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Decison Maths

This document is an examination paper for the Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level in Decision Mathematics D1, scheduled for January 15, 2025. It contains instructions for candidates, details on allowed materials, and a series of mathematical problems covering topics such as bin packing, shortest path algorithms, linear programming, and project management. The total marks for the paper are 75, and candidates are required to provide detailed workings for their answers.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

12 views392 pages

Decison Maths

Uploaded by

C.C. Wassef

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 392

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Wednesday 15 January 2025

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae
stored in them.
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfColoured
pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.
• and
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name, centre number
candidate number.
• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
• clearly
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
labelled.
• Answer the questions in the D1 answer book provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
• There are 8 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath. Turn over

P76012A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
H:1/1/1/1/
*P76012A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.
1. The following list of eleven numbers is to be packed into bins of size 55

26 19 31 10 14 30 33 18 3 28 5

(a) Use the first‑fit bin packing algorithm to pack the numbers into bins of size 55
(3)
(b) Use quick sort to sort the list into descending order, showing the result after each
pass. You must clearly identify the pivots used.
(4)
(c) Apply the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to pack the numbers into bins
of size 55
(2)
(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)

2 P76012A

2.

B 147 F

91 84 203
70
77 56

182 E 133 84
A C
G J

98 84
56 175 42 224

D 154 H

Figure 1

[The total weight of the network is 1960 m]

The network shown in Figure 1 represents the paths between nine attractions in a
theme park.
The number on each edge is the length, in metres, of the corresponding path.
(a) (i) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to J.
(ii) State the length of the shortest path from A to J in metres.
(6)
Sarita needs to inspect the paths between the attractions. She must travel along each
path at least once.
Sarita decides to start and finish her inspection route at A. She wishes to minimise the
length of her route.
(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of Sarita’s route.
(4)
Sarita now decides to start her inspection route at A, but finish at a different attraction.
She must still minimise the length of her route and travel along each path at least once.
(c) (i) Determine where Sarita should finish her route. You must justify your answer.
(ii) Calculate the difference between the lengths of the two inspection routes.
(3)
(Total for Question 2 is 13 marks)

P76012A 3
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3.

Start

Input a, b

Let c = ab

a
Let d = a
b

Let e = INT(d)

Let f = be

Let g = a – f

Is Yes c
g = 0? Let h = c
b

No
Output h
Let a = b

Stop
Let b = g

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows the flowchart for an algorithm.

The input for the algorithm is two positive integers.
The function INT(X) is the largest integer less than or equal to X
(a) Complete the table in the answer book, with a = 1980 and b = 462, showing the
results at each step of the algorithm.
(4)
(b) Explain how the output, h, relates to the inputs, a and b
(1)
(Total for Question 3 is 5 marks)

4 P76012A

4.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A ‑
B ‑
C ‑
D A
E A, B, C
F A, B, C
G C
H D, E, F
I F
J F, G
K F, G

(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table above, using activity on
arc and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)
Given that
• activity D has a duration of 2 hours
• activity I has a duration of 2 hours
• every other activity has a duration of 1 hour
• D and I are critical activities
(b) determine which other activities are critical.
(1)
(Total for Question 4 is 6 marks)

P76012A 5
 Turn over
5. A manufacturer makes three flavours of ice cream, vanilla, strawberry and chocolate.
All flavours are supplied in the same size tubs.
The profit from selling each tub of vanilla ice cream is £1.50, each tub of strawberry
ice cream is £2.00 and each tub of chocolate ice cream is £1.80
The manufacturer wishes to maximise their profit.
This needs to be formulated as a linear programming problem.
Let x be the number of tubs of vanilla ice cream made.
Let y be the number of tubs of strawberry ice cream made.
Let z be the number of tubs of chocolate ice cream made.
(a) State the objective, giving the objective function in terms of x, y and z
(2)
There are sufficient ingredients to make 400 tubs of vanilla ice cream or 240 tubs of
strawberry ice cream or 300 tubs of chocolate ice cream.
(b) Show that this constraint can be written as

3x + 5y + 4z  1200
(2)
The manufacturer must also meet the following three conditions
• at least 40% of the total ice cream made must be vanilla
• at most 25% of the total ice cream made must be strawberry
• for every 2 tubs of strawberry ice cream made, the manufacturer must make at least
3 tubs of chocolate ice cream
(c) Use this information to form three further constraints, giving these as simplified
inequalities with integer coefficients.
(3)
(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)

6 P76012A

6.
A B C D E F G H J K
A ‑ 16 26 19 22 34 30 41 45 36
B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
E 22 38 39 33 ‑ 15 8 33 20 29
F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑

(a) Explain the difference between the classical Travelling Salesman Problem and the
practical Travelling Salesman Problem.
(2)
The table shows the shortest distances, in miles, between ten towns, A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, J and K.
Kenzo must visit each town at least once, starting and finishing at A. Kenzo wishes to
minimise the total distance travelled.
(b) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to obtain a minimum spanning tree for the
network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of your tree.
(3)
(c) Use your answer to part (b) to determine an initial upper bound for the length of
Kenzo’s route.
(1)
(d) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at A, to find another upper bound for
the length of Kenzo’s route. Write down the route that gives this upper bound.
(3)
Using the answer to part (d), and given that the length of the nearest neighbour route
starting at G is 145 miles,
(e) state which of these two nearest neighbour routes gives the better upper bound.
Give a reason for your answer.
(1)
(f) By deleting A and all of its arcs, obtain a lower bound for the length of
Kenzo’s route.
(2)
(g) State the smallest interval that must contain the optimal length of Kenzo’s route.
(1)
(Total for Question 6 is 13 marks)

P76012A 7
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7.

D(17)
2 7

A(8) E(5) N(11)

L(5)
I(10)
B(6) F(9) P(9)
1 3 5 8 11
J(11)

C(7) M(4) Q(12)

G(8)
4 6 9 10
H(6) K(12) R(10)

Figure 3

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 3. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the activity. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The project is to be
completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) Explain the purpose of the dummy between event 10 and event 11
(1)
(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late
event times.
(4)
(c) State the critical activities.
(1)
(d) Calculate the maximum number of days by which activity K could be delayed
without lengthening the completion time of the project. You must make the numbers
used in your calculation clear.
(2)
(e) Draw a Gantt (cascade) chart on the grid in the answer book.
(4)
(f) Use the Gantt chart to determine a lower bound for the minimum number of workers
required to complete the project in the minimum time. You must make specific
reference to the number of workers, activities and times.
(2)
(Total for Question 7 is 14 marks)

8 P76012A

8.

y
y = 3x + 4
4x + y = 64

2x + 5y = 100
R

x + 2y = 24
ob
jec
tiv
el
ine

O x

Figure 4

Figure 4 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y

The unshaded area, including its boundaries, forms the feasible region R
An objective line has been drawn and labelled on the graph.
(a) State the four inequalities that define the feasible region.
(2)
628
The maximum value of the objective function is
9
260
The minimum value of the objective function is
7
(b) Determine the objective function, showing your working clearly.
(5)
The practical solution to the linear programming problem requires integer values.
(c) State the minimum integer solution for this problem.
(1)
(Total for Question 8 is 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

P76012A 9
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12 P76012A
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Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Wednesday 15 January 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

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©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
H:1/1/1/1/
*P76012A0120*
1.

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(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)

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2. (a)

4
B 147 F

91 84
70 77
56 203

A C E 133 G 84 J

182

98 84
56 42 224
175
Key:

D H Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value
154
Working values

*P76012A0420*
(i) Shortest path from A to J:_________________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Length of shortest path from A to J: ��

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 *P76012A0520* Turn over
Question 2 continued
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6
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3. You may not need all the rows in this table.

a b c d e f g h
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(Total for Question 3 is 5 marks)

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5.
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A B C D E F G H J K

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A ‑ 16 26 19 22 34 30 41 45 36
B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
E 22 38 39 33 ‑ 15 8 33 20 29
F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑

12
*P76012A01220* 
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A B C D E F G H J K
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A ‑ 16 26 19 22 34 30 41 45 36
B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
E 22 38 39 33 ‑ 15 8 33 20 29
F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑

13
 *P76012A01320* Turn over
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A B C D E F G H J K

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*P76012A01420* 
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15
 *P76012A01520* Turn over
7.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Key:
Early
D(17) event
time
Late
event
A(8) E(5) L(5) N(11) time
I(10)

B(6) F(9) P(9)

J(11)

C(7) G(8) M(4)

Q(12)

H(6) K(12) R(10)

Diagram 1

16
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
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y = 3x + 4
4x + y = 64

2x + 5y = 100
R

x + 2y = 24
ob
jec
tiv
el
ine

O x

Figure 4
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(Total for Question 8 is 8 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

20
*P76012A02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Thursday 16 May 2024
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae
stored in them.

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• Colouredispencils
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
and highlighter pens must not be used.
• and
Fill in the boxes on the top of the answer book with your name, centre number
candidate number.
• clearly
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
labelled.
• Answer the questions in the D1 answer book provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree
of accuracy.
• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Information
• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
• – use this asfora guide
The marks each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over

P74306A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/
*P74306A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.
1.

5.2 4.7 6.5 4.5 3.1 5.1 1.8 2.9 3.4 3.8 1.2

(a) Use the first‑fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the eleven numbers listed
above can be packed into bins of size 14
(3)
(b) The list of numbers is to be sorted into ascending order. Use a quick sort to
obtain the sorted list. You should show the result of each pass and identify your
pivots clearly.
(4)
(c) Apply the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to the sorted list to pack the
numbers into bins of size 14
(3)
(d) Explain why the number of bins used in part (c) is optimal.
(1)
(e) Use the binary search algorithm to try to locate 3.0 in the list of numbers.
Clearly indicate how you choose your pivots and which part of the list is rejected at
each stage.
(3)
(Total for Question 1 is 14 marks)

2 P74306A

2.
G(2)

D(4)
H(4) L(3)
F(3)

E(3)
A(5) I(6) M(2)
B(4)

J(7)
N(2)

C(7)

K(7)
Figure 1

[The sum of the durations of all the activities is 59 days.]

The network in Figure 1 shows the activities that need to be undertaken to complete
a project. Each activity is represented by an arc and the duration, in days, of the
corresponding activity is shown in brackets. Each activity requires one worker.
The project is to be completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) (i) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the
late event times.
(ii) State the minimum completion time of the project.
(5)
(b) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project
in the minimum time. You must show your working.
(1)
(c) Schedule the activities using the minimum number of workers so that the project is
completed in the minimum time.
(4)
(Total for Question 2 is 10 marks)

P74306A 3
 Turn over
3.
C 61 E 9 H

18
10 40 7
13

A 52 30
J
D

38 51
27 8

20
59
B 34 13

F 5 G
Figure 2
Figure 2 models a network of tracks between nine ranger stations,
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J, in a forest. The number on each edge gives the time, in
minutes, to travel along the corresponding track. The forest ranger wishes to travel from
A to J as quickly as possible.
(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest time needed to travel from A to J.
State the quickest route.
(6)
(b) Hence determine the weight of the minimum spanning tree for the network given in
Figure 2. Give a reason for your answer.
You do not need to find the minimum spanning tree.

(2)
(Total for Question 3 is 8 marks)

4 P74306A
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BLANK PAGE

P74306A 5
 Turn over
4.
J

A 15 B
19
36
15 65
7
24
E 23 84
39 H
C
13
56
10 G
40
D 17 F
Figure 3

[The total weight of the network is 494]

Direct roads between nine factories, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J, are represented in
Figure 3.
The number on each arc represents the lengths, in kilometres, of the corresponding road.
The table below shows the shortest distances, in kilometres, between the nine factories.

A B C D E F G H J
A ‑ 15 7 25 15 42 64 51 46
B 15 ‑ 22 40 30 57 49 36 31
C 7 22 ‑ 32 22 49 71 58 53
D 25 40 32 ‑ 10 17 57 70 71
E 15 30 22 10 ‑ 27 67 66 61
F 42 57 49 17 27 ‑ 40 53 72
G 64 49 71 57 67 40 ‑ 13 32
H 51 36 58 70 66 53 13 ‑ 19
J 46 31 53 71 61 72 32 19 ‑

Table of shortest distances

(a) Starting at A, use Prim’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree for the table of
shortest distances. You must state the order in which you select the arcs of your tree.
(3)
(b) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(1)

6 P74306A

A route is needed that minimises the total distance to traverse each road at least once.
The route must start at E and finish at F.
(c) Determine the length of this route. You must give a reason for your answer.
(2)
It is now decided to start the route at C and finish the route at A. The route must include
every road at least once and must still minimise the total distance travelled.
(d) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the roads that need to be
traversed twice.
(4)
Naoko needs to visit all nine factories, starting and finishing at the same factory, and
wishes to minimise the total distance travelled.
(e) Starting at B, use the nearest neighbour algorithm on the table of shortest distances
to find an upper bound for the length of Naoko’s route. Write down the cycle,
obtained from the table of shortest distances, which gives this upper bound.
(2)
(f) By deleting C and all of its arcs, use the values in the table of shortest distances to
find a lower bound for the length of Naoko’s route.
(2)
(Total for Question 4 is 14 marks)

P74306A 7
 Turn over
5. The head of a Mathematics department needs to order three types of paper. The three
types of paper are plain, lined and graph.
All three types of paper are sold in reams. (A ream is 500 sheets of paper.)
Based on the last academic year the head of department formed the
following constraints.
• At least half the paper must be lined
• No more than 15% of the paper must be graph paper
• The ratio of plain paper to graph paper must be 5 : 2
The cost of each ream of plain, lined and graph paper is £5, £12 and £15 respectively.
The head of department has at most £834 to spend on paper.
The head of department wants to maximise the total number of reams of paper ordered.
Let x, y and z represent the number of reams of plain paper, lined paper and graph paper
ordered respectively.
(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem in x and y only,
stating the objective and listing the constraints as simplified inequalities with
integer coefficients.
(7)
The head of department decides to order exactly 42 reams of lined paper and still wishes
to maximise the total number of reams of paper ordered.
(b) Determine
(i) the total number of reams of paper to be ordered,
(ii) the number of reams of graph paper to be ordered.
(3)
(Total for Question 5 is 10 marks)

8 P74306A
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BLANK PAGE

P74306A 9
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6.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A ‑
B ‑
C A
D ‑
E A, B, D
F D
G A, B, D
H F, G
I A
J F, G
K C, E, H, I
L I
M C, E, H, I

(a) Draw the activity network for the project described in the precedence table, using
activity on arc and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
B G H M
A
D
C
E
F
I
J
K

Grid 1

10 P74306A

A cascade chart for all the activities of the project, except activity L, is shown on
Grid 1.
The time taken to complete each activity is given in hours and each activity requires
one worker.
The project is to be completed in the minimum time using as few workers as possible.
(b) State the critical activities of the project.
(1)
(c) Use the cascade chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to
complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference
to time and activities. (You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
(2)
The duration of activity L is x hours. Given that the total float of activity L is at most
7 hours,
(d) determine the range of possible values for x.
(2)
(Total for Question 6 is 10 marks)

P74306A 11
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7.
y

A
R –2x + 5y = 15

O 2x + y = 15 2x + y = 27 x

Figure 4
Figure 4 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y, where R is
the feasible region.
The equations of three of the lines, and the four intersection points, A, B, C and D,
are shown.
 9 21  27 27 
The four vertices of R are A ,  , B (5, 5) , C (10, 7) and D  ,  .
 4 2   4 2 

(a) Determine the inequalities that define R.

(4)
The objective function, P, is given by

P = 2x + ky
where k is a positive constant.
Given that the minimum value of P is at least half of the maximum value of P,
(b) determine the range of possible values of k.
(5)
(Total for Question 7 is 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

12 P74306A

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Thursday 16 May 2024
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

P74306A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/
*P74306A0120*
1.
5.2 4.7 6.5 4.5 3.1 5.1 1.8 2.9 3.4 3.8 1.2
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2.

Key:

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G(2)

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Early
event D(4)
time
Late H(4) L(3)
event F(3)
time E(3)

I(6) M(2)
A(5)
B(4)

J(7)
N(2)

C(7)

K(7)

Diagram 1
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

(Total for Question 2 is 10 marks)

7
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3.

8
C 61 E 9 H

40 18
10
13
7
8

A 52 D 30 J

27 38

20 34 59
B 13

Key: 9
F G
Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value 5

*P74306A0820*
Working values

Shortest time to travel from A to J: ��

Quickest route from A to J:��


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4.

A B C D E F G H J

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A ‑ 15 7 25 15 42 64 51 46
B 15 ‑ 22 40 30 57 49 36 31
C 7 22 ‑ 32 22 49 71 58 53
D 25 40 32 ‑ 10 17 57 70 71
E 15 30 22 10 ‑ 27 67 66 61
F 42 57 49 17 27 ‑ 40 53 72
G 64 49 71 57 67 40 ‑ 13 32
H 51 36 58 70 66 53 13 ‑ 19
J 46 31 53 71 61 72 32 19 ‑

10
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A B C D E F G H J
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A ‑ 15 7 25 15 42 64 51 46
B 15 ‑ 22 40 30 57 49 36 31
C 7 22 ‑ 32 22 49 71 58 53
D 25 40 32 ‑ 10 17 57 70 71
E 15 30 22 10 ‑ 27 67 66 61
F 42 57 49 17 27 ‑ 40 53 72
G 64 49 71 57 67 40 ‑ 13 32
H 51 36 58 70 66 53 13 ‑ 19
J 46 31 53 71 61 72 32 19 ‑

11
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Question 4 continued

A B C D E F G H J

12
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5.
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*P74306A01620*
16
6.
Question 6 continued
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7.

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D

A
R –2x + 5y = 15

O 2x + y = 15 2x + y = 27 x

18
*P74306A01820* 
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TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

20
*P74306A02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Wednesday 10 January 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical
formulae stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
Coloured pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.
• Fill in the boxes on the top of the answer book with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the D1 answer book provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers without
working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer and
any working underneath.

Turn over

P73481A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
S:1/1/1/1/
*P73481A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1.
D(5)

E(2)
L(12)
A(4)

B(3) G(5) J(6)

C(7) F(6)
H(6) K(5)

I(6)

Figure 1

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 1. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in hours, to
complete the corresponding activity. Each activity requires one worker. The project is to
be completed in the shortest possible time using as few workers as possible.
(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late
event times.
(4)
(b) Calculate the total float for activity D. You must make the numbers used in your
calculation clear.
(1)
(c) Calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of workers required to complete
the project in the shortest possible time. You must show your working.
(2)
(d) Draw a cascade chart for this project on Grid 1 in the answer book.
(4)
(e) Use your cascade chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to
complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference
to time and activities. (You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
(2)

(Total for Question 1 is 13 marks)

2 P73481A

2.
A B C D E F G H
A – 34 29 35 28 30 37 38
B 34 – 32 28 39 40 32 39
C 29 32 – 27 33 39 34 31
D 35 28 27 – 35 38 41 36
E 28 39 33 35 – 36 33 40
F 30 40 39 38 36 – 34 39
G 37 32 34 41 33 34 – 35
H 38 39 31 36 40 39 35 –

Table 1
Table 1 represents a network that shows the travel times, in minutes, between eight
towns, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.
(a) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to find the minimum spanning tree for this
network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the edges of your tree.
(3)
(b) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(1)

A B C D E F G H
J 33 37 41 35 x 40 28 42

Table 2
Table 2 shows the travel times, in minutes, between town J and towns A, B, C, D, E, F,
G and H.
The journey time between towns E and J is x minutes where x > 28
A salesperson needs to visit all of the nine towns, starting and finishing at J.
The salesperson wishes to minimise the total time spent travelling.
(c) Starting at J, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to find an upper bound for
the duration of the salesperson’s route. Write down the route that gives this
upper bound.
(2)
Using the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at E, an upper bound of 291 minutes for
the salesperson’s route was found.
(d) State the best upper bound that can be obtained by using this information and your
answer to (c). Give the reason for your answer.
(1)
Starting by deleting J and all of its arcs, a lower bound of 264 minutes for the duration
of the salesperson’s route was found.
(e) Determine the value of x. You must make your method and working clear.
(3)
(Total for Question 2 is 10 marks)

P73481A 3
 Turn over
3.
B 28 E
47
H

17 8 38
20 5
28 C 25 F 40
A J

10 12
39 55 11 18
20

D 37 G

Figure 2

[The total weight of the network is 458]

Figure 2 represents a network of roads between nine towns, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J.

The number on each edge represents the length, in kilometres, of the corresponding road.
(a) (i) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to J.
(ii) State the length of the shortest path from A to J.
(6)
The roads between the towns must be inspected. Claude must travel along each road at
least once. Claude will start the inspection route at A and finish at J. Claude wishes to
minimise the length of the inspection route.
(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of Claude’s route.
State the arcs that will need to be traversed twice.
(5)
If Claude does not start the inspection route at A and finish at J, a shorter inspection
route is possible.
(c) Determine the two towns at which Claude should start and finish so that the
route has minimum length. Give a reason for your answer and state the length of
this route.
(3)

(Total for Question 3 is 14 marks)

4 P73481A

4.
Activity Immediately preceding activities
A –
B –
C A, B
D A, B
E B
F C, D, E
G F
H B
I F
J F
K G
L G, H, I, J
M G, I

(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table, using activity on arc
and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)
(b) Given that
• the activity network contains only one critical path
• activity E is on this critical path
state
(i) which activities could never be critical,
(ii) which activities must be critical.
(2)

(Total for Question 4 is 7 marks)

P73481A 5
 Turn over
5.
y

A
ob
4 jec
tiv
e li
ne
4.5 x

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y.

The unshaded area, including its boundaries, forms the feasible region, R.
The four vertices of R are A(6, 8), B(13, 12), C(9, 22) and D(5, 18).
An objective line has been drawn and labelled on the graph.
When the objective function, P, is maximised, the value of P is 540
When the objective function, P, is minimised, the value of P is k
Determine the value of k. You must make your method and working clear.
(You may assume that the objective function, P, takes the form ax + by where a and b
are constants.)

(Total for Question 5 is 5 marks)

6 P73481A

6. The twelve numbers in the list below are to be packed into bins of size n, where n is a
positive integer.
28 31 5 25 16 35 18 22 11 27 15 13
When the first‑fit bin packing algorithm is applied to the list, the following allocation
is obtained.
Bin 1: 28 31 5
Bin 2: 25 16 18 11
Bin 3: 35 22 15
Bin 4: 27 13
(a) Based on the packing shown above, determine the possible values of n. You must
give reasons for your answer.
(3)
(b) The original list of twelve numbers is to be sorted into ascending order. Use a quick
sort to obtain the sorted list. You should show the result of each pass and identify
your pivots clearly.
(4)
When the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm is applied to the list, the following
allocation is obtained.
Bin 1: 35 31 5
Bin 2: 28 27 16
Bin 3: 25 22 18
Bin 4: 15 13 11
(c) Determine the value of n. You must give a reason for your answer.
(2)

(Total for Question 6 is 9 marks)

P73481A 7
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7. A farmer has 100 acres of land available that can be used for planting three crops: A, B
and C.
It takes 2 hours to plant each acre of crop A, 1.5 hours to plant each acre of crop B
and 45 minutes to plant each acre of crop C. The farmer has 138 hours available
for planting.
At least one quarter of the total crops planted must be crop A.
For every three acres of crop B planted, at most five acres of crop C will be planted.
The farmer expects a profit of £160 for each acre of crop A planted, £75 for each acre of
crop B planted and £125 for each acre of crop C planted.
The farmer wishes to maximise the profit from planting these three crops.
Let x, y and z represent the number of acres of land used for planting crop A, crop B,
and crop C respectively.
(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem. State the objective,
and list the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.
(6)
The farmer decides that all 100 acres of available land will be used for planting the
three crops.
(b) Explain why the maximum total profit is achieved when –7x + 10y is minimised.
(2)
The farmer’s decision to use all 100 acres reduces the constraints of the problem to
the following:

x  25

3x + 8y  300

x + y  100

5x + 3y  252

y  0

(c) Represent these constraints on Diagram 1 in the answer book. Hence determine, and
label, the feasible region, R.
(4)
(d) (i) Determine the exact coordinates of each of the vertices of R.
(ii) Apply the vertex method to determine how the 100 acres should be used for
planting the three crops.
(iii) Hence find the corresponding maximum expected profit.
(5)

(Total for Question 7 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

8 P73481A

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Wednesday 10 January 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P73481A0120*
P73481A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.

S:1/1/1/1/
1.
D(5)

E(2) L(12)
A(4)

B(3) G(5) J(6)

Key:
F(6)
C(7) early
H(6) K(5) event
time
late
event
I(6) time

Diagram 1

2
*P73481A0220* 
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

(Total for Question 1 is 13 marks)

3
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2.
A B C D E F G H
A – 34 29 35 28 30 37 38
B 34 – 32 28 39 40 32 39
C 29 32 – 27 33 39 34 31
D 35 28 27 – 35 38 41 36
E 28 39 33 35 – 36 33 40
F 30 40 39 38 36 – 34 39
G 37 32 34 41 33 34 – 35
H 38 39 31 36 40 39 35 –

4
*P73481A0420* 
Question 2 continued
A B C D E F G H
A – 34 29 35 28 30 37 38
B 34 – 32 28 39 40 32 39
C 29 32 – 27 33 39 34 31
D 35 28 27 – 35 38 41 36
E 28 39 33 35 – 36 33 40
F 30 40 39 38 36 – 34 39
G 37 32 34 41 33 34 – 35
H 38 39 31 36 40 39 35 –

(Total for Question 2 is 10 marks)

5
 *P73481A0520* Turn over
3.

6
B 28 E
47
H

17 38
8
20
5

C
A 28 25 F 40 J

10 12 11
39 55 18
20

D G

*P73481A0620*
37
Key:

Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value
Shortest path from A to J: __________________________________________________
Working values
Length of shortest path from A to J: __________________________________________


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7
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8
*P73481A0820* 
Question 3 continued
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(Total for Question 3 is 14 marks)

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 *P73481A0920* Turn over
4.

10
*P73481A01020* 
Question 4 continued

Only use this blank space if you need to redraw your activity network.

(Total for Question 4 is 7 marks)

11
 *P73481A01120* Turn over
5.
y

A
ob
4 jec
tiv
e li
ne
4.5 x
Figure 3
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*P73481A01220* 
Question 5 continued
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(Total for Question 5 is 5 marks)

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6.
28 31 5 25 16 35 18 22 11 27 15 13

14
*P73481A01420* 
Question 6 continued
28 31 5 25 16 35 18 22 11 27 15 13

(Total for Question 6 is 9 marks)

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*P73481A01620* 
Question 7 continued
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Diagram 1 is on page 18

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Question 7 continued

y
110

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 x

Diagram 1

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Question 7 continued
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(Total for Question 7 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

20
*P73481A02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Friday 2 June 2023
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by Pearson regulations. Calculators

must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation, differentiation and
integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
Coloured pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.
• centre
Fill in the boxes on the top of the answer book with your name,
number and candidate number.
•• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the D1 answer book provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers without
working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 8 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

P74307A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/
*P74307A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.
1.

E(5) I(2)

A(5) F(6) N(3)

D(4)
B(7)
J(7) K(5) P(6)

G(2)
C(6) Q(5)
L(4)

H(4) M(8)

Figure 1

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 1. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days,
to complete the activity. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The project is to be
completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late
event times.
(4)
(b) Calculate the maximum number of days by which activity H could be delayed
without lengthening the completion time of the project. You must make the numbers
used in your calculation clear.
(1)
(c) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project
in the minimum time. You must show your working.
(2)
(d) Schedule the activities on Grid 1 in the answer book, using the minimum number of
workers, so that the project is completed in the minimum time.
(3)
(Total for Question 1 is 10 marks)

2 P74307A

2. A list of eleven numbers is to be sorted into descending order.
After one pass, the quick sort algorithm produces the following list

17 33 14 25 23 28 21 13 9 6 10

(a) State, with a reason, which number was used as a pivot for the first pass.
(1)
(b) Starting at the left-hand end of the above list, obtain the fully sorted list using a
bubble sort. You need to write down only the list that results at the end of each pass.
(3)
(c) Apply the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to the fully sorted list to pack
the numbers into bins of size 85
(2)
(Total for Question 2 is 6 marks)

P74307A 3
 Turn over
3. In this question, the function INT(X ) is the largest integer less than or equal to X.
For example,

INT(5.7) = 5

INT(8) = 8

INT(–2.3) = –3
Consider the following algorithm.
Step 1 Input N
Step 2 Calculate A = N ÷ 10
Step 3 Let B = INT(A)
Step 4 Calculate C = B × 10
Step 5 Calculate D = N – C
Step 6 Output D
Step 7 Replace N by B
Step 8 If N = 0 then STOP, otherwise go back to Step 2
(a) Complete the table in the answer book, using N = 4217, to show the results obtained
at each step of the algorithm.
(4)
(b) Explain how the output values of the algorithm relate to the original input N,
where N is any positive integer.
(2)
(Total for Question 3 is 6 marks)

4 P74307A

4.
y
y = 2x
14

10
R

3x + y = 30

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y, where R is
the feasible region. The equations of two of the lines are shown on the graph.
(a) Determine the inequalities that define the feasible region.
(3)
(b) Find the exact coordinates of the vertices of the feasible region.
(3)
The objective is to maximise P, where P = 2x + ky
(c) For the case k = 3, use the point testing method to find the optimal vertex of the
feasible region and state the corresponding value of P.
(3)
(d) Determine the range of values for k for which the optimal vertex found in (c) is
still optimal.
(2)
(Total for Question 4 is 11 marks)

P74307A 5
 Turn over
5.
Activity Immediately preceding activities

A -

B -

C -

D A

E A

F B, C, E

G B, C, E

H C

I C

J D, F, G, H, I

K D, F, G, H, I

L I

(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table above, using activity on
arc and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)
A project is modelled by the activity network drawn in (a). Each activity requires
exactly one worker. The project is to be completed in the shortest possible time.
The table below gives the time, in hours, to complete three of the activities.

Activity Duration (in hours)

A 10

E 7

F 8

The length of the critical path AEFK is 33 hours.

(b) Determine the range of possible values for the duration of activity J. You must make
your method and working clear.
(2)
(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)

6 P74307A

6.
6
B 27 E 33
J

11 29 5 40
12

25 C 10
A 23
F
8
13 22 15

D 34 G 2 H

Figure 3

[The total weight of the network is 315]

Figure 3 represents a network of roads between nine parks, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J.
The number on each edge represents the length, in miles, of the corresponding road.
(a) (i) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to J.
(ii) State the length of the shortest path from A to J.
(6)
The roads between the parks need to be inspected. Robin must travel along each road at
least once. Robin wishes to minimise the length of the inspection route. Robin will start
the inspection route at C and finish at E.
(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of Robin’s route.
(4)
(c) State the number of times Robin will pass through G.
(1)
It is now decided to start and finish the inspection route at A. Robin must still minimise
the length of the route and travel along each road at least once.
(d) Calculate the difference between the lengths of the two inspection routes.
(1)
(e) State the edges that need to be traversed twice in the route that starts and finishes at
A, but do not need to be traversed twice in the route that starts at C and finishes
at E.
(1)
(Total for Question 6 is 13 marks)

P74307A 7
 Turn over
7.

A B C D E F G H
A – 38 37 x 37 42 41 27
B 38 – 26 32 33 38 37 34
C 37 26 – 39 38 39 30 39
D x 32 39 – 37 36 29 36
E 37 33 38 37 – 32 33 30
F 42 38 39 36 32 – 31 28
G 41 37 30 29 33 31 – 33
H 27 34 39 36 30 28 33 –

The network represented by the table shows the least distances, in km, between eight
museums, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.
A tourist wants to visit each museum at least once, starting and finishing at A. The
tourist wishes to minimise the total distance travelled. The shortest distance between A
and D is x km where 32  x  35
(a) Using Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, obtain a minimum spanning tree for the
network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of your tree.
(3)
(b) Use your answer to (a) to determine an initial upper bound for the length of the
tourist’s route.
(1)
(c) Starting at A, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to find another upper bound for
the length of the tourist’s route. Write down the route that gives this upper bound.
(2)
The nearest neighbour algorithm starting at E gives a route of

E–H–A–D–G–C–B–F–E

(d) State which of these two nearest neighbour routes gives the better upper bound.
Give reasons for your answer.
(2)
Starting by deleting A, and all of its arcs, a lower bound of 235 km for the length of the
route is found.
(e) Determine the smallest interval that must contain the optimal length of the tourist’s
route. You must make your method and working clear.
(4)
(Total for Question 7 is 12 marks)

8 P74307A

8. A headteacher is deciding how to allocate prizes to the students who are leaving at the
end of the school year.
There are three categories of prize: academic, sport, and leadership.
• Each academic prize costs £14, each sport prize costs £8, and each leadership prize
costs £12. The total amount available to spend on all prizes is £976
• For every 5 academic prizes there must be at least 2 leadership prizes
• At least half the prizes must be academic
• 20% of the prizes must be for sport
The headteacher wishes to maximise the total number of prizes.
Let x, y and z represent the number of academic, sport and leadership
prizes respectively.
(a) Formulate this as a linear programming problem in x and y only, stating
the objective and listing the constraints as simplified inequalities with
integer coefficients.
(8)
Given that the headteacher awards 16 sport prizes,
(b) calculate the corresponding number of leadership prizes that the headteacher awards.
You must show your working.
(2)
(Total for Question 8 is 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

P74307A 9
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10 P74307A
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BLANK PAGE

P74307A 11

BLANK PAGE

12 P74307A

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Friday 2 June 2023
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

P74307A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/
*P74307A0120*
1.
Key:
E(5) I(2)

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Early

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event
time
Late
event
A(5) F(6) N(3) time
D(4)

B(7)
J(7) K(5) P(6)

G(2)
C(6) Q(5)
L(4)

H(4) M(8)

Diagram 1

2
*P74307A0220* 
Question 1 continued
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Grid 1
(Total for Question 1 is 10 marks)

3
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2. 17 33 14 25 23 28 21 13 9 6 10
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*P74307A0420* 
Question 2 continued
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5
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3. You may not need to use all the rows in this table.
It may not be necessary to complete all boxes in each row.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
N A B C D

Outputs: ______________________________________________________________________________

6
*P74307A0620* 
Question 3 continued
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4.
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8
*P74307A0820* 
Question 4 continued
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
*P74307A01020*
10
5.
Question 5 continued
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11
 *P74307A01120* Turn over
6.

12
6
B 27 E 33 J

11 29
5 40
12

A 25 C 10 F
23

8
22
13
15

D G H
34 2

Key:

*P74307A01220*
Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value

Working values

Shortest path: _________________________________________________________________________

Length of shortest path:_________________________________________________________________


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Question 6 continued
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13
 *P74307A01320* Turn over
Question 6 continued
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14
*P74307A01420* 
7.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

A B C D E F G H
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

A – 38 37 x 37 42 41 27
B 38 – 26 32 33 38 37 34
C 37 26 – 39 38 39 30 39
D x 32 39 – 37 36 29 36
E 37 33 38 37 – 32 33 30
F 42 38 39 36 32 – 31 28
G 41 37 30 29 33 31 – 33
H 27 34 39 36 30 28 33 –

15
 *P74307A01520* Turn over
Question 7 continued

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
A B C D E F G H

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
A – 38 37 x 37 42 41 27
B 38 – 26 32 33 38 37 34
C 37 26 – 39 38 39 30 39
D x 32 39 – 37 36 29 36
E 37 33 38 37 – 32 33 30
F 42 38 39 36 32 – 31 28
G 41 37 30 29 33 31 – 33
H 27 34 39 36 30 28 33 –

16
*P74307A01620* 
Question 7 continued
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

A B C D E F G H
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17
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8.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

18
*P74307A01820* 
Question 8 continued
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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19
 *P74307A01920* Turn over
Question 8 continued
_____________________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

20
*P74307A02020* 
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P63154A0120*
P63154A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

J:1/1/1/1/1/1/
1.

A B C D E F G
A – 43 52 47 59 53 55
B 43 – 59 45 46 52 47
C 52 59 – 51 50 55 51
D 47 45 51 – 52 49 55
E 59 46 50 52 – 57 48
F 53 52 55 49 57 – 55
G 55 47 51 55 48 55 –

2
*P63154A0220* 
Question 1 continued

A B C D E F G
A – 43 52 47 59 53 55
B 43 – 59 45 46 52 47
C 52 59 – 51 50 55 51
D 47 45 51 – 52 49 55
E 59 46 50 52 – 57 48
F 53 52 55 49 57 – 55
G 55 47 51 55 48 55 –

(Total for Question 1 is 7 marks)

3
 *P63154A0320* Turn over
2.

5 8
H C
13
17
3
B A 1 0
11
4
30

10 8
J G
5

D
16
8 1 3

21
F
30

Key:

Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value

Working values

Shortest path from A to J: _______________________________________________

Length of shortest path from A to J: _______________________________________

4
*P63154A0420* 
Question 2 continued
E
5 8
H C
13
17 3

4 A
11
B
30
8 10
G 8
J 5 16
3 D
1
21
30
F

Figure 1

[The total weight of the network is 193]

5
 *P63154A0520* Turn over
Question 2 continued
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6
*P63154A0620* 
Question 2 continued
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(Total for Question 2 is 16 marks)

7
 *P63154A0720* Turn over
3.

1.8 1.4 2.6 1.6 2.8 0.9 3.1 0.8 1.2 2.4 0.6

8
*P63154A0820* 
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*P63154A01020* 
Question 3 continued
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(Total for Question 3 is 13 marks)

11
 *P63154A01120* Turn over
4.

Immediately Immediately Immediately

Activity Activity Activity
preceded by preceded by preceded by
A – G M D, G
B – H N
C – I P
D A J Q
E C K D, G R
F C L D, G

Key: early
D(12) L(6)
event
time
M(6) late
A(9) G(11) event
K(7)
time
0 B(4) H(8) N(13)

0
I(12) P(7)
E(3) R(3)
C(9)

F(13) J(5) Q(5)

Diagram 1

12
*P63154A01220* 
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

Diagram 2

(Total for Question 4 is 13 marks)

13
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5.
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14
*P63154A01420* 
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C
G
E

A B
F

Diagram 1

(Total for Question 5 is 9 marks)

15
 *P63154A01520* Turn over
6.
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*P63154A01620* 
Question 6 continued

y
26

0
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Diagram 1

17
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*P63154A01820* 
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(Total for Question 6 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

20
*P63154A02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
 

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by Pearson regulations.

• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

*P63154A*
P63154A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

J:1/1/1/1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

A B C D E F G
A – 43 52 47 59 53 55
B 43 – 59 45 46 52 47
C 52 59 – 51 50 55 51
D 47 45 51 – 52 49 55
E 59 46 50 52 – 57 48
F 53 52 55 49 57 – 55
G 55 47 51 55 48 55 –

The table above shows the least distances, in metres, between seven classrooms, A, B,
C, D, E, F and G. A teacher needs to visit each classroom, starting and finishing at A,
and wishes to minimise the total distance travelled.
(a) Show that there are two nearest neighbour routes that start from A. State these routes
and their corresponding lengths.
(3)
(b) Starting by deleting A, and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the length of the
teacher’s route.
(3)
(c) Use your results to write down the smallest interval which you can be confident
contains the optimal length of the teacher’s route.
(1)

(Total for Question 1 is 7 marks)

2 P63154A

2.
E
5 8
H C
13
17 3

4 A
11
B
30
8 10
G 8
J 5 16
3 D
1
21
30
F

Figure 1

[The total weight of the network is 193]

Figure 1 represents a network of roads. The number on each edge represents the length,
in miles, of the corresponding road. Jan wishes to travel from A to J. She wishes to
minimise the distance she travels.
(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to J. Obtain the shortest
path and state its length.
(6)
On Monday, Jan needs to travel from her gym at J to her home at H via her office at A.
(b) State the shortest path from J to H via A and its length.
(2)
On Tuesday, Jan needs to check each road. She must travel along each road at least
once. Jan must start and finish at A.
(c) Use the route inspection algorithm to find the length of the shortest inspection
route. State the roads that should be repeated. You should make your method and
working clear.
(5)
On Wednesday, Jan decides to start her inspection route at G but can finish her route at
a different node. The inspection route must still traverse each road at least once.
(d) Determine where the route should finish so that the length of the inspection route is
minimised. You must give reasons for your answer and state the length of the route.
(3)

(Total for Question 2 is 16 marks)

P63154A 3
 Turn over
3.

1.8 1.4 2.6 1.6 2.8 0.9 3.1 0.8 1.2 2.4 0.6

(a) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed above
can be packed into bins of size 5
(3)
The list is to be sorted into descending order.
(b) (i) Perform one pass of a bubble sort, starting at the left-hand end of the list. You
must write down the list that results at the end of the first pass.
(ii) Write down the number of comparisons and the number of swaps performed
during the first pass.
(3)
After a second pass using this bubble sort, the updated list is

2.6 1.8 2.8 1.6 3.1 1.4 1.2 2.4 0.9 0.8 0.6

(c) Use a quick sort on this updated list to obtain the fully sorted list in descending
order. You must make your pivots clear.
(4)
(d) Apply the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to the fully sorted list to pack
the numbers into bins of size 5
(3)

(Total for Question 3 is 13 marks)

4 P63154A

4.
D(12) L(6)

A(9) G(11) K(7) M(6)

B(4) H(8) N(13)

I(12) P(7) R(3)

C(9) E(3)

F(13) J(5) Q(5)

Figure 2

[The sum of the durations of all the activities is 133 days]

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 2. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the activity. Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed
in the shortest possible time.
(a) Complete the precedence table in the answer book.
(2)
(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late
event times.
(4)
(c) State the critical activities.
(1)
(d) Calculate the total float for activity J. You must make the numbers you use in your
calculation clear.
(1)
(e) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project
in the minimum time. You must show your working.
(1)
Diagram 2 in the answer book shows a partly completed scheduling diagram for
this project.
(f) Complete the scheduling diagram, using the minimum number of workers, so that
the project is completed in the minimum time.
(4)

(Total for Question 4 is 13 marks)

P63154A 5
 Turn over
5.

20
18 24

C 23 G
16 29
28 E
A 19 21
17 27
B 21
26
F
17
21
19
25

Figure 3

(a) Explain why it is impossible to draw a graph with eight vertices in which the vertex
orders are 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 and 6
(1)
Figure 3 shows the network T. The numbers on the arcs represent the distances, in km,
between the eight vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.
(b) Determine whether or not A – C – D – E – C – B – F is an example of a path on T.
You must justify your answer.
(2)
(c) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to find the minimum spanning tree for T. You
must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of the tree.
(3)
(d) Draw the minimum spanning tree using the vertices given in Diagram 1 in the
answer book.
(1)
The weight of arc CF is now increased to a value of x. The minimum spanning tree for
T is unique and includes the same arcs as those found in (c).
(e) Write down the smallest interval that must contain x.
(2)

(Total for Question 5 is 9 marks)

6 P63154A

6. Martin is making three types of cake for a picnic. The three types of cake are carrot
cake, apple cake and chocolate cake. Along with other ingredients,
• each carrot cake contains 275 grams of flour, 300 grams of sugar and 5 eggs
• each apple cake contains 200 grams of flour, 400 grams of sugar and 2 eggs
• each chocolate cake contains 100 grams of flour, 400 grams of sugar and 3 eggs
If Martin makes only one type of cake then he has enough time to prepare 15 carrot
cakes or 20 apple cakes or 30 chocolate cakes.
Martin has 5.5 kilograms of flour and 70 eggs available and he has promised the picnic
organisers that he will make at least 18 cakes in total.
Martin plans to make a selection of these cakes and wants to minimise the total amount
of sugar that he uses.
Let x be the number of carrot cakes made, y the number of apple cakes made and z the
number of chocolate cakes made.
(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem. State the objective
and list the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.
(6)
A further constraint is that y = 2z
(b) Explain what this constraint means in the context of the question.
(1)
The constraint y = 2z reduces the problem to the following
Minimise P = 300x + 600y
subject to 11x + 10y  220

10x + 7y  140

x + y  15

2x + 3y  36

x  0, y  0
(c) Represent these constraints on Diagram 1 in the answer book. Hence determine,
and label, the feasible region, R.
(4)
(d) Use the objective line method to find the optimal number of each type of cake that
Martin should make, and the amount of sugar used.
(4)
(e) Determine how much flour and how many eggs Martin will have left over after
making the optimal number of cakes.
(2)
(Total for Question 6 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

P63154A 7

BLANK PAGE

8 P63154A

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
 

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae
stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book
provided.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

*P72458A*
P72458A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

Q:1/1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1. 175 135 210 105 100 150 60 20 70 125

The numbers in the list above represent the weights, in kilograms, of ten crates. The
crates are to be transported in trucks that can each hold a maximum total crate weight
of 300 kg.
(a) Calculate a lower bound for the number of trucks that will be needed to transport
the crates.
(2)
(b) Using the list provided, carry out a bubble sort to produce a list of the weights in
descending order. You need only give the state of the list after each pass.
(4)
(c) Use the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to allocate the crates to the trucks.
(3)

(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)

2 P72458A

2.
D(8) 13 I( y) L(4) 26

22 26
E(1)
A(4)
F(6) J(2)
0 B(5) K(5)
M(3)
0 9
N(x)
C(7) G(6)

H(9)

Figure 1

The network in Figure 1 shows the activities that need to be undertaken to complete a
project. Each activity is represented by an arc and the duration of the activity, in days,
is shown in brackets. The early event times and late event times are to be shown at each
vertex and some have been completed.
Given that
• CHN is the critical path for the project
• the total float on activity B is twice the duration of the total float on activity I
(a) find the value of x and show that the value of y is 7
(2)
(b) Calculate the missing early event times and late event times and hence complete
Diagram 1 in your answer book.
(3)
Each activity requires one worker, and the project must be completed in the shortest
possible time.
(c) Draw a cascade chart for this project on Grid 1 in your answer book, and use it to
determine the minimum number of workers needed to complete the project in the
shortest possible time. You must make specific reference to time and activities.
(6)

(Total for Question 2 is 11 marks)

P72458A 3
 Turn over
3.
S
34
B 48

10 6 Y
26
28
20
P 21
A 54
18 15
12 L

17 42
C
H 40
11
14

W 21 M

Figure 2

The network in Figure 2 shows the distances, in miles, between ten towns, A, B, C, H,
L, M, P, S, W and Y.
(a) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree for the network. You
should list the arcs in the order in which you consider them. In each case, state
whether you are adding the arc to your minimum spanning tree.
(3)

A B C H L M P S W Y
A – 6 18 15 54 29 16 26 29 74
B 6 – 22 21 60 35 10 32 33 80
C 18 22 – 17 59 31 12 44 11 80
H 15 21 17 – 42 14 29 41 28 63
L 54 60 59 42 – 40 70 28 61 21
M 29 35 31 14 40 – 43 55 21 61
P 16 10 12 29 70 43 – 42 23 90
S 26 32 44 41 28 55 42 – 55 48
W 29 33 11 28 61 21 23 55 – 82
Y 74 80 80 63 21 61 90 48 82 –
The table shows the shortest distances, in miles, between the ten towns.

4 P72458A

(b) Use Prim’s algorithm on the table, starting at A, to find the minimum spanning tree
for this network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of
your tree.
(3)
(c) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree found in (b).
(1)
Sharon needs to visit all of the towns, starting and finishing in the same town, and
wishes to minimise the total distance she travels.
(d) Use your answer to (c) to calculate an initial upper bound for the length of
Sharon’s route.
(1)
(e) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm on the table, starting at W, to find an upper
bound for the length of Sharon’s route. Write down the route which gives this
upper bound.
(2)
Using the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at Y, an upper bound of length 212 miles
was found.
(f) State the best upper bound that can be obtained by using this information and your
answers from (d) and (e). Give the reason for your answer.
(1)
(g) By deleting W and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the length of
Sharon’s route.
(2)
Sharon decides to take the route found in (e).
(h) Interpret this route in terms of the actual towns visited.
(1)

(Total for Question 3 is 14 marks)

P72458A 5
 Turn over
4. A linear programming problem in x, y and z is described as follows.
Maximise P = –x + y
subject to

x + 2y + z  15

3x – 4y + 2z  1

2x + y + z = 14

x  0, y  0, z  0

(a) (i) Eliminate z from the first two inequality constraints, simplifying your answers.
(ii) Hence state the maximum possible value of P
(4)
Given that P takes the maximum possible value found in (a)(ii),
(b) (i) determine the maximum possible value of x
(ii) Hence find a solution to the linear programming problem.
(3)

(Total for Question 4 is 7 marks)

6 P72458A

5. The precedence table shows the eleven activities required to complete a project.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C –
D A, B
E A, B
F B, C
G B, C
H D
I D, E, F, G
J H, I
K D, E, F

(a) Draw the activity network for the project, using activity on arc and the minimum
number of dummies.
(5)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

C F I J
A D H
B E G K

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows a schedule for the project. Each of the activities shown in the
precedence table requires one worker. The time taken to complete each activity is
in hours and the project is to be completed in the minimum possible time.
(b) (i) State the minimum completion time for the project.
(ii) State the critical activities.
(iii) State the total float on activity G and the total float on activity K.
(4)

(Total for Question 5 is 9 marks)

P72458A 7
 Turn over
6. 30
B G
E
21
21
x
34 10
8
35
43 H J
24 C
A

16 35
11 52
12

D 31 F

Figure 4
[The total weight of the network is 383 + x]

Figure 4 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the time,
in minutes, to travel along the corresponding road. The vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H and J represent nine towns. Ezra wishes to travel from A to H as fast as possible.
The time taken to travel between towns G and J is unknown and is denoted by
x minutes.
Dijkstra’s algorithm is to be used to find the fastest time to travel from A to H. On
Diagram 1 in the answer book the “Order of labelling” and “Final value” at A and J, and
the “Working values” at J, have already been completed.
(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the fastest time to travel from A to H. State the
quickest route.
(6)
Ezra needs to travel along each road to check it is in good repair. He wishes to minimise
the total time required to traverse the network. Ezra plans to start and finish his
inspection route at A. It is given that his route will take at least 440 minutes.
(b) Use the route inspection algorithm and the completed Diagram 1 to find the range of
possible values of x.
(6)
(c) Write down a possible route for Ezra.
(1)
A new direct road from D to H is under construction and will take 25 minutes to travel
along. Ezra will include this new road in a minimum length inspection route starting and
finishing at A. It is given that this inspection route takes exactly 488 minutes.
(d) Determine the value of x. You must give reasons for your answer.
(2)

(Total for Question 6 is 15 marks)

8 P72458A

7.
y

–x + 5y = 10
R C

4x + 8y = 65
O x

Figure 5

Figure 5 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y, where R is

the feasible region. The equations of two of the lines and the three intersection points, A,
 35 15 
B and C, are shown. The coordinates of C are  , 
 4 4

The objective function is P = x + 3y

When the objective is to maximise x + 3y , the value of P is 24
When the objective is to minimise x + 3y , the value of P is 10
(a) (i) Find the coordinates of A and B.
(ii) Determine the inequalities that define R.
(8)
An additional constraint, y  kx, where k is a positive constant, is added to the linear
programming problem.
(b) Determine the greatest value of k for which this additional constraint does not affect
the feasible region.
(2)

(Total for Question 7 is 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

P72458A 9
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10 P72458A
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P72458A 11
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12 P72458A

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P72458A0120*
P72458A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

Q:1/1/1/1/
1.
175 135 210 105 100 150 60 20 70 125
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*P72458A0220* 
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(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)

3
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2.
(a)___________________________________________________________________________________
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D(8) 13 I( y) L(4) 26

22 26
E(1)
A(4)
F(6) J(2)
0 K(5)
B(5) M(3)

0 9

N(x)
C(7)
G(6)
Key:
Early
event
H(9) time
Late
event
time

Diagram 1

4
*P72458A0420* 
Question 2 continued

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Grid 1

(Total for Question 2 is 11 marks)

5
 *P72458A0520* Turn over
3.
S
34
B 48

10 6 Y
26
28
20
P 21
A 54
18 15
12 L

17 42
C
H 40
11
14

W 21 M

Figure 2

6
*P72458A0620* 
Question 3 continued

Question 3 continues on the next page.

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8
*P72458A0820* 
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10
*P72458A01020* 
Question 4 continued
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(Total for Question 4 is 7 marks)

11
 *P72458A01120* Turn over
5.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C –
D A, B
E A, B
F B, C
G B, C
H D
I D, E, F, G
J H, I
K D, E, F

12
*P72458A01220* 
Question 5 continued
Please redraw your activity network on this page if you need to do so.

(Total for Question 5 is 9 marks)

13
 *P72458A01320* Turn over
6.

14
30

B 21 E G

34 x
8 35 21 10
43

A 1 0 24 C H
J 9 61 + x

91 61 + x
11 16
12 35
52
Key:
D F
Order of Final
31 Vertex
labelling value

*P72458A01420*
Working values

Diagram 1

Fastest time:_________________________________________________________________

Quickest route:_______________________________________________________________


Question 6 continued
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16
*P72458A01620* 
Question 6 continued
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(Total for Question 6 is 15 marks)

17
 *P72458A01720* Turn over
7. y

–x + 5y = 10
R C

4x + 8y = 65
O x

Figure 5

18
*P72458A01820* 
Question 7 continued
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Question 7 continued
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(Total for Question 7 is 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

20
*P72458A02020* 
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P71980RA0120*
P71980RA
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

L:1/1/1/
1.

17 9 15 8 20 13 28 4 12 5

2
*P71980RA0220* 
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3
 *P71980RA0320* Turn over
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*P71980RA0420* 
Question 1 continued
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(Total 11 marks)

5
 *P71980RA0520* Turn over
2.
B F

H
A C
G

D E J

Figure 1

B 12 F
17
24
21 15 H
A 9 11 14
C
G 21
29 25
23 18
D 28 E 20 J

Figure 2

6
*P71980RA0620* 
Question 2 continued
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B F

A C

D E J

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Weight of the minimum spanning tree: ______________________________________________________

(Total 7 marks)

7
 *P71980RA0720* Turn over
3.
Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –

B –

C –

D A, B, C

E A, B, C

F C

G F

H D

I D, E, G

J D, E

8
*P71980RA0820* 
Question 3 continued
Please redraw your activity network on this page if you need to do so.

(Total 5 marks)

9
 *P71980RA0920* Turn over
4.
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10
*P71980RA01020* 
Question 4 continued

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

Grid 1

(Total 10 marks)

11
 *P71980RA01120* Turn over
5.
E
10 1 4
B 6
5 H
5 F
10
1 8
A 3 C
3
8 8
J
5
D 2
3
G

Figure 4

[The total weight of the network is 82]

12
*P71980RA01220* 
Question 5 continued
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13
 *P71980RA01320* Turn over
6.

C 15 F

8 10 7
G

16
A 19 E
1

7 6 17
H
2 12

24
2 Key:
D
Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value

Working values

A B C D E F G H

A –

B – 14 2 4 11 18 19

C 14 – 12 10 15 22 23

D 2 12 – 2 9 16 17

E 4 10 2 – 7 14 15

F 11 15 9 7 – 7 8

G 18 22 16 14 7 – 1

H 19 23 17 15 8 1 –

14
*P71980RA01420* 
Question 6 continued
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(c)
B C D E F G H

B – 14 2 4 11 18 19

C 14 – 12 10 15 22 23

D 2 12 – 2 9 16 17

E 4 10 2 – 7 14 15

F 11 15 9 7 – 7 8

G 18 22 16 14 7 – 1

H 19 23 17 15 8 1 –

15
 *P71980RA01520* Turn over
Question 6 continued
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16
*P71980RA01620* 
7.
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17
 *P71980RA01720* Turn over
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18
*P71980RA01820* 
Question 7 continued

y
50

0
x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

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19
 *P71980RA01920* Turn over
Question 7 continued
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(Total 18 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 75 MARKS

20
*P71980RA02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
 

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae
stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book
provided.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

*P71980RA*
P71980RA
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.

L:1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.
1.

17 9 15 8 20 13 28 4 12 5

The numbers in the list shown above are the weights, in kilograms, of ten boxes.
The boxes are to be transported in containers that will each hold a maximum weight of
40 kilograms.
(a) Calculate a lower bound for the number of containers that will be needed to
transport the boxes. You must show your working.
(2)
(b) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to allocate the boxes to the containers.
(3)
(c) Using the list provided, carry out a quick sort to produce a list of the weights in
ascending order. You must make your pivots clear.
(3)
(d) Use the binary search algorithm to try to locate the weight of 9 in the sorted list.
Clearly indicate how you choose your pivots and which part of the list is being
rejected at each stage.
(3)

(Total 11 marks)

2 P71980RA

2.

B F

H
A C
G

D E J

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a graph, T.

(a) Write down an example of a path from A to J on T.
(1)
(b) State, with a reason, whether A – B – C – D – E – G – F – H – J is an example of a
tour on T.
(1)

B 12 F
17
24
21 15 H
A 9 11 14
C
G 21
29 25
23 18
D 28 E 20 J

Figure 2

The numbers on the 15 arcs in Figure 2 represent the distances, in km, between nine
vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J, in a network.
(c) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree for the network.
You should list the arcs in the order in which you consider them. In each case,
state whether or not you are adding the arc to the minimum spanning tree.
(3)
(d) Draw the minimum spanning tree using the vertices given in Diagram 1 in the
answer book.
(1)
(e) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(1)

(Total 7 marks)

P71980RA 3
 Turn over
3.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –

B –

C –

D A, B, C

E A, B, C

F C

G F

H D

I D, E, G

J D, E

Draw the activity network described in the precedence table above, using activity on arc
and exactly 4 dummies.
(5)

(Total 5 marks)

4 P71980RA

4.

8 F( y) 22 L(4) 26
8 22 26

A(8) D(x)
M(3)

0 B(3) 3 G(5)
I(9) 22
0 5 23

C(4) H(8)
J(8)
4 13 21
6 E(7) 13 K(8) 23

Figure 3

The network in Figure 3 shows the activities that need to be undertaken by a company
to complete a project. Each activity is represented by an arc. The duration of the activity,
in days, is shown in brackets. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The early event
times and the late event times are shown at the vertices.
It is given that the total float on activity F is twice the total float on activity D.
It is also given that the total duration of the activities on the path BDFM is 10 days less
than the duration of the critical path.
(a) Determine the value of x and the value of y. You must make your method and
working clear.
(4)
(b) Draw a cascade chart for this project on Grid 1 in the answer book.
(4)
(c) Use your cascade chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to
complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference
to time and activities. (You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
(2)

(Total 10 marks)

P71980RA 5
 Turn over
5.

E
10 1 4
B 6
5 H
5 F
10
1 8
A 3 C
3
8 8
J
5
D 2
3
G

Figure 4

[The total weight of the network is 82]

Figure 4 represents a network of 16 roads in a city. The number on each arc represents
the time taken, in minutes, to travel along the corresponding road.
Chan needs to check that the roads are in good repair. He must travel along each road at
least once. Chan will start and finish at his office at G and must minimise the total time
taken for his inspection route.
For this inspection route,
(a) find the time taken and state a possible route. You must make your method and
reasoning clear.
(3)
Chan wonders if he can reduce his travel time by starting from his home at B,
travelling along each road at least once and finishing at his office at G.
(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find any arcs that would need to
be traversed twice in the minimum inspection route from B to G. You must make
your method clear, showing your working.
(5)
(c) Determine which of the two routes ending at G is quicker, the one starting at G or
the one starting at B. You must justify your answer.
(2)

(Total 10 marks)

6 P71980RA

6.

C 15 F

7
8 10 7
G
19 E 16
A
1

7 6 17
2 12 H

B 24
2
D

Figure 5

Figure 5 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the length, in km,
of the corresponding road. The vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, represent eight
towns. Bronwen needs to visit each town. She will start and finish at A and wishes to
minimise the total distance travelled.
(a) By applying Dijkstra’s algorithm, starting at A, complete the table of least distances
in the answer book.
(6)
(b) Starting at A, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to find an upper bound for the
length of Bronwen’s route. Write down the route that gives this upper bound.
(2)
A reduced network is formed by deleting A and all arcs that are directly joined to A.
(c) (i) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at C, to construct a minimum spanning tree for
the reduced network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the
arcs of your tree.
(ii) Hence, calculate a lower bound for the length of Bronwen’s route.
(4)
(d) Using only the results from (b) and (c), write down the smallest interval that you can
be confident contains the length of Bronwen’s optimal route.
(2)

(Total 14 marks)

P71980RA 7
 Turn over
7. A company makes three types of storage container, small, medium and large.
The company owner knows that each week she should make
• at least 40 containers in total
• at least twice as many large containers as medium containers
• at most 60% small containers
Each small container requires 1 hour to make, each medium container requires 1.5 hours
to make, and each large container requires 2.5 hours to make. The company has a total
of 75 hours per week available to make all the containers.
Each small container costs £9 to make, each medium container costs £12 to make and
each large container costs £16 to make.
The company owner wants to minimise her total cost.
• Let x represent the number of small containers made
• Let y represent the number of medium containers made
• Let z represent the number of large containers made
(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem. State the objective and
list the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.
(7)
The company owner now decides to make exactly 45 containers.
(b) Explain why the minimum total cost is achieved when 7x + 4y is maximised.
(3)
The requirement to make exactly 45 containers reduces the constraints of the problem to
the following:

x + 3y  45

0  x  27

3x + 2y  75

y0
(c) Represent these constraints on Diagram 1 in the answer book. Hence determine, and
label, the feasible region, R.
(4)
(d) Use the objective line method to find the optimal vertex, V, of the feasible region.
You must make your objective line clear and label V.
(2)
(e) Write down the number of each type of container the company should make.
Calculate the corresponding total cost.
(2)

(Total 18 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 75 MARKS

END

8 P71980RA

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
 

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical formulae
stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book
provided.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,
number and candidate number.
•• Answerreturn
Do not the question paper with the answer book.
all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

*P69351A*
P69351A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

E:1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1. (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘path’.

(2)

B 13 E

8 5
23
5
F 16
A H
15
5 9

C 10
17 7
27
19
9

D 6 G 15 J

Figure 1

Figure 1 represents a network of roads. The number on each arc represents the length, in km, of the
corresponding road. Piatrice wishes to travel from A to J.

(b) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path Piatrice could take from A to J.
State your path and its length.
(6)

Piatrice needs to return from J to A via G.

(Total 10 marks)

P69351A 2
2. Chris has been asked to design a badge in the shape of a triangle XYZ subject to the following
constraints.
• Angle Y should be at least three times the size of angle X
• Angle Z should be at least 50° larger than angle X
• Angle Y must be at most 120°

Chris has been asked to maximise the sum of the angles X and Y.

Let x be the size of angle X in degrees.

Let y be the size of angle Y in degrees.

Let z be the size of angle Z in degrees.

Formulate this information as a linear programming problem in x and y only. State the objective
and list the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.

You are not required to solve this problem.

(6)

(Total 6 marks)

P69351A 3 Turn over

3. The table below represents a complete network that shows the least costs of travelling between
eight cities, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H.

A B C D E F G H
A – 36 38 40 23 39 38 35
B 36 – 35 36 35 34 41 38
C 38 35 – 39 25 32 40 40
D 40 36 39 – 37 37 26 33
E 23 35 25 37 – 42 24 43
F 39 34 32 37 42 – 45 38
G 38 41 40 26 24 45 – 40
H 35 38 40 33 43 38 40 –

Srinjoy must visit each city at least once. He will start and finish at A and wishes to minimise his
total cost.

(a) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to find a minimum spanning tree for this network. You
must list the arcs that form the tree in the order in which you select them.
(3)

(b) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.

(1)

(d) Show that there are two nearest neighbour routes that start from A. You must make the routes
and their corresponding costs clear.
(4)

(e) State the best upper bound that can be obtained by using your answers to (c) and (d).
(1)

(f) Starting by deleting A and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the total cost of Srinjoy’s route.
You must make your method and working clear.
(3)

(g) Use your results to write down the smallest interval that must contain the optimal cost of
Srinjoy’s route.
(2)

(Total 15 marks)

P69351A 4
BLANK PAGE

P69351A 5 Turn over

4.
12 F(w) y
13 z
G(5) K(6)
C(v)

5 13 H(7) 20 L(5) 25
x D(4) 13 20 25

A(5) E(7)
I(10) M(4)

0 6 20
0 B(6) 6 J(4) 21

Figure 2

The network in Figure 2 shows the activities that need to be carried out by a company to complete
a project. Each activity is represented by an arc, and the duration, in days, is shown in brackets.
Each activity requires one worker. The early event times and the late event times are shown at each
vertex.

(a) Complete the precedence table in the answer book.

(2)

P69351A 6
A cascade chart for this project is shown on Grid 1.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
B E H L
A
C
D
F
G
I
J
K
M

Grid 1

(b) Use Figure 2 and Grid 1 to find the values of v, w, x, y and z.

(3)

The project is to be completed in the minimum time using as few workers as possible.

(d) On Grid 2 in your answer book, construct a scheduling diagram for this project.
(3)

Before the project begins it is found that activity F will require an additional 5 hours to complete.
The durations of all other activities are unchanged. The project is still to be completed in the
shortest possible time using as few workers as possible.

(e) State the new minimum project completion time and state the new critical path.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

P69351A 7 Turn over

5.
B 15 E

7 1
8
16
H
17
15 C 10 F
A 19

11 8
5 4 10
5

D 3 G 12 J

Figure 3

[The total weight of the network is 166]

Figure 3 models a network of cycle lanes that must be inspected. The number on each arc represents
the length, in km, of the corresponding cycle lane. Lance needs to cycle along each lane at least
once and wishes to minimise the length of his inspection route.

He must start and finish at A.

(a) Use an appropriate algorithm to find the length of the route. State the cycle lanes that Lance
will need to traverse twice. You should make your method and working clear.
(6)

(b) State the number of times that vertex C appears in Lance’s route.
(1)

It is now decided that the inspection route may finish at any vertex. Lance will still start at A and
must cycle along each lane at least once.

(c) Determine the finishing point so that the length of the route is minimised. You must give
reasons for your answer and state the length of this new minimum route.
(3)

(Total 10 marks)

P69351A 8
6. A linear programming problem in x and y is described as follows.

Maximise P = kx + y, where k is a constant

subject to: 3y  x

x + 2y  130

4x + y  100

4x + 3y  300

(a) Add lines and shading to Diagram 1 in the answer book to represent these constraints. Hence
determine the feasible region and label it R.
(4)

(b) For the case when k = 0.8

(i) use the objective line method to find the optimal vertex, V, of the feasible region. You must
draw and label your objective line and label vertex V clearly.
(2)

(ii) calculate the coordinates of V and hence calculate the corresponding value of P at V.
(3)

Given that for a different value of k, V is not the optimal vertex of R,

(Total 13 marks)

P69351A 9 Turn over

7. The numbers listed below are to be packed into bins of size n, where n is a positive integer.

14 20 23 17 15 22 19 25 13 28 32

A lower bound for the number of bins required is 4

(a) Determine the range of possible values of n. You must make your method clear.
(3)

(b) Carry out a quick sort to produce a list of the numbers in descending order. You should show
the result of each pass and identify your pivots clearly.
(4)

When the first‑fit bin packing algorithm is applied to the original list of numbers, the following
allocation is achieved.

Bin 1: 14 20 23 15

Bin 2: 17 22 19 13

Bin 3: 25 28

Bin 4: 32

When the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm is applied to the sorted list of numbers,
the following allocation is achieved.

Bin 1: 32 28

Bin 2: 25 23 22

Bin 3: 20 19 17 15

Bin 4: 14 13

(Total 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

P69351A 10
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P69351A 11
BLANK PAGE

P69351A 12
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P69351A0120*
P69351A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

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(a) ________________________________________________________________________
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Key:
Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value

Working values

B 13 E

8 5
23
5 16
A F H
15

5 9
27 7
C
10

17 19 J

9 G
15

6
D

Shortest path from A to J: _______________________________________

Length of shortest path from A to J: _______________________________

2
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(Total 6 marks)

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4.
12 F(w) y
13 z
G(5) K(6)
C(v)

5 13 H(7) 20 L(5) 25
x D(4) 13 20 25

A(5) E(7)
I(10) M(4)

0 6 20
0 B(6) 6 J(4) 21

Figure 2
(a)

Immediately Immediately Immediately

Activity preceding Activity preceding Activity preceding
activities activities activities

A F K

B G L

C H M

D I

E J

v = w = x = y = z = __

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Grid 2

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5.
B 15 E

7 1
8
16
H
17
15 C 10 F
A 19

11 8
5 4 10
5

D 3 G 12 J

Figure 3

[The total weight of the network is 166]

12
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y
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Diagram 1

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14 20 23 17 15 22 19 25 13 28 32

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(Total 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

20
*P69351A02020* 
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes

Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

• Write
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book

• centre
provided.
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,

•• Answerreturn
number and candidate number.
Do not the question paper with the answer book.
all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are

• Answer
clearly labelled.
the questions in the spaces provided

• You
– there may be more space than you need.
should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.

• Inexact
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.

•• Check
Try to answer every question.
your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer

• Good luck with your examination.

and any working underneath.

Turn over

*P66639A*
P66639A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

16 23 18 9 4 20 35 5 17 13 6 11

The numbers in the list represent the weights, in kilograms, of twelve parcels. The parcels are to
be transported in containers that will each hold a maximum weight of 45 kg.

(a) Calculate a lower bound for the number of containers needed. You must make your
method clear.
(2)

(b) Use the first‑fit bin packing algorithm to allocate the parcels to the containers.
(3)

(c) Carry out a bubble sort, starting at the left‑hand end of the list, to produce a list of the weights
in descending order. You should only give the state of the list after each pass.
(4)

(d) Use the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to allocate the parcels to the containers.
(3)

(Total 12 marks)

P66639A 2
2.
D(5) J(6)

A(3) F(2) K(8) N(4)

B(4) G(7) L(4)

H(6) P(4)
C(2) E(5)
M(7)

I(4) Q(8)

Figure 1

(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event times.
(4)

(b) Draw a cascade chart for this project on Grid 1 in the answer book.
(4)

(c) Use your cascade chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to complete the
project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference to time and activities.
(You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
(2)

(Total 10 marks)

P66639A 3 Turn over

3.
Start

Input a

b =  12 − 5a 
4

 8 

Is
Yes
–10–5 < a – b < 10–5 ? Output b

No
Stop
Let a = b

Figure 2

An algorithm for finding the positive real root of the equation 8x4 + 5x – 12 = 0 is described by the
flow chart shown in Figure 2.

(a) Use the flow chart, with a = 1, to complete the table in the answer book, stating values to at
least 6 decimal places. Give the final output correct to 5 decimal places.
(4)

Given that the value of the input a is a non‑negative real number,

(b) determine the set of values for a that cannot be used to find the positive real root of
8x4 + 5x – 12 = 0 using this flow chart.
(2)

(Total 6 marks)

P66639A 4
4.
A 17 D

21 15
33 25
23
12 E
B
15 19 6
20 45 29
C 11 F
G
Figure 3
[The total weight of the network is 291]

Figure 3 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the length, in km, of the
corresponding road. The vertices, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, represent seven towns. Derek needs to
visit each town. He will start and finish at A and wishes to minimise the total distance travelled.

(a) By inspection, complete the two copies of the table of least distances in the answer book.
(2)

(b) Starting at A, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to find an upper bound for the length of
Derek’s route. Write down the route that gives this upper bound.
(2)

(d) Starting by deleting A and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the route length.
(3)

Clive needs to travel along the roads to check that they are in good repair. He wishes to minimise
the total distance travelled and must start at A and finish at G.

(e) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of Clive’s route. State the
edges that need to be traversed twice. You must make your method and working clear.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

P66639A 5 Turn over

5.
F 39 C

32 12

84 A
J

8 31 18
42 24
G 11 32
17
49
8
K B
69 D

30 32 20 10

H 10 E

Figure 4

Figure 4 represents a network of roads. The number on each arc represents the length, in miles, of
the corresponding road. Tamasi, who lives at A, needs to collect a caravan. Tamasi can collect a
caravan from either J or K.

Tamasi decides to use Dijkstra’s algorithm once to find the shortest routes between A and J and
between A and K.

(a) State, with a reason, which vertex should be chosen as the starting vertex for the algorithm.
(2)

(b) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest routes from A to J and from A to K. You should
state the routes and their corresponding lengths.
(7)

Tamasi’s brother lives at F. He needs to visit Tamasi at A and then visit their mother who lives at H.

(c) Find a route of minimal length that goes from F to H via A.

(1)

(Total 10 marks)

P66639A 6
6.
Activity Immediately preceding activities
A –
B –
C –
D A
E A
F A, B, C
G C
H G
I D, E, F, H
J I
K I
L I
M L

(a) Draw the activity network for the project described in the precedence table above, using
activity on arc and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)

(b) State which activity is guaranteed to be critical, giving a reason for your answer.
(2)

It is given that each activity in the table takes two hours to complete.

(Total 9 marks)

P66639A 7 Turn over

7.
B 2y – 2 C F

4x + 1 3x 5x + 1
2y + 1 x+y

A G
8x – 3 E 2y + 4
2y + x
3y – 7 y+1 6x – 2y + 3

D H

Figure 5

Figure 5 shows a weighted graph that contains 12 arcs and 8 vertices.

It is given that

● no two arcs have the same weight

● x and y are positive integers
● arc CD is not in the minimum spanning tree for the graph

(a) Explain why y < x + 7

(2)

It is also given that when Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, is applied to the weighted graph, AB is
the first arc selected.

(b) Show that y > 2x and write down and simplify two further constraints on the values of x and y.
(3)

(c) Represent these four constraints on Diagram 1 in the answer book.

(4)

(d) Using Diagram 1 only, write down the possible pairs of values that x and y can take in the form
(x, y).
(2)

The minimum spanning tree for the weighted graph in Figure 5 has total weight 73
Six of the seven arcs in the minimum spanning tree are AB, AD, BC, CE, EF and GH.

(e) Determine the value of x and the value of y. You must make your method and working clear.
(4)

(Total 15 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

P66639A 8
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

International
Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes

Paper
reference WDM11/01
Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

*P66639A0120*
P66639A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

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(Total 12 marks)

5
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2.
D(5) J(6)

F(2) K(8) N(4)

A(3)

B(4) G(7) L(4)

H(6)
C(2) E(5) P(4)
M(7)
Key:
Early
I(4) Q(8)
event
time
Late Diagram 1
event
time

6
*P66639A0620*
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

Grid 1

(Total 10 marks)

7
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3. You may not need to use all the rows in this table.
You should write your final output in the box provided at the bottom of this page.

a b Is –10–5 < a – b < 10–5 ?

Final output

8
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(Total 6 marks)

9
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4.

A B C D E F G
A – 21 17 25 31 41
B 21 – 26 27 12 15 20
C 26 – 17 11 46
D 17 27 – 15 47
E 25 12 17 15 – 6 32
F 31 15 11 6 – 35
G 41 20 46 47 32 35 –

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A B C D E F G
A – 21 17 25 31 41
B 21 – 26 27 12 15 20
C 26 – 17 11 46
D 17 27 – 15 47
E 25 12 17 15 – 6 32
F 31 15 11 6 – 35
G 41 20 46 47 32 35 –

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(Total 13 marks)

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14
5.
(a) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F 39 C

32 12

J
84 A
8
31
42 G 18
11 24
32
17
D
B
49
8
Key: K 69
20 10
Order of Final 32

*P66639A01420*
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30 H E
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(Total 10 marks)

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y
20

O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x
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(Total 15 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
20
*P66639A02020*
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Wednesday 20 January 2021
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

• Write
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book

• centre
provided.
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,

•• Answerreturn
number and candidate number.
Do not the question paper with the answer book.
all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are

• Answer
clearly labelled.
the questions in the spaces provided

• You
– there may be more space than you need.
should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.

•• Check
Try to answer every question.
your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

1/1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1. Use the binary search algorithm to try to locate the word “Parallelogram” in the following
alphabetical list. Clearly indicate how you choose your pivots and which part of the list you are
rejecting at each stage.

Arc

Centre

Chord

Circle

Circumference

Diameter

Radius

Sector

Segment

Tangent

(Total 4 marks)

P66161A 2
2. A restaurant sells two sizes of pizza, small and large. The restaurant owner knows that, each
evening, she needs to make
• at least 85 pizzas in total
• at least twice as many large pizzas as small pizzas

In addition, at most 80% of the pizzas must be large.

Each small pizza costs £2 to make and each large pizza costs £3 to make.

The restaurant owner wants to minimise her costs.

Let x represent the number of small pizzas made each evening and let y represent the number of
large pizzas made each evening.

Formulate the information above as a linear programming problem. State the objective and list the
constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients. You should not attempt to solve the
problem.

(Total 5 marks)

P66161A 3 Turn over

3. 2.6 0.8 2.1 1.2 0.9 1.7 2.3 0.3 1.8 2.7

(a) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed above can be
packed into bins of size 5
(3)

The list is to be sorted into descending order.

(b) (i) Starting at the left-hand end of the above list, perform two passes through the list using a
bubble sort. Write down the lists that result at the end of the first pass and the second pass.

(ii) Write down, in the table in the answer book, the number of comparisons and the number
of swaps performed during each of these two passes.
(4)

After a third pass using this bubble sort, the updated list is

2.6 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.2 1.8 2.7 0.9 0.8 0.3

(d) Apply the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to the fully sorted list to pack the numbers
into bins of size 5
(3)

(Total 13 marks)

P66161A 4
4. (a) Explain the difference between the classical and the practical travelling salesperson problems.
(2)

The table below shows the distances, in km, between seven museums, A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

A B C D E F G
A – 25 31 28 35 30 32
B 25 – 34 24 27 32 39
C 31 34 – 40 35 27 29
D 28 24 40 – 37 35 36
E 35 27 35 37 – 28 31
F 30 32 27 35 28 – 33
G 32 39 29 36 31 33 –

Fran must visit each museum. She will start and finish at A and wishes to minimise the total
distance travelled.

(b) Starting at A, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to obtain an upper bound for the length of
Fran’s route. Make your method clear.
(2)

Starting at D, a second upper bound of 203 km was found.

A reduced network is formed by deleting G and all the arcs that are directly joined to G.

(d) (i) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to construct a minimum spanning tree for the reduced
network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of your tree.

(ii) Hence calculate a lower bound for the length of Fran’s route.
(4)

By deleting A, a second lower bound was found to be 188 km.

(e) State whether this is a better lower bound than the answer to (d)(ii), giving a reason for
your answer.
(1)

(f) Using only the results from (c) and (e), write down the smallest interval that you can be
confident contains the length of Fran’s optimal route.
(2)

(Total 12 marks)

P66161A 5 Turn over

5.
B 22 D 12 G

7 32 10
A
9

22
E
15
C 16 J
5

28
5
F 22
29

H 6 K

Figure 1

[The total weight of the network is 253]

Figure 1 represents a network of roads between 10 cities, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J and K.

The number on each edge represents the length, in miles, of the corresponding road.

One day, Mabintou wishes to travel from A to H. She wishes to minimise the distance she travels.

(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to H. State your path and its length.
(6)

On another day, Mabintou wishes to travel from F to K via A.

(b) Find a route of minimum length from F to K via A and state its length.
(2)

The roads between the cities need to be inspected. James must travel along each road at least once.
He wishes to minimise the length of his inspection route. James will start his inspection route at A
and finish at J.

(c) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of James’ route. State the arcs
that will need to be traversed twice. You must make your method and working clear.
(6)

(d) State the number of times that James will pass through F.
(1)

P66161A 6
It is now decided to start the inspection route at D. James must minimise the length of his route.
He must travel along each road at least once but may finish at any vertex.

(e) State the vertex where the new inspection route will finish.
(1)

(f) Calculate the difference between the lengths of the two inspection routes.
(1)

(Total 17 marks)

P66161A 7 Turn over

6.
Immediately
Duration
Activity preceding
(days)
activities
A 4 –
B 7 –
C 6 –
D 10 A
E 5 A
F 7 C
G 6 B, C, E
H 6 B, C, E
I 7 B, C, E
J 9 D, H
K 8 B, C, E
L 4 F, G, K
M 6 F, G, K
N 7 F, G
P 5 M, N

The table above shows the activities required for the completion of a building project. For each
activity the table shows the duration, in days, and the immediately preceding activities. Each
activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the shortest possible time.

D(10) J(9)

A(4) E(5)
L(4)
B(7)
P(5)
K(8)
M(6)
C(6)

F(7) N(7)

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a partially completed activity network used to model the project. The activities
are represented by the arcs and the numbers in brackets on the arcs are the times taken, in days, to
complete each activity.

P66161A 8
(a) Complete the network in Diagram 1 in the answer book by adding activities G, H and I and the
minimum number of dummies.
(3)

(b) Add the early event times and the late event times to Diagram 1 in the answer book.
(4)

(c) State the critical activities.

(1)

(d) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project in the
shortest possible time. You must show your working.
(2)

(e) Schedule the activities on Grid 1 in the answer book, using the minimum number of workers,
so that the project is completed in the minimum time.
(3)

(Total 13 marks)

P66161A 9 Turn over

7.
y

R 5y = x + k

O 4 x
x+y=8

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y, where R is the feasible
region. The equations of two of the lines have been shown in Figure 3.

Given that k is a positive constant,

(a) determine, in terms of k where necessary, the inequalities that define R.

(4)

The objective is to maximise P = 5x + ky

Given that the value of P is 38 at the optimal vertex of R,

(b) determine the possible value(s) of k. You must show algebraic working and make your
method clear.
(7)

(Total 11 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

P66161A 10
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P66161A 11
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P66161A 12
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

International
Advanced Level

Wednesday 20 January 2021

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

1/1/1/1/
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(Total 4 marks)

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(Total 5 marks)

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Number of comparisons Number of swaps

First pass

Second pass

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(Total 13 marks)

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4. (a)______________________________________________________________________
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A B C D E F G
A – 25 31 28 35 30 32
B 25 – 34 24 27 32 39
C 31 34 – 40 35 27 29
D 28 24 40 – 37 35 36
E 35 27 35 37 – 28 31
F 30 32 27 35 28 – 33
G 32 39 29 36 31 33 –

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A B C D E F G
A – 25 31 28 35 30 32
B 25 – 34 24 27 32 39
C 31 34 – 40 35 27 29
D 28 24 40 – 37 35 36
E 35 27 35 37 – 28 31
F 30 32 27 35 28 – 33
G 32 39 29 36 31 33 –

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(Total 12 marks)

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5.

12
B 22 D 12 G

7 32 10
A
9
22
15
C E J
16
28
5
Key:

Order of Final F 5
Vertex
labelling value

Working values 22
29

*P66161A01220*
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6

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(Total 17 marks)

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6. (a) and (b)

D(10) J(9)

A(4) E(5)
L(4)

B(7)
P(5)
K(8)

M(6)
C(6)
Key:
Early
event
time
F(7) N(7)
Late
event
time Diagram 1
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

Q6
Grid 1
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(Total 11 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
20
*P66161A02020*
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Tuesday 19 May 2020
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical
formulae stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book
provided.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,
number and candidate number.
•• Answerreturn
Do not the question paper with the answer book.
all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 8 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

1/1/1/1/1/
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1. The table below shows the distances, in metres, between six vertices, A, B, C, D, E and F, in
a network.

A B C D E F
A – 18 23 17 28 19
B 18 – 20 11 – 24
C 23 20 – – 25 13
D 17 11 – – – 22
E 28 – 25 – – –
F 19 24 13 22 – –

(a) Draw the weighted network using the vertices given in Diagram 1 in the answer book.
(2)

(b) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree for the network. You should list
the edges in the order that you consider them and state whether you are adding them to your
minimum spanning tree.
(3)

(Total 7 marks)

P62510A 2
2. (a) (i) Describe how to carry out the first pass of a bubble sort when it is used to sort a list of
n numbers into ascending order.

(ii) Write down the circumstances under which a bubble sort stops.
(4)

A bubble sort, starting at the left-hand end of the list, is used to sort a list of ten numbers into
ascending order. After a number of passes the list reads

0.9 1.2 1.5 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.7 2.2 3.2

(b) Determine the maximum number of passes that could have taken place on this list. You must
give a reason for your answer.
(2)

(c) Complete the bubble sort to produce a list of the numbers in ascending order. You only need to
give the state of the list after each complete pass.
(4)

(d) Use the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to determine how the ten numbers listed
above can be packed into bins of size 4
(3)

(Total 13 marks)

P62510A 3 Turn over

3. The table below shows the least distances, in km, between six towns, A, B, C, D, E and F.

A B C D E F
A – 57 76 59 72 65
B 57 – 67 80 66 76
C 76 67 – 71 83 80
D 59 80 71 – 77 78
E 72 66 83 77 – 69
F 65 76 80 78 69 –

Mei must visit each town at least once. She will start and finish at A and wishes her route to
minimise the total distance she will travel.

(a) Starting with the minimum spanning tree in the answer book, use the shortcut method to find
an upper bound below 520 km for Mei’s route. You must state the shortcut(s) you use and the
length of your upper bound.
(2)

(b) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at A, to find another upper bound for the length
of Mei’s route.
(2)

(c) Starting by deleting E, and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the length of Mei’s route.
Make your method clear.
(3)

(Total 7 marks)

P62510A 4
4. (a) Draw the activity network described by the precedence table below, using activity on arc.
Use dummies only where necessary.
(5)

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C A
D A, B
E C, D
F D
G C
H G
I G
J E, F, I
K F

Given that K is a critical activity,

(b) state which other activities must also be critical.

(1)

Given instead that all activities shown in the precedence table have the same duration and K is not
necessarily critical,

(c) state the critical path for the network.

(1)

(Total 7 marks)

P62510A 5 Turn over

5.
D(12) J(5) M(7)

A(7) E(3)
B(8) N(9)
I(3) L(3)
H(4)
C(5)
F(2)

G(3) K(2) P(14)

Figure 1

(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event times.
(4)

(b) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project in the
minimum time. You must show your working.
(2)

(c) Schedule the activities on Grid 1 in the answer book using the minimum number of workers so
that the project is completed in the minimum time.
(4)

Additional resources become available, which can shorten the duration of one of activities D, G or
P by one day.

(d) Determine which of these three activities should be shortened to allow the project to be
completed in the minimum time. You must give reasons for your answer.
(2)

(Total 12 marks)

P62510A 6
6.
y
4y = 7x + 8

B
5

4y = x + 8
4

R
3
C

2
A

1 3x + 4y = 24

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x

Figure 2

The graph in Figure 2 is being used to solve a linear programming problem in x and y. The three
constraints have been drawn on the graph and the rejected regions have been shaded out. The three
vertices of the feasible region R are labelled A, B and C.

(a) Determine the inequalities that define R.

(2)

The objective function, P, is given by

P = ax + by

where a and b are positive constants.

The minimum value of P is 8 and the maximum value of P occurs at C.

(b) Find the range of possible values of a. You must make your method clear.
(5)

(Total 7 marks)

P62510A 7 Turn over

7.
B 15 E 13 G

10 11 8 5 14 + 2x 15 + x

20 D 52
A
H

22 2 11

C 7 F

Figure 3
[The total weight of the network is 205 + 3x]

Figure 3 represents a network of roads. The number on each arc represents the time taken, in
minutes, to drive along the corresponding road.

Malcolm wishes to minimise the time spent driving from his home at A to his office at H. The
delays from roadworks on two of the roads leading in to H vary daily, and so the time taken to drive
along these roads is expressed in terms of x, where x is fixed for any given day and x > 0

(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the possible routes that minimise the driving time from A to
H. State the length of each route, leaving your answer in terms of x where necessary.
(7)

On Monday, Malcolm needs to check each road. He must travel along each road at least once. He
must start and finish at H and minimise the total time taken for his inspection route.

Malcolm finds that his minimum duration inspection route requires him to traverse exactly four
roads twice and the total time it takes to complete his inspection route is 307 minutes.

(b) Calculate the minimum time taken for Malcolm to travel from A to H on Monday. You must
make your method and working clear.
(4)

(Total 11 marks)

P62510A 8
8. A bakery makes three types of doughnut. These are ring, jam and custard. The bakery has the
following constraints on the number of doughnuts it must make each day.

• The total number of doughnuts made must be at least 200

• They must make at least three times as many ring doughnuts as jam doughnuts
• At most 70% of the doughnuts the bakery makes must be ring doughnuts
• At least a fifth of the doughnuts the bakery makes must be jam doughnuts

It costs 8 pence to make each ring doughnut, 10 pence to make each jam doughnut and 14 pence
to make each custard doughnut. The bakery wants to minimise the total daily costs of making the
required doughnuts.

Let x represent the number of ring doughnuts, let y represent the number of jam doughnuts and let
z represent the number of custard doughnuts the bakery makes each day.

(a) Formulate this as a linear programming problem stating the objective and listing the constraints
as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.
(6)

On a given day, instead of making at least 200 doughnuts, the bakery requires that exactly 200
doughnuts are made. Furthermore, the bakery decides to make the minimum number of jam
doughnuts which satisfy all the remaining constraints.

Given that the bakery still wants to minimise the total cost of making the required doughnuts, use
algebra to

(b) (i) calculate the number of each type of doughnut the bakery will make on that day,

(ii) calculate the corresponding total cost of making all the doughnuts.
(5)

(Total 11 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

P62510A 9
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P62510A 10
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P62510A 11
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P62510A 12
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

International
Advanced Level

Tuesday 19 May 2020

Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

1/1/1/1/1/
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1.
A B C D E F
A – 18 23 17 28 19
B 18 – 20 11 – 24
C 23 20 – – 25 13
D 17 11 – – – 22
E 28 – 25 – – –
F 19 24 13 22 – –

F B

E
C

Diagram 1

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F B

E
C

Diagram 2

Weight of minimum spanning tree ____________________________________________

(Total 7 marks)

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(Total 13 marks)

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3.

A B C D E F
A – 57 76 59 72 65
B 57 – 67 80 66 76
C 76 67 – 71 83 80
D 59 80 71 – 77 78
E 72 66 83 77 – 69
F 65 76 80 78 69 –

E 66 B 57 A 65 F

67 59

C D
The total weight of the minimum spanning tree is 314 km

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_
A B C D E F
A – 57 76 59 72 65
B 57 – 67 80 66 76
C 76 67 – 71 83 80
D 59 80 71 – 77 78
E 72 66 83 77 – 69
F 65 76 80 78 69 –
_
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(Total 7 marks)

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(Total 7 marks)

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5.
D(12) J(5) M(7)

A(7)
E(3)
Key:
N(9) Early
B(8)
event
I(3) time
L(3)
Late
H(4) event
F(2) time
C(5)

P(14)
G(3) K(2)

Diagram 1

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Grid 1

(Total 12 marks)

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14
*P62510A01420*
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Question 6 continued

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Q6

(Total 7 marks)

15
*P62510A01520* Turn over
Leave
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7.
B 15 E 13 G

10 8 14 + 2x
11 5 15 + x

A 20 D 52 H

22 11
2

C F
7
Key:
Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value
Working values

16
*P62510A01620*
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Q7

(Total 11 marks)

17
*P62510A01720* Turn over
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8.

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18
*P62510A01820*
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19
*P62510A01920* Turn over
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Question 8 continued

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________________________________________________________________________ Q8

(Total 11 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

20
*P62510A02020*
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Monday 20 January 2020
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical
formulae stored in them.
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book
provided.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,
number and candidate number.
•• Answerreturn
Do not the question paper with the answer book.
all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
•• There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

1/1/1/
*P60708A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1. The table below shows the distances, in km, between six data collection points, A, B, C, D, E and F.

A B C D E F
A – 35 42 55 48 50
B 35 – 40 49 52 31
C 42 40 – 47 53 49
D 55 49 47 – 39 44
E 48 52 53 39 – 52
F 50 31 49 44 52 –

Ferhana must visit each data collection point. She will start and finish at A and wishes to minimise
the total distance she travels.

(a) Starting at A, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to obtain an upper bound for the distance
Ferhana must travel. Make your method clear.
(2)

(b) Starting by deleting B, and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the distance Ferhana must
travel. Make your calculation clear.
(3)

(Total 5 marks)

P60708A 2
2. C
B 19
A 32

25 34 29
30
22 E 15 F
D 30

32 13 17 11
23

G 18 H 20 J

Figure 1

(a) Define the terms

(i) tree,

(ii) minimum spanning tree.

(3)

(b) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree for the network shown in Figure 1.
You must clearly show the order in which you consider the edges. For each edge, state whether
or not you are including it in the minimum spanning tree.
(3)

(c) Draw the minimum spanning tree using the vertices given in Diagram 1 in the answer book and
state the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(2)

(Total 8 marks)

P60708A 3 Turn over

4 D(x) 24

10 24

A(4) E(7) J(9)

I(7)

0 7 F(5) z K(10) 33

0 B(5) y 17 33
L(11)

C(7) G(9)
28
7 17

H(10) M(9) 33
7 17

Figure 2

The network in Figure 2 shows the activities that need to be undertaken by a company to complete
a project. Each activity is represented by an arc and the duration, in days, is shown in brackets.
Each activity requires one worker. The early event times and late event times are shown at each
vertex.

The total float on activity D is twice the total float on activity E.

(a) Find the values of x, y and z.

(3)

(b) Draw a cascade chart for this project on Grid 1 in the answer book.
(4)

(c) Use your cascade chart to determine a lower bound for the minimum number of workers
needed to complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference
to time and activities. (You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
(2)

(Total 9 marks)

P60708A 4
4.
35 17 10 7 28 23 41 15 20 29

(a) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed above can be
packed into bins of size 60
(3)

(b) The list of numbers is to be sorted into descending order. Use a quick sort to obtain the sorted
list. You should show the result of each pass and identify your pivots clearly.
(4)

The ten distinct numbers below are to be sorted into descending order.

20 24 17 26 8 15 x y 19 12

A bubble sort, starting at the left-hand end of the list, is to be used to obtain the sorted list.

After the second complete pass the list is

24 26 20 17 15 y 19 12 x 8

(d) Find the constraints on the values of x and y.

(3)
(Total 13 marks)

P60708A 5 Turn over

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C –
D A
E C
F A, B, C
G A, B, C
H D, F, G
I A, B, C
J D, F, G
K H
L D, E, F, G, I

(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table above, using activity on arc.
Your activity network must contain only the minimum number of dummies.
(5)

Given that all critical paths for the network include activity H,

(b) state which activities cannot be critical.

(2)

(Total 7 marks)

P60708A 6
6. A 8 E

5 20
14 2
C
7 H
28
B
42
17
8 21 2
4 F 20
D
11
19

G 10 J
31
[The total weight of the network is 269]

Figure 3

Figure 3 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the time taken, in minutes, to
travel along the corresponding road.

(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest time needed to travel from A to J. State the
quickest route.
(6)

Alan needs to travel along all the roads to check that they are in good repair. He wishes to complete
his route as quickly as possible and will start at his home, H, and finish at his workplace, D.

(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the arcs that will need to be traversed
twice in Alan’s inspection route from H to D. You must make your method and working clear.
(5)
For Alan’s inspection route from H to D

(c) (i) state the number of times vertex C will appear,

(ii) state the number of times vertex D will appear.

(2)

(d) Determine whether it would be quicker for Alan to start and finish his inspection route at H,
instead of starting at H and finishing at D. You must explain your reasoning and show all your
working.
(2)

(Total 15 marks)

P60708A 7 Turn over

7. A school is planning to run several training days next year for its new teachers, middle leaders and
senior leaders.

Next year, the school will need to run

• at least 20 training days in total,
• at most twice as many training days for new teachers when compared to the total number
of training days required for both middle and senior leaders,
• at most 25% of the training days for senior leaders.

The costs of running a training day for new teachers, middle leaders and senior leaders are £400,
£550 and £750 respectively.

The school wants to minimise the total cost of running the training days.

Let x be the number of training days required for new teachers.

Let y be the number of training days required for middle leaders.
Let z be the number of training days required for senior leaders.

(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem. State the objective and list the
constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.
(6)
The school decides that the number of training days for middle leaders and the number of training
days for senior leaders should be in the ratio 5 : 3
This reduces two of the constraints to 5x - 16y and 4y - 5x.

(b) (i) Express the constraint representing the requirement for a total of at least 20 training days
as a simplified inequality with integer coefficients in terms of x and y only.

(ii) Express the objective in the form ax + by where a and b are integers.
(3)

(c) Represent the constraints in x and y only on Diagram 1 in the answer book. Hence determine,
and label, the feasible region, R.
(4)

(d) Use the objective line method to locate the optimal vertex, V, of the feasible region. You must
make your objective line clear and label the optimal vertex, V.
(3)

(e) Hence, determine

(i) the total cost of running the training days,

(ii) the number of training days required for senior leaders.

(2)

(Total 18 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

P60708A 8
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International
Advanced Level

Monday 20 January 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

1/1/1/
*P60708A0120*
Leave
blank
1.
A B C D E F
A – 35 42 55 48 50
B 35 – 40 49 52 31
C 42 40 – 47 53 49
D 55 49 47 – 39 44
E 48 52 53 39 – 52
F 50 31 49 44 52 –

2
*P60708A0220*
Leave
blank
Question 1 continued

A B C D E F
A – 35 42 55 48 50
B 35 – 40 49 52 31
C 42 40 – 47 53 49
D 55 49 47 – 39 44
E 48 52 53 39 – 52
F 50 31 49 44 52 –

(Total 5 marks)

3
*P60708A0320* Turn over
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2.
C
B 19
A 32

25 34 29
30
22 E 15 F
D 30

32 13 17 11
23

G 18 H 20 J

Figure 1

4
*P60708A0420*
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Question 2 continued
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B C
A

E F
D

G H J

Diagram 1

Weight of the minimum spanning tree ____________________________________________ Q2

(Total 8 marks)

5
*P60708A0520* Turn over
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3.
4 D(x) 24

10 24

A(4) E(7) J(9)

I(7)

0 7 F(5) z K(10) 33

0 B(5) y 17 33
L(11)

C(7) G(9)
Key:
28
7 17
Early
event M(9) 33
7 H(10) 17
time
Late
event Figure 2
time

6
*P60708A0620*
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Question 3 continued
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34

Grid 1
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________ Q3

(Total 9 marks)

7
*P60708A0720* Turn over
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4.
35 17 10 7 28 23 41 15 20 29
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8
*P60708A0820*
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9
*P60708A0920* Turn over
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10
*P60708A01020*
Leave
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Question 4 continued
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_______________________________________________________________________ Q4

(Total 13 marks)

11
*P60708A01120* Turn over
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5.

12
*P60708A01220*
Leave
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Question 5 continued

(Total 7 marks)

13
*P60708A01320* Turn over
6.

14
A 1 0 8 E

14 2 20
5
B 7 C 28 H
42

8 17
21
2
F
D 4
20
Key:

11 Order of Final
Vertex
19 labelling value
G J
Working values
10
31

*P60708A01420*
Shortest time: _______________________________________________________________

Quickest route: ______________________________________________________________

blank
Leave
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Question 6 continued
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15
*P60708A01520* Turn over
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Question 6 continued
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_______________________________________________________________________ Q6

(Total 15 marks)

16
*P60708A01620*
Leave
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7.
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17
*P60708A01720* Turn over
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18
*P60708A01820*
Leave
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Question 7 continued
y
16

0
x
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Diagram 1

19
*P60708A01920* Turn over
Leave
blank
Question 7 continued
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Q7
_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 18 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END
20
*P60708A02020*
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Thursday 20 June 2019
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

You must have:

Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed), calculator

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

ï
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
Write your answers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics answer book

ï
provided.
Fill in the boxes at the top of the answer book with your name,

ïï
centre number and candidate number.
Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are

ï
clearly labelled.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided

ï
ñ there may be more space than you need.
You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.

ï
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless
otherwise stated.
Information
ïï There are 6 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
ñ use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
ïï Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.

ïï
Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer
and any working underneath.
Turn over

1/1/1/1/
!"#$%&%'($)#*+"%$&,$%"#$-#%)&./$*0$11231
4

4
4 5 6

4 5 6 4 4 5 6

4 5

8
8
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate" surname Other" names

Pearson Edexcel Centre" Number Candidate" Number

International
Advanced Level

Thursday 20 June 2019

Morning" (Time:" 1" hour" 30" minutes) Paper" Reference" WDM11/01

Mathematics
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Decision Mathematics D1

Answer Book Total" Marks

Do" not" return" the" question" paper" with" the" answer" book.

Turn over

!"#$#%&'($)(!
P61648A
2019" " Pearson" Education" Ltd.

1/1/1/1/
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