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Network Hardware

The document discusses network hardware, focusing on transmission technology and scale, highlighting broadcast and point-to-point networks. It classifies networks into Personal Area Networks (PANs), Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and Internetworks, detailing their characteristics and examples. LANs are noted for their small geographical range and advantages such as file sharing and scalability.

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4 views3 pages

Network Hardware

The document discusses network hardware, focusing on transmission technology and scale, highlighting broadcast and point-to-point networks. It classifies networks into Personal Area Networks (PANs), Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and Internetworks, detailing their characteristics and examples. LANs are noted for their small geographical range and advantages such as file sharing and scalability.

Uploaded by

anjacboy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Hardware

 There are two dimensions are important in network hardware is transmission


technology and scale(distance).
 There are two types of transmission technology that are use : broadcast networks and
point-to-point networks.
 Broadcast networks are networks with single communication channel shared by all
the machines.
 Short messages (packets) sent by any machine are received by all others.
 An address field within the packet specifies for whom it is intended.
 Broadcasting is a mode of operation in which a packet is sent to every machine using
a special code in the address field.
 Multicasting is sending a packet to a subset of the machines.
 Point-to-point networks consist of many connections between individual pairs of
machines.
 Point-to-point transmission with exactly one sender and exactly one receiver is
sometimes called unicasting.

Classification of interconnected processors by scale


Classification of Networks
1. PANs (Personal Area Networks)

 The interconnection of devices within the range of an individual person, typically


within range of 10 meters
 Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
 Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is
known as Personal Area Network.
 It is a low range network.
Example: Bluetooth

2. LAN(Local Area Network)


 A local area network is designed to operate over a very small geographical or physical
area such as an office, building, a group of buildings of up to a few kilometers in size.
 They are distinguished from other kind of networks by three characteristics:
o size,
o transmission technology,
o topology.
 LANs transmission technology often consists of a single cable to which all machines
are attached.
 Traditional LANs run at speed of 10 to 100 Mbps.

 Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are
interconnected to each other.
 There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology.
 bus - at any instant one machine is the master of the bus allowed to transmit.
Example: Ethernet as a bus-based broadcast network with decentralized control
operating at 10 or 100 Mbps.
 ring - each bit propagates around, typically it circumnavigates the entire ring in the
time it takes to transmit a few bits, often before the complete packet has even be
transmitted.
 Example: IBM token ring operating at 4 and 16 Mbps.
Advantages of a LAN:
 File transfer and file access
 Resource or peripherals sharing
 Personal computing
 Document distribution
 Easily scalable(devices can be added or removed very easily)

3. Metropolitan Area Network

 A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) covers a city.


 Examples of MANs are the cable television networks available in many cities.

4. Wide Area Networks

 A WAN (Wide Area Network) spans a large geographical area, often a country or
continent.

Example : Internet

5. Internetworks

 A collection of interconnected networks is called an internetwork or internet.

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