1.

Database Management System (DBMS)

1. Definition & Importance of DBMS
o Example question: “What is DBMS? Why is it used?”
2. Normalization
o Key focus: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
o Example question: “What is normalization? Why is it important? Explain
2NF with an example.”
3. Database Models
o Network Database Model vs. Relational Database Model
o Advantages and disadvantages of each
o Example question: “Explain the Network Database Model and
Relational Database Model with their advantages and disadvantages.”
4. Database Security
o Importance, methods to protect databases (authentication,
encryption, backup, etc.)
o Example question: “What is database security? Why is it important?
Describe different methods to protect a database.”
5. Centralized vs. Distributed Database
o Differences, advantages, disadvantages

2. Data Communication & Networking

1. Computer Network & Its Types
o LAN, MAN, WAN
o Example question: “What is a computer network? Explain the types of
networks in detail.”
2. Transmission Media
o Guided (twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber-optic) vs. Unguided (radio
waves, microwaves, satellite)
o Example question: “What is transmission media? Explain different types
of transmission media with examples.”
3. Basic Networking Hardware
o NIC (Network Interface Card), router, modem, switch, bridge
o Example question: “Which hardware device is essential for connecting a
computer to a network and why?”
 4. Basic Network Commands
o ipconfig, ping
o Example question: “Which command is used to display the TCP/IP
configuration? How is it used?”

3. Web Technology – I (JavaScript)

1. JavaScript Basics
o Variables, data types, basic operations (3 + '5' → '35'),
document.write()
o Example question: “What will be the output of var x = 3 + '5';
document.write(x);?”
2. Conditional Statements & Switch Case
o Example question: “Write a JavaScript program to find the greatest
number among three given numbers.”
o Example question: “Write a JavaScript program to display days of the
week using switch-case.”
3. Common Errors / Output Interpretation
o Understanding code snippets and predicting the output or errors

4. Web Technology – II (PHP, jQuery)

1. PHP Basics
o Basic syntax: <?php ... ?>
o Echoing variables, string concatenation ($x . $y)
o Data types in PHP (string, integer, float, boolean, array, object)
o Example question: “What is PHP? Write its basic structure and explain
the characteristics of PHP.”
2. jQuery Syntax
o $(selector).action()
o Example question: “What is the correct syntax of jQuery?”

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

1. Key Features
o Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction
 o Example question: “If a function name remains the same but performs
different tasks, which OOP feature is it? Explain.”
2. OOP vs. Structured Programming
o Differences in approach, data handling, code reusability
o Example question: “Differentiate between Object-Oriented and
Structured Programming languages.”

6. Software Process Model

1. Feasibility Study
o Types: Technical, Economic, Operational, Schedule, Legal feasibility
o Example question: “What is feasibility study? Explain the types of
feasibility study.”
2. Software Development Models
o Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, Agile (merits/demerits)
o Example question: “Explain any two software development models with
their advantages and disadvantages.”

7. Recent Trends in Technology

1. Key Terms
o IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data, Cloud Computing, Virtual Reality, AI
o Example question: “Explain the terms IoT, Big Data, and Cloud
Computing.”
2. Major Breakthroughs
o Example question: “In your opinion, what has been the greatest
breakthrough in computer technology in recent years and why?”

8. Programming in C (Long-Answer Focus)

1. Structures & File Handling
o Reading/storing records (student or employee info) and displaying
them
o Example question: “Write a program to store roll_no, name, and age of
50 students in a file and display them on screen.”
2. Recursive Functions
 o Factorial, Fibonacci series, etc.
o Example question: “What is a recursive function? Write a C program to
find the factorial of a number using recursion.”

How to Use This List

 Master Each Topic: Read through theory, practice writing code/programs,
and prepare example answers.
 Focus on Definitions & Examples: Many short questions want clear
definitions, advantages/disadvantages, and examples.
 Write Neat Programs: Especially for C (structures, file handling, recursion)
and JavaScript/PHP snippets.

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Below is a plain list of the most commonly repeated and important questions:

1. What is DBMS? Why is it used?

2. What is normalization? Why is it important? Explain 2NF with an example.
3. Explain the Network Database Model and the Relational Database Model
along with their advantages and disadvantages.
4. What is database security? Why is it important? Describe different methods
to protect a database.
5. What is the difference between a centralized and a distributed database
system?
6. What is a computer network? Explain the different types of networks.
7. What is transmission media? Explain different types of transmission media
with examples.
8. Which networking hardware device is essential for connecting a computer to
a network and why?
9. Which command is used to display the TCP/IP configuration and how is it
used?
10.What will be the output of the following JavaScript code snippet:
var x = 3 + '5'; document.write(x);?
11.Write a JavaScript program to find the greatest number among three given
numbers.
12.Write a JavaScript program to display the days of the week using a switch-
case statement.
13.What is PHP? Write its basic structure and explain its characteristics.
14.What is the correct syntax of jQuery? Provide an example.
15.Which object-oriented programming (OOP) feature allows a function to
perform different tasks using the same function name? Explain with an
example.
16.Differentiate between object-oriented and structured programming
languages.
17.What is a feasibility study? Explain the different types of feasibility studies.
18.Explain any two software development models along with their advantages
and disadvantages.
19.Explain the terms IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing.
20.In your opinion, what has been the greatest breakthrough in computer
technology in recent years and why?
21.Write a C program to store the roll number, name, and age of 50 students in
a file and display them on the screen.
22.What is a recursive function? Write a C program to find the factorial of a
number using recursion.