-- __ _ ........

Open or Closed Questions

-\
Questions begin with a question word like who, what, when, why and how and end with a

question mark(?).

'Close ' questions require a short, sharp answer, e.g. What is your name?

'Open' questions require some explanation, e.g. What does your name mean?

Q: Say if the following questions are open or closed. Tick the correct option:

Open Question Close Question

1. What do you think of school? □ □

2. When do you go to sleep? □ □

3. How would you describe pizza? □ □

4. Who is your teacher? □ □

5. Do you like the colour green? □ □

6. Tell me about your family. □ □

7. How was your weekend? □ □

8. What do you like to do for fun? □ □

9. What is your favorite colour?

□ □

IO.Where was your last vacation?

□ □
Q: Answer the questions to find the important information in these sentences.

I. On Thursday, all the classes were painted blue by the painters in the school.

Who? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Where? When? - - - - - - - - - -
----------
2. On Monday last month, the book cover was tom by an intruder in the bookshop.

Who? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Where? When?
---------- ----------
3. Two friends on the weekend saw their teacher shopping in a mall.

Who? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What?

Where?
- - - - - - - - - - When? - - ~ - - - - - - -
4. All doors were polished to make them bright and shiny by the helpers last week.

Who? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Where? - - - - - - - - - - - When? - - - - - - - - - - -

5. Due to the sand storm on Friday in Riyadh, most of the house's roofs were covered in

dust.

Who? - - - - - - - - - - - What? - - - - - - - - - -

Where? - - - - - - - - - - When? - - - - - - - - - -
 Adverbials of Time
. b.
Adverbials of time are adverbs or adver 1a1 phrases that describe when something

happened or for how long.

• Adverbs: eventually, before, firstly, secondly, finally, next, lastly, later, then

• Adverbial phrases: the day before last, during spring, the other day, last month

Q: Underline the adverbials of time in the sentences.

1. Firstly, I didn't sign for this package.

2. I went to the park during spring.

3. Finally, I am making dinner for my friends.

4. Did you hear the cat leave the house last night?

5. After the movie, we will go for dinner.

6. Tne other day, the weather was a bit warmer.

7. Next week, we are planning a football match.

8. We should exercise every day.

9. In no time at all, we reached a meeting.

IO. This morning, I am making pancakes for breakfast.

l
Q: Rewrite the sentences beginning with the adverbials shown in the
brackets.
I . We arrived at the train station. (after lunch)

2. We planned a picnic. (after a long time)

3. Everyone was stuck studying for the exam. (for the rest of the day)

4. You were at your :fiiend's house. (the other day)

5. Our neighbors' go on a tour. (during spring)

6. We stayed in Paris. (last month)

7. I went with my dad for cycling on the tracks. (this morning)

8. A valuable artefact has been stolen from the museum. (the day before last)
 I

d. cti
a proper a Je ve form from a proper
Q: Co mp let e each sentence
with

no un in br ac ke ts.

1. Uncle Joe bought me a _ _

____ _ _ watch. (Switzerland)
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cuisin
e is popular all over the world. (Ita
ly)
3. Mo m made _ _ _ _ _
_ _ chicken and black bean wraps
. (Mexico)
4. Gr eg translated a _ _ _
__ _ _ _ poem into English. (Sp
ain)
5. Wh ich is the most famous
- - - - - - - country? (Europe)
6. We enjoy eating more _ _
_ _ _ _ biryani. (Pakistan)
7. W e decorated our wall wit
h a _ _ _ _ _ rug. (Persia
)

Direct Speech

Inverted Commas show direct

speech-words spoken in dialogue, thoughts or
a quotation .
Q: Ad d sp ee ch ma rk s and
missing punctuation ma rk s
to the fol low ing
sen ten ce s.

1. John said I am very busy now

2. He said The horse had been fed

3. I know her name and address sai

d John
4. German is easy to learn she
said
5. He said I am writing letters

6. It is too late to go out Alice sai

d
7. He said to me I don't believe you

8. He says I am glad to be here this

evening
✓ 9. He said to hle What are you doing

10. Where is the post office asked the stranger

11. He said Will you listen to me

12. John said to Peter Go away

13. She said to me Please wait here till I return

14. Call the witness said the judge

15 . The speaker said Be quiet and listen to my words

16. I can't see anything said Molly

17. Perhaps we should turn our torches on whispered George

18. I think we should go inside now said Molly

19. Are you busy tonight asked Jessy

20. I think something is moving in the bushes George said

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative Adiectives are words used to describe a noun by comparing it to another

noun. We usually think of 'er' words like bigger or smaller,

Superlative Adjectives are words used to describe a noun when comparing it to two or

more nouns to the highest or lowest degree. Think: big, bigger, biggest, or small,

smaller, smallest.

Let's look at a chart showing the comparative and superlative forms of the word for the

most basic one-syllable adjectives.

 I

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLA TIVE

Big Bigger Biggest

Tall Taller Tallest

Comparative adjectives with two syllables can be formed by making the ' er' ending or by

adding the words 'more' or 'less' before the adjective.

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Happy Happier Happiest

Crazy Crazier Craziest

Dangerous More dangerous Most dangerous

Expensive More expensive Most expensive

When using comparative and superlative adjectives, it is essential to note that a handful

of irregular adjectives don't follow the rules.

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Worst

L
I
I
I
I Comparative & Superlative (Adjectives)
I
I Adjectives Com(!arative Su(!erlative
I
happy

hungry

generous

smart

good

light

bad

beautiful

honest

expensive

dangerous

interesting

n01sy

busy

old

lazy
0: Complete the sentences with the compara fIV e or superlative form of the

adjectives in brackets.

1.- My sister is _ _ _ _ _ than my brother.

(intelligent)

2.- The blue whale is the_ _ _ _ _ animal.

(big)

3.- Iceland is _ _ _ _ than Spain. (cold)

4.- This is the __ __ _ book I've ever read

. (good)

5.- My neighbour is the _ _ _ _ person I know

(lucky)

6.- Friday is the _ _ _ _ day of the week. (bus

y)

7.- These trainers are much _ _ _ _ _ than

those. (cheap)

8.- Frank works _ _ _ _ than most people.

(hard)

9.- I'm _ _ _ _ at English than you. (good)

10.-Today has been the _ _ _ _ day of the year

. (hot)

11.-This is the_ _ _ _ CD I've ever listened.

(bad)

12.- English is _ _ _ _ than Japanese. (easy

)

13 .- Which Mountain is the _ _ _ _ in the

world. (high)

14.- John is _ _ _ _ than his brother. (clever)

15.-English is _ _ _ _ than Latin . (useful)

16.- What is the __ __ _ word in English?

(common)

J.0
17.- The Nile is the _ _ _ _ _ river in the world. (long)

18.- That skyscraper is one of the_ _ _ _ buildings in the city. (tall)

19.- Our journey took _ _ _ _ than we expected. (long)

20.- Charles is the _ _ _ _ student in the school. (noisy)

Connectives & Multi-Clause Sentences

Multi-clause sentences contain more than one verb.

A multi-clause sentence can be two main clauses joined by a connective.
It can have one main clause and one or more dependent clauses, usually introduced by a
connective. A comma usually separates the dependent clause if it comes before the main
ciause.

Q: Complete the following sentences using: and, but, or, so, because.

