lity)stalbi (les G0anot bond Cut

d ASy; fosm)terrameie
(3olid) D0enee
Pu
HORUS: PHOSP OHITE
(i) :31 phosphaus black
thoaphoDsphaus ed
natta phosphaus white
PhosphoUS
VDW 0eak (.Nvitrogen Alotvope.
leule mo N
non-pola
Ng-gas ’ (NN) DE. vae
oh kigh to
tode
(NEN) bond pr-pr Baem eakity ’
oeeusovexoppng ehectiue ’
N-atom otdinamau
e to
due -’
metauoid Sb
As
N7
15
GROUP
 A

moleue. AS these o not

not apal ob gainming
muttp bonds duu to laHar ato mnie abltas anot
a0vieve
eAheri ue ou0dLopplng
biolntomn

)Eemets, Atomic No,, elechrovie eonj'g o

As ’
39

’ be in valeeBshoL

Gi) Atorrie Sine?

Atommie A Two io
He4

ybrid. sp°al isp!

Bottomn AwonNqaaNq Lso:tio
hyoiastiY:spal
Jnioijiton
1

:20901H920 H9 gTIHO
 Top mas ineeases moH W,t.t,

devty,
Bottomn

vi) 0ridatton State:

-3 +5
-3 to +b NHg

though nitrogen hoos +b oidotion stoe, it does not

Rom pertohoudUs (NES ! Ns, NIG ete) due to absevee
-abital (it doevt expand octet)
rOm top to botovm th staoiising

tho stobi Lity o o 0xidatton tate ido

deHeassi d . to inet paut etetH
but does nor
)0;5

Chumieo Reaoiuit y y ow

NH,
PHa
bond cenat
Thoxma stabiuty Redueing natwe
A6tlg
SbtBs

Exeeption, bitn) SbH3 NHs ) As Hg ) PH3

’ d e to femotelo H-H bovdivg
 PHg
Ohy the b0siity 0% JH iA gHater than

in sp5 hy bid
ascbitat.
N
H
H
H:gteta noitobist

Hoita

Stota itn,bc
Cbond angle e

Prl y p2( B.A 90)

no hybidisafion, is conatdoHd Aotohio
HOHA pw 'p' otbitot, take past in bonding Hea
S-0Hoita9t

the atraeio
axbital is vey vey nigh. toidonatingrag
D
tend e dece0e
Ele chvon donot &-anbital
Basielty
4endent ell
373 H bo
ang
h

Hybridi boton isvot eoniderd

taks part in bonding

(Pa Py Pz bod gte 90) gk

vibvod-1!
NOTE (HNS hydbeogen agtde

L ion

NHA HNg

conditBon and it aaueoUs

ADQ bauie. t can be eastly HOOW condition its a9p
detecred by Bitmus tet,
Hed eitn to ohien t n s bue itmww
NHat n s
be. to d.

Peiod No.

BP+o'4tiwn93
NH3 PHS As Hg sbH3
&-cha: 26% nsch: 00.
EN^
N ntideANsa Sb
H H
H
H H

94 92°

no ybidisation ib constdeHad
 4spo hybed

18 13 1S
H

In, PH pw 'p' axoital toke pa in bonding

So, &-Uhaae in that Otoital(00 :

EN tendeney to donate

Reoetiow ( Reach with wate)

Hh0(wuduopile),Nods

NXA

NHg +3Ho
boxhieNOO aNnitn aihi
mehs
H
by H
 no laetiou

because,
) N,E ’ absenee oh d- aubital (no plaee to
aceo modate tp oh e)
(NEX)

Vaeant
d
H

tdck: 0udation nuwmilber : Same ashy de stel

.PXS
+5

Hn0
Hn0 ’ no Leaetion

Pr-dr ey high.
bond, ehataete
 NnO t HonDU,ct3.
HNO,
HN0g
acid
+3 +6
NyOy t Ha0 HNOt HNO3
+1) onidoo
tate
13
b.e no to oyaeid cowmpound

+3

Rate
Top
Rate oh

At oom co nditton
213-4
SFG conot snof Be aydrouysad.
WoGo due to
Hno eonnot att0e vaent
d-atbi tal ah S)
 + H0 HOLO
HOl Halo,
+5

+4
HCLo 4 H

|eRhalogen compounds
hydoeid
LoweH EN oyoid

Uf t H,0 HE + HOe

Patat ydoy omptete hdolyis

XO Pet H0Xeog t HF
# NOTE
Pata
XeFy t Hy0’ Xeog+ Xet HF
+6 +6

EOg

hitrog en t NO, N,0, NO, eteur PuOgaADNwi PrO5,

0 o i g oA,Oc (dimer yOuldime)
0K10 at Bat eoetion the oOte The
tatatyti Gid
trm. 200 ut
abo pussweo a sut aHùed
ueanon
is ammonia.
The ot, RoHumati
on
hat optinmal ConaidHd 11 Habess
unation
NH o the temp, 00
K payeable
at So
axd thboNHs Bauant
ty RORE th100K,
e ot
evealed
t 197 Expuments iudustries. papadat
Haide temp, (oto loAmation.
atQut NHgRoiitae
temetUL Louo i)
PROCE
SS HAER'S A)
Paepanatioi
(NH) AMHONIA t
actity te.
st‘aoidatton Ve
H)
NO N0
t5 Uty 43
natue Acidie
 b) LABORATCORY pREP:
2NIHA lal,t 2Hy0
mcte by mass)
180d &ios

D} FROH AMMONIuH sULDH ATe s

CAlo' 99b)

1) uom mmetal nitvid

3
1

ReaHón

Sats withtid aids.

