INDEX

1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….1

2. Litarature Review ……………………………………………………………..17

3. Aim And Objectives …………………………………………………………..25

4. Plan of Work …………………………………………………………………..26

5. Drug Profile …….……………………………………………………………...27

6. Excipient profile………………………………………………………………..31

7. Matarial And Method…………………………………….…………………….34

8. Preparation of peel off face Gel mask……………………..…………………...35

9. Evaluation Parameter of Peel Off Face Mask………………………………….37

10.Result and Discussion ………………………………………………………….39

11.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...41

12.References ……………………………………………………………………..42
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

1.INTRODUCTION

Cosmetics is the word derived from the Greek word ―kosmtikos‖, it means ―having the
power to arrange, skilled in decorating. According to drug and cosmetics act it is defined as
the article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed of introduced or applied to the
human body or other parts for cleansing, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance.
Herbal cosmetics have less side effects when compared to synthetic one. Different parts of
the plants such as leaves, flowers, roots, stem, rhizomes, seed and bark are used in cosmetics.
Herbal ingredients are compatible with all skin type. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease
in human. It is characterized by multiple and inflammatory follicular papules, nodules and
pustules in its more severe forms. Acne occurs due to the hyper sensitivity of sebaceous
glands to a normal circulating level of androgens that are aggravated by propioni bacterium
acnes and inflammation.
The major causes of acne include the following:
 Use of medication like Lithium steroids and anti-convulsants.
 Genetic factors
 Pregnancy
 Endocrine disorder like Polycycstic ovarian syndrome.
The peel off mask are used to treat facial skin problems such dark skin, acne, wrinkles etc. It
also used for cleansing , moisturizing and also help in removing the dead skin. It is prepared
by using polymers which can form a thin layer on the skin. The peel off mask is applied as
thin film which is spread with fingers on face or other body parts. It is allowed to dry, then
pulled away from face with fingers.
Benefits of herbal peel off mask:
 Rejuvenates the skin
 Remove dead skin cells
 Reduces skin problems like acne, wrinkles etc
 Promote skin tightening and toner
 Remove facial hair
The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of herbs such as cabbage,
Manjishta, Rose petal, Green tea, Turmeric, Neem reduces redness, skin irritation and the
remedies for skincare, a functional peel-off mask for use.

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Now a days, The Herbs are widely used as remedial agents because herbs are easily
available at less expensive. The herbs are used from the ancient time for cleaning,
beautifying and the treatment of various skin disease. The skin of the face is the major part
of the body but some common skin diseases are Acne, black head, pimples, dark circle are
seen in youngsters and these dark circle reduce the fairness of the face. According to
Ayurveda, Skin problems are normally due to environmental factors and free radicals in
blood. In ancient times, the women were very conscious about their beauty and treat the
facial skin problems through the medicated herbs like as- neem, aloe vera, tulsi, orange peel,
rose and some for blood purification herbs like, Manjistha, Chandana, Turmeric and some
rock salts.
The different types of skin conditions are need different types of herbal face packs because
the some face pack are not suit for the specific type of skin. The face pack are increase the
blood circulation of veins of the face and provide the necessary nutrients to the skin for
growth of new cells and health
The determinant step in the development of a cosmetic formulation involves stability study,
with the objective of predicting physical, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological
alterations that may occur since its manufacturing, until the end of its expiration date .
Besides, this study allows the evaluation of the cosmetic product performance, safety and
efficacy and contributes for its development time reduction which is highly required by the
market and the consumers. The stability test guides the development of cosmetic
formulations, providing information for preparation improvements, in case of instability
manifestations and/or incompatibility among ingredients.
For the stability test to be meaningful, it is important to establish variables that will be
evaluated, defining the acceptance criteria and/or the methods able to measure the attribute
variations over time. The choice of the tests to be performed is responsibility of the
researcher and the criteria and decisions are based on the type of cosmetic product related to
the scientific literature, guides and Official Compendiums, once each formulation has
particular characteristics of ingredients and cosmetic forms. These criteria must take also
into account the main product characteristics, because these attributes must remain with no
alteration - or with alterations that do not compromise the performance and presentation of
product (The peel off facial masks may be used as vehicles for active substances like the soy
milk fermented by Bifido bacterium animal, which presents as attributes the antioxidant and
the moisture properties, indicating a cosmetic potential.

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In this study, the physical and physicochemical stability of peel off facial mask formulations
containing fermented soy milk, and their respective cosmetic bases, were compared by
Preliminary and Accelerated Stability studies and formulation performance, evaluated by in
vitro drying time. istorically, the main focus of research in face recognition has been given to
the.
improvement of the performance at verification and identification tasks, that means,
distinguishing better between subjects using the available information of their faces. To
achieve that goal, a FRS should be able to optimize the differences between the facial
features of each user and also the similarities among samples of the same user. Within the
variability factors that can affect the performance of face recognition systems there are
occlusions, low-resolution, different viewpoints, lighting, etc. Improving the performance of
recognition systems in the presence of these.

Ideal Characteristics of peel off face mask

 It should be non-irritating and nontoxic.
 It should be stable both physically and chemically.
 It should be free from gritty particles.
 It. Should produced a definite tightening effect after application.
 Must be dermatological non-toxic, non-irritating to normal skin.
 It should form adherent coating on the skin.
 It should posses‘ sufficient absorbent power.
 Easily & evenly spread on application.
 It should have pleasant odor.
 Less side effects on the skin health
Peel of mask are high-quality powder masks which have been developed specifically for
cosmetic treatment in the beauty salon. They are mixed with Ocean Mineral Activator and
are immediately applied onto the face and neck, but also the neckline and e.g. hands, where
they form something akin to a second skin and impress with their intensive effect. Whilst the
mask slowly hardens, moisture collects in the horny layer beneath the elastic mask film,
which is impermeable to air and water. At the same time, the peel-off masks' active
substances and additional active substances, e.g. from ampoules, are able to penetrate
particularly well into the skin and intensively supply the substances it requires within a short
space of time. Peel off facial masks, based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are formulations
that, after application
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

and drying, form an occlusive film over the face. After removing, they provide cleanness,
tensor and moisturizing effects, removing dead cells, residues and other materials deposited
on the stratum corneous. When compared to the unfermented extract, providing benefits to
the cosmetic formulations like anti-aging effect, moisture, tensor action. The skin-smoothing
and elasticity-enhancing effect is revealed after just one application.
Peel off Mask gently stimulates the metabolism due to its occlusive effect. Waste products
and accumulated tissue fluid are rapidly transported away. A significantly improved skin
profile is rapidly achieved. Skin is the protective layer of the body exposed to environmental
pollution hence, it is essential to protect the skin . Peel off mask can be used as the remedy to
treat facial skin related problems such as wrinkles, ageing, acne and it can also be used to
close the pores as the open pore scan cause deposition of dust and result in white heads.
Peel off mask can be used for cleansing and moisturizing the skin. Most of the face peel off
mask is prepared by polymers which can thro thin layer on face Peel off mask is available in
gel form and as dry form Dead skin cells can be removed by applying peel off mask. Mask
can remain on the face for 15-20 minutes the duration can be varied depending on the
ingredients used Some peel off mask required whole night for better result .It can be
prepared with synthetic ingredients. Such as Activated charcoal and other ingredients like
polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, methanol, Tween twenty, ascorbic acid
and water . the preparation was evaluated for its physical characteristic and it was found to
have the entire desired characteristics of a peel off mask.

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2. Anatomy of the Skin

Your skin is the largest organ on your body, made up of several different components,
including water, protein, lipids, and different minerals and chemicals. If you're average, your
skin weighs about six pounds. It's job is crucial: to protect you from infections and germs.
Throughout your life, your skin will change constantly, for better or worse. In fact, your skin
will regenerate itself approximately every 27 days. Proper skin care is essential to
maintaining the health and vitality of this protective organ. rough cleansing. You should
perform this twice daily. At night, make sure you remove all your make-up and cleanse
properly before going to bed market that are oil-free. The epidermis is the thinnest layer in
your skin, but it's responsible for protecting you from the harsh environment. The epidermis
has five layers of its own. It also hosts different types of cells: keratinocytes produce the
protein known as keratin, the main component of the epidermis. Melanocytes produce your
skin pigment known as melanin. Langerhans cells prevent foreign substances from getting
into your skin.

