IBRAIN

BUILDS YOUR CONFIDIENCE

Test / Exam Name: Ch 1 Standard: 9th Subject: Science

Student Name: Section: Roll No.:
Questions: 300 Time: 03:00 hh:mm Marks: 468

Q1. During hot sunny day, people sprinkle water on the roof because: 1 Mark
A They have more water to sprinkle B Water is cheapest thing available
C It has high latent heat of vapourisation D None of the above
Ans: C It has high latent heat of vapourisation
Explanation:
People sprinkle water on the rooftop during sunny days as water has a high latent heat of vaporisation so it will absorb more heat and make the rooftop cool.
Q2. Which among the following statements is true: 1 Mark
A The rate of evaporation in a coastal area is less because of high humidity B The rate of evaporation in a coastal area is more because of presence of
water bodies
C The rate of evaporation is independent of humidity D The rate of evaporation is directly proportional to humidity
Ans: A The rate of evaporation in a coastal area is less because of high humidity
Exaplantion:
The rate of evaporation in a coastal area is less because of high humidity.
High humidity represents higher concentration of water vapour in the air due to which temperature of the surrounding atmosphere decreases and the rate of
evaporation also decreases.
Q3. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of 'forces of attraction'between their particles.Which one of the following represents a correct 1 Mark
arrangement?
A Water, air, wind B Air, sugar, oil C Oxygen, water, sugar D Sugar, juice, air
Ans: C Oxygen, water, sugar
Q4. Which of the following statement is incorrect? 1 Mark
A The particles of matter are very, very small. B The particles of matter attract one another.
C The particles of some of the matter are moving constantly. D The particles of all the matter have spaces between them.
Ans: C The particles of some of the matter are moving constantly.
Explanation:
The statement that the particles of some forms of matter move constantly is incorrect because the particles of matter of all three states–solid, liquid and gas are
moving constantly. Although the particles of solids are fixed at their positions, they vibrate constantly.
Q5. Early philosophers classified matter in the form of __________ basic elements: 1 Mark
A One B Two C Three D Five
Ans: D Five
Explanation:
Early philosophers classified matter in the form of five basic elements (Panchatatva).
They are air, water, earth, fire, sky.
Q6. The kinetic energy is proportional to temperature, thus evaporation: 1 Mark
A Proceeds slowly at higher temperatures B Stops
C Proceeds quickly at higher temperatures D Does not occur at all
Ans: C Proceeds quickly at higher temperatures
Explanation:
For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, they have to be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy to
overcome liquid-phase intermolecular forces.
When only a small proportion of the molecules meet these criteria, the rate of evaporation is low.
Since the kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to its temperature, evaporation proceeds more quickly at higher temperatures.
Q7. On heating the solid _________? 1 Mark
A Particles gain energy B Particles loses energy C Energy remain constant D None of the above
Ans: A Particles gain energy
Q8. The state or phase of a given set of matter can change depending on _____________? 1 Mark
A Temperature B Pressure C Both a and b D None of above
Ans: B Pressure
Q9. Among the following, which one is the false statement? 1 Mark
A Sublimation is the process of conversion of a matter from its liquid state to B Naphthalene, camphor, iodine, ammonium chloride are undergo sublimation.
gaseous state at specific conditions of temperature and pressure.
C The melting point of ice is 0°C or 273.16K D Condensation is the process of conversion of matter from its gaseous state
to liquid state at specific conditions of temperature and pressure.
Ans: A Sublimation is the process of conversion of a matter from its liquid state to gaseous state at specific conditions of temperature and pressure.
Explanation:
Sublimation is the process of transformation directly from the solid phase to the gaseous phase, without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Also, at
pressures below the triple point pressure, an increase in temperature will result in a solid being converted to gas without passing through the liquid region.
Q10. On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to Kelvin scale, the correct sequence of temperatures will be: 1 Mark
A 298K, 311K and 339K B 298K, 300K and 338K C 273K, 278K and 543K D 298K, 310K and 338K
Ans: A 298K, 311K and 339K
Explanation:
To convert the temperature scale from Celsius scale to Kelvin scale, just add 273K to the given values. Therefore, the temperature in Kelvin scale of 25°C, 38°C
and 66°C will be 298K, 311K and 339K, respectively.
Q11. Why do clothes dry faster on a windy day: 1 Mark
A Evaporation increases with increase in wind speed. B Evaporation increases with increase in humidity.
C Evaporation decreases with increase in wind speed. D None of these
Ans: A Evaporation increases with increase in wind speed.
Q12. Humidity is amount of: 1 Mark
A Water vapours in air. B Ice in air.
C Liquid water in air. D Water vapours and liquid water in air.
Ans: A Water vapours in air.
Explanation:
Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. Water vapour, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the
likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present.
Q13. The rate of evaporation decreases with an increase in _________? 1 Mark
A Humidity B Temperature C Wind speed D Surface area
Ans: A Humidity
Explanation:
Evaporation is a type of vaporization of liquid that occurs from the surface of liquid, to gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.
If the air is saturated with great amount of water causing high humidity, it decreases the rate of evaporation of water.
Q14. A form of matter has no fixed shape but it has a fixed volume. An example of this form of matter is: 1 Mark
A krypton. B kerosene. C Carbon steel. D Carbon dioxide.
