Chilled Beam Application Guide
Chilled Beam Application Guide
BEAMS
APPLICATION GUIDE
Beams
There is an increasing need for energy efficient air conditioning systems as energy codes become more stringent.
Chilled beam systems are one such alternate to traditional “all air” conditioning systems. Beams use water to
move energy through a building and service the building’s sensible (dry) cooling load, relying on the air-side simply
to meet ventilation and latent (wet) load requirements. This drastically reduces primary air volumes supplied to
a space and leads to energy savings, improved comfort levels, and ability to effectively integrate a dedicated
outdoor air system (DOAS).
vs.
1/2 in. Diameter Water Pipe & 18 in. x 18 in. Air Duct
7 in. Diameter Air Duct
Active Beams
++ Supply primary air for ventilation and increased
capacity. Active beam
airflow
++ High velocity primary air induces room air across
the coil.
++ Distributes combined primary and induced air into
the room.
++ Provide heating and cooling.
Passive Beams
++ Convective currents draw room air across
Passive beam
the coil. airflow
++ Require a separate ventilation system to
condition latent loads, as no primary airflow
is supplied.
35%
Hydronic (Chilled Beams)
30% Air (Low Pressure VVT)
Percent of Compressor Horsepower
Refrigerant (VRF)
25%
Air (Medium Pressure VAV)
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0 100 200 300 400 500
Pipe/Duct Length (ft.)
BENEFITS
Efficiency Comfort
Water is a natural resource that uses the Chilled beams typically run at a higher
least amount of horsepower to deliver discharge air temperature when
heating or cooling, therefore maximizing compared to most other HVAC systems
energy efficiency. Chilled beams can (with the exception of Stratified Air
help transfer the majority of the sensible Systems). Chilled beams are also quieter
space load on to water coils, which to operate, and provide excellent air
can present many advantages over all distribution, leading to better occupant
air and VRF systems. When correctly comfort and increased productivity.
applied, chilled beams can save 30%
or more when compared to both all Versatility
air and VRF systems. The ability to
With chilled beams you can customize
customize the design to building and
the design to suit most buildings
climate requirements helps optimize
and climates in order to achieve an
the system.
efficiency goal. Through tying in all the
building mechanical components you
Safety
can salvage energy and redistribute it
On average chilled beams use 66-75% throughout the building.
less CFC/HFC refrigerant than VRF.
Refrigerant used is factory sealed and
isolated from building occupants.
Costs Sustainability
Lower upfront costs Chilled beam systems provide a true
The versatility of the system allows you to path to Net Zero. These systems can
design for every budget. Initial costs can provide the highest level of energy
strategy, and a competitive bid process. for a very sustainable system. These
systems use comparatively low
Lower lifecycle cost
amounts of CFC/HFC refrigerants
Hydronic systems are designed for the with many replacement and upgrade
life of the building. These systems are opportunities.
easily upgradeable as new technology
evolves providing true unmatched
energy efficiency.
Minimal maintenance
SYSTEM DESIGN
Primary Airflow
When designing an air distribution system there are
many factors that affect occupant comfort, including:
++ Building skin loads
++ Lighting loads
++ Ventilation requirements
++ Ventilation load
I
RA 0.60
A
TU 120 0.80
RY
APPLICATION GUIDE RE
FD
75 -°
O
70 0.75
Beams 70
ND
110 0.65
OU
30
50
°F
0.70
RP
-
mp
0.70
PE
100
Te
Application Latent load per occupant Outdoor air per occupant Moisture depression Target DP, gr/lb.
TU
0.65
on
-B
65 70
tu r
0.60
AL
Sa
Office 200 btu/h 9.5 cfm 31.0 gr/lb. 36° F DP, 33.9 gr/lb.
