INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

Based on
C++ and Data structures

A Repot submitted as a part of internship in

INTERNSHIP STUDIO
Duration: 09-05-2024 to 13-06-2024

By :

P.CHANDINI
Department of information technology , Andhra university college of
engineering.
Acknowledgement :
I extend my sincere gratitude to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of
this text-to-speech converter project.
I am deeply grateful to INTERNSHIP STUDIO, which provided the necessary resources and
support to develop this project. Special thanks go to [mention any specific team,
department, or individuals] for their technical assistance and advice.
I would also like to acknowledge the contributions of my peers and collaborators, whose
inputs and teamwork played a significant role in the development process.
Lastly, I extend heartfelt thanks to my family and friends for their unwavering support,
motivation, and understanding throughout this journey.
Thank you all for making this project a rewarding and fulfilling experience.

ABSTRACT :
The Tic-Tac-Toe project is a console-based application developed in C++ that simulates the
classic two-player game. This project aims to provide an interactive and engaging experience
by allowing two users to play against each other on a 3x3 grid. The primary focus of the
project is to implement the core functionalities of the game, including checking for winning
conditions, handling user inputs, and maintaining the game state.
Key features of the project include a user-friendly interface with clear prompts and
instructions, efficient algorithms for checking the game status, and robust error handling to
ensure smooth gameplay. The project also incorporates basic concepts of object-oriented
programming (OOP), such as classes and objects, to enhance code modularity and
readability.
The Tic-Tac-Toe project serves as an educational tool for beginners to understand the
fundamentals of game development in C++, including control structures, functions, and basic
data structures. It provides a foundation for further exploration into more complex game
development and software engineering principles.

INTRODUCTION :
The Tic-Tac-Toe project is a basic application developed in C++ to recreate the popular two-
player game. It is designed for beginners to help them understand the fundamental concepts
of programming and game development.
Tic-Tac-Toe, also known as Noughts and Crosses, is played on a 3x3 grid where two players
take turns marking their symbols (X or O) in an attempt to line up three of their symbols in a
row, column, or diagonal.
This project focuses on implementing the game's core features, such as handling player
input, checking for a win or draw, and updating the game board. It uses basic C++
programming concepts like loops, conditionals, and functions, making it an excellent
learning tool.
By working on this project, learners can practice writing clean and efficient code and gain a
solid foundation for more advanced programming and game development topics in the
future.

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES :

Purpose:
The purpose of this Tic-Tac-Toe project is to provide a practical learning experience for
beginners in C++ programming. The project aims to demonstrate how basic programming
concepts and techniques can be applied to develop a simple, interactive game. It serves as a
stepping stone for learners to grasp fundamental programming skills and game development
principles.
Objectives:
1. Understand Basic Programming Concepts: To help learners comprehend essential C++
programming concepts such as loops, conditionals, functions, and arrays through practical
application.
2. Develop Problem-Solving Skills: To enhance problem-solving abilities by implementing
game logic for player input handling, win/draw conditions, and game board updates.
3. Implement Object-Oriented Programming: To introduce the principles of object-
oriented programming by using classes and objects to organize and modularize the game
code.
4. Promote Clean and Efficient Code Writing: To encourage writing clean, efficient, and
well-documented code that is easy to understand and maintain.
5. Provide a Fun and Interactive Learning Experience: To make learning programming
enjoyable by creating a familiar and engaging game that can be shared and played with
others.