Ode in case oh Aonne metal

6ma
+ NH4 otH Cay)
e temp. igh ateo, olt NHg 5 React
on
Con tHn0 t2NH
Hn/9 H0
+
t Pbt
4
PbO:0 ouage benen4
NH
2to th lnagac
te
NeAs
(ON)a, No
basL)(u0)
NaN
Hn Hillars
ob
dine Lo
ppt) tohie
ppt) (wile toolotes)
a) (dRep
2t
ttaee ion matol oh torn dere in hlp Compound
ons metal
msl0adinae
wt ndb0 and o e thedonates
a itmaees mmaks Mnlele NHa
vitrogen the on e lo pusnee
a o The
 itrie Aeid ohsat
# HNOg
Lab Rae poHation

’NaH SO4 1 HNOS

y9000 ’Na8Oyt HNO

lov ’ No(buocon

NH t On |l00K, batn

NO t 0

NO, t Hy0 HNO, t NO (oeyable)

H-o H-0

Aquoegia H i eoh cone. HNO, and cone. HU

ware)
eompositon i HNOg HU

When cone. H NO, one. Hl ae miedi hy pm

ab mie enioine and Tifde rls Reagert

ildens aomie
Heaacnt Wlesine
 Funeton 8 Nole mmetas suh as A , Pt
But they Can be ai
aga Hoia.. RoOUAOW ASLOm Aolui li ty is the
in aq
i bouation ah atomie oie wich 8am
s0lulale"'tompound
U) ReaciOn oh HND
(a) ReHon with non-mtalRNnt
(b) Rooton woi th oh-n
(e) Roaehou with Meral.

(a) Reaehon wit non- metoe a mataloid

Non metau highest c
+ HNO. ’Oxldaton t No, Ha0
(state oM

oyaald oiunoon
iexcept: (©co)
"S + HNO H804 t NOnt Hn0

(b) Rooon ith metal

Hetol
Produot
HNOG
‘. Con. HNO ymAal Nitrate 4 NO,t HyÔ

+ Ng0t M(No,)H
(AA 2ooha Ai badal gaya)
 Fe Zn, Sn
dil. HNO
Han Hange Hh 2

ii Ag + dik. HNOg NO t Ag NOg tHh0

NH4NOgt Sn(NOg) 7t H10
o01
aHan)
t fe, eo, Ni, H, AL fail kane nai kaHO
(assi olty)
The cone. HN0g undes utas ike fe ,6, Ni , ,
Tue intes enibid by mnetals
Undee Covdition in onich ehemmieal aeHuty is
enpecred is as passtuity
fax eg, Lon dsptocas copper quom uso, 3olution

cone HN0y T'

The phno menon passtoi ty is keut
explainad asumng the mation of a thin
im b oide

Test

’ NaHsOy t HN0g
2NO+4tlh0

Pe (Hy0)c ]So4 t NO
 Red
stetwe SetUe:
aohon
onite
0iPpRrapaxaton:o
u m P o c i n l g dene (ruoluble (PO)1
200,
(wrie)P4
P
dispropaiouat dee
it in
ots
P'aten augu PhospnaS
Red(P
bovd
lo wns tetrauhal
a° aain
Oioe2hwo P angle
in
solulole lak ()
g in
e atr stabi e0
paeer GCast0g
PuOi0 t
it în li (ex oleele
ty
atganic
produees peered
oesiuity
3olver i0o'2g)
y
 AoLvent.
aqarie

3ealed tue
Prepaaton: Rd 'p' 403K
449K
high presALIA
Stuct Layer atHute

- black:
due toto layeed
p
eondtat oh heat
P
(moderat)

0X1DE

$trutuwu:
P
 Paogp

tog/Aab
 Aimited r408ooocodgsh
I) Reae witth Coldouter

i) RRacn with hot wreH:

auho
PyoG t GHy0 3HaPOy + PHy pnospvoric
ad
140

Pu Oro t 2Ha0
y4HPO9 (metaphosphaie
acid
oater:
) Reaen with hot
Py Ot0 t GH10

4: NO. t Pr H T: Reduiug pooeH 11

nate Hg PO4 Hg POg ) Hg Poy

HP01

4Ag NOg t 2 Hth 0 4 HgPo,

Ci)

bon
aito UleaeLoHs
 t O2PHa+ Gty Cayrt
the gtng emegeney
on
PHy
wit Reaction
PH oh *
Canced
eents dipole
HO
whas,
pusene
eulatNSb9bent
mo HO
becuse,
Hetaphospnaric
acid:
pol mase which
i6 *
ot OH 04
Ho
P-
NO, N0 NO, Lo-o)
oids sphavie dlpho Pevoxo
Hder anoi bond *
HO
Pyophosphosie
aaid:
acid
Pyt P P
=
heat optsfhttat
aeid:ii phatous yophos