SLOVENSKI STANDARD

SIST EN 13001-2:2021
01-julij-2021

Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13001-2:2014

Varnost žerjava - Konstrukcija, splošno - 2. del: Učinki obremenitev

Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions

Kransicherheit - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2: Lasteinwirkungen

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Sécurité des appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 2:
Charges (standards.iteh.ai)
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13001-2:2021
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8e14c7ef9286/sist-en-13001-2-2021

ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes

SIST EN 13001-2:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
 SIST EN 13001-2:2021

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 SIST EN 13001-2:2021

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13001-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2021

ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13001-2:2014

English Version

Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions

Sécurité des appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Kransicherheit - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2:
Conception générale - Partie 2 : Charges Lasteinwirkungen

This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre on 21 April 2021.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 January 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
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Centre has the same status as the official versions.
(standards.iteh.ai)
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia,SIST
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
EN 13001-2:2021
United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13001-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 SIST EN 13001-2:2021

EN 13001-2:2021 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations ........................................................................... 6
3.1 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 7
4 Safety requirements and/or measures ................................................................................................ 11
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.2 Loads ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.2.2 Regular loads ................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.2.3 Occasional loads ........................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2.4 Exceptional loads ......................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3 Load combinations ...................................................................................................................................... 38
4.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
4.3.2 High risk situations ..................................................................................................................................... 38
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
4.3.3 Favourable and unfavourable masses .................................................................................................. 39
4.3.4 (standards.iteh.ai)
Partial safety factors for the mass of the crane ................................................................................. 39
4.3.5 Partial safety factors to be applied to loads determined by displacements ........................... 40
4.3.6 Partial safety factors to be applied to SISTmeasured
EN 13001-2:2021 load effects limited by control
system .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
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4.3.7 Load combinations for the proof of competence .............................................................................. 41
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4.3.8 The proof of crane stability ...................................................................................................................... 47
Annex A (informative) Aerodynamic coefficients ........................................................................................... 50
A.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
A.2 Individual members .................................................................................................................................... 52
A.3 Plane and spatial lattice structure members ..................................................................................... 58
A.4 Structural members in multiple arrangement .................................................................................. 61
Annex B (informative) Illustration of the types of hoist drives .................................................................. 63
Annex C (informative) Calculation of load factor for indirect lifting force limiter.............................. 66
Annex D (informative) Guidance on selection of the risk coefficient ....................................................... 68
Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane family standards ........................................ 70
Annex F (informative) Requirements in Directive 2016/1629/EU .......................................................... 72
Annex G (informative) List of hazards ................................................................................................................. 73
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered ..................................................... 74
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 75

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EN 13001-2:2021 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 13001-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes —
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 13001-2:2014.

This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.

CEN/TC 147 WG 2 has reviewed EN 13001-2:2014 to adapt the document to the technical progress, new
requirements and changes in the document referred. The main topics and changes include:
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— Cranes on vessels which are within the scope of the Directive 2016/1629/EU (Inland Waterway
(standards.iteh.ai)
Vessels) and “European Standard laying down Technical Requirements for Inland Navigation
vessels” (ES-TRIN:2019/1);
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
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— Loads relevant to cranes on vessels were added;
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— The clause on favourable/unfavourable masses and the clause on high risk applications including
Annex D were modified;

— A new 4.3.6 for measured load effects was added;

— 4.3.8 on rigid body stability was modified;

— A new 4.2.1.5 added, on internal loads inside mechanisms;

— Requirements for loads on access ways were replaced by a reference to EN 13586:2004+A1:2008;

— Annex ZA has been revised.

This document is Part 2 of the EN 13001 series. The other parts are as follows:

— Part 1: General principles and requirements

— Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures

— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems

— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts

— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings

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— Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks and cast hooks

— Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders

For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex E.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.

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(standards.iteh.ai)
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EN 13001-2:2021 (E)

Introduction

This document has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical
design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety requirements
of the EU Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery), as amended. This document also establishes interfaces
between the user (purchaser) of the crane and the designer, as well as between the designer and the
component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This document is a type C standard as stated in the EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or
B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this
type C standard.