TH
25 0.80
lb,
EN
Bu
0.55
14.0
80
t
We
60 0.85
60 65
VO
0.90 0.50 45
LUM
%
70 0.95
90
E
0.45
- CU.F
55
20 55 60 Space Moisture Content 55°F DP, 64.9 gr/lb 1.00
Moisture Depression
Moisture Depression
%
%
25
80 60
T. PE
0.40
50
%
R LB
50
70
55 0.35
50
. DRY
15 0%
45 6
45 Classroom Supply Air Target 44.5°F DP, 43.1 gr/lb 0.30
50 40
AIR
% 40
40 50 %
40 15 0.25
45
35 4 0% 30
35 0.20
40 Office Supply Air Target 36°F IDP,
DIT 33.9 gr/lb
Y
UM
13.0
30 EH
30 V
30% ATI
5
35 REL 0.15
8%
TEMPERATURE - °F
25 20
30
20 20% 6% 0.10
25
ITY
E HUMID 35
DEW POINT
20 4% 10
10
10% RELATIV
0.05
0 2%
5 10 15 20 25 30
To ensure the most efficient design possible, the goal is to satisfy the zone latent load with a quantity of primary
air as close as possible to the ventilation rate requirement. Limitations with lowest achievable dew point may
require primary air flow above the ventilation rate in certain cases. For example, the office supply air target of
36°F dew point might not be practical to achieve, so the primary air volume would be increased to offset for the
higher dew point.
++ Various different types of low dew point units are available in the market
++ Passive regeneration
++ Office Space with 10 – 15 gr/lb depression between primary air and space condition may require 0.2 to
0.3 cfm/sq.ft. of primary airflow
++ Typical primary air requirement for any application with chilled beams will require between 0.2 - 0.7 cfm/sq.ft.
Heat Exchanger
++ Moderate initial cost.
Dedicated Chiller
++ Relatively higher initial cost.
Performance
Chilled Beams VAV VRF
CFM 19,500 65,000 16,250
Peak Fan HP 21 70 17
Peak Additional Pumping HP 2 - 9
Fan and Pumping Energy Consump-
7,627 10,283 8,618
tion kwh/ yr
Percent Energy Use in Comparison
- 35% higher 13% higher
to Chilled Beams
Notes
1. These comparisons are based on a 40,000 sq.ft. office 4. Chilled beam system secondary water requirement based 6. Compressor COP 3.8
floor plate with 35 btuh/sq.ft. of space peak cooling load on 57°F EWT, 5°F water ΔT, 300 ft. of pipping at 4 ft. 7. Annual cooling energy consumpton (fan and pumping
2. Fan efficiency 65%, motor efficiency 90%, water pump head loss per 100 ft. energy only) allows for load fluctuation
efficiency 80% 5. VRF pumping energy based on AHRI 1230 and 200 ft.
3. Air system total static 4 in.w.g. of pipping
Selling Features
Integrated Lighting and Piping
++ Lights can be integrated into Coanda Wings when installing beams into an open ceiling.
++ Piping can be integrated into the beams to reduce the visible clutter in an open ceiling, providing a clean look.
The integration of piping into the beam typically reduces the contractors installation time and overall cost.
Integrated Integrated Lighting
lighting piping drivers
Retrofit Opportunities
++ Buildings with perimeter induction units can use the Retrofit Induction Unit (RIU) to upgrade their system.
The RIU is designed to match the existing footprint and to be connected into the existing piping and duct
work. These units can utilize the existing cabinets or can be ordered with new cabinets.
++ Buildings with perimeter fin tube can utilize ACBL24’s in the ceiling and use existing hot water piping
and duct work. This will increase the usable floor space and improve air quality. Variable air volume (VAV)
diffusers/boxes can be used in interior spaces to upgrade the system from constant volume to VAV.
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APPLICATION GUIDE
Beams
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Energy savings, low noise levels, thermal comfort and high air quality are critical design criteria for schools, and
beam systems provide all four. Reduced fan power leads to energy savings and reduced noise levels.
Performance
Chilled Beams VAV VRF
CFM 360 900 450
Peak Fan HP 0.39 0.97 0.48
Peak Additional Pumping HP 0.03 - 0.22
Fan and Pumping Energy Consumption kwh/ yr 123 163 208
Percent Energy Use in Comparison to Chilled Beams - 32% higher 69% higher
Notes
1. These comparisons are based on a 750 sq.ft. classroom 4. Chilled beam system secondary water requirement based 6. Compressor COP 3.8
with 1.5 tons of space peak cooling load on 57°F EWT, 5°F water ΔT, 300 ft. of pipping at 4 ft. 7. Annual cooling energy consumpton (fan and pumping
2. Fan efficiency 65%, motor efficiency 90%, water pump head loos per 100 ft. energy only) allows for load fluctuation
efficiency 80% 5. VRF pumping energy based on AHRI 1230 and 200 ft.
