Scribd
Upload
12 views3 pages

Types of Punishment

The document discusses the concept of punishment in the context of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC), defining various types such as Qisas, Diyat, Arsh, Daman, Tazir, and the forms of imprisonment. It outlines the legal definitions, purposes, and conditions under which these punishments are applied, as well as the implications of non-payment of compensation. The conclusion emphasizes that punishment is a legal consequence for crimes or misdemeanors, with specific types and conditions prescribed by law.

Uploaded by

tab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views3 pages

Types of Punishment

The document discusses the concept of punishment in the context of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC), defining various types such as Qisas, Diyat, Arsh, Daman, Tazir, and the forms of imprisonment. It outlines the legal definitions, purposes, and conditions under which these punishments are applied, as well as the implications of non-payment of compensation. The conclusion emphasizes that punishment is a legal consequence for crimes or misdemeanors, with specific types and conditions prescribed by law.

Uploaded by

tab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

INTRODUCTION

Punishment is a term from psychological Learning, Theory that has a precise meaning; it refers to something. that causes a behavior to
lessen. There is nothing that is intrinsically punishing. A thing is called punishing if, when it is applied, it results in the reduction of behavior
that you want to reduce. Section 53 of PPC defines several types of punishments for different offences.

2. RELEVANT PROVISIONS
Section 53 Pakistan Penal Code.

3. DEFINITION OF PUNISHMENT
The term punishment has been defined in Black's Law Dictionary thus:
" Any fine, penalty or confinement inflicted upon a person by the authority of the law and the judgment and sentence of a Court, for some
crime or offence committed by him or for his omission of duty enjoined by law."

4. PURPOSE OF PUNISHMENT
The purpose of punishment is the prevention of PPC offences.

5. KINDS OF PUNISHMENT UNDER SECTION 53 PPC

(I) Qisas
a. Literal Meanings
The word Qisas is derived from the word AI Qasas which means' to follow in some on footsteps.

b. Legal Meanings
Legally it means to shed blood in repetition or retribution.

(c) Definition
Qisas, means punishment by causing similar hurt at the earn part of the body of the convict as he has caused to the victim or by causing his
death if he has committed qatiri-amd in exercise of the right of the victim or a wall.

(d) Non-applicability of Qisas


There are four cases in which Qisas is not applicable on the offender, namely:
i. Where the offender dies before the enforcement of Qisas.
ii. Where right of Qisas waived by any wail
iii. Where right of Qisas devolves on the offender; and
iv. Where the right of Qisas devolves on the person who has no right of Qisas against the offender,

(d) Quranic Injunctions regarding Qisas


"O ye believe! retaliation is prescribed for you in the matter of the murdered; the free man for the free man and the slave for the slave and the
female for the female. And for him who is forgiven somewhat by his (injured) brighter, prosecution according to usage and payment unto
him in kindness. This is an alleviation and mercy from you lord. He who transgressed after this will have painful doom. And there is life for
you in retaliation, men of understanding, that ye may ward of (evil)." (Surah-Al Baqara 178,179)

II. Diyat
(a) Meaning
Diyat means a compensation which is payable to the heirs the victim by the offender as bloodshed.

(b) Definition
Diyat has been defined in section 299(e) as
"Diyat means the compensation specified in Section 323 payable to the heirs of the victim." In the definition the words "heirs of the victim"
have been used and not the words "the victim or his heirs". This means that Diyat is a compensation payable only in cases of Qatl and not in
cases of hurt.

(c) Value of Diyat


The Court shall, subject to the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Qurun and Sunnah and keeping in view the financial position of
the convict and the heirs of the victim, fix the value of diyat which shall not be less than the value of thirty thousand six hundred and thirty
grams of silver and the Federal Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, declare the value of silver, on the 1st July each year
or on such date as it may deem fit, which shall be the value payable during the financial year. (Section 23, PPC)

III. Arsh
(a) Meanings
Arsh means a compensation which is payable to the offender to the victim or his heirs.

(b) Definition
Arsh has been defined in section 299(b) as: "Arsh means. the compensation specified in this Chapter to be paid to the victim of his heirs.

(c) Value of Arsh:


The value of Arsh will be assessed at certain percentage, indicated in various provisions of the value of Diyat under Section 323, PPC. The
Court while working out the percentage of the value of the Diyat will take into consideration the minimum value of Diyat fixed by the Federal
year. Government on the first day of July each year.

(d) Payment of Arsh


The Arsh will be payable in lump sum or in over three years installments spreading from the date of final judgment.

(e) Time for paying Arsh


The Arsh shall be payable within the time specified by Court and the offender may be kept in jail to serve simple imprisonment until the Arsh
is paid in full. The Court may release a convict on bail, if he furnishes security equal to amount of Arsh to the satisfaction of Court for its
payment.
If the convict dies before payment of Arsh, it shall be recovered for his estate.

IV. Daman

(a) Meaning
Daman means price or similar things.

(b) Definition
Daman has been defined in section 299 (d) of PPC as:
"Daman means the compensation determined by. the Court to be paid by the offender to the victim for causing hurt. not 'liable to Arsh."

The word Daman is actually Daman. It is a compensation payable by the offender to the victim for causing hurt not liable to Arsh, as
determined by Court. Daman is ordered for injuries where punishment of Arsh is not available.

(c) Value of Daman:


The value of daman may be determined by the Court keeping in view:
i. the expenses incurred on the treatment of victim.
ii. loss or disability caused in the functioning or power of any organ; and
iii. the compensation for the an suffered by the victim (Section 337-Y(1).

(d) Consequences of non-payment of Daman:


In case of non-payment of daman it shall be recovered from the convict and until daman is paid in full to the extent of his liability, the convict
may be kept in jail and dealt with in same manner as if sentenced to simple imprisonment. (Sec. 337(2).

(e) Release of offender:


The offender may be released on bail if he furnishes security equal to the amount of damari to the satisfaction of Court.

V. Tazir
(i) Definition
Tazir has been defined in Section 299(b) as: ent other than "Tazir means punishm Qisas, Diyat, Aish, or Daman.
The Hedeya speaks on the subject thus:
Tazir in its primitive sense, means prohibition and also instruction, in law it signifies an infliction undermined in its, degree by law, on
'account of the right either of God or of the individual, and the occasion of it is any offence for which hadd has not been appointed, whether
that offence consist in word or deed,

(ii) Infliction of Tazir


Tazir may be inflicted by imposition of fire, scourging, imprisonment, etc, It is the punishment which is left to the discretion of Quit or Judge.

VI. Death
This Is the highest form of punishment authorized by law, This may be awarded as punishment in the following offences:
i. Waging war against Pakistan,
ii. Abetting mutiny actually committed.
iii. Murder
iv. Dacoity accompanied with murder
v. Hijacking.

VII. Imprisonment for life


Imprisonment for life is the second highest form of punishment as specified in PPC. It is inflicted for the following offences:
i. Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting waging was against Pakistan.
ii. Collecting arms etc with attention of waging war against Pakistan.
iii. Sedition.
iv. Counterfeiting Pakistan coin.
v. Punishment for murder
vi. Kidnapping or abducting in Order to commit murder.
vii. Dacoity with murder

VIII. Imprisonment
Imprisonment means the act of putting or confining a person in prison.
Imprisonment is of two kinds name

(a) Rigorous
In the case 'of Rigorous Imprisonment the offender is put to hard labour, such as grinding the cord, drawing water digging earth, cutting fire
woods etc.

(b) Simple
In the case of simple imprisonment, the offender is confined in jail and is riot put to any kinds of work.
The maximum period of imprisonment that can be awarded for an offence is fourteen years (Section 55). The shorten term provided for an
offence is twenty four hours but the minimum is unlimited.

IX. Forfeiture of Property


Following of property is retained as a punishment in the following cases
i. Whoever commits, or prepares to commit, depredation on the territories of any power at peace with Government, shall be liable in addition
to other punishments, to forfeiture of any property used, or intended to be used in depredation or acquired thereby. (Section 126).
ii. Whoever knowingly receives property taken as above mentioned or in waging war against any Asiatic power at peace with government,
shall be liable to forfeit such property. (Section 127).
iii. A public servant, who improperly purchases property, which by virtue of his office, he is legally prohibited from purchasing forfeits such
property.

X. Fine
The ' Punishment of fine may also be given along with other punishment on the commission of any offence. it is as much a punishment as
Diyat, Arsh or Daman. It is the only Punishment provided for in Sections 137, 154, 155, 156,171-G 171H, 171-1, 278, 283, 290 and 294-A.

6. LIMIT OF IMPRISONMENT FOR NON-PAYMENT OF FINE U/S 65


if the offence is liable with imprisonment as well as fine the term shall not exceed one-fourth of the term of imprisonment which is the
maximum fixed for the offence.

8. CONCLUSION

In last to conclude I can say some pain or penalty warranted by law, inflicted on a person, for the commission of a crime or misdemeanor, or
for the omission of the performance of an act required by law, by the judgment and command of some lawful Court called punishment and it
has different kinds i.e. Qisas, diyat, arsh, imprisonment and fine etc.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy