SIRJANA JOURNAL[ISSN:2455-1058] VOLUME 54 ISSUE 3

VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT

SYSTEM USING GPS AND GSM
L. Dillirao1, P. Supriya2, P. Ameesha3, E. Saiteja4, G. Nageswar Rao5,

V. Bhaskara Lakshmi.Y 6

1,2,3,4,5
B. Tech student, Dept.of ECE, Baba institute of technology and sciences,
Visakhapatnam

6
Assistant Professor, Dept.of ECE, Baba institute of technology and sciences, Visakhapatnam

1 2
nithin.lysetti2002@gmail.com Pediredlasupriya4@gmail.com
3 4
ameeshapotnuru@gmail.com Saitejaelipe@gmail.com
5 6
shyamnageswarrao@gmail.com Lakshmijeevan2000@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 50% of annual traffic-related
fatalities are attributed to road traffic injuries, with a significant portion involving motorcycle
riders and head injuries. Delays in rescuing accident victims contribute to the severity of
outcomes. To address this issue, this research proposes an automated system for immediate
alerting of family members upon detecting an accident. The system integrates an Arduino UNO
R3 microcontroller, a GPS receiver, and a GSM module SIM 800L. The GPS module is utilized
to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the accident location, while the GSM module
facilitates SMS notification to inform designated contacts about the accident type and location
using Google Maps. The ADXL335 MEMS Accelerometer sensor captures vehicle X and Y
coordinates, while a 16x2 LCD screen displays relevant messages, latitude, and longitude
coordinates of the accident site.

KEYWORDS:

Arduino UNO R3, GSM module, GPS module, accident detection, family alert system,
emergency rescue.

I. INTRODUCTION:

In India, a densely populated non-industrial nation with nearly 1.35 billion people and an
extensive road network spanning 5,897,671 km, the escalating number of accidents poses a

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significant concern. Factors such as dense population, lack of awareness about traffic
regulations, and limited emergency services exacerbate the situation, especially during peak
traffic times and congested roads [1]. In densely populated areas, the presence of emergency
services may mitigate some risks, but in remote or less populated regions, the absence of
immediate assistance can lead to tragic outcomes [2]. Recognizing the paramount value of
human life and the imperative need to expedite emergency response, we propose a project
aimed at promptly alerting relatives in the event of an accident occurrence [3].

With the proliferation of vehicles, the incidence of traffic hazards and road accidents has
surged, placing lives at heightened risk [4]. Inadequate accident detection systems and other
challenges have underscored the need for innovative solutions [5]. This project introduces an
automated accident notification system leveraging wireless communication technologies,
specifically Arduino, GPS, and GSM modules [6], [7]. Drawing upon relevant research from
IEEE journals, we have formulated a novel approach that streamlines the accident detection
process and promptly notifies family members, providing them with precise accident location
details [8].

The proposed system revolves around three core modules:

1. Accident Detection
2. Vehicle Location Tracking
3. Alert Message Dispatch to Family Members

II. EXISTING SYSTEM:

Despite the increasing number of fatalities due to road accidents, existing systems have
failed to provide a comprehensive solution that continuously tracks a vehicle's location and
promptly sends alert messages upon an accident occurrence. To address this critical gap and
save lives, we have developed a model that emphasizes real-time location tracking and
immediate notification in the event of an accident . Road accidents in India remain a significant
cause of death, injury, and loss of life annually, with recent incidents demonstrating the severity
of the issue [9]. The lack of timely rescue during emergencies exacerbates the situation,
particularly in remote areas where access to assistance is limited [10]. While accidents in busy
areas may receive prompt attention from bystanders [11], those in remote locations often result
in significant delays, leading to tragic outcomes.

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Various researchers have proposed alternative systems to address this challenge. Varsha
introduced a system leveraging ARM controllers and ultrasonic sensors, offering cost-
effectiveness but potentially hampered by execution challenges [12]. MI Ahmed suggested a
Smart Cities-oriented framework using software-defined networking (SDN), but its
implementation complexities, security concerns, and latency issues present significant
obstacles [13]. Harsha Vardhan proposed a system based on RFID vehicle tag recognition, but
it faces limitations regarding range and security [14]. In contrast, our model integrates
advanced technologies, including Arduino, GPS, and GSM modules, to deliver a robust and
efficient solution for accident detection and alerting. By overcoming the limitations of existing
systems, our approach aims to enhance road safety and emergency response effectiveness,
ultimately saving lives and reducing the impact of road accidents.

III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

To enhance driver safety across all accident scenarios, we propose a vehicle alert system
project utilizing Arduino technology. Our model integrates Arduino UNO R3 with a GPS NEO-
7M receiver and GSM module SIM 800L. The ADXL335 Accelerometer captures the vehicle's
X, Y axis coordinates, while the GSM SIM 800L sends a notification message to pre-registered
family contacts. Continuously, the GPS module tracks the vehicle's latitude and longitude
coordinates. In instances of minor accidents where emergency notification to family members
isn't necessary, we've incorporated a reset button to halt notification transmission. This feature
ensures that emergency alerts are only triggered when genuinely required, thereby safeguarding
lives in critical situations and potentially reducing accident-related fatalities.

Fig 1: Block diagram of accident alert system

Figure 1 illustrates the accident alert system comprising the GPS module, GSM modem,
and MEMS Accelerometer connected to the Arduino microcontroller. The GPS module
precisely identifies the accident location in terms of latitude and longitude coordinates.
Meanwhile, the MEMS Accelerometer monitors the vehicle's movement, activating the SIM

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800L GSM module upon detecting threshold-exceeding movements. Subsequently, notification

messages are promptly dispatched to designated relatives, facilitating swift assistance in
emergency situations.

Fig 2: representation of accident alert system

Figure 2 depicts the proposed system, which integrates an Arduino UNO R3

microcontroller, a GPS NEO-7M receiver, and a GSM module SIM 800L. The GPS module
captures the latitude and longitude coordinates of the accident location, while the GSM module
sends alert SMS messages, detailing the accident type and providing the location via Google
Maps. The ADXL335 MEMS Accelerometer sensor captures the vehicle's X and Y coordinates.
Additionally, a 16x2 LCD screen is utilized to display messages and the accident location
coordinates. A reset button is incorporated into the proposed model to address minor accidents.
In the event of a minor accident, the driver can press the reset button, halting the circuit from
immediately sending messages to family members. The system includes a brief waiting period,
allowing the driver to press the reset button if necessary. If the reset button remains unpressed
within the designated timeframe, the system interprets it as a serious accident and proceeds to
dispatch alerts to family members.

Fig 3: hardware model for accident alert system

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Figure 3 illustrates the operational model of the proposed system, titled " Arduino-
Based Vehicle Collision Detection and Alert System with ADXL335 Accelerometer, GPS, and
GSM Integration". This model demonstrates the practical implementation and functioning of
the system components to enhance driver safety and facilitate prompt emergency response.

The proposed system integrates a GSM SIM 800L modem, a GPS module NEO-7M, and
a ADXL335 Accelerometer sensor, complemented by a 16x2 display for message presentation
alongside latitude and longitude details of the accident site. The GPS module functions to
capture the latitude and longitude coordinates, transmitting this data to the Arduino board.
Upon detection of X and Y coordinates surpassing predetermined thresholds, the ADXL335
Accelerometer sensor signals the Arduino board. Subsequently, the GSM modem is activated,
facilitating the transmission of alert messages to designated family members. These messages
include precise location information conveyed through Google Maps links, ensuring prompt
assistance and accurate localization in case of an accident.

IV. RESULT AND ANALYSIS:

FRONT ACCIDENT: When our vehicle experiences a frontal collision with another vehicle,
it is classified as a front accident.

Fig 4: Output of GSM Module When Front Accident Occurs

Figure 4 illustrates the output message sent by the GSM Modem to the registered contact
numbers when a front accident occurs.

LEFT ACCIDENT: When our vehicle is impacted by another vehicle from the left side, it
constitutes a left-side accident. Figure 5 illustrates the output message sent by the GSM Modem
to the registered contact numbers when a left-side accident occurs.

Fig 5: Output of GSM Module When Left Accident Occurs

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RIGHT ACCIDENT: When our vehicle experiences an impact from another vehicle on the
right side, it is categorized as a right-side accident.

Fig 6: Output of GSM Module When Right Accident Occurs

Figure 6 illustrates the output message that will be sent by the GSM Modem to the registered
contact numbers when a right-side accident occurs.

BACK ACCIDENT: When our vehicle experiences an impact from another vehicle from the
rear, it is classified as a rear or back accident.

Fig 7: Output of GSM Module When Back Accident Occurs

Figure 7 illustrates the output message that will be sent by the GSM Modem to the registered
contact numbers when a rear accident occurs. In the event of an accident, categorized into one
of the four types previously specified, if the driver fails to press the reset button within the
designated time frame, the accident is considered critical. Subsequently, an alert message will
be promptly dispatched to the family members.

V. CONCLUSION:

The surge in vehicle ownership has also heightened the risks of traffic accidents, posing
significant threats to people's lives. The inadequate availability of emergency services further
exacerbates this issue in our country. To mitigate the occurrence of accidents, we have devised
a system aimed at alerting the family members of individuals involved in accidents. This
system employs a GSM module to transmit alert messages, coupled with a GPS modem that
continuously tracks and relays the latitude and longitude coordinates of the accident location.
Additionally, we have integrated a ADXL335 Accelerometer, which detects changes in axes
upon impact with another vehicle. By monitoring the values of the X and Y axes, the ADXL335
Accelerometer can discern the type of accident that has occurred.

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