19EAC385 R Programming Lab

Date: ..../....../......

Lab Sheet 1
Familiarization of R Computation
Environment
Aim
• To familiarize with the R computing environment and the basic constructs of
the R programming language, such as, data types, control flow, loops, func-
tions, strings, vectors, matrices and arrays.

Introduction
R is a programming language and a computation environment mainly used for sta-
tistical analysis, data visualization and reporting. It is a widely used programming
language in machine learning, statistics, and data analysis. Though R is a self con-
tained and independent programming language, it also allows us to integrate with
other languages such as C and C++. This labsheet serves as a basic introduction
to the R programming language and the R computation environment.

Examples
Basic Arithmetic in R
x = 2
y = 3
z = x + y
print ( z )

Figure 1: Basic Arithmetic in R

Data Types and Variables

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x = TRUE
print ( class ( x ) )

x = 1.234
print ( class ( x ) )

x = 2L
print ( class ( x ) )

x = 2+3 i
print ( class ( x ) )

x = ’c ’
print ( class ( x ) )

x = charToRaw (" Hello ")

print ( class ( x ) )

Figure 2: Data Types in R

Vectors
v = c (1 ,2 ,3)
print ( v )

v1 = c (1 ,4 ,9 ,16 ,25)
print ( v1 )

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Figure 3: Vectors

Matrices
M = matrix ( c (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6) , nrow = 2 , ncol = 3 , byrow = TRUE )
print ( M )
M = matrix ( c (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6) , nrow = 2 , ncol = 3 , byrow = FALSE )
print ( M )
M = matrix ( c (1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6) , nrow = 2 , ncol = 3)
print ( M )
I = matrix ( c (1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,1) , nrow = 3 , ncol = 3)
print ( I )

Figure 4: Matrices

Arrays
A = array ( c (1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,2 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,2 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,2) , dim = c (3 ,3 ,2) )
print ( A )

A1 = array ( c (1 ,0) , dim = c (3 ,3 ,2) )

print ( A1 )

A2 = array ( c (1 ,0 ,3) , dim = c (3 ,3 ,2) )

print ( A2 )

A3 = array ( c (1 ,0 ,3 ,4) , dim = c (3 ,3 ,2) )

print ( A3 )

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A4 = array ( c (1 ,0 ,3 ,4 ,5) , dim = c (3 ,3 ,2) )

print ( A4 )

Figure 5: Arrays

if...else statement
a = 14
if ( is . integer ( a ) ) {
print (" a is an integer ")
} else if ( is . numeric ( a ) ) {
print (" a is numeric ")
} else {
print (" a is neither integer nor numeric ")
}

x = runif (1 , min =0 , max =0)

if (x >0.5) {
print (" Success ")
} else {
print (" Failure ")
}

Figure 6: if...else statement

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19EAC385 R Programming Lab

Switch Statement
x = switch (" color " , " color "=" Red " , " shape "=" circle " ," type "=" good ")
print ( x )

Figure 7: Switch Statement

repeat statement
v = c (" Hello " ," Loop ")
counter = 1
repeat {
print ( v )
if ( counter > 5) {
break
}
counter = counter +1
}

Figure 8: repeat statement

x = 0
repeat {
print ( x )
x = x +1
if ( x > 10) {
break
}

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counter = 1
while ( counter <20) {
print ( counter )
counter = counter +2
}

Figure 9: repeat statement

Function
avg = mean (1:5)
print ( avg )

x1 = c (3 ,2 ,7 ,1 ,0 ,6 ,9 , -2 ,4)
print ( max ( x1 ) )
print ( min ( x1 ) )

x2 = sum (1:4)
print ( x2 )

print ( seq (1:5) )

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Figure 10: Function

User-defined Functions
printSq = function ( max_val ) {
for ( i in 1: max_val ) {
sq = i ^2
print ( sq )
}
return ( sq )
}
printSq (5)

Figure 11: User-defined Functions in R

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Exercise: Write an R function to return the mean of all inte-

gers between a minimum value and a maximum value. The
minimum and maximum values will be given as the input
arguments of the function. Print the returned mean value

calculate_mean = function ( min_val , max_val ) {

if ( min_val > max_val ) {
stop (" Minimum value should be less than or equal to maximum
value .")
}
mean_value = mean ( seq ( min_val , max_val ) )
return ( mean_value )
}

calculate_mean (5 , 10)

Figure 12: Function to Compute Mean

Question 1: Write a R program to take input from the user

(name and age) and display the values. Also print the version
of R installation.

Figure 13: Output

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19EAC385 R Programming Lab

Question 2:Write a R program to print the numbers from 1

to 100 and print ”Fizz” for multiples of 3, print ”Buzz” for
multiples of 5, and print ”FizzBuzz” for multiples of both.

Figure 14: Output

Question 3: Write a R program to create an empty data

frame

Figure 15: Output

Question 4: Write a R program to create two 2x3 matrix and

add, subtract, multiply and divide the matrixes.

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Figure 16: Output

Question 5: Write a R program to extract every nth element

of a given vector

Figure 17: Output

Question 6: What is the output of the function. Explain the

return() function

Figure 18: Output

The return () function explicitly specifies the value that the

function should return when called . In this case , the function
multiplies the input x by 5 and returns the result .

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Question 7: Explain the following function example

Figure 19: Output

If an argument is provided , the function uses that value .

If no argument is provided , it defaults to " Norway ".

Question 8: In the following example, what is the break func-

tion?

Figure 20: Output

The break function stops the loop once it encounters " cherry ".

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Question 9: Write a loop function to print “hello”, if the dice

number is less than 6.

Figure 21: Output

Question 10: Write a function to get user number and give

the square root of that number.

Figure 22: Output

Evaluation
Participation Knowledge Results Conduct Report Ethics Total

Name of the faculty:

Signature with date:

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