198 Chapter 12

Exercises - Operations on Functions and Composition of Functions

1 4

If f ( x) x 2 3 x 1 and g ( x) 1 x , 1 5x
If f ( x) and g ( x) 2 x , what is the
what is the value of f g ( 2) ? 2
value of f ( g (3)) ?
A) 3
B) 1 A) 7
C) 1 B) 2
D) 3 C) 2
D) 3

2 Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

3 information.
If f {( 4,12), ( 2, 4), (2, 0), (3, )} and
2
g {( 2,5), (0,1), (4, 7), (5, 9)} , what is x f ( x) g ( x)
the value of g f (2) ?
2 5 0
A) 9 0 6 4
B) 7 3 0 5
C) 1
D) 5 The table above gives values of f and g at
selected values of x .

5
What is the value of f ( g ( 2)) ?

3
A function f satisfies f ( 1) 8 and f (1) 2.
A function g satisfies g (2) 5 and g ( 1) 1 .
What is the value of f ( g ( 1)) ?

6
A) 2
What is the value of g ( f (3)) ?
B) 1
C) 5
D) 8
200 Chapter 12

Exercises - Recursive Formula

1 4
A sequence is recursively defined by If A0 is the initial amount deposited into a savings
an (an 1 ) 2 2 . If a0 2 , what account that earns at a fixed rate of r percent per
year, and a constant amount of 12b is added to
is the value of a2 ?
the account each year, then amount An of the
savings n years after the initial deposit is made
A) 5 r
is given by the equation An (1 ) An 1 12b .
B) 6 100
What is A3 , the amount you have in the savings
C) 8 three years after you made the initial deposit, if
D) 3 r 5 , A0 12, 000 , and b 400 ?

A) $23, 070.00
B) $26, 048.00
2 C) $29, 023.50
A sequence is recursively defined by D) $35, 274.68
f (an )
an 1 an . If a0 1 , f ( x) x 2 3 x ,
g (an )
and g ( x) 2 x 3 , what is the value of a2 ?

A) 3 5

1 The number of gallons, Pn , of a pollutant in

B) a lake at the end of each month is given by the
5
recursively defined formula Pn 0.85 Pn 1 20 .
C) 2
If the initial amount P0 of a pollutant in the lake
3 is 400 gallons, what is P3 , the amount of pollutant
D)
2 in the lake at the end of the third month, to the
nearest gallon?

A) 297

3 B) 285
C) 273
If f ( x) 2 x 2 1 , what is the value
D) 262
of f f f (2) ?

A) 10

B) 15

C) 21
D) 5
202 Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Functions and Graphs

1 2
During a decade of continuous drought, the water y
level of a lake has decreased by 10 percent each
30,000
year. Which of the following graphs could model

Value of Cars (in dollars)

the water level of the lake as a function of time? 25,000
Model A
20,000
A) y 15,000 (6, 12,000)
Model B
Water Level

10,000
5,000
x
x 2 4 6 8 10
O 5 10 Time (years)
Time (years)
In the graph above, each exponential curve
B) y represents the values, in dollars, of two different
cars as a function of time in years. At time t 0 ,
Water Level

the price of model A was $30,000 and the price

of model B was $24,000. At time t 6 , the price
of both models were $12,000.
x Based on the graphs above, which of the following
O 5 10 must be true?
Time (years)
I. At time t 0 , the price of model A was
C) y 25% more than the price of model B .
Water Level

II. At time t 0 , the price of model B was

20% less than the price of model A .
III. From time t 0 to t 6 , the average rate
x of decrease in the value of model A was
O 5 10 1.5 times the average rate of decrease in the
Time (years) value of model B .