1. We aren't going to the park _ _ _ _ _ _ it's raining.

2. I don't have any money, _ _ _ _ _I'll go to the bank.

3. There's snow on the street _ _ _ _ _ it's not too cold.

4. She studies a lot _ _ _ _ _ she never passes the exams.

5. You ' ve got an exam tomorrow, _ ___,you must study tonight.

6. I don't go to the cinema _ _ _ _ I haven't got any money.

Q. Use the following connectives to complete the exercises.

if, although, otherwise Though, before, because, when, until, while, unless,

since, where,
•

I. _ _ _ _ _he is busy, he spends time with his family.

2. Ahmed will play today ____he gets a chance.

3. You can't succeed_ _ _ _ _ _ you work hard.

4. We must reach there _ _ _ _ _ _anyone else.

5. I fell asleep _ _ _ _ _ I was watching TV.

6. Samuel was eating food _____the postman arrived.

7. She was unhappy, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _she was rich.

8. I like him very much _ _ _ _ _he is my best friend.

9. I can't believe you _______ you speak the truth.

10. I can't attend the meeting _ _ _ _ _I am suffering from fever.

11. This is the village _ _ _ _ _ I lived in my childhood.

12. You better keep quiet _ _ _ _ _ ___, ou will be sent outside.

Quantifiers

A Quantifier in English indicates the quantity of the noun it precedes. While most commonly

found before a noun it is possible to use a quantifier without a noun if it is obvious what is

being referred to.

 ------

r Q: Fill in: much, many, lots of, most, little, few.

I. It seems we have had

- - - - - - - - assignments in English this year.

2.How _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do we have to read this week?

3 · _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Americans don't like George Bush.

4. There aren't very _______ _ books in the library.

5. I think he drank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wine last night.

6. I have had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ headaches already because of the stress.

7. I didn't use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fertilizer last spring, that's why we had so _ _ __

weeds .

.8. It has rained very _______ _ this summer, that's why the grass is so brown.

9. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people know as much about computers as Jack does.

10. I'm having _______ _ trouble passing my driving test.

r

Homophones

Homophones are words wit. h the sam

e sound as another wor d bu t d'1fferent spellings and
meanmgs.

To- A preposition before a noun or

infinitive before a verb. (Le t's go to
the st0 re).
Two- The number 2 (I would like two
tacos, please .)
Too- A synonym for also or when
having excess amounts. (There are
too ma ny peo ple her e.)
Q: Ch oos e the correct homophone
.

1. Ell y bou ght _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ (for/four) apples.

2. Jer ry had to _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_(wa it/weight) for his dad to finish work.

3. Ak x can 't wait to _ _ _ _ _

_ _(ma rry/merry) Sarah this summer.

4. At _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(kn
ight/night), the owls come out to pla
y.

5. Bill left _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (so

me/sum ) ice cream in the freezer.

6. I wo uld like to go _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _Disney land for my birthday. (too, to)

7. Joh n took a big _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ (bite/b ight) out ofh is cake.

8. Tim was
- - - - - - - - -(bowled/bold) and strong.
9. He r mo on would _ _ _ _ _
_ _ (very/vary) depending on the tim
e of day.

10. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (wh
eel/we'll) see him tonight at the par
ty.
~,/ Adverbial Phrase
An adve rbia l phra se is a grou p of word s that act toget
her as an adverb, giving
more infor mati on abou t a verb , adjective, or other adve
rb in a sentence. The
adve rbial phra se answ ers the same questions as a regu
lar adverb: how/ how
muc h, when , or wher e

Q: Loo k at the main phr ase on each line. Fill in an adv

erbial phrase that
answ ers the given question.

1. The mon ster boun ced the bask etbal l (how)

2. The child cried (whe n)

3. The little boy left his .b ackp ack (whe re)

4. The dog bark ed loud ly (why )

s. The boy shou ted (whe n)

 I

6. The rabbit hopped away (how)

7. The coat hung (where)

8. The little kitten ran (how)

9. The remote fell off the table (when)

10. The children. laughed (when)

Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases

An adverb is a phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, word group or another
adverb. The adverb expresses a relation of time, place, manner, cause, circumstance, degree,
and others.

Adverbial phrases are prepositional phrases that modify adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.
These phrases answer the questions of how, when, where, and why. How means how long or
to what degree?

Example: Adverbial phrases may include 'with great regret' 'at the comer' 'to understand
better' and 'never at midnight'.
Q: Underline the adverbial phrase. On the line, write the quest
ion it

answers.

1. We expect our grandparents to an-ive in about an hour. _ _ _ _ _ _

_

2. My cousin watches television almost as much as you do. _ _ _

_ _ __

3. The weatherman says it will rain all day. _ _ _ _ _ __

4. Your brother plays soccer better than my brother does. _ _ _ _

_ __

5. Our friend drives on Mondays.

-------

6. Stacy and Nancy will walk on the sidewalk.

------

7. The snake slithers through the tall grass.

------

8. Mom combs my hair more gently than Dad does.

-------

9. He found his lucky penny in the morning.

------

10. We raced our toy cars on the playground.

------
11. Shayla and Coral were reading their books in the car.
-------

12. The music teacher played the piano better than her student.
-------

13. Jenny tried to talk to Peter underneath the water. _ _ _ _ _ _

_

14. Early in the morning, the air is cold and fresh. _ _ _ _ _ __

15. Mom will pick us up after school is out. _ _ _ __ _

 Command Verbs

Command Verbs are used to give an order or instruction. You can find comma nd verbs
at the
beginning of command sentences or order: e.g., Open the door, Stop yelling at her!

Q.1 Put the omelet recipe instructions in the correct order:

( ) Put salt, onion, pepper, and cheese.

( ) Break the eggs and put them in the bowl.

( ) Heat the frying pan.

( ) Be careful! Don't overcook the omelette!

( ) Wisk the eggs.

( ) Grab a bowl

( ) Chop onion and cheese.

( ) Pour the mixture into a frying pan.

Q.2 Match the sentences:

a. Wait ( ) your phones, now!
b. Follow ( ) with me!
c. Don't forget ( ) here, please!

d. Don't touch ( ) silly!

e. Come ( ) some coffee.

f. Don't play ( ) down.

g. Speak ( ) some rest! You need it!

h. Come ( ) my instructions.
i. Have ( ) the wall. It's wet.
j. Get ( ) in, please!
k. Sit ( ) slowly, please!
I. Don't be ( ) a minute.
m. Switch off ( ) your homework.
 Adjective
provide additional
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They
s. By using
infmmation about the noun' s size, shape, color, quality, and characteristic
I adjectives, we can make our writing more descriptive and interesting.

Q.1 Read the given sentences below and circle the adjectives.
1. The homeless begga r hasn't eaten in days.

2. The fox is a sly animal.

3. Mary had a little lamb.

4. The selfish giant didn't allow the children to enter his garden.

5. The foolish dog barked at its reflection and lost its food.

6. The family didn't have enough food for the winter.

7. The girl is a state-level boxer.

8. The brave army marched through the streets .

Q.2 Rewrite these sentences by adding an adjective:

1. The puppy played in the grass.

2. My little sister likes to sing songs.

3. The elephant walked slowly.

4. She wore a dress to the party.

 5. The thunder scared the
cat.

6. The pizza had lots of

cheese.

Commas
W e us e commas in a lis
t to separate words and word groups an d to
ma ke the me an in g clear:

➔ Separate adjectives
tha t describe a noun, e.g. the
fresh, sweet, de lic iou s
➔ Separate nouns an apple.
d their adjectives, e.g . I
bought a fresh apple, rip
strawberries and seedle e ba na na s, ju icy
ss grapes.

Q.1 A dd commas wher

e needed .
1. I ca n't decide if I wa
nt to go to the party the
game or the dance.

2. The mouse the rat an

d the gerbil all looked very sim
ilar to me .

3. M y mo m made me cle
an my room do the dishes
and wa lk the dog.

4. I asked Je ff Ryan an
d Br ad to come over after sch
ool.

5. Do n't forget to call yo

ur dad do your home work and fold yo ur clo
thes.
6. Sophia Martha and Ro
be rta all earned a great scor
e on the test.
7. This weekend I wore
two shirts three skirts an
d four pairs of shoes.

8. On vacation I will vis

it New York Chicago and Indianapolis .

9. After school, the teach

ers principals and cafeteria
workers will have a me
eting.
10 . The new club will me
et on Tuesdays Wednesd
ays and Thursdays.
 -
Adverbs of degree
r
erbs of deg ree tell us abo ut the degree or intensity of the verb, the adjective or othe
Adv
w much?" or "To what extent?"
adverbs. The ans wer to the questions: "Ho

Examples:
very
rely, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely,
I almost, nearly, quiet, just, too, totally, enti
extremely.

ts.
Q.1 Fill the gaps using the words in bracke
_ exhausted. (a bit/ totally)
1 She finished the day _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fantastic. (absolutely /
2 Tammy Pay ne isn' t a good singer. She's - - - - - - - -

very)

high . (abs olut ely/ pretty)

3 The Serrano Towers in Valencia are - - - - - - - -

interesting pbc e. (qu ite/ rather)

4 Jerez de la Fro nter a is a - - - - - - - -

_ lazy. (absolutely/ extremely)

5 That boy of yours is _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 It was freezing this morning. (a bit/ absolutely)

---------
_ _ _ _ mad. (com plet ely/ highly)
7 Victoria, in my opinion, is _ _ _ _ _

gorgeous at the Golden Globe Awards

8 Scarlett Johansson looked - - - - - - - - -

ceremony. (absolutely I totally)

 Daydreaming
John loved to daydream. His are . .
lazy but th t h p nts and his teachers sometime s thought John was idle or
, a was not t e case · John 1lad a very nch .
. mner .
. . world and he really enJoyed
'
spending qua11ty tune there · For example, one day, John lay stretched out on a towel on a
t d ·
h0. , san Ybeach • He listened t0 th e waves crashing against the shore. He watched the white
· · to make 0 ff
. of. boats far out alo ng the honzon.
sails A seagull squawked, and dived, and tned
with his sandwich.

John began to daydream that he was a seagull. He imagined the swooping sensation in his
st0 mach as he swooped and dove and rode the air currents. A plane flew overhead, filling tbe
air, for a few moments , with its dull roar. John became a passenger in that plane, looking out
of his window and down over the town where he lived th~t ran along in a thin strip next to
the ocean.
Someone next to John cleared his throat. John turned to look at his fellow passenger and
found his teucher looking down at him. "Daydreaming again, John?" his teacher asked. The
other kids laughed, but John just sighed and tried to concentrate on the math problem in front
of him. He would go back to visit his beach very soon.

1. What do John's parents and teacher think of John and why?

2. Where is John at the beginning of the story?

3. Where is he at the end of the story?

JJ
 Antarctica
Antarctica is the southenunost continellt, located over the South Pole. It is also colder, drier,
and windier than any other continent. Because it gets so little precipitation, Antarctica is
actually a desert. It is divided into eastern and western regions.

East Antarctica is about the size of Australia. West Antarctica is a series of islands that
continue towards the southern tip of South America. In Antarctica, it is daylight for 24 hours
a day for several weeks. Six months later it is dark for 24 hours a day for several weeks .

Antarctica almost doubles in size every winter because the sea freezes along.its coast. In
fa ct, almost all of Antarctica is a single stretch of ice that is always changing its size and
shape. Though there are seventy permanent research stations in Antarctica, it is not a
permanent borne to any human being.

Mosses, lichen, and algae are the only vegetation, and the only warm-blooded animal found
on the continent is the male Emperor penguin.

I. Write four adjectives that describe the continent of Antarctica.

2. Why does Antarctica almost double in size every winter?

3. What kind of life is on Antarctica?