CODE :
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
char board[3][3];
char turn = 'X';
void initializeBoard() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
void printBoard() {
cout << " 0 1 2\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << i << " ";
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
cout << board[i][j];
if (j < 2) cout << '|';
}
cout << '\n';
if (i < 2) cout << " -----\n";
}
}
bool makeMove(int row, int col) {
if (row >= 0 && row < 3 && col >= 0 && col < 3 && board[row][col] == ' ') {
board[row][col] = turn;
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool checkWinner() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
if (board[i][0] == turn && board[i][1] == turn && board[i][2] == turn)
 return true;
if (board[0][i] == turn && board[1][i] == turn && board[2][i] == turn)
return true;
}
if (board[0][0] == turn && board[1][1] == turn && board[2][2] == turn)
return true;
if (board[0][2] == turn && board[1][1] == turn && board[2][0] == turn)
return true;
return false;
}
int main() {
initializeBoard();
int row, col;
while (true) {
printBoard();
cout << "Player " << turn << ", enter your move (row and column): ";
cin >> row >> col;
if (makeMove(row, col)) {
if (checkWinner()) {
printBoard();
cout << "Player " << turn << " wins!\n";
break;
}
turn = (turn == 'X') ? 'O' : 'X';
} else {
cout << "Invalid move! Try again.\n";
}
}
return 0;
}

DESCRIPTION :
The Tic-Tac-Toe project is a simple yet engaging console-based game developed in C++. This
project replicates the classic two-player game, where the objective is for players to take
turns marking their symbols (X or O) on a 3x3 grid. The first player to align three of their
symbols in a row, column, or diagonal wins the game.
The project is designed to be an educational tool for beginners in C++ programming, helping
them understand and implement fundamental concepts such as loops, conditionals,
functions, and basic data structures. By developing the Tic-Tac-Toe game, learners gain
hands-on experience with:
- User Input Handling: Accepting and validating input from players to mark their chosen
positions on the grid.
- Game Logic Implementation: Writing code to check for win, lose, or draw conditions
and updating the game state accordingly.
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Utilizing classes and objects to organize the
game's components and maintain clean, modular code.
- Error Handling: Ensuring the game runs smoothly by catching and managing potential
errors during gameplay.
Overall, the Tic-Tac-Toe project provides an interactive and fun way to practice C++
programming. It serves as a solid foundation for learners to build upon, as they explore more
advanced topics in game development and software engineering.

REQUIREMENTS :
1. Development Environment:
- A C++ compiler (such as GCC or MSVC)
- An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, or any
text editor with C++ support
2. Programming Knowledge:
- Basic understanding of C++ syntax and semantics
- Familiarity with control structures (if-else, loops)
- Understanding of functions and arrays
- Basic knowledge of object-oriented programming (classes, objects)
3. Project Structure:
- A main program file (e.g., `main.cpp`)
- Additional header files and source files for classes and functions, if necessary
4. Game Features:
- A 3x3 grid representation for the game board
- Player input handling to place 'X' or 'O' on the grid
- Game status check for win, lose, or draw conditions
- Display the game board after each move
- Option to restart the game or exit after a game concludes
5. User Interface:
- Text-based console output for displaying the game board and prompts
- Clear instructions for players on how to input their moves
6. Error Handling:
- Input validation to ensure players enter valid moves
- Handling invalid inputs gracefully without crashing the game
7. Object-Oriented Design (optional but recommended):
- Implementing classes to encapsulate game logic and data
- Using objects to manage the game state and player actions

CONCLUSION :
The Tic-Tac-Toe project has been an insightful journey into the world of C++ programming
and game development. Through this project, we successfully recreated the classic Tic-Tac-
Toe game, allowing two players to engage in a fun and strategic battle on a 3x3 grid. This
project not only demonstrated the practical application of fundamental programming
concepts but also provided a hands-on experience with object-oriented design principles.
By implementing key features such as user input handling, game state management, and
win/draw condition checks, we have gained a deeper understanding of how to structure and
develop a simple yet interactive game. This project has also emphasized the importance of
writing clean, efficient, and maintainable code, which is essential for any software
development endeavor.
In conclusion, the Tic-Tac-Toe project serves as a solid foundation for beginners to build their
programming skills and confidence. It paves the way for further exploration into more
complex game development and software engineering topics. As we continue our learning
journey, the knowledge and experience gained from this project will undoubtedly prove
invaluable in tackling more advanced challenges in the future.