3. Air system total static 4 in.w.g. of pipping
Retrofit Opportunities
++ Chilled beams are the most cost effective system replacement for existing unit ventilator systems while
minimizing in-space maintenance.
FACILITIES
Hospitals are unique applications 2x Outside Air
generally requiring a minimum
number of air changes per hour. A
certain number of these air changes
are required to be treated outdoor
air. Chilled beams can be utilized to
4-8x
maximize the effect of the treated Supply Air
outdoor air by inducing the room air
through the chilled beams to satisfy
these total air change requirements
with considerably less outside air.
This can allow for much less ductwork
in the system as well as increasing
the amount of usable floor space in
each floor of the building.
Performance
Chilled Beams VAV
CFM 60 180
Peak Fan HP 0.06 0.19
Peak Additional Pumping Zone Fan HP 0.01 -
Fan and Pumping Energy Consumption kwh/ yr 234 334
Percent Energy Use in Comparison
- 43% higher
to Chilled Beams
Notes
1. These comparisons are based on a 200 sq.ft. patient toom 3. Air system total static 4 in.w.g. 5. Compressor COP 3.8
with 25 btuh/sq.ft. space peak cooling load 4. Chilled beam system secondary water requirement based 6. Annual cooling energy consumpton (fan and pumping
2. Fan efficiency 65%, motor efficiency 90%, water pump on 57°F EWT, 5°F water ΔT, 300 ft. of pipping at 4 ft. energy only) based on 24 hour operation
efficiency 80% head loos per 100 ft.
Design Considerations
Space Savings & Increased Revenue
++ Reducing the overall size of ductwork and risers, as a result of decreased primary air requirements, can result
in more useable interstitial space as well as more useable floor space.
++ Additional space may lead to additional revenue. Typical revenue generated by in-patient facilities can be as
much as $1,000/sq.ft./year.
4 Rooms 5 Rooms
LABORATORIES
Laboratories fall under three different categories in regards to air distribution: Ventilation Driven, Load Driven,
and Fume Hood Driven. The categories differ in the amount of air required for ventilation, safety, cooling, and
fume hoods. When focusing on significant energy and space savings, the Ventilation and Load Driven labs are
most compatible with beam systems. Significant reduction in reheat energy, ductwork, air handler size, and
ceiling space are a few of the advantages of beam systems.
Performance
Chilled Beams Standard System Design
OA Air Handler Sizing 18,000 cfm 27,000 cfm
Ductwork 30,000 lb 37,500 lb
Exhaust Fan Capacity 18,000 cfm 27,000 cfm
Cooling System Capacity 20 tons 35 tons
Floor to Ceiling Height1 10 ft. 9 ft.
Mechanical System Cost 2
$722,000 $741,000
Notes
1. Floor to floor height kept constant; active chilled beam allowed for ceiling to be raised 1 ft.
2. Laboratory portion of the building is 10,000 sq.ft. or 25% of the building. HVAC costs include laboratory system only.
Source: Rumsey, P.E., P. and Weale, P.E., J. (2006). Chilled Beams in Labs - Eliminating Reheat & Saving Energy on a Budget. ASHRAE Journal, 49, p.25.
Beam Details
The buttons above provide support and information related to beam system configuration, layout, and quoting.
A schedule that can be added to tender documents is also available.
The auto selection feature can be used to run selection for one zone, or all zones in the space. The selection
can also be optimized based on quantity of beams or primary airflow. The Primary Air + % Range option can be
used to optimize a selection for project specific priorities.
Zone Outputs
5a: This section displays the performance
outputs for each chilled beam zone. Red
cells are outputs that do not meet the
required inputs and require review.
5a 5b
Chilled Beam
Parameters
Light green cells are inputs.
In addition to the information covered above, the Beam Selection Software provides additional selection output
such as the discharge air temperature, induction ratio, sound and other important information for your project.
A free copy can be downloaded from our website and our Beam Team is available to address any questions or
concerns.
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