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Study on Hyper Loop Transport Technology

Article in International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology · August 2021
DOI: 10.46501/IJMTST0708008

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Study on Hyper Loop Transport Technology
Ch.Vishnu Vardhan Babu1, Dr. K. Chandramouli 2, J.Sree Naga Chaitanya 3, B. Gowreswari 4

1B.Tech Student Department of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Perecherla, Guntur, AP, India
2Professor & HOD of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Perecherla, Guntur, AP, India
3Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Perecherla, Guntur, AP, India

4Research scholar of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Perecherla, Guntur, AP, India

Abstract: The Hyper loop concept, pod speed competitions and current project developments have recently attracted much
publicity. In this paper the transport technology of the vacuumed tube transport project Hyper loop is assessed through a system
analysis of its principal aims, functional design, transport capacity and demand in comparison with existing commercial airlines,
high-speed rail, and Maglev lines. First, the potential for high-speed long-distance travel demand for Hyper loop based on existing
airline transport volumes between major airports in Germany on the one hand, and the proposed hyper loop link from Los
Angeles to San Francisco in California on the other, is assessed in general terms. Second the technical feasibility of the proposed.

KEYWORDS: Hyper loop, Hyper loop Capsule, Hyper loop Passenger Capsule, Hyper loop Passenger Plus Vehicle Capsule,
Compressor, Hyper loop Tubes, Maglev Trains

DOI of the Article: https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0708008

Available online at: http://www.ijmtst.com/vol7issue08.html

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Ch.Vishnu Vardhan Babu; Dr. K. Chandramouli; J.Sree Naga Chaitanya and B. Gowreswari.
To Cite this Article: Study on Hyper Loop Transport Technology. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science
and Technology 2021, 7, 0708008, pp. 34-37. https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0708008

Article Info. Received: 2 July 2021; Accepted: 26 July 2021; Published: 28 July 2021

Copyright © 2021 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, ISSN : 2455-3778 http://www.ijmtst.com
International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2021, 7, 0708008 35

I. INTRODUCTION

According to its principal protagonist, Elon Musk,

Hyper loop aims to be a new mode of transport – a fifth
mode after planes, trains, cars and boats – that should
be safer, faster, lower cost, more convenient, immune to
weather, sustainably self-powering, resistant to
Fig 1: Hyper loop
earthquakes, and not disruptive to those along the route
(Musk 2013).
1.2 How does hyper loop work?
It is seen as an alternative state-wide mass transit
The Hyper loop system consists of sealed and
system to flying or driving at distances < 1500 km, while
partially evacuated tubes, connecting mobility hubs in
the planned high-speed train is considered both slower,
large metropolitan areas, and pressurized vehicles,
more expensive to operate (if unsubsidized) and less
usually called pods, which can move at very high
safe by two orders of magnitude than flying
speeds, thanks to contactless levitation and propulsion
(Musk 2013).
systems as well as to the low aerodynamic drag.
The Hyper loop concept, promoted in 2013 and the
following design competition in 2016, as well as the II. TECHNOLOGY
student team pod competitions on a 1.6 km long, 1.83 m
The wheel-less, pressurized pods hurtling through
diameter partial-vacuum purpose-built steel test tube
a hyper loop are propelled by linear induction motors
track at Space in Hawthorne, California in 2017 and
and axial compressors. With traditional wheels having
2018 (Wikipedia 2018a), have stimulated considerable
been eradicated, the air bearings are designed to make
new research and development activities by students,
the ride extremely smooth and quiet – analogous to
scientists, consultants, and start-ups around the world.
travel by magnetic levitation. A further benefit is that
For example, in July 2018 and 2019, students at the
being in sealed tubes. The pods are not subject
Technical University Munich demonstrated that a
to disruption by weather events, people or animals on
maximum speed of 467 km/h is feasible in a partial
the track or level crossings.
vacuum tube with their wheel motor driven pod (240
However, travelling at such high speeds has its
kW, 70 kg) on the Space test tube track and won the
drawbacks: to avoid inducing nausea in passengers,
speed-competition for the fourth time (TU
the pods would take three minutes to accelerate to top
Munich 2018, 2019).
speed, while negotiating a 90-degree bend would have
1.1 What is hyper loop technology?
to be performed over a distance of six miles.
Hyper loop is an ultra-high-speed ground
transportation system for passenger and cargo III. CONSTRUCTION
proposed as a concept by Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and
1. Tube
Space, in a white paper back in 2013.
Hyper loop tubes make up a large part of the total
The system consists of sealed and partially
hyper loop infrastructure. The tubes need to be strong,
evacuated tubes, connecting mobility hubs in large
stiff, durable and airtight. Furthermore, the tube should
metropolitan areas, and pressurized vehicles, usually
be able to cope with all the external influences such as
called pods, which can move at very high speeds,
saline air, rain, heat and vandalism. Since the tubes
thanks to contactless levitation and propulsion systems
make up such a big part of the hyper loop system cost
as well as to the low aerodynamic drag. With this
(over 20%, see A Closer Look at Infrastructure Costs), it
system the door-to-door travel time on medium-range
is desired to achieve these requirements for the lowest
distances can be considerably reduced compared to
cost possible.
current connections.
Steel has been nominated as the material for a
Moreover, with fully-electric operations the system
hyper loop tube by the hyper loop community but
aims at being climate-neutral.
without much consideration.

Copyright © 2021 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, ISSN : 2455-3778 http://www.ijmtst.com
International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2021, 7, 0708008 36

equipped with Halbach arrays on the bottom. Halbach

arrays are magnets in a special configuration, focusing
the magnetic field towards the track.

Fig 2: hyper loop steel tube

1. Capsule
Fig 5: Suspension
Construction is underway for delivery and
the official reveal will be in early 2018 at HTT’s R&D
4. Propulsions
center in Toulouse, France. The capsule will then be
The hyper loop concept is a vacuum tube
utilized in a commercial system that will also be
train design where capsules will accelerate gradually
announced soon. The capsule is 30 meters (98.5 feet)
via electric propulsion through a low-pressure tube,
long, 2.7 meters (9 feet) wide. It weighs 20 tons, can hold
float above the track using magnetic levitation, and then
28-40 passenger and can reach speeds up to 760 mph.
glide for long distances at speeds more than 1220kph
due to ultra-low aerodynamic drag.

Fig 6: Propulsions
Fig 3: Capsule
IV. HOW DOES THE HYPERLOOP GO SO FAST
2. Compressor
A hyper loop is able to reach extreme speeds because
An onboard compressor in front of the
it addresses one of the most basic rules of
pod will allow the collected column of air traveling in
physics—friction slows things down.
front of the pod to flow through the system without
Hyper loop designs rely on creating a low-friction
compromising the increasing velocities of the pod. A
environment within a tunnel or tube. Individual pods
second function of the compressor would be to supply
seating a small group of people could then travel at
air to the air bearings that support the weight of the
extreme speeds through the tubes.
capsule throughout the passage.
The hyper loop travels via an efficient electric motor,
Traditionally, axial compressors are
and friction is reduced in two ways
coupled with a complimentary turbine at the exhaust
that provides mechanical power to the compressor. In
Depressurized tunnels create a near-vacuum
the hyper loop, the proposed compressor arrangement
environment where almost all of the air has been sucked
will be driven by electric motors instead of turbines.
out. This creates an environment where extremely high
speeds are possible because there's minimal
aerodynamic drag or wind resistance.

Magnetic levitation (maglev) causes each pod to

hover. This removed the ground friction of wheels or
Fig 4: Compresor tires that occurs in other modes of ground
3. suspension transportation. This technology is already being used in
Electrodynamics suspension (EDS) is based on high-speed bullet trains. In the image above, the
repulsive electromagnetic forces. A conducting guide magnets in red are for levitation and propulsion. The
way/track will be required. The hyper loop pod is magnets in blue are for horizontal stabilization.

Copyright © 2021 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, ISSN : 2455-3778 http://www.ijmtst.com
International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2021, 7, 0708008 37

V. HOW DOES THE HYPER LOOP WORK? 2. Chin, Jeffrey C.; Gray, Justin S.; Jones, Scott M.; Breton,
Jeffrey J. (January 2015). Open-Source Conceptual Sizing
The Hyper loop system consists of sealed and
Models for the Hyper loop Passenger Pod (PDF). 56th
partially evacuated tubes, connecting mobility hubs in
AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics,
large metropolitan areas, and pressurized vehicles,
and Materials Conference. January 5–9, 2015. Kissimmee,
usually called pods, which can move at very high Florida. doi:10.2514/6.2015-1587.
speeds, thanks to contactless levitation and propulsion 3. N. Kayela, editor of scientific and technical department,
systems as well as to the low aerodynamic drag. “Hyper loop: A Fifth Mode of Transportation”, 2014
4. Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyper loop Alpha"(PDF).
Space. Retrieved August 13, 2013.

Fig 7: Transportation system

VI. HYPERLOOP DESIGN

 Enclosed chambers can carry travelers or

freight.
 Low-pressure tubes reduce aerodynamic drag.
 Magnetic levitation (maglev) keeps each pod
hovering above the track while it's in transit.
 Electric. Propulsion moves each pod through
the tube.

VII. CONCLUSION

 A high speed transportation system known as

hyper loop has been developed in this
document.
 High speed of transportation coupled with low
capital and maintenance cost give Hyper loop a
leading edge.
 More expansion on the control mechanism for
Hyper loop capsules, including attitude
thruster or control moment gyros.
 Trades comparing the costs and benefits of
hyper loop with more conventional magnetic
levitation systems.

Detailed station designs with loading and unloading of

passenger and passenger plus vehicle versions of the
Hyper loop capsules.

REFERENCES
1. Ahmed Hodaib, Samar, et al, international journal of
mechanical, aerospace, industrial, mechatronics and
manufacturing engineering Vol:10 No:5, (May 2016).

Copyright © 2021 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, ISSN : 2455-3778 http://www.ijmtst.com

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