Scribd
Upload
5 views

Programming Lecture 3

The document covers key concepts in C++ programming, including the precedence of arithmetic operations and the data types of arithmetic expressions. It explains how the data type of an expression is determined by its operands and how integer and floating-point operations yield different results. Additionally, it discusses increment and decrement operators, compound assignment statements, and relational expressions used for comparisons.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Samy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Programming Lecture 3

The document covers key concepts in C++ programming, including the precedence of arithmetic operations and the data types of arithmetic expressions. It explains how the data type of an expression is determined by its operands and how integer and floating-point operations yield different results. Additionally, it discusses increment and decrement operators, compound assignment statements, and relational expressions used for comparisons.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Samy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Under the supervision of

Dr. Ghofran Mohamad


2
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 3
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 4
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 5
Precedence of arithmetic operations

For example,

2 + 3 * 5 and (2 + 3) * 5

both have different meanings


6
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 7
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 8
Precedence of arithmetic operations

• ? = 1 + 2 * (3 + 4)

– Evaluated as 1 + (2 * (3+4)) and the result is 15


• ?=5*2+9%4

– Evaluated as (5*2) + (9 % 4) and the result is 11


• ? = 5 * 2 % ( 7 – 4)

– Evaluated as (5 * 2) % (7 – 4) and the result is 1

9
Data Type of an Arithmetic Expression
• Data type of an expression depends on the type of its operands
– Data type conversion is done by the compiler

• If operators are *, /, +, or – , then the type of the result will be:


– integer, if all operands are integer.
» Int A , B;
» A+ B → Integer.
– float, If at least one operand is float and there is no double
» Int A ; Float B;
» A + B → Float.
– double, if at least one operand is double
• Int A ; Float B; Double C;
» A + B + C → double.

10
Data Type of an Arithmetic Expression
Example
int * int; result int

int + float; result float

Int + double / float; result double

int – double; result double


Data Type of an Arithmetic Expression
• The data type of the target variable is also important
• If the result is a real number and the target variable is declared as
integer, only the integer part of the result will be kept, and decimal
part will be lost.
The result is calculated as
Example 16.66667

int avg; But avg will be 16

float sum=100.0, cnt = 6.0;


avg = sum / cnt;

12
Data Type of an Arithmetic Expression

float avg; The result of the division will be 16


avg will be 16.0
int sum=100, cnt = 6;
avg = sum / cnt;

• Only the integer part of the result will be considered if two operands are integer
Even when the target variable is float

13
Increment and Decrement Operators

• Increment operator: increment variable by 1


– Pre-increment: ++variable
– Post-increment: variable++

• Decrement operator: decrement variable by 1


– Pre-decrement: --variable
– Post-decrement: variable --

• Examples :
++K , K++ → k= K+1
--K , K-- → K= K-1

14
Increment and Decrement Operators
• If the value produced by ++ or – – is not used in an expression, it does
not matter whether it is a pre or a post increment (or decrement).

• When ++ (or – –) is used before the variable name, the computer first
increments (or decrements) the value of the variable and then uses its
new value to evaluate the expression.

• When ++ (or – –) is used after the variable name, the computer uses the
current value of the variable to evaluate the expression, and then it
increments (or decrements) the value of the variable.

• There is a difference between the following


x = 5;
Cout << ++x;

x = 5;
Cout << x++; 15
special assignment statements
• C++ has special assignment statements called compound
assignments

+= , -= , *= , /= , %=
• Example:
X +=5 ; means x = x + 5;
x *=y; means x = x * y;
x /=y; means x = x / y;

16
Relational Expression and Relational Operators
• Relational expression is an expression which compares 2 operands and returns a
TRUE or FALSE answer.
Example : a >= b , a == c , a >= 99 , ‘A’ > ‘a’

• Relational expressions are used to test the conditions in selection, and looping
statements.

Operator Means

== Equal To
!= Not Equal To
< Less Than
<= Less Than or Equal To

> Greater Than


>= Greater Than or Equal To

17
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 18

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy