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Soil 2

The document discusses the basic phase relationships in soil mechanics, focusing on mass density and unit weight. It defines mass density (ρ) as mass per unit volume and unit weight (γ) as weight per unit volume, with derivations involving the volumes and densities of solid particles, water, and air. These relationships are essential for understanding soil behavior in geotechnical engineering applications.

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11 views4 pages

Soil 2

The document discusses the basic phase relationships in soil mechanics, focusing on mass density and unit weight. It defines mass density (ρ) as mass per unit volume and unit weight (γ) as weight per unit volume, with derivations involving the volumes and densities of solid particles, water, and air. These relationships are essential for understanding soil behavior in geotechnical engineering applications.

Uploaded by

getnetwondwosen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SOIL MECHANICS1
ASSIGNMENT

NAME. ZEMICHAEL ZELALEM

ID. 1509/15

SUBMITTED TO; TESHOME(PHD)


Q. summarize the basic phase relationship in terms of mass density and unit weight. with their
derivation.

The basic phase relationships in soil mechanics relate the mass density, unit weight, and the different
phases of soil, which typically include solid particles, water, and air. The primary parameters involved
are:

1. Mass Density (ρ): This is defined as the mass per unit volume of a material. For soil, it can be
expressed in terms of its solid particles, water, and air.

ρ=m/V

where m is the mass and V is the volume.

2. Unit Weight (γ): This is the weight per unit volume of a material. It is related to mass density by the
equation:

γ = ρg

where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s² ).

▎Derivation of Phase Relationships

In a soil sample, we can define the following:

• Volume of solids ( Vₛ ): The volume occupied by solid particles.

• Volume of water ( V_w ): The volume occupied by water.


• Volume of air ( Vₐ ): The volume occupied by air.

• Total volume ( Vₜ ): The sum of the volumes of solids, water, and air.

Vₜ = Vₛ + V_w + Vₐ

▎Mass Relationships

• Mass of solids ( mₛ ): This can be defined as:

mₛ = ρₛ Vₛ

where ρₛ is the density of the solid particles.

• Mass of water ( m_w ): This is given by:

m_w = ρ_w V_w

where ρ_w is the density of water (approximately 1000 kg/m³ ).

• Mass of air ( mₐ ): This can be expressed as:

mₐ = ρₐ Vₐ

where ρₐ is the density of air (approximately 1.2 kg/m³ at standard conditions).


▎Total Mass and Unit Weight

The total mass of the soil can be expressed as:

mₜ = mₛ + m_w + mₐ = ρₛ Vₛ + ρ_w V_w + ρₐ Vₐ

The total unit weight of the soil can be defined as:

γₜ = mₜ g / Vₜ

Substituting for mₜ :

γₜ = (ρₛ Vₛ + ρ_w V_w + ρₐ Vₐ)g / Vₜ

▎Summary

The basic phase relationships in soil mechanics can be summarized as follows:

• The total unit weight γₜ relates to the densities and volumes of the solid, water, and air phases in a
soil sample.

• The mass density ρ can be derived from the individual contributions of each phase.

• These relationships are crucial for understanding soil behavior in geotechnical engineering
applications.

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