Figure no. 01 Human skin

 Functions of the skin

1. Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and
hazardous substances. prevents loss of moisture.
2. Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation.
3. Acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature).
4. Helps regulate temperature.
5. An immune organ to detect infections etc.
6. Production of vitamin D.
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 Balanced nutrition-
Moisturizing - This is recommended even for those who have oily skin. There are plenty of
moisturizers on the mark Facts about the skin. The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers
the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection. The
skin also:
Your skin takes on different thickness, color, and texture all over your body. For example,
your head contains more hair follicles than anywhere else. But the soles of your feet have
none. In addition, the soles of your feet and the palms of your hands are much thicker than
skin on other areas of your body. When the skin produces excessive sebum, it becomes
heavy and thick in texture, known as oily skin. Oily skin is typified by shininess, blemishes
and pimples. The oily-skin type is not necessarily bad, since such skin is less prone to
wrinkling, or other signs of ageing, because the oil helps to keep needed moisture locked into
the epidermis (outermost layer of skin).
 Sebaceous glands
The sebaceous glands are usually attached to hair follicles and pour their secretion, sebum,
into the follicular canal. In a few areas of the body, disproportionately large sebaceous
glands are associated with very small hair follicles; in other areas there are glands that are
altogether free of follicles.The outstanding feature of sebaceous glands is their holocrine
mode of secretion, involving complete disintegration of the sebaceous cells. The glands
consist of a series of lobes, or acini, each with a duct running toward the main sebaceous
duct. The cells are generated by cell division around the periphery of each lobe. As they
move toward the centre of the lobe and toward the duct, they synthesize and accumulate fat
globules and become progressively larger and distorted. .

Figure no. 02 Sebaceous glands

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Human sebum is a complex mixture of lipids—triglyceride fats (57.5 percent), wax esters
(26 percent), squalene (12 percent), cholesterol esters (3 percent), and cholesterol (1.5
percent). The triglycerides are largely hydrolyzed by bacteria by the time the sebum reaches
the skin surface, so that about a third of the surface fat consists of free fatty acids.
 Sweat glands –
Sweat glands are coiled tubes of epidermal origin, though they lie in the dermis. Their
secretory cells surround a central space, or lumen, into which the secretion is extruded. There
are two distinct types: eccrine glands open by a duct directly onto the skin surface; apocrine
glands usually develop in association with hair follicles and open into them.

Figure no. 03 Sweat gland

Most other mammals have numerous apocrine glands in the hairy skin; eccrine glands are
usually absent from the hairy skin and limited to friction surfaces. In nonhuman primates
there is a tendency for the number of eccrine sweat glands over the body to increase in
progressively advanced animals at the same time that the number of apocrine glands
becomes reduced. Prosimians (primitive primates, such as lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers) have
only apocrine glands in the hairy skin; eccrine glands begin to appear in some of the higher
forms. Humans have the most eccrine glands, with apocrine glands restricted to specific
areas. The odour of axillary secretion becomes more intense as it is decomposed by bacteria.
Although axillary odours frequently seem unpleasant, they are not invariably so. The odour
of individual human beings comes mostly from apocrine secretion, with some contribution
from sebum. Since the body odours of all other animals have a social or sexual significance,
it can be assumed that this is the archetypal purpose of apocrine secretion, even in humans.
The view that the axillary organs are scent glands is supported by the finding that
androsterones—the compounds are responsible for the odour of the boar to which the sow
responds—also occur in human axillary secretions.

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ABOUT PHARMACEUTICAL GEL

Gel are defined as semi rigid system in which the movement of the dispersing medium is
restricted by an interlacing three dimensional network or solvent macromolecules of the
dispersed phase. A gel is a semi solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to
hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross linked system, which exhibits
no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this
system. A gel has been defined phenomenologically as a soft, solid or solid-like material
consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial
quantity.
Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional
cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel
its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick. In this way, gels are a
dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium.Gels are made using substances
(called gelling agents) that undergo a high degree of cross-linking or association when
hydrated and dispersed in the dispersing medium, or when dissolved in the dispersing
medium. This cross-linking or association of the dispersed phase will alter the viscosity of
the dispersing medium. The movement of the dispersing medium is restricted by the
dispersed phase, and the viscosity is increased.If the gel contains small discrete particles, the
gel is called a two-phase system. If the gel does not appear to have discrete particles, it is
called as a one-phase system. Two-phase systems are thixotropic; e.g., they are semisolid on
standing but liquefy when shaken. If the particle size in a two-phase system is large.

Figure no.04 Appearance of gel

Examples of two-phase systems include Aluminum Hydroxide Gel and Bentonite Magma.
Single-phase systems contain linear or branched polymer macromolecules that dissolve in
water and have no apparent boundary with the dispensing medium. These macromolecules
are

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classed as natural polymers (i.e., Tragacanth), semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (i.e.,

methylcellulose), or synthetic polymers (i.e., Carbomer polymers).

i. Classification of Gels -
1. Controlled release gels
2. Organogels
3. Extended release gels
4. Amphiphilic gel
5. Hydrophilic gels
6. Non aqueous gels
7. Bioadhesive gel
8. Thermosensitive sol-gel reversible hydrogels
9. Complexation
10. Hydrogel

1. Controlled Release Gels -Drug delivery to nasal or ocular mucosa for either local or
systemic action suffers from many obstacles. Gel formulations with suitable rheological and
mucoadhesive properties increase the contact time at the site of absorption. However, drug
release from the gel must be sustained if benefits are to be gained from the prolonged contact
time.

2. Hydrophilic Gels - Hydrophilic gels are composed of the internal phase made of a
polymer producing a coherent three-dimensional net-like structure, which fixes the liquid
vehicle as the external phase. Intermolecular forces bind the molecules of the solvent to a
polymeric net, thus decreasing the mobility of these molecules and producing a structured
system with increased viscosity.

3. Non Aqueous Gels - Ethyl cellulose was successfully formulated as a non aqueous gel
with propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate. The novel nonaqueous gel exhibited rheological
profiles corresponding to a physically cross-linked three dimensional gel network, with
suitable mechanical characteristics for use as a vehicle for topical drug delivery. Molecular
conformation of the solvent was found to influence the molecular interactions associated
with formation of ethyl cellulose gel networks.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

The gel matrices exhibited prominent viscoelastic behavior, yield stress and thixotropy.
Rheological and mechanical properties showed significant upward trends with increased
polymeric chain length and polymer concentrations. Good linear correlations were obtained
between rheological and mechanical properties. The solvent molecular conformation was
found to play a role in affecting the formation of gel networks via intermolecular hydrogen
bonding between ethylcellulose polymer chains.

4. Hydrogels - Hydrogels are gel systems in which water immobilised by insoluble polymer.
The elements of hydrogels are water and a polymeric substance that is hydrophilic, but not
water soluble. When exposed to water, the dry polymer swells and absorbs liquid. The
polymer strands are cross-linked either chemically or by physical forces. For convenience,
hydrogels may be defined by the type of polymer employed and/or the cross-linking

mechanism.

