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Gas Chemothepary

Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds in a sample through their interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile gas phase. Key components of GC include the carrier gas, sample injection port, column, detector, and data system, each playing a critical role in the analysis process. Various types of detectors and columns are utilized to enhance the sensitivity and efficiency of the separation and identification of compounds.

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8 views7 pages

Gas Chemothepary

Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds in a sample through their interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile gas phase. Key components of GC include the carrier gas, sample injection port, column, detector, and data system, each playing a critical role in the analysis process. Various types of detectors and columns are utilized to enhance the sensitivity and efficiency of the separation and identification of compounds.

Uploaded by

Banoth Harikrishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Care college of pharmacy

Boda.Mounika. H.No:25352P1016.
M.pharmacy. subject: modern
pharmaceutical analytical techniques.
Assignment topic:Gas chromatography
Introduction:
Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique
used to separate and identify components within a
sample, particularly volatile and semi-volatile
compounds, based on their different interactions with
a stationary phase as they are carried through a
column by a mobile gas phase.
Principle:
Gas chromatography (GC) separates volatile
compounds by exploiting their different interactions
with a stationary phase inside a column, carried by a
mobile gas phase. The principle involves injecting a
vaporized sample into a carrier gas stream, which
transports it through a column coated with a
stationary phase.
Instrumentation:
• Career gas
• Sample injection port
• Column
• Detector
• Data system

Career gas:
Career gas (GC), the carrier gas is the mobile phase
that carries the analyte (the compound being
analyzed) through the stationary phase (the column).
Helium (He): Commonly used due to its inertness,
high purity, and well-established methodologies.
However, increasing demand and limited supply have
made it more expensive.
Hydrogen (H₂): Offers faster analysis times due to its
lower viscosity and higher diffusion coefficient, but it’s
flammable and requires extra safety precautions.
Nitrogen (N₂): Readily available, cost-effective, and
chemically inert. It’s a good general-purpose option,
but it may be slower than hydrogen or helium.
Argon (Ar): Sometimes used in specific applications,
particularly in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) GC.
Sample injection Port:
Gas chromatography (GC), the sample injection port is
the crucial entry point where the sample is introduced
into the instrument. It's a heated chamber, typically
with a glass liner, where the sample is vaporized and
mixed with the carrier gas before being introduced into
the GC column. The injection port is designed to
ensure efficient and accurate sample introduction,
maximizing the separation power of the column.
Column:
Gas chromatography (GC), the column is a critical
component that facilitates the separation of sample
components.
Types of GC Columns: entry point for the sample
into the GC column. It’s a heated chamber, often
containing a glass liner, where the sample is
introduced and rapidly vaporized before being swept
by a carrier gas into the column. The sample is
typically introduced using a microsyringe through a
rubber septum into the heated port.
Packed Columns:
These are the older type, filled with a solid
packing material (like diatomaceous earth) that is
coated with a liquid stationary phase.
Capillary Columns:
These are more modern, with a thin film of
stationary phase coating the inner walls of a
fused silica tube.
Detector:
Gas chromatography (GC), detectors are crucial
for identifying and quantifying the components of
a sample as they elute from the column.
Common types of GC detectors include:
Flame Ionization Detector (FID): The most
common detector, sensitive to most organic
compounds containing carbon.
Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD): Detects
changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier
gas when analyte molecules are present,
according to SCION Instruments.
Electron Capture Detector (ECD): Highly
sensitive to compounds containing
electronegative groups like halogens and nitro
groups.
Mass Spectrometry Detector (MS): A powerful
detector that provides both quantitative and
qualitative information about the components, as
stated by VUV Analytics.
Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector (NPD): Specific
for compounds containing nitrogen and
phosphorus.
Flame Photometric Detector (FPD): Sensitive to
sulfur and phosphorus compounds.
Data system:
Gas Chromatography (GC), data systems, also
known as Chromatography Data Systems (CDS),
are essential for acquiring, processing, and
managing data from the instrument. These
systems control instrument parameters, record
data, generate chromatograms, and create
reports. They integrate with GC hardware, acquire
data from detectors, and can store data in
databases or file structures.

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