Ans: B kerosene.
Explanation:
Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume. Among the given options, only kerosene is a liquid.
Q15. Which one of the following factors do not affect the rate of evaporation: 1 Mark
A Temperature of the liquid B Humidity of the surrounding air
C Depth of the liquid D Surface of the liquid
Ans: C Depth of the liquid
Explanation:
Substance or liquid that has a larger surface area will evaporate faster as there are more surface molecules per unit of volume that are potentially able to escape.
The higher the temperature of substance or liquid, the greater is the kinetic energy of the molecules at its surface, and therefore the faster the rate of evaporation.
If the air is saturated with a great amount of water causing high humidity, it causes low capacity for the evaporating substance.
Q16. Conversion of a liquid into vapour form at any temperature below its boiling point is called as ______________? 1 Mark
A Solidification B Gasification C Evaporation D Liquifaction
Ans: C Evaporation
Q17. On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to Kelvin scale, the correct sequence of temperature will be: 1 Mark
A 298K, 311K and 339K B 298K, 300K and 338K C 273K, 278K and 543K D 298K, 310K and 338K
Ans: A 298K, 311K and 339K
Explanation:
On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C, to kelvin scale, we get the following temperatures
? 25°C + 273 = 298K
? 38°C + 273 = 311K
? 66°C + 273 = 339K
Therefore, the correct sequence of temperature will be 298K, 311K and 339K.
Q18. Which of the following statement is correct? 1 Mark
A Sponge is compressible, but considered as a solid. B A rubber band, change shape under force and not regains the same shape
when force is removed.
C Mass multiply be volume is called density of its substance. D The common name of solids and liquids is fluid.
Ans: A Sponge is compressible, but considered as a solid.
Explanation:
Yes, sponge is a solid. Although sponge has small pores which traps air however it releases the same when the sponge is pressed and by this we are able to
compress it. This helps the sponge to regain its shape and mass.
Q19. Which of the following cannot be separated by sublimation? 1 Mark
A Iodine and NaCl B Iodine and Ammonium chloride
C Camphor and Sodium chloride D Naphthalene and Sand
Ans: B Iodine and Ammonium chloride
Q20. Matter is made up of: 1 Mark
A Protons only B Electrons only C Neutrons only D All of these
Ans: D All of these
Q21. Why does perspiration leave a cooling effect on our body: 1 Mark
A The sweat particles absorb heat from the body and get converted into B The sweat particles release energy into the atmosphere and the temperature
vapour, thereby reducing its temperature of the surroundings decrease.
C The sweat particles absorb energy from the body and get converted into D None of the above
vapour, thereby increasing the temperature.
Ans: A The sweat particles absorb heat from the body and get converted into vapour, thereby reducing its temperature
Exaplantion:
It happens due to evaporative cooling.
The sweat gets vaporized from the skin into the atmosphere, by absorbing heat from the body.
Thus the body cools down as it loses heat.
Q22. Shivam visited an LPG unit and found that the gas can be liquified at specific conditions of temperature and pressure. Help him to identify the correct set of 1 Mark
conditions.
A High temperature and high pressure. B Low temperature and low pressure.
C Low temperature and high pressure. D High temperature and low pressure.
Ans: C Low temperature and high pressure.
Q23. What will be the correct sequence of temperature when 25°C and 45°C are converted to Kelvin scale and Fahrenheit scale? 1 Mark
A 278.16K, 308.16K, 74°F, 103°F B 298.16K, 318.16K, 74° F, 103°F
C 298.16K, 318.16K, 77° F, 113°F D 318.16K, 298.16K, 77° F, 113°F
Ans: C 298.16K, 318.16K, 77° F, 113°F
Q24. Which of the following factors are responsible for the change in state of solid carbon dioxide when kept exposed to air? 1 Mark
1. Increase in pressure
2. Increase in temperature
3. Decrease in pressure
4. Decrease in temperature.
A (i) and (ii) B (i) and (iii) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv)
Ans: C (ii) and (iii)
Explanation:
 Increase in temperature and decrease in pressure are the two factors responsible for the change of solid carbon dioxide into gas.
Q25. All matter that is present in the universe has: 1 Mark
A Volume B Mass C Both A and B D None of the above
Ans: C Both A and B
Exaplantion:
Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies space.
So, matter has mass and volume both.
Q26. Gaseous form of water is called: 1 Mark
A Fog B Water vapour C Snow D Gas
Ans: B Water vapour
Q27. The inter-particle attractive force ______ with increasing distance between particles. 1 Mark
A Increases B Decreases C Does not change D None of the above
Ans: B Decreases
Explanation:
As the distance between the particles reduces, it means they will be held together weakly.
Consequently, the force of attraction between the particles decreases.
Q28. The smell of food transfers across the room due to ____________? 1 Mark
A High speed of particles B More space between particles
C Intermixing of particles and their continuous motion D None of the above
Ans: C Intermixing of particles and their continuous motion
Q29. The boiling point of diethylether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C respectively. Which one of the following represents their boiling points in 1 Mark
kelvin scale?
A 306K, 329K, 391K B 308K, 329K, 392K C 308K, 329K, 391K D 328K, 391K, 307K
Ans: C 308K, 329K, 391K
Explanation:
The correct order of boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol in kelvin scale is 308K, 329K and 391K,
which can be explained as (T°C + 273 = 7K).
Boiling point of diethyl ether = 35°C + 273 = 308K
Boiling point of acetone = 56°C + 273 = 329K
Boiling point of n-butyl alcohol = 118°C + 273 = 391K
Q30. Kinetic energy of particles of water in three vessels X, Y and Z are Ex, Ey and Ez respectively. Then the temperature of water in the three vