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SL Arora V 1

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, highlighting their definitions and examples. It further describes various types of vectors, including position, displacement, polar, axial, unit, equal, zero, negative, coplanar, free, collinear, co-initial, and co-terminus vectors, along with their characteristics and mathematical properties. The document serves as an overview of motion in a plane and the fundamental principles of vector analysis.

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36 views6 pages

SL Arora V 1

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, highlighting their definitions and examples. It further describes various types of vectors, including position, displacement, polar, axial, unit, equal, zero, negative, coplanar, free, collinear, co-initial, and co-terminus vectors, along with their characteristics and mathematical properties. The document serves as an overview of motion in a plane and the fundamental principles of vector analysis.

Uploaded by

palshobhnath102
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion in a Plane

• Scalar and Vector Quantities


Scalar Quantities. The physical quantities which
are completely specified by their magnitude or
size alone are called scalar quantities.
Examples. Length, mass, density, speed, work,
etc.
Vector Quantities. Vector quantities are those
physical quantities which are characterised by
both magnitude and direction.
Examples. Velocity, displacement, acceleration,
force, momentum, torque etc.
Characteristics of Vectors
Following are the characteristics of vectors:
(i) These possess both magnitude and direction.
(ii) These do not obey the ordinary laws of
Algebra.
(iii) These change if either magnitude or
direction or both change.
(iv) These are represented by bold-faced letters
or letters having arrow over them.

Position Vector
A position vector is a vector that specifies the
location of a point relative to a fixed origin. It's
a straight line with one end at the origin and
the other end at the point of interest.
Displacement Vector
A vector quantity that represents the change
in an object's position. It is a straight line from
the initial position to the final position of the
object, regardless of the path taken.
Polar Vector
A polar vector, also known as a "true vector,"
is a vector that maintains its direction and
magnitude when the coordinate system is
changed.
Ex – Displacement , Velocity, Acceleration
Axial Vector
An axial vector, also known as a pseudovector,
is a quantity that behaves like a vector in many
situations, but its direction does not conform
when the object is rigidly transformed by
rotation, reflection, or other transformations
Ex – Angular Velocity , Angular acceleration,
Torque
It follows right hand screw rule

Unit Vector
A unit vector is a vector of unit magnitude and
points in a particular direction. It is used to
specify the direction only. Unit vector is
represented by putting a cap (^) over the
quantity.

• Equal Vectors
Two or more vectors are equal if they have
same magnitude and direction . This means
they are parallel and have the same
orientation, even if they are located in
different places on the coordinate plane.
• Zero Vector / Null vector
A zero vector, also known as a null vector, is a
vector with a magnitude (or length) of zero. It
has no direction, and it can be represented by
the point where the initial and terminal points
coincide
Negative of a Vector
A negative vector is essentially a vector that
has been multiplied by -1. This means it has
the same magnitude (length) as the original
vector, but points in the opposite direction.
Modulus of a vector
The modulus of a vector, also known as its
magnitude or length, is a measure of the
vector's size or length

Example:
If the vector v = (3, 4), its modulus is:
|v| = √(3² + 4²) = √(9 + 16) = √25 = 5
Coplanar vectors
Coplanar vectors are vectors that lie on the
same plane in three-dimensional space,
meaning they are all parallel to that plane. In
simpler terms, they don't extend across
different planes but remain confined to a
single surface.
Free vector
A free vector is a vector quantity that has
magnitude and direction, but is not attached
to a specific point or line in space.
Collinear Vector
Collinear vectors are vectors that lie on the
same line or are parallel to the same
line. They are also known as parallel
vectors. Collinear vectors can point in the
same direction or opposite directions.
Co – initial vector
Co-initial vectors are vectors that share the
same starting point, or initial point. In other
words, if two or more vectors begin at the
same location in space, they are considered
co-initial.
Co – terminus Vector
Co-terminus vectors are vectors that share the
same terminal (or ending) point, regardless of
their starting points. This means they all end
at the same location in space.

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