15. Which command is used to modify an existing table?

( ) a. MODIFY TABLE

(*) b. ALTER TABLE

( ) c. UPDATE TABLE

( ) d. CHANGE TABLE

16. Which of the following creates a primary key during table creation?

( ) a. UNIQUE KEY

( ) b. PRIMARY CONSTRAINT

(*) c. PRIMARY KEY

( ) d. FOREIGN KEY

17. Which constraint ensures all values in a column are different?

( ) a. DEFAULT

( ) b. NOT NULL

( ) c. CHECK

(*) d. UNIQUE

18. Which command permanently deletes a database?

( ) a. DROP TABLE

(*) b. DROP DATABASE

( ) c. DELETE DATABASE
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( ) d. REMOVE DATABASE

19. Which clause is used to filter rows returned by a query?

( ) a. ORDER BY

( ) b. DISTINCT

(*) c. WHERE

( ) d. LIMIT

20. What is the use of the DISTINCT keyword?

( ) a. Selects rows with all values

( ) b. Removes all rows

(*) c. Selects unique values

( ) d. Sorts values

21. Which data type is best suited for storing large text documents?

( ) a. char

(*) b. text

( ) c. varchar

( ) d. int

22. Which type of SQL command is CREATE TABLE?

( ) a. Data Manipulation

( ) b. Data Query

( ) c. Data Control

(*) d. Data Definition

23. What does the CHECK constraint do?

( ) a. Ensures uniqueness

( ) b. Prevents NULLs

(*) c. Sets a condition

( ) d. Sets a default

24. To add a column to an existing table, which command is used?

( ) a. MODIFY COLUMN

(*) b. ALTER TABLE ... ADD

( ) c. CHANGE TABLE
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( ) d. INSERT COLUMN

25. Which keyword is used to reference a key in another table?

( ) a. UNIQUE

( ) b. CHECK

(*) c. FOREIGN KEY

( ) d. DEFAULT

Part II: Data Manipulation and Queries (3 points each)

26. Which command adds new records to a table?

( ) a. UPDATE

( ) b. MERGE

(*) c. INSERT

( ) d. ADD

27. Which clause is used to filter records?

( ) a. ORDER BY

( ) b. SELECT

(*) c. WHERE

( ) d. GROUP BY

28. How do you select all columns from a table?

( ) a. SELECT ALL

( ) b. SELECT EVERYTHING

(*) c. SELECT * FROM table_name;

( ) d. SELECT COLUMNS

29. The LIKE operator is used for:

(*) a. Pattern matching

( ) b. Sorting

( ) c. Arithmetic

( ) d. Grouping

30. The IN operator checks:

( ) a. Date values

( ) b. Range limits
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(*) c. Presence in a list

( ) d. Character length

31. What does the BETWEEN clause do?

( ) a. Matches pattern

( ) b. Checks NULL

(*) c. Specifies range

( ) d. Selects duplicates

32. How do you retrieve unique values?

( ) a. GROUP BY

( ) b. ORDER BY

(*) c. DISTINCT

( ) d. COUNT

33. What is the correct syntax to delete a specific record?

( ) a. REMOVE * FROM table

( ) b. DELETE * FROM table

(*) c. DELETE FROM table WHERE condition;

( ) d. DROP ROW

34. Which command modifies existing data?

( ) a. ALTER

(*) b. UPDATE

( ) c. MODIFY

( ) d. CHANGE

35. To select students aged 18 or older, use:

( ) a. WHERE Age = 18

(*) b. WHERE Age >= 18

( ) c. Age > '18'

( ) d. WHERE Age <= 18

36. To find all students without a section, use:

(*) a. IS NULL

( ) b. IS EMPTY
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( ) c. IS BLANK

( ) d. EQUALS NULL

37. Wildcard for a single character in LIKE clause is:

( ) a. %

(*) b. _

( ) c. *

( ) d. ?

38. What does the SELECT statement do?

( ) a. Insert data

( ) b. Update data

(*) c. Query data

( ) d. Delete data

39. The ORDER BY clause sorts results in:

( ) a. Random order

( ) b. Descending order only

(*) c. Ascending/Descending order

( ) d. Duplicate order

40. Which SQL command removes all data from a table?

( ) a. DROP

(*) b. TRUNCATE

( ) c. DELETE

( ) d. CLEAR

41. Which command selects all data from 'Students' table?

( ) a. SELECT ALL Students

( ) b. SELECT FROM Students

(*) c. SELECT * FROM Students;

( ) d. SELECT EACH Students

42. Which clause sorts results alphabetically by name?

( ) a. GROUP BY name

(*) b. ORDER BY name

( ) c. FILTER BY name

( ) d. SORT name

43. Which operator checks for NULL?

( ) a. EQUAL NULL

(*) b. IS NULL

( ) c. = NULL

( ) d. NOT NULL

44. Which command changes the section of a student?

( ) a. SET Section

(*) b. UPDATE Students

( ) c. MODIFY Students

( ) d. INSERT INTO Students

45. Which clause checks if a value falls within a range?

( ) a. LIKE

( ) b. IN

(*) c. BETWEEN

( ) d. RANGE

46. What is the correct syntax to update a record?

( ) a. MODIFY table SET

(*) b. UPDATE table_name SET column=value WHERE condition;

( ) c. CHANGE value WHERE

( ) d. SET column=value

47. What does DELETE FROM table_name do?

( ) a. Deletes table

( ) b. Removes schema

(*) c. Deletes all records

( ) d. Deletes selected row

48. What happens if no WHERE clause is used with DELETE?

( ) a. Deletes one row

( ) b. Nothing
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(*) c. Deletes all records

( ) d. Syntax error

49. Which command is used to filter records with specific values in a list?

( ) a. SELECT ALL

( ) b. BETWEEN

(*) c. IN

( ) d. GROUP

50. To match names that start with 'J', use:

( ) a. LIKE 'J_'

(*) b. LIKE 'J%'

( ) c. IN ('J')

( ) d. BETWEEN 'J'