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Physics Common Definations Igcse

The document outlines fundamental concepts in physics, including motion, forces, energy, waves, and electricity. It covers definitions and principles such as distance, displacement, Newton's laws, momentum, and electromagnetic induction. Additionally, it briefly touches on nuclear reactions and radioactivity, emphasizing key terms and their significance in understanding physical phenomena.

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Abdullah Jahanzaib
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3 views3 pages

Physics Common Definations Igcse

The document outlines fundamental concepts in physics, including motion, forces, energy, waves, and electricity. It covers definitions and principles such as distance, displacement, Newton's laws, momentum, and electromagnetic induction. Additionally, it briefly touches on nuclear reactions and radioactivity, emphasizing key terms and their significance in understanding physical phenomena.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Jahanzaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion: When a body changes its position with its respective surroundings

Distance: length of a path between two points


Displacement : Shortest distance b/w two [points in a particular direction
Scalar quantities: Can be expressed by magnitude only
Vector: Can be expressed by both magnitude and direction
Speed: Rate of change of Distance
Velocity: Rate of change of displacement
Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity
Force: Something that produces or tends to produce change
Contact force: The forces that come to existence when two bodies are in constant with one other
Non-Contact force: The forces that can act b/w objects even from a distance
Resultant force: Sum of all forces acting on a body
Newton’s second law: Acceleration is directly proportional and in the same direction as resultant
force
Freefall motion: Acceleration increases as weight of body moves in downward direction ,if
acceleration increases so does resultant force(Air resistance).Resultant force starts to decrease thus
acceleration decreases, When air resistance balances the weight of body resultant force=0,terminal
velocity reached and object moves at constant speed.
Momentum : Product of Mass and Velocity.
Law of conservation of momentum : In an isolated system, total momentum before collision=to
momentum after collision.
Impulse : Product of force and time.
Turning effect: Product of force and perpendicular distance
Conditions of equilibrium in turning effect: Sum of resultant forces=0 , Sum of all moment=0
Principle of moment: In an equilibrium state sum of clockwise rotation = Sum of anticlockwise
rotation.
Mass: Quantity of matter in a body.
Weight: product of mass and gravity/,Force that acts in the downward direction.
Density: Mass acting per unit volume.
Pressure: force acting per unit area.
Work: Product of force and displacement in the same direction.
Energy: Ability of a body to do work.
K.E: Energy possessed by a body due to its motion.
GPE: The energy stored in the body due to its position in a gravitational field.
Power: Rate of doing work.
Efficiency: Ratio of useful output energy to the total input energy.
Circular motion: When object moves in a circular path with constant speed.
Centripetal force: Force that keeps an object in a circular path
Centre of mass: A point at which whole mass of a body concentrates.
Deformation: Change in shape or size.
Extension: Change in length due to force.
Limit of proportionality: A point where force is no longer proportional to extension.
Waves: Transfer of energy from one point to another without the transferring of matter.
Longitudinal wave: Vibration of particles are parallel to the wave direction
Transverse waves: Vibration of particles are perpendicular to the wave direction
Refraction: Change in speed of waves when traveling from one median to another.
Diffraction: Deflection through edges and obstacles.
Amplitude: Max displacement of trough from mean position
Wavelength: Distance b/w two consecutive crest and trough.
Frequency: N0. Of waves per second passing through a point.
Time period: Time to complete one wave
Speed of wave: Product of frequency and wavelength.
Incident angle: angle between the incident ray and normal
Reflective angle: angle between the incident ray and normal
Light: Form of energy
Real image: When light rays merge at a point.
Virtual image: When light rays don’t meet at a point, and cant be obtained on a screen.
Critical angle: When light rays bend at 90 degrees.
Converging lens: thin at edge and thick at the center.
Principle axis: An imaginary line passing through the center of lens.
Principle focus/focal point : length b/w center of lens to principle focus.
focal length: Length b/w the center of lens to principle focus
Ultra sound: Sound frequency>20kHz

Electric field: A region in space around a charge where another experiences electric force .
Current: Rate of flow of charge.
D.C: Direction of current remains the same. Value of current may vary
A.C: Direction of current charges after ever half cycle.
Voltage: Energy possessed by 1 Columb charge used to rum a component in a circuit.
EMF(Elecromotiveforce): Work done per unit charge to move electrons around a complete circuit
PD: Energy converted per unit charge when electron passes through a component.
Resistance: Ratio of voltage to current across a resistor.
Ohms Law: At constant resistance PD across conductors in directly proportional to current
Spilt rings: they flip in the direction of coil.
Carbon brush: they provide sliding contact b/w rings and external circuit
Electromagnetic induction :When a magnetic field line cuts the coil and due to change in magnetic
flux linkage emf in induced.
Faradays law: EMF induced is directly proportional to magnetic flux linkage
Lenz law: EMF induced in conductors is such that it opposes change which produces it
energy conservation: The opposite us bound to happen the motion of magnet so that energy can be
extracted out of it and electricity can be produced
Slip rings: They flip direction of current when coil crosses the vertical position.
Gold foil experiment: Most of the alpha particles passed undeviated, Few deflected at an angle,
Very few of them bounced back.
Random: the emissions of radioactive don’t occur in any pattern. Any nuclei can decay at any time.
Spontaneous: No effect of external condition on the rate of emission.
Half-Life: Time taken for a radioactive sample to decrease its radioactive nuclei to half its initial value.
Activity: Rate of radioactive radiations per unit time.
Nuclear Fission: A large unstable nucleus breaks into smaller more stable nucleus releasing energy.
Reaction is triggered by inserting a neutron in the unstable nucleon.
Nuclear fusion: Two small nuclei combine to form a larger more stable nucleus releasing large
amounts of energy.

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