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Ch. 8 - System Development Approaches (Methodology & Tools)

The document outlines the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), detailing its phases and the differences between predictive and adaptive approaches. It describes the traditional and object-oriented methods for developing information systems, emphasizing the importance of methodologies, models, tools, and techniques. Additionally, it highlights the activities involved in each phase of the SDLC, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.

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5 views24 pages

Ch. 8 - System Development Approaches (Methodology & Tools)

The document outlines the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), detailing its phases and the differences between predictive and adaptive approaches. It describes the traditional and object-oriented methods for developing information systems, emphasizing the importance of methodologies, models, tools, and techniques. Additionally, it highlights the activities involved in each phase of the SDLC, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.

Uploaded by

csnwyfbvhy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

APPROACHES TO
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Methodology, Tools and Techniques

DEDE DARSONO, M.M.


Learning Objectives
2

 Explain the purpose and various phases of the systems


development life cycle (SDLC)

 Explain the differences between predictive SDLC and adaptive


SDLC

 Explain the differences between a model, a tool, a technique,


and a methodology

 Describe the two overall approaches used to develop


information systems: the traditional method and the object-
oriented method
The Systems Development Lifecycle
3

 SDLC provides overall framework for managing


systems development process.
 Two main approaches to SDLC
 Predictive approach – assumes project can be planned out
in advance
 Adaptive approach – more flexible, assumes project cannot
be planned out in advance
 All projects use some variation of SDLC
Choosing the Predictive vs. Adaptive
Approach to the SDLC

4
Traditional Predictive Approach to the
5
SDLC
 Project planning – initiate, ensure feasibility, plan
schedule, obtain approval for project
 Analysis – understand business needs and processing
requirements
 Design – define solution system based on
requirements and analysis decisions
 Implementation – construct, test, train users, and install
new system
 Support – keep system running and improve
Information System Development
Phases

6
SDLC and Problem Solving
7

 Organization recognizes problem (project planning)


 Project team investigates, understands problem and
solution requirements (analysis)
 Solution is specified in detail (design)
 System that solves problem is built and installed
(implementation)
 System used, maintained, and enhanced to continue to
provide intended benefits (support)
Waterfall Model
8

 Waterfall model is an SDLC approach that assumes


the various phases of a project can be completed
sequentially – one phase leads into the next phase.
“Waterfall” Approach to the
SDLC

9
Modified Waterfall Approach
with Overlapping Phases

10
Newer Adaptive Approaches to the
11
SDLC
 Based on spiral model
 Project cycles through development activities over and over until project
is complete
 Prototype created by end of each cycle
 Focuses on mitigating risk

 Iteration – Work activities are repeated


 Each iteration refines previous result
 Approach assumes no one gets it right the first time
 There are a series of mini projects for each iteration
The Spiral Life Cycle Model

12
Activities of Each SDLC Phase
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 Predictive or adaptive approach use SDLC


 Activities of each “phase” are similar
 Phases are not always sequential
 Phases can overlap
Activities of Planning Phase of SDLC
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 Define business problem and scope


 Produce detailed project schedule
 Confirm project feasibility
 Economic, organizational, technical, resource, and schedule

 Staff the project (resource management)


 Launch project → official announcement
Activities of Analysis Phase of SDLC
15

 Gather information to learn problem domain

 Define system requirements

 Build prototypes for discovery of requirements

 Prioritize requirements

 Generate and evaluate alternatives

 Review recommendations with management


Activities of Design Phase of SDLC
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 Design and integrate the network

 Design the application architecture

 Design the user interfaces

 Design the system interfaces

 Design and integrate the database

 Prototype for design details

 Design and integrate system controls


Activities of Implementation Phase of
17
SDLC
 Construct software components

 Verify and test

 Convert data

 Train users and document the system

 Install the system


Activities of Support Phase of SDLC
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 Maintain system
 Small patches, repairs, and updates
 Enhance system
 Small upgrades or enhancements to expand system
capabilities
 Larger enhancements may require separate development
project
 Support users
 Help desk and/or support team
What are Methodologies?
19

 Comprehensive guidelines to follow for completing


every SDLC activity

 Collection of models, tools, and techniques


Relationships Among Components
of a Methodology

20
What Are Models?
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 Representation of an important aspect of real


world, but not the same as real thing
 Abstraction used to separate out aspect
 Diagrams and charts
 Project planning and budgeting aids
Some Models Used in System
Development

22
What Are Tools?
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 Software support that helps create models or other


required project components

 Range from simple drawing programs to complex


CASE tools to project management software
Some Tools Used in System
Development

http://www.sparxsystems.com/products/ea
/index.html
24

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