D) y
A) I and II only
Water Level

B) I and III only

C) II and III only
x D) I, II, and III
O 5 10
Time (years)
3

If f ( x) 12, 000(0.9) x and g ( x) 14, 000(0.85) x ,

what is the value of g (2) f (2) ?
204 Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Growth and Decay

1 4
The number of rabbits in a certain population A certain radioactive substance has a half-life
doubles every 40 days. If the population starts of 12 days. This means that every 12 days, half
with 12 rabbits, which of the following gives of the original amount of the substance decays.
the total number of rabbits in the population If there are 128 milligrams of the radioactive
after t days? substance today, how many milligrams will be
left after 48 days?
t
A) 12(2)( )
40 A) 4
40 B) 8
B) 12(2)( )
t C) 16
40
D) 32
C) 12(2) t
t
D) 12(2) 40

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

information.
2
Population P of a town is 80,000 this year. Evelyn deposited $3,000 into her bank account, which
If the population of the town decreases at a rate earns 4 percent interest compounded annually. She
of 4 percent each year, which of the following uses the expression $3, 000( x)t to find the value of the
expressions gives population P after t years? account after t years.

A) 80, 000(0.6)t 5

B) 80, 000(0.96)t What is the value of x in the expression?

C) 80, 000(0.96t )

D) 80, 000(1 0.04t )

3 6
A house bought ten years ago for $150,000 was Evelyn deposited the same amount into an account
sold for $240,000 this year. Which of the following that earns 5 percent interest rate compounded
equations can be used to solve the annual growth annually. How much more money than her original
rate r of the value of the house? deposit in the account with 4 percent interest rate
compounded annually will she have earned in 10
years?
r (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)
A) 240, 000 150, 000(1 )
10
B) 240, 000 150, 000(1 10r )

C) 240, 000 150, 000(1 r )10

D) 240, 000 150, 000(r )10

Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions 205

Chapter 12 Practice Test

1 4

If f ( x) 2 x and g ( x) 2
2 x , what is the value The half-life of a radioactive substance is the
amount of time it takes for half of the substance
of f ( g (1)) g ( f (1)) ?
to decay. The table below shows the time (in years)
and the amount of substance left for a certain
A) 4 radioactive substance.

B) 2
Time (years) Amount (grams)
C) 2
D) 4 0 1, 200

14 850

28 600

42 425
2
56 300
If f ( x) 625 x 2 and g ( x) 225 x 2 ,
what is the value of f ( f (5)) g (( g 5)) ? How much of the original amount of the substance,
to the nearest whole gram, will remain after 140
years?
A) 0
B) 5 A) 85
C) 10 B) 75
D) 20 C) 53
D) 38

3 5
The population of a certain town doubles every A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 18%
25 years. If the population of the town was 51,200 per year. If the initial amount of the substance is
in 1980, in what year was the population 6,400? 100 grams, which of the following functions
models the remaining amount of the substance, in
A) 1855 grams, after t years?
B) 1880
A) f (t ) 100(0.18)t
C) 1905
D) 1930 B) f (t ) 100(0.82)t

C) f (t ) 100 100(0.18)t

D) f (t ) 100 100(0.82)t
206 Chapter 12

6
r t
5, 000(1 ) Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following
100 information.

The expression above gives the value of an y

investment, in dollars, that pays an annual 500
interest rate of r % compounded yearly.

Population of Insects
5,000 is the initial amount and t is the number 400
of years after the initial amount was deposited.
Which of the following expressions shows the 300
difference between the value of a 15 year
investment at 6% annual compound interest and 200
a 12 year investment at 6% annual compound
100
interest?
x
5 10 15 20 25
15
Time (days)
A) 5, 000 (1.06)12

The graph above shows the size of a certain insect

(1.06)15 population over 25 days. The population at time
B) 5, 000
(1.06)12 t 0 was 100. A biologist used the equation
t

C) 5, 000 (1.06) 15 12
(1.06) f (t ) 100(2) d to model the population.

D) 5, 000 (1.06)15 12
8
What is the value of d in the equation?

7
The price P , in dollars, of a truck t years after
it was purchased is given by the function
t 9
1
P(t ) 24, 000( ) 6 . To the nearest dollar, what
2 What was the population of the insect after 15
is the price of the truck 9 years after it was days, to the nearest whole number?
purchased?