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1 Scope
This document specifies load actions and load combinations for the calculation of load effects as basis for
the proof of competence of a crane and its main components. It will be used together with the other
generic parts of the EN 13001 series of standards, see Annex E. As such they specify conditions and
requirements on design to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes and provide a method of verification of
those requirements.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European product
standards for the particular crane type, see Annex E.

The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks
to persons during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this document provides
means to reduce or eliminate the risks of mechanical failures due to the following:
a) rigid body instability of the crane or its parts (tilting);

b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);

c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts or components (buckling, bulging).

The hazards covered by this document are identified by Annex G.

This document is not applicable to cranes that are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.

2 Normative references iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

(standards.iteh.ai)
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/48f1811d-9ade-422c-8b99-
<std>EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements</std>
8e14c7ef9286/sist-en-13001-2-2021

<std>EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes — Access</std>

<std>ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General</std>

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1:2007, Clause 6 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

3.1.1
hoist load
sum of the masses suspended from the crane, taken as the sum of payload, the fixed and non-fixed load
lifting attachments and the suspended portion of the hoist medium

Note 1 to entry: “hoist load” is equivalent to “gross load” as defined in ISO 4306-1:2007.

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3.1.2
single failure proof system
force carrying arrangement of several components, arranged so that in case of a failure of any single
component in the arrangement, the capability to carry the force is not lost

3.1.3
vessel
floating installation the crane is mounted on

Note 1 to entry: The above definition is limited to vessels which are within the scope of the EU Directive
2016/1629 EU (Inland Waterway Vessels).

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations

Symbols, abbreviations Description

A1 to A4 Load combinations including regular loads
A Characteristic area of a crane member

Ag Projection of the hoist load on a plane normal to the direction of the wind
velocity
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Ac Area enclosed by the boundary of a lattice work member in the plane of its
(standards.iteh.ai)
characteristic height d

Aj Area of anSIST individual crane member projected to the plane of the

EN 13001-2:2021
characteristic height d
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8e14c7ef9286/sist-en-13001-2-2021
bh Width of the rail head
b Characteristic width of a crane member
B1 to B5 Load combinations including regular and occasional loads
c Spring constant
co, ca, coy, coz Aerodynamic coefficients
C1 to C11 Load combinations including regular, occasional and exceptional loads
CFF, CFM Coupled wheel pairs of system F/F or F/M
d Characteristic dimension of a crane member
di, dn Distance between wheel pair i or n and the guide means
eG Width of the gap of a rail
f Friction coefficient
fi Loads
fq natural frequency
frec Term used in calculating v(z)
F Force in general

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Symbols, abbreviations Description

F, Fy, Fz Wind loads

F̂ Maximum buffer force

Fi, Ff Initial and final drive force
ΔF Change of drive force
Fx1i, Fx2i, Fy1i, Fy2i Tangential wheel forces
Fy Guide force
Fz1i, Fz2i Vertical wheel forces
Abbreviations for Fixed/Fixed and Fixed/Moveable, characterizing the
F/F, F/M
possibility of lateral movements of the crane wheels
g Acceleration due to gravity
Distance between instantaneous slide pole and guide means of a skewing
h
crane
h(t) Time dependent unevenness function
hs Height of the step of a rail
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Lateral wheel forces induced by drive forces acting on a crane or trolley
H1, H2
(standards.iteh.ai)
with asymmetrical mass distribution
HC1 to HC4 Stiffness classes
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
HD1 to HD5 Classes of the type of hoist drive and its operation method
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i Serial number
IFF, IFM Independent wheel pairs of system F/F or F/M
j Serial number
k Serial number
K Drag coefficient of terrain
K1, K2 Roughness factors
l Span of a crane
la Aerodynamic length of a crane member
lo Geometric length of a crane member
mH Mass of the hoist load
m Mass of the crane and the hoist load
ΔmH Released or dropped part of the hoist load
n Number of wheels at each side of the crane runway
nm Exponent used in calculating the shielding factor η
p Number of pairs of coupled wheels

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Symbols, abbreviations Description

q Equivalent static wind pressure
q Mean wind pressure
q(z) Equivalent static storm wind pressure
q(3) Wind pressure at v(3)
r Wheel radius
R Out-of-service wind recurrence interval
Re Reynold number
sg Slack of the guide
sy Lateral slip at the guide means
syi Lateral slip at wheel pair i
S Load effect

Ŝ Maximum load effect

Si, Sf Initial and final load effects
ΔS iTehChange
STANDARD
of load effect PREVIEW
t (standards.iteh.ai)
Time
u Buffer stroke
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
û Maximum buffer stroke
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v Travelling speed of the crane
v Constant mean wind velocity
Constant mean wind velocity if the wind direction is not normal to the
v*
longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration
v(z) Equivalent static storm wind velocity
Equivalent static storm wind velocity if the wind direction is not normal to
v(z)*
the longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration
v(3) Gust wind velocity averaged of a period of 3 seconds
vg Three seconds gust amplitude
vh Hoisting speed
vh,max Maximum steady hoisting speed
vh,CS Steady hoisting creep speed
vm(z) Ten minutes mean storm wind velocity in the height z
vref Reference storm wind velocity
wb Distance between the guide means

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Symbols, abbreviations Description

z Height above ground level
z(t) Time-dependent coordinate of the mass centre
αr Relative aerodynamic length

αw Angle between the direction of the wind velocity v or v(z) and the
longitudinal axis of the crane member under consideration
α Skewing angle
αg Part of the skewing angle α due to the slack of the guide
αG, αs Terms used in calculating ϕ4

αt Part of the skewing angle α due to tolerances

αw Part of the skewing angle α due to wear
β Angle between horizontal plane and non-horizontal wind direction
β2 Term used in calculating ϕ2

β3 Term used in calculating ϕ3

γf iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Overall safety factor
γm Resistance (standards.iteh.ai)
coefficient
γn Risk coefficient SIST EN 13001-2:2021
γp https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/48f1811d-9ade-422c-8b99-
Partial safety factor
8e14c7ef9286/sist-en-13001-2-2021
γs Additional safety factor for stability

δ Term used in calculating ϕ1

εS Conventional start force factor

εM Conventional mean drive force factor
η Shielding factor
ηW Factor for remaining hoist load in out of service condition
λ Aerodynamic slenderness ratio
μ, μ′ Parts of the span l
F Term used in calculating the guide force Fy

F1i, F2i Terms used in calculating Fy1i and Fy2i

ξ Term used in calculating ϕ7

ξ1i, ξ2i Term used in calculating Fx1i and Fx2i

ξG(αG), ξs(αs) Curve factors

ρ Density of the air

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Symbols, abbreviations Description

φ Solidity ratio
ϕi Dynamic factors
ϕ1 Dynamic factor acting on the mass of the crane

ϕ2 Dynamic factor on hoist load when hoisting an unrestrained grounded

load in regular operation

ϕ2C Dynamic factor on hoist load when hoisting an unrestrained grounded

load under exceptional conditions
ϕ2,min Term used in calculating ϕ2

ϕ3 Dynamic factor for inertial and gravity effects by sudden release of a part
of the hoist load
ϕ4 Dynamic factor for loads caused by travelling on uneven surface
ϕ5 Dynamic factor for loads caused by acceleration of all crane drives
ϕ6 Dynamic factor for test loads
ϕ7 Dynamic factor for loads due to buffer forces
ϕ8 iTehGustSTANDARD
response factor PREVIEW
ϕL, ϕML
(standards.iteh.ai)
Factors for calculation of force in case the load or moment limiter is
activated
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
ψ Reduction factor used in calculating aerodynamic coefficients
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4 Safety requirements and/or measures
4.1 General

Loads and load combinations, as given in 4.2 and 4.3, shall only be applied as relevant for specified
configurations and operational conditions of the crane.
The load actions shall be taken into account in proofs against failure by uncontrolled movement, yielding,
elastic instability and, where applicable, against fatigue.
4.2 Loads
4.2.1 General

4.2.1.1 Introduction

The loads acting on a crane are divided into the categories of regular, occasional and exceptional as given
in 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3 and 4.2.1.4. Combinations of regular, occasional and exceptional loads into load
combinations A, B and C are given in 4.3.
Internal loads inside mechanisms are mentioned in 4.2.1.5 and should be considered where relevant.