Figure no. 05 Hydrogel

5. Bio adhesive gel- The term ―bioadhesion‖ indicates adhesion or absorption by the
body. Therefore, a bioadhesion gel (more correctly bioadhesive gel) should be called a tissue
adhesive gel. When the word ―mucoadhesion‖ is used, one must deduce that the general
target is the mucosa, a tissue to which ordinary material does not easily adhere. The concept
of gel also needs to be examined—materials in use today are not gels in the strictest sense.
The materials currently available are polymer matrices that absorb water and adhere to
mucosa, but they do not facilitate maintaining of an original shape. The discussion on actual
application examples and research examples focuses on the polymers that have
mucoadhesive properties. The advantages of drug delivery to mucosal tissue rather than
through the usual avenues of entry include: the first time passage effect can be avoided, drug
delivery can be interrupted by removing the drug, and selective administration can be
performed relatively easily and precisely. It is expected that the number of studies on
mucoadhesive drugs will increase in the future.
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ii. Advantages of gel

 Gels are used to achieve optimal cutaneous and percutaneous drug delivery.
 They can avoid gastrointestinal drug absorption difficulties caused by gastrointestinal pH.
 Gels are having property to avoid enzymatic activity and drug interaction with food and drinks.
 They can substitute for oral administration of medication when the route is unsuitable.
 They can avoid the first pass effect, that is, the initial pass of drug substance through the
human body.
 They avoid systemic and portal circulation following gastrointestinal absorption.
 Gels are not deactivated by liver enzymes because the liver is bypassed.
 They are non-invasive and have patient compliance.
 They are applied over skin for slow and prolonged absorption..
 They have localized effect with minimum side effects.

iii. Disadvantages of gel

 Enzyme in epidermis may denature the drugs of gels.

 Drugs of larger particle size do not absorb through the skin.
 They have poor permeability of some drugs through the skin.
 Selection of area to be examined carefully during application of gels.
 Gels which are used for the introduction into body cavity or the eyes should be sterilized.

iv. Application of Gels

 As delivery systems for orally administered drugs.
 For topical drugs applied directly to the skin, mucous membrane or the eye.
 As long acting forms of drug injected intramuscularly or implanted into the body.
 Lubricant for catheters.
 Bases for patch testing.
 Sodium fluoride & Phosphoric acid gel for dental care prophylactic.

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b. ABOUT PEEL OFF FACE GEL MASK

Peel-off masks have become a popular addition to many skincare routines. These masks
typically come in a gel or liquid form that is applied to the skin and left to dry. Once dry, the
mask is peeled off, it removes impurities and dead skin cells. The benefits of using peel-off
masks are numerous. The benefits of golden peel off mask that it can help you unclog pores
and remove dead skin cells easily.
Incorporating these peel-off masks into a regular skincare routine can help you maintain
clear, healthy, and youthful-looking skin. In this blog, we will explore these peel-off mask
benefits in detail while highlighting the importance of peel-off masks in achieving optimal
skin health. Peel-off masks work by adhering to the surface of your skin, drying, and then be
peeled off while removing dead skin cells and impurities with them.
Dead skin cells can build up on your skin‘s surface, leading to dull, tired-looking skin.
Removing dead skin cells is important for healthy skin as it helps you unclog pores and prevent
acne breakouts. It also helps you allow other skincare products to penetrate your skin more
effectively. contains natural ingredients like gold collagenous boosters, orange peel-off crystals,
and aloe vera, which work together to gently exfoliate the skin and promote a brighter as well as
radiant complexion.it removes dead cells, extra hair on the face, pigmentation, provides a
glow to the skin, cleans the skin pores, moisturizes, and hydrates the skin.
The stable nature of the product and its compatibility with all skin types Good spreadability
Cleanse the skin surface.

Figure no. 06 Apply peel off face gel mask

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i. TYPES OF PEEL OFF FACE MASK

Masks, as we know them today, come as one of 4 categories:

1. Peel off: One continuous sheet was applied to the skin, left to dry for 30 minutes,
and then peeled off. They are perfect for offering both a purifying and rejuvenating action
and perception. When the polymeric network is removed, they efficiently remove the very
top layer of old, dead skin cells to reveal younger-looking skin beneath.

2. Sheet: Sheet masks are the most versatile because they are effective serum formulations
with actives added to achieve the product purpose, e.g.: o Whitening o Anti-aging o Anti-
sebum The sheet of the mask helps stabilize the formulation and give it the necessary
structure, so little in the way of stabilizing and structuring ingredients are needed to achieve
anything you wish based on the active select.

3. Leave-on: These kinds of masks come in crème-gel or cream forms that are extremely
moisturizing. They are applied to the skin, kept on for 15 to 30 minutes (or overnight), and
then the remaining product is rubbed in. They are meant to deliver more moisture and
emollience than regular creams, hence they have greater lipid and humectant content.

4. Charcoal/clay: With the addition of charcoal or clay, these types of masks serve as
necessary cream cleansers. Additionally, this increases viscosity. Clay and charcoal are
excellent food sources for microorganisms, but they should be purchased properly prepared.
So proper preservation is crucial for this product.Peel-off masks are majorly known for their
exfoliating properties. It instantly peels away the dead skin cells, dirt, blackheads, oil, and
dullness, revealing glowing skin underneath. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried
helps to lift off plenty of tiny particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time.
Traditional masks, on the other hand, are excellent for hydrating the skin.The best peel-off
mask for oily skin can help to alleviate the problem of oily skin by absorbing excess oil from
the skin while also unclogging and cleansing your pores. Traditional masks can provide
significant results in terms of oil control, but if they are not rinsed off at the appropriate time,
they can cause drying.

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ii. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASK

1. Exfoliating Properties - Peel-off masks are majorly known for their exfoliating
properties. It instantly peels away the dead skin cells, dirt, blackheads, oil, and dullness,
revealing glowing skin underneath. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried helps to lift
off plenty of tiny particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time. Traditional
masks, on the other hand, are excellent for hydrating the skin.

2. Works Instantly - They work instantaneously and are best suited for special occasions.
Traditional facemasks, on the other hand, are ideal for those looking for deep cleansing
results.

3. Deep Cleansing - Peel-off masks are quick fixes for dull, dehydrated skin and work their
magic in a matter of 15 minutes.

4. Improves blood circulation - The orange peel off mask increases blood circulation and
oxygen supply, which tightens the skin and makes it appear beautiful and youthful. Natural
ingredients such as orange peel extracts energise the epidermis with vitamins and aid in the
restoration of your skin‘s natural lustre.

5. Banishes Dead skin and dirt - Peel-off masks are a kind of physical exfoliant,
meaning they eliminate the outer layer of skin to discard dead skin cells. It makes the skin
feel soft and radiant. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried lifts off all the tiny
particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time.Most peel off masks will absorb
excess oil from the skin, this makes it an excellent product for those with oily and acne-
prone skin. Since these masks help reduce pore size and make the skin appear firm, mature
skin can also benefit from it.

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1.3.3 MARKETED FORMULATION OF PEEL OFF FACE GEL MASK

EVERYUTH NATURAL PEEL OFF FACE MASK

HIMALAYA CUCUMBER PEEL OFF MASK

ACTIVE CHARCOAL PEEL OFF MASK

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

GLAMVEDA GOLDEN PEEL OFF MASK

FREEMAN CUCUMBER PEEL OFF MASK

FREEMAN PINK CLAY PEEL OFF FACE MASK

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

2 LITERATURE REVIEW -
1. Tina Raju et al, (2022) -The aim of this research work was to design formulate and
optimization peel off face mask for the treatment of Rosacea. this research work aims to
develop a user-friendly symptomatic treatment for the types which affect the facial skin. The
peel off mask was formulated using 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as
a gelling agent and the main ingredient was chamomile oil. Evaluation of peel off mask
included physical characteristics (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity,
spreadability, film drying time), chemical characteristics (pH value), stability and
antimicrobial activity. The variation in PVA affects the pH value, viscosity and film drying
time significantly. Stability test showed that all peel off mask show no significant changes at
room temperature with and without exposure to sunlight and at low temperature. The peel off
mask containing chamomile oil using 10% PVA has the inhibitory effect against bacteria (S.
aureus, E. coli) and fungi (C. albicans) as compared with the positive controls (clindamycin
gel, gentamycin and clotrimazole)
2. Chauhan Jaydeep et al, (2017) -Skin is a very sensitive and outer most layer of the
human body which is exposed to environmental factors hence, it is very essential to protect
the skin. There are various cosmetics available in market for skin care and have wide variety
of cosmetics intended for facial application They can be a face mask, lotion, sun cream etc.
Peel off mask is the type of dosage form which is gently applied onto the facial skin surface
and is peeled off after few minutes of its application, but here we have a new concept of
solid film peel off mask. It can be used as the remedy in treatment of facial skin related
problems such as black hairs, dark-spots, dead skin and mainly used to open the closed pores
due to deposition of dust. Its main role is to Stimulate the metabolism due to its occlusive
effect. Multani mitti is being added as an active ingredient in this formulation.
3. Prof. Dr. Shashank Tiwari et al, (2019) - activated charcoal has been used as an active
ingredient in cosmetic products. Due to its adsorbing properties, it is well being used in all
kinds of beauty products from face masks to cleansers and also even soaps. Activated
charcoal is used as an active ingredient in this formulation. Natural remedies are more
acceptable in the belief that they are more safe with fewer side effects than the synthetic
formulations. Herbal formulations have growing demand in the world market. Herbal face
masks are applied to increase the blood circulation, rejuvenates and helps to maintain the
skin elasticity and it also remove the dirt from skin pores. It is a very good endeavor to
establish the herbal face mask containing various herbal powders. The main advantage of
herbal cosmetics is its nontoxic
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nature, and it reduces the allergic reactions. In this article, we have formulated activated
charcoal peel off mask and also evaluated it by using different test methods. The
formulation showed amazing results after its application.
4. Wira NovianaSuhery et al, (2020) - Rice bran is a side product of rice milling which
contains antioxideant compounds such as tocopherols, tocotrienos, and gamma oryzanol.
Red rice bran has higher antioxidant activity (IC50 43.2249 ppm) compared with white rice
bran. This study aims to formulate and evaluate peel-off gel mask containing red rice bran
extract. Dosage formulations of gel peel-off mask made in various types of bases that F1
(using base of polyvinyl alcohol, F2 (base of HPMC) and F3 (base of gelatin). Further
preparation gel peel-off gel mask evaluated physical properties (organoleptic, homogeneity,
pH, power of spread, test the strength of the film layer and irritation test) and antioxidant
activity during the 8 weeks of storage. The results showed that the F1 shows the physical
properties of the most well during 8 weeks of storage. While F3 showed the highest
antioxidant activity than the other formulas with percent inhibition 88.81%
5. Yenni Puspita Tanjund et al, (2021)- The aim of this study was to obtain a peel off gel
facial mask preparation from Arabica coffee fruit peel extract that meets the Requirements
and to determine the antioxidant activity of Arabica coffee fruit peel extract and peel off gel
facial mask preparation from coffee fruits In this study, three formulations of peel off gel
facial mask were made with 3 variations in the concentration of coffee fruit peel extract,
Namely F1 (1%), F2 (2%), and F3 (3%). Furthermore, the preparation was evaluated for 28 d
of storage at room temperature (25-30 °C) and cold Temperature (8 °C) which included
organoleptic, pH, spreading ability, homogeneity, viscosity, dry time, and antioxidant
activity.The results of the evaluation showed that F1, F2, and F3 met the requirements which
included organoleptic, pH, spreading ability, Homogeneity, viscosity, and dry time. The
antioxidant activity of the coffee fruit peel extract was very strong (IC50 17.36 µg/ml). The
antioxidant Activity in the peel off gel facial mask sample of formula F1 (IC50 75.63 µg/ml)
and formula F2 (IC50 50.71 µg/ml) was strong, and for formula F3 was Very strong (IC50
21.44 µg/ml).
6. Wiwat Pichayakorn et al, (2013) - The aim of this research was to develop the peel-
off mask in paste form which can be applied to the face and then formed removable thin
film. Deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) from Heveabrasiliensis was used as the
major film former. After deproteinization by alcalase enzyme treatment, the protein amount
was 0.257% that reduced from the initial amount of 1.531%. The appropriate types and
amounts of additives were studied by optimization design. The product compatibility and
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

stability were evaluated. The addition of active ingredients for skin nourishing was also
investigated. The suitable formulation composed of DNRL, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and
methylcellulose (MC) as film formers, propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin as plasticizer,
Tween 80 as stabilizer, Paraben concentrate as preservative, and other active ingredients
including tocopheral acetate, aloe vera, jojoba oil, and tamarind extract. The product was
white viscous paste with the pH of 5.69, viscosity of 28,100 cps as pseudoplastic flow
behavior, and stable when kept in well-close container at room temperature for more than 1
month.
7. Julia Macedo Rosa et al, (2013)- This article describes the optimization of a peel-off
facial mask formulation. An investigational carried out on the parameters of the formulation
that most affect the desirable characteristics of peel-off facial masks. Cereal alcohol had a
significant effect on the drying time at concentrations of 1–12% (w/w). The applicability of
the evaluated formulations was influenced by both carbomer (0–2.4%; w/w) and polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA; 2.5–17.5%; w/w) content due to their ability to alter the formulation viscosity.
Inverse concentrations of carbomer and PVA led to formulations with optimum viscosity for
facialapplication. Film-forming performance was influenced only by the PVA concentration,
achieving maxi-mum levels at concentrations of around 11% (w/w). The optimized
formulation, determined mathemat-ically, contained 13% (w/w) PVA and 10% (w/w) cereal
alcohol with no addition of carbomer. This formulation provided high levels of applicability
and film-forming performance, the lowest drying time possible and excellent homogeneity of
the green clay particles and aloe vera before and after drying. The preliminary stability study
indicated that the optimized formulation is stable under normal.
8. Miss Telange Patil P.V et al, (2022) -Now a day, human skin has become more sentient
for faster aging atopic dermatitis, acne and many more Skin related problem, which mainly
arise due to increased pollution, allergy, microbes, etc. Acne and dull skin are the Common
problem arising ujj in various people .Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that
they are safer withFewer side effects than the synthetic ones. Herbal formulations have
growing demand in the world market. The Ingredient have been reported in this research
paper having good anti – inflammatory , anti – oxidants and anti – Microbial activity . All
the constituents are dried powdered and passed through sieve no.100. The face pack were
prepared and evaluated for various parameters like color, appearance, pH, consistency, wash
Ability, antimicrobial activity.
9. Sachin B. Somwanshi et al, (2017)-The objective of this work is to formulate and
evaluate a cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin by using natural ingredients. With the
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
varying

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Concentrations, four different formulations containing ingredients such as multanimitti,

turmeric, aloe vera, sandal wood, orange peel, neem and Nutmug; were prepared named as
F1 to F4. All prepared formulations were evaluated by different parameters like organoleptic
properties and Physico-chemical parameters and stability along with irritancy test and
microbial load. Among all formulation, F2 was found to be good in physical Parameters, free
from skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after stability storage conditions and
also having microbiological stability.
10. Youstiana Dwi Rusita et al, (2022)- peel-Off face mask is one of the cosmetics that is
used to treat skin from free radicals. Coffee (Coffea arabica) contains chlorogenic, ferulic,
caffeic, and n-coumaric acids which can be useful as antioxidants. Turmeric (Curcuma
longa) contains curcumin, which has antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. The
purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality parameters and analyzed the antioxidant
activity of peel- off masks containing coffee (Coffea arabica) and turmeric (Curcuma longa).
This research has made 3 mask formulas, each of which contains coffee and turmeric. The
formula made was a combination of coffee and turmeric with a ratio of each formula F1
(10:0), F2 (5:,5) and F3 (0:10). The result of organoleptic parameters for F1 was dark brown
with coffee aroma and consistency like gel, F2 wasyellowish-brownn with spiced coffee
aroma and consistency like gel and F3 was yellow with turmeric aroma and consistency like
gel. The result of the homogeneity test of all formulasmula was homogeny.
11. Nidhi Asthana1 et al, (2021) - emerging herbal product ‗Aloe vera‘ is most widely
utilized for skin treatments due to its gel-components of the plant are known to heal the skin
from a variety of minor ailments. In dept experimental attempts with Aloe vera (AV), MMT
(Clay) and PVA (Poloyvinyle alcohol) blend gel were prepared using the solution cast
method. AV is very versatile plant, and its benefits are well known. MMT have gained
popularity for internal and external detoxification. PVA is biodegradable material which is
generally defined as the polymer which decomposes in the environment friendly atmosphere.
The applicability of the evaluated formulations was influenced by the polyvinyl alcohol
content due to their ability to alter the formulation viscosity. Their properties, relating
mechanism and corresponding applicationswere deeply investigated. Significant formulation
provided exclusive levels of applicability as well as thin-film forming performance, the
minimum bare time possible and admirablehomogeneity of the green-clay particles and aloe
vera on or before dehydrating.
12. Rini Tri Hastuti et al, (2021) - Apple is a plant that has the potential of antioxidant
activity. Apples contain antioxidants which are good for skin health. Green apples
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
contain lots of