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4.2.1.2 Regular loads

Regular loads are those loads that occur frequently under normal operation.
a) Hoisting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the crane;

b) inertial and gravity effects acting vertically on the hoist load;

c) loads caused by travelling on uneven surface;

d) loads caused by acceleration of all crane drives;

e) loads induced by displacements;

f) loads due to vessel inclinations and motions.

4.2.1.3 Occasional loads

a) Loads due to in-service wind;

b) snow and ice loads;

c) loads due to temperature variation;

d) loads caused by skewing. iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

(standards.iteh.ai)
Occasional loads occur infrequently. They are usually neglected in fatigue assessment.
4.2.1.4 Exceptional loads
SIST EN 13001-2:2021
a) Loads caused by hoisting a grounded load under exceptional circumstances;
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b) loads due to out-of-service wind;

c) test loads;

d) loads due to buffer forces;

e) loads due to tilting forces;

f) loads caused by emergency cut-out;

g) loads due to dynamic cut-off by lifting force limiting device;

h) loads due to dynamic cut-off by lifting moment limiting device;

i) loads due to unintentional loss of hoist load;

j) loads caused by failure of mechanism or components;

k) loads due to external excitation of crane support;

l) loads caused by erection and dismantling;

m) loads due to vessel inclinations and motions while the crane is in stowage position.

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Exceptional loads are also infrequent and are likewise usually excluded from fatigue assessment.
4.2.1.5 Internal loads inside mechanisms

Load effects in drive mechanisms shall be derived both from the global, external load actions on the crane
and from the internal loads inside the mechanisms. The latter depend on one hand on the arrangement
of the mechanism and on the other hand on the physical quantities determining the internal load effects,
e.g.:
— brake torques;

— inertia of rotating components;

— friction in driving contacts.

Special consideration shall be given to internal load effects in mechanisms due to exceptional loads given
in 4.2.4, such as:
— 4.2.4.4, buffer forces;

— 4.2.4.7, emergency cut-out;

— 4.2.4.8, dynamic cut-off by lifting force limiter;

— 4.2.4.9, dynamic cut-off by lifting moment limiter;

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— 4.2.4.11, apprehended failure of duplicated mechanism.
(standards.iteh.ai)
Special consideration should be given to rotating components that might be subjected to fatigue from this
internal loading. SIST EN 13001-2:2021
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4.2.2 Regular loads 8e14c7ef9286/sist-en-13001-2-2021
4.2.2.1 Mass of the crane

When lifting the load off the ground or when releasing the load or parts of the load, the crane structure is
under effect of vibration excitation, which shall be taken into account as a load effect. The gravitational
force induced by the mass of the crane or crane part shall be multiplied by the factor ϕ1. Dependent upon
the gravitational load effect of the mass and load combination in question, the factor ϕ1 is calculated in
accordance with either Formula (1) or (2). For definitions of unfavourable and favourable load effects see
4.3.3.
The gravitational load effect of the mass is unfavourable, Formula (1) applies:
φ1 = 1 + δ with 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0,1 (1)

The gravitational load effect of the mass is favourable, Formula (2) applies:
φ1 = 1 − δ with 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0,05 (2)

The maximum values of δ from the Formulae (1) and (2) shall be used unless other values are justified
by measurements, calculations or obtained from the appropriate European Standard for the particular
type of crane.
The mass of the crane includes those components which are always in place during operation except for
the net load itself. For some cranes or applications, it is necessary to add mass to account for accumulation
of debris.

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