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

vitamins, such as vitamins A, B, C, minerals, and fiber. Peel-off gel mask is a skin care
cosmetic preparation in gel form and after being applied to the skin for a certain time until it
dries, this preparation will form a transparent, elastic film layer, so that it can be peeled off.
The peel off mask product from green apple extract is expected to be useful in preventing
aging because it can function as an antioxidant. This study used an experimental method
from gel mask formulation with juice and ultrasonic extraction of green apple fruit. Each
peel-off gel base mask is added with 2 g of green apple juice extract and 2 g of green apple
maceration extract. Then stir until homogeneous. The peel off mask was tested for
antioxidant activity by Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry with the DPPH method.
13. Anakha Narayanan et al, (2022) - Skin health is important in providing an aesthetic
appeal and also in personal health. Facial cosmetics keep skin hydrated and remove sebum
and impurities from skin thus maintaining proper skin health.Cosmetics intended especially
for facial application protects the facial skin, which can be cream, lotion, face mask etc. The
use of suitable face masks according to the facial skin types result in healthy skin. Hydrogels
have high-water content and their hydrophilic base creates a matrix to the skin, thus allows
high efficacy in delivering active ingredients into the skin, thus suitable as facial mask
ingredient. Caffeine hydrogel face mask containing caffeine and sodium alginate can be
useful for multi-purpose. In this study 1.5% caffeine was formulated with a concentration of
4% sodium alginate to form the hydrogel face mask. Caffeine is being increasingly used in
cosmetics due to its anti-aging, anti-oxidant and wound healing properties. It helps protect
cell against UV radiation and slows down the process of photo aging. The physical stability
of hydrogel face mask was evaluated by organoleptic observation, viscosity, pH,
spreadability, hydrogel mask acidity and drying time measurements. The results showed that
the hydrogel face mask remained stable in colour and odor for 12 weeks.
14. Reny Eka Evi Susanti et al, (2020)The peel-Off gel mask is one of the unique
characteristic forms of the mask that will form an elastic transparent film layer. It can be
removed without rinsing after drying and leaving no residue. The manufacture of masks
using natural material is better than synthetic materials as it can cause side effects and
damage the natural shape of the skin. One of the natural materials that can be used as a
natural ingredient mask is the PaederiaFoetida leaf. PaederiaFoetida leaf contains
antioxidants beneficial as the antidote to free radicals. One of the antioxidants contained in
the PaederiaFoetida is a flavonoid compound. The research aimed to determine the best
concentration of PaederiaFoetida leaf extract in the formulation of pell off gel masks with
high antioxidant
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

activity. The research method consists of preparing the sample by macerating

PaederiaFoetida leaf powder using ethanol. Making peel-off gel mask worganoleptic test,
pH, Homogeneity, stability, Drying, and dispersibility—antioxidant activity test by using
DPPH with expressed as IC50 concentration. The Result of the research is that
PaederiaFoetida leaf extract can be formulated into a peel-off gel mask stock.
15. Elsa Fitria Apriani et al, (2022) - Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) contains flavonoid
compounds which act as an antioxidant. It has the potential to be developed into cosmetic
preparations such as peel-off gel masks. This study aims to determine how variations in the
concentration of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin affect the physical properties of peel-
off gel masks and their antioxidant activity. This study used a factorial design of 23 in which
the factors used are the concentration of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin with two levels.
Based on the data analysis result, there was a significant effect of each factor and the
interaction between them on the spreadability and drying time of the preparation The
concentration ratio of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin of 5:12:5 was chosen as the
optimum formula and continued to antioxidant activity test compared to F4 which had a ratio
of concentrations of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin of 10:14:3. The antioxidant activity
produced by the optimum formula was better than F4 with IC50 values of 525.41 and 355.64
ppm, respectively. It can be concluded that improving the dosage formula will affect the
active substance's activity, but it would be preferable if the banana peel was prepared as an
extract.
16. Patihul Husni et al, (2019)- Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the plants
that rich in antioxidant compound. Antioxidant is a compound that can inhibit the skin aging
process because of photoaging. The aim of this study was to formulate peel-off gel mask
containing mung bean (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek) extract using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
as a base of mask and Hydroxy Prophyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a viscosity increasing
agent and to determine the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask. Antioxidant activity
was tested using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil) assay. Mung bean was extracted by
maceration method using ethanol 96%. The concentration of mung bean extract in the peel-
off mask gel was 4% w/w and variant concentration of PVA were 5% (F1), 7.5% (F2), 10%
(F3) w/w. The evaluations were organoleptic, pH, viscosity, drying and film forming, and
gel spreadness.
17. Mr. Umakant Sharma et al, (2022) - The review's goal is to make and survey a drug gel
made of both normal and counterfeit polymers. Gel measurements structures function
admirably as medication conveyance techniques since they accommodate exact medication
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

discharge control and natural security for the drugs. Various physicochemical parts of the gel
that influence its attributes are likewise explored. We have accumulated sources from
recently distributed examination and survey articles. We gathered data from 20-25 papers.
Drug gel is surveyed for its capacity to gel, for its solidarity, for its bioadhesion, for its
spreadability, for microbiological research, and for in vitro discharge. Because of our
exploration, we have arrived at the resolution that skin medicine conveyance is an engaging
procedure for both nearby and foundational medicines and is regularly utilized in the
administration of provocative ailments such dermatological illnesses and outer muscle
wounds. The perils associated with the different conditions of retention, for example, pH
changes, the presence of proteins, and gastric exhausting time, are kept away from by
effective arrangement, alongside the dangers and burdens of intravenous treatment and
gastrointestinal infections. Furthermore, the medication has a higher bioavailability and acts
at the activity site right away.
18. M.Krishna Pillai et al, (2023) - The present study involves the formulation and
evaluation of the herbal peel off gel mask. In our research, herbal ingredients such as Neem,
Turmeric, Green tea, Rose petal, Cabbage, Manjishta were used due to their Anti-acne
properties. The peel-off mask can be used as the remedy to treat facial skin related problems
such as acne, dark skin, wrinkles etc. Most of the peel-off masks are prepared by polymers
which can form thin layer on skin. They are available in gel form. Dead skin can be removed
by applying peel- off mask. Six formulation batches i.e. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 were
prepared and evaluated for various parameters like color, odor, consistency, washability,
Homogeneity, pH and spreadability. Further, the peeloff gel masks for each batch were also
prepared by drying them and evaluated for their peeling time. The pH of formulation of all
six batches ranges from 6.8 to 7.14 respectively. Based on the evaluation of F1 formulation
showed good spreadability, good consistency, Homogeneity, Appearance, Ph .The
formulation F1 shows the best Anti- acne property during the study. Thus, this peel-off gel
formulation could be the safe and efficacious remedy for treating this dermatological
disorders and could be the safe alternative to synthetic anti-acne gels.
19. Sani Ega Priani et al, (2019) - The bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii)
contains cinnamaldehyde and other active substances with potent antioxidant properties.
Antioxidants are effective at preventing and reducing UV-induced skin damages and skin
aging. This study was intended to formulate and characterize the antioxidant peel-off facial
masks containing cinnamon bark extract and the combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as gelling agents.. The cinnamon bark extract
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
exhibited a very strong

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

antioxidant activity, as evidenced by IC50= 10.04 ± 0.08 ppm. As for the formulated peel-off
mask, it had excellent physical characteristics, which were identified during organoleptic
observations and pH, viscosity, spreadability, and film drying time evaluations. Similar to its
constituent extract, this mask produced significantly potent antioxidant effects, with IC50=
47.31 ± 1.47 ppm. For these reasons, peel-off facial masks containing cinnamon bark extract
have not only excellent physical characteristics but also powerful antioxidant property.
20. Ismet kaya et al, (2023) - Skin needs care to protect against environmental pollution.
The facial skin can be protected such as cream, peel off mask and lotion facemask. This
study aim is to develop the antibacterial peel-off mask gel containing St. John's Wort Oil
(Hypericum perforatum oil). Methods This peel-off gel mask consists of ascorbic acid,
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, as preservative), polyethylene glycol (peg), glycrine (as plasticizer),
polysorbate (tween twenty, as stabilizer), ethanol and distilled water with the addition of St.
John's Wort Oil and active carbon. The peel-off physical properties (homogeneity,
spreadability, viscosity, film- drying time), chemical properties (pH value, stability and
antibacterial activity properties) were examined. Using of an active ingredient in peel off
mask, it strengthens the role of peel off mask by opening the clogged pores. Activated
carbon was added to this formulation as an active ingredient due to its adsorbent activity. In
this present study, activated carbon was obtained from pinecone.
21. Mamatha G. T. et al, (2022) - The peel-off gel formulation is being prepared in order to
save the skin from external environment as well as to reduce the acnes and blemishes from
skin surface. Also, to treat the oily skin, so that the skin can take more clear, beautiful and oil
free. The most common skin problems among youngsters, usually 18-25 years of age acne
and oily skin.The present work deals with the development and evaluation of the topical
peel-off mask containing a single herbal drug that is gram flour and excess chemical reagents
such as polymers example polyvinyl alcohol Carbopol and sodium. Also, excess chemicals
like triethanolamine, talcum powder and preservatives are worn in the gel formulation. Three
formulation batches that is F1, F2 and F3 were prepared and evaluated for variables like
color, odour, consistency, washability, pH and spreadability. Amongst all the formulations
studied, batch F2 was found optimum for all the parameters. The gram flour powder used in
this peel- off gel formulation have been reported in the literature for its activity against skin
problems..
22. Sweta V. Kulkarni et al, (2019) -Skin is a very sensitive and protective layer of the
human body which is exposed to environmental pollution hence, it is very essential to
protect the skin. The facial skin can be protected by applying various cosmetics intended
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
specially for facial

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

application, It can be a cream, lotion face mask or peel off mask etc. Peel off mask is the
type of dosage form which is gently applied onto the facial skin surface and is peeled off
after few minutes of its application. It is used as the remedy to treat facial skin related
problems such as wrinkles, ageing, acne and mainly used to open the closed pores due to
deposition of dust. Its main role is to Stimulate the metabolism due to its occlusive effect.
Activated charcoal is being added as an active ingredient in this formulation. The most
important characteristic of an activated carbon is its adsorbant activity. Using it as an active
ingredient in peel off mask, it adds to its value by enhancing the role of peel off mask by
absorbing dust particles and opening the clogged pores. Literature survey reveals many
papers related to formulation of herbal peel off masks, but no any reported paper was found
on Activated Charcoal peel off mask. In this paper, we have formulated Activated Charcoal
peel off mask and Evaluated it by using various tests methods.
23. Husnul W Suherman et al, (2021) -Skin needs care to avoid premature aging. One of
them is treatment with natural-based masks that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to
see the antioxidant potential of various concentrations of natural ingredients yogurt and
seaweed Eucheuma cottonii as active substances in the manufacture of peel-off gel masks.
The method used in this research is the fermentation method for making yogurt, stability test
for 28 days at room temperature and antioxidant test with DPPH, to determine the
antioxidant power of the five variations of the mask formulation by measuring the IC50
value obtained by reading the absorbance with UV Spectrophotometer -Vis. The results
obtained from this study are Formula 4 (F4) has the lowest IC50 value of 18.647 where the
IC50 value can be categorized as an antioxidant with very strong strength. The results of the
stability test can be stated that the preparation remains stable at room temperature storage for
28 days. The conclusion from the results of this study is that F4 (yogurt: seaweed 1:1) has
the highest antioxidant activity strength among other formulations.

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of Peel-off face masks offer the advantage of easy application & removal, which
makes them convenient for consumers. They provide immediate visible results like smoother
& clean skin without impurities, reduced pore appearance, acne & allergy prevention, and a
refreshed complexion, which appeals to consumers looking for instant gratification.

Aim to leading manufacturers in the industry are substantially investing in R&D to introduce
new & improved peel-off face mask innovations & formulations like organic & organic
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

ingredients, anti-aging properties, and customization for different skin types, thereby
expanding their product offerings and attracting a large pool of consumers..

Peel-off masks work by penetrating deep into your pores and gently removing the dead cells
in the outermost layer of your skin, along with any impurities sitting over it. Removing dirt,
bacteria, debris, and overall impurity is essential to have balanced, toned, healthier skin. This
is where peel-off masks shine. These masks spread across your face evenly, covering all the
area most affected by exposure to the environment, including UV light and pollution.
Hence, in these present research investigation attempt was made to formulate and evaluate
the cosmetic preparation peel off face mask.

Objectives –
1. Formulation of different concentration of peel off face gel mask.
2. Evaluation of peel off face gel mask.

4. PLAN OF WORK

 Literature review

 Drug Selection

 Excipient Selection

 Formulation of peel Off Gel Face Mask

 Evaluation Of Peel Off Gel Face Mask

 Organoleptic Characteristics

 Appearance

 Thickness

 Uniformity

 Homogeneity Test

 Determination Of PH Value

 Spread ability of Gel

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 Film Drying Time

 Viscosity

 Stability Test

5. DRUG PROFILE

5.1 Coffee - Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system (CNS), heightening alertness,
and sometimes causing restlessness and agitation. It relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates the
contraction of cardiac muscle, and enhances athletic performance. Caffeine promotes gastric
acid secretion and increases gastrointestinal motility.
Molecular Formula - C8H10N4O2
Synonyms - caffeine ,58-08-2 ,Guaranine , 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine , Methyltheobromin.
Molecular Weight - 194.19 g/mol

Structure -

Description- Caffeine appears as odorless white powder or white glistening needles, usually
melted together. Bitter taste. Solutions in water are neutral to litmus. Odor less. (NTP,
1992) Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine in which themethyl
three groups are located at positions 1, 3,
and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. It has a role as a central
nervous system stimulant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase)
inhibitor, an receptor antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein
adenosine
kinase) inhibitor, a ryanodine receptor agonist, a fungal metabolite, an adenosine A2A
receptor antagonist, a psychotropic drug, a diuretic, a food additive, an adjuvant, a plant
metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a human blood serum metabolite, a
mouse metabolite, a geroprotector and a mutagen. It is a purine alkaloid and a
trimethylxanthine. Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and
to combat drowsiness. Caffeine is similar in chemical structure theobromine . It can be
sourced from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which
are different than coffee beans. Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and
can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection.

Figure no.07 Coffee beans

Benefits of coffee for the skin –

1. Excellent exfoliator
Coffee is a wonderful face scrub since it exfoliates the skin. ―It gently exfoliates the skin
cells and removes impurities, leaving the skin smooth and refreshed,‖ Dr Kapoor explains.
Moreover, it can help enhance the look of cellulite and tighten your skin.

2. Make skin glow

A coffee mask reduces skin inflammation and enhances blood circulation, which tightens
blood vessels and gives the skin a more radiant and brighter glow. It also minimizes the signs
of fatigue.

3. Prevent skin ageing

Coffee is high in antioxidants such as phenols, which help fight free radicals and protect the
skin from damage. As a result, fine lines, wrinkles, and saggy skin can be avoided. In fact,
the antioxidants in coffee can help fight acne, increase collagen formation, and minimize
hyper- pigmentation.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel
Mask
4. Reduce dark circle Coffee is also known for its ability to moisturize, heal, and strengthen skin
tonality. It is, in fact, an instant remedy for puffy eyes and is great for treating dark circles.

5. Reduces skin inflammation

Coffee scrubs reduce stretch marks and cellulite temporarily and give skin a smoother
appearance.
5.2 Turmeric –
Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic pigment from the Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome,
has been used for centuries for culinary and food coloring purposes, and as an ingredient for
various medicinal preparations, widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In recent
decades, their biological activities have been extensively studied. Thus, this review aims to
offer an in-depth discussion of curcumin applications for food and biotechnological
industries, and on health promotion and disease prevention, with particular emphasis on its
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and
cardioprotective effects. Bioavailability, bioefficacy and safety features, side effects, and
quality parameters of curcumin are also addressed. Finally,

STRUCTURE -

Molecular Formula - C21H20O6

Synonyms -curcumin , 458-37-7 , Diferuloylmethane , Natural yellow 3 , Indian saffron

Molecular Weight - 368.4 g/mol

R. D. Memorial College Of Pharmacy And Research, Page 34

Indore
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Figure no. 08 Turmeric powder

Description - Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is an active component in the
golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) and in [Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil]. It is a highly
pleiotropic molecule that exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic,
antioxidant, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities. Due to these properties, curcumin
has been investigated for the treatment and supportive care of clinical conditions including
proteinuria, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, depression, and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
(NSCLC). Despite proven efficacy against numerous experimental models, poor
bioavailability due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination
have been shown to limit the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. Curcumin is under
investigation for the treatment and supportive care of various clinical conditions including
mucositis, rectal cancer, prostate cancer, chronic schizophrenia, and Mild Cognitive
Impairment (MCI).

Uses of Turmeric :-

It can heal wounds- The curcumin found in turmeric can help wounds heal by decreasing
inflammation and oxidation. It also lowers the response of your body to cutaneous wounds.
This results in your wounds healing more quickly.Studies have found that turmeric can
positively affect tissue and collagen as well. The journal Life Sciences recommends applying
curcumin as an optimized formula to best work on skin wounds.

It can help your psoriasis- The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of turmeric may
help your psoriasis by controlling flares and other symptoms.The National Psoriasis
Foundation states that you can use it as a supplement or by adding it to food. Before you try
it, the foundation recommends discussing proper dosage with a professional.

It may help with acne scarring- You may want to try a turmeric face mask to help reduce
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
acne and any resulting scars. The anti-inflammatory qualities can target your pores and calm

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

the skin. Turmeric is also known to reduce scarring. This combination of uses may help your
face clear up from acne breakouts.

It has been linked to scabies treatment - In an early study conducted in India, a

combination of turmeric and neem, a plant native to India, was effective in treating scabies.
Scabies is a condition caused by microscopic mites that leave a rash in the skin.

6. Excipient profile –

6.1 Hydroxylpropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)

 Chemical structure HPMC -

Description :-
HPMC is a water soluble nonionic cellulosic polymer in which some of the hydroxyl
groups are substituted with methoxy and hydroxypropyl groups. As a binder, HPMC is used
at the concentration of 2%–5% w/w, however, it has been commonly used as tablet film
coating polymer. The polymer chain length, size and degree of branching determine the
viscosity of the polymer in solution. In general, a tablet film coating requires low viscosity
polymers. Using low viscosity polymers, the solid content in the coating formulation can be
increased with a lesser amount of water, which can increase coating speed and efficiency.
HPMC has many of the desired coating polymer properties. It provides aqueous soluble
films; easy processing because of its non tacky nature; a transparent, tough, and flexible film
that protects fragile tablets; improved appearance; and resistance to abrasion. The higher
viscosity grades of HPMC provide film with good tensile strength, but their films have poor
adhesion to the core surface and can easily peel off the tablet surface. When used alone,
HPMC has the tendency to bridge or fill the de bossed tablet surfaces Different grades of
HPMC are available according to their particle size distribution, viscosity, molecular
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
weights, and substitution of

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

methoxy and hydroxypropyl groups. Because water penetration affects drug release and
dissolution, not only the hydroxypropyl group and the degree of substitution but also the
substitution pattern affects the release and dissolution. Heterogeneity in the substitution
pattern alters the release of the polymer because of hydrophobic interactions between the
substituent, and a subsequent drug release alteration.

6.2 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

Which is essentially made from polyvinyl acetate through hydrolysis is easily degradable by
biological organisms and in water is a solubilized crystalline structure polymer. PVA is an
artificial polymer that has been used during the first half of the 20th century worldwide. It
has been applied in the industrial, commercial, medical, and food sectors and has been used
to produce many end products, such as lacquers, resins, surgical threads, and food packaging
materials that are often in contact with food.
PVA is a biodegradable imitation of natural polymers used in paper coating and textile
sizing.This polymer is widely used by blending with other polymer compounds, such as
biopolymers and other polymers with hydrophilic properties; it is utilized for various
industrial applications to enhance the mechanical properties of films because of its
compatible structure and hydrophilic properties. Some man-made polymers, which are made
from non-renewable and non-biodegradable sources, such as PVA, are available. Polymers
that are biologically decomposable originate from petroleum-based synthetic materials,
which decompose naturally under aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (landfill) conditions.
PVA is a widely used thermoplastic polymer that is benign to living tissues, harmless, and
nontoxic. This polymer is widely investigated because of its use in cross-linked products and
nano fillers, PVA is a biodegradable polymer, and its degradability is enhanced through
hydrolysis because of the presence of hydroxyl groups on the carbon atoms.
Moreover, it is water-soluble and has a hydrophilic nature. Rates and environmental
conditions for degradation may vary for many polymers, such as PVA,these conditions
include composting in the presence of oxygen, underneath soil layers, in aqueous media, and
even in anaerobic circumstances. PVA is a major artificial polymer that has been available
for more than nine decades. PVA is synthesized through the saponification process of
poly(vinyl acetate) and has long been used by blending with other natural polymers because
of its film- forming features. The complete dissolution of PVA in water is bound by
its intrinsic
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properties, which require the water temperature to be at ~100 °C with a holding time of 30
min. All PVA grades are hydrophilic and depend on certain factors, such as molecular
weight, element dimensions of distribution, and particle crystal structure. The resulting gel
properties have been reported in literature.

6.3 Polyethylene glycols

(PEGs) are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various
derivatives and have various functions. Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are
favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily in topical dermatological
preparations. PEGs, along with their many nonionic derivatives, are widely utilized in
cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin
conditioners. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of
polyethylene glycol with a low-level toxicity. It is very hydrophilic, which renders it a useful
ingredient in drug formulations to augment the solubility and bioavailability of weakly
water- soluble drugs. It is used in ophthalmic solutions for the relief of burning, irritation
and/or discomfort that follows dryness of the eye. PEG "400" indicates that the average
molecular weight of the specific PEG is 400. PEGylation occurs when PEGs are attached to
numerous protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for selected drugs. Examples
of PEGylated medications are PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim. In
addition, PEG is available as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy procedures and as a
laxative.

6.4 Methylparaben - Methylparaben is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the

formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the

most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several

fruits, particularly in blueberries. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antimicrobial food
preservative, a neuroprotective agent and an antifungal agent. Methylparabens are a type of
chemical that manufacturers often use as a preservative. People can add them to food,
cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to increase shelf life and avoid bacterial and fungal
growth.Methylparabens belong to a group of chemicals known as parabens. These are
preservative ingredients that people have used for almost 100 years to prevent the growth of
fungi, bacteria, and yeast, which could cause products to spoil.Manufacturers often include
parabens in cosmetics, personal hygiene products, food, and pharmaceutical

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
products. FourTrusted Source common types of parabens include.

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7. MATERIAL AND METHOD –

Material used in the preparation - Polyvinyl chloride, Hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-

cellulose, Poly ethylene glycol 400, Methylparaben ,Coffee, Turmeric, Ethanol, Distilled
water.

Table No. 01 - List of Chemicals Requirement

S.No. CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING

1. Coffee Nescafe

2. Turmeric Everest

3. HPMC Yellow chem product

4. PVA Yellow chem product

5. PEG 400 Loba chemie

6. Methylparaben Loba chemie

Table No. 02 Instrument and their Name

S. No. INSTRUMENTS MANUFACTURER

1. Magnetic stirrer Bionics S Technologies

2. Electronic balance Citizen India

3. Magnetic beat EI Instrument

4. Brookfield viscometer Gabbrielli Technology

5. Digital PH Meter Electronics India

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

8. Preparation of peel off face Gel mask

Face masks are a mixture of chemicals and other ingredients used on the face to give a
cleansing effect and a film feel. A peel off gel mask is one of the mask forms with a unique
character that will form an elastic transparent film layer . The benefit of a gel peel-off face
mask is to prevent facial skin from being dull, dry, and wrinkled and can shrink pores caused
by exposure to UV rays. Making cosmetics using natural ingredients is better than using
synthetic ingredients, which can cause side effects and damage the natural shape of the skin.
Natural ingredients used in making masks are plants containing antioxidants that can treat
the skin by preventing premature aging. Antioxidants are compounds that can ward off or
reduce the negative impact of oxidants in the body caused by free radicals.

Formulation Table

Formulation table as per the (W/V) % for 100ml. Quantity

Chemicals F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

Coffee 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Turmeric 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

PVA 6 8 10 12 14 16

HPMC 1 2 3 4 5 6

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

% % % % % %
PEG 400

Ethanol 20 20 20 20 20 20

Distilled QS QS QS QS QS QS
water

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Procedure –

1. Weight all the ingredient in a appropriate Quantity .

2. Prepare 14% PVA solution in a 100 ml of beaker , PVA was dispersed in heated water (80
°C) used to produce the formulation. The dispersion was constantly homogenized until total
dissolution.

3. Take another 100 ml of beaker for preparation of HPMC solution. take 1.5 gm of
HPMC in a beaker dissolved in 30 ml of distilled water to make 5% solution of HPMC.

4. Mixed both solution of same quantity ( 10 ml of HPMC + 10 ml of PVA) untilled

homogenized mixture.

5. Added 1% coffee , 2%turmeric and methyl peraben(Quantity sufficient).

6. The solutions were mixed, then added with glyserin or PEG 400.

7. Mixed the preparation with glass rod for 15 mint and consistency of preparation like a Gel.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

9. EVALUATION PARAMETER OF PEEL OFF FACE MASK

The physicochemical evaluation tests performed were as follows:-

1. Organoleptic characteristics: Organoleptic properties were characterized on the basis of

parameters as colour, odour and consistency by visual inspection. The uniformity in
distribution of colorant was also evaluated by spreading on a glass slide.

2. Homogeneity test: The homogeneity test was observed by applying the gel on
transparent glass. The developed formulations were tested for homogeneity by visual
inspection after the gel had been filled in the container. They were tested for their appearance
and presence of any aggregates.

3. Status of the peel-off film: After drying film was able to remove from the applied site
and it was soft to hard. Drying time took longer time (30-35 min). The drying time test was
performed by applying a mask on the back hand evenly. The time required for the
preparation to dry was counted by a stopwatch

4. Determination of pH value: 1.0 g gel was accurately weighed and dispersed in 100 ml
purified water. The pH of the dispersion was measured using Auto digital pH meter
Labtronics LT11, which was calibrated before use with standard buffer solution. The pH test
results for the peel-off gel mask stock are made to have a pH that matches the skin pH,
namely 4.5-8.0. F0 and F1 have a pH of 5, while the peel-off gel masks F2, F3, and F4 have
a pH of 6. If the pH of the stock is outside the pH interval, the skin is feared; it will cause
scaly skin and even irritation. Whereas if it is above the skin's pH, it can cause the skin to
feel slippery, dry quickly and can affect skin elasticity.

5. Viscosity: Viscosity was measured by using Brookfield DV- II+ Pro Viscometer using
spindle for the analysis viscosity. As the concentration of PVA increases, the viscosity of
preparation also increases. Viscosity in the peel-off mask gel is influenced by an increase in
gelling agent concentration. PVA has greater flexibility, tensile strength and hardness. This
causes greater binding and retention of the fluid by the gelling agent, thus, the viscosity of
the preparation increases.

.
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

7. Film drying time: A modified in-vitro drying time evaluation technique was developed in
order to estimate the time taken for the formulations to dry completely. Approximately 2.0 g
of each formulation was spread over a glass plate of 60×60 mm forming a uniform mask
layer of 55.5 mg/cm2 with a thickness of approximately 2.0 mm. The glass plate was
submitted to a heated environment in the water bath (37.0 ± 2.0°C) in order to simulate skin
temperature. The formulations were monitored every 5 min, and the experiment only
finished after the surface of the mask had dried completely. The results were expressed as
the mean of three measurements. The formulation was also applied onto the skin of hands of
3 healthy volunteers to confirm the results obtained from in-vitro test.

8. Spreadability: The two sets of glass plate of 20×20cm dimensions were taken ,0.5gm of
prepared gel formulation was applied over one of the slide. The other slide was placed over
the applied gel formulation.125gm weight was kept on the upper slide for 15 minutes. The
gel forms a thin layer between the two slides .The diameter of the circle formed due to the
spread of gel was measured

9. Thermodynamic stability study: This experiment was performed to observe the stress
effect and stability on formulations at low and high temperature of prepared peel off gel
mask. Refrigerator temperature (4°C) and accelerated temperature (40°C) with storage at
each temperature. The stability test was performed for not less than 24 hours.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION -

1. Organoleptic properties –

Formulation Color Odour Consistency

F1 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F2 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F3 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F4 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F5 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F6 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

Table No. 01 for Organoleptic properties

2. pH of the Formulation -
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
pH 5.34 5.30 5.23 5.19 5.11 5.05
Table No. 02 for pH

3. Homogeneity –

Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Homogeneity Homo Homo Homo Homo Homo Homo

Table No. 03 Homegeneity

4. Drying Time –
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Drying time(min) 24 22 21 19 15 14
Table No. 04 Drying Time

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Figure no. 09 Film Drying status

5. Viscosity test –The viscosity was determine using Brookfield viscometer. Spindle
No. 07 was used for the determination the viscosity. The viscosity of the gel formulation was
determined and it was found that the viscosity increases with decreasing rpm.
S.N. RPM F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
1 100 737 1200 1689 1821 2124 2278
2 50 867 987 1098 1234 1960 2398
Table no. 05 viscosity test

6. Spread ability -
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Spreadability(cm) 7 6.8 6.6 5.7 5 4.6
Table no. 06 spread ability test

7. Thermodynamic Stability Study –

Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
At 4℃ Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

At 40℃ Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

Table No. 07 Thermodynamic stability study

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

11. CONCLUSION
In this research total of 6 formulations were prepared with different concentration of PVA
and same concentration of HPMC. The Object of formulating peel off mask was found to
successful with good results. The peel off mask showed a good spread ability. The
formulation showed a good peel off property on human skin without causing skin irritation.
The study also revealed that the formulation is capable of enhancing the cleansing of the skin
by removing dead skin on the surface. The formulation was subjected to stability and
thermodynamic stability studies. Formulation contain turmeric and coffee which has
effective on Anti-acne, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Tanning activity and also having property
to treat oily skin and other skin problems. it is being used in all sorts of beauty products from
face masks to cleansers and even soaps. It is suggested that the prepared peel-off mask gel
formulation was physico- chemically stable. The peel-off facial mask formulated from has
excellent physical characteristics, as evidenced by organoleptic observation and pH,
viscosity, spread ability, and film drying time evaluations. The formulation showed good
stability results and was found to be stable till 40℃.
From the present study it can be concluded that it is possible to develop peel off mask gel
using various herbal ingredients like Turmeric, Coffee. Anti oxidant property of formulated
peel off mask gel has yet to be experimented and will be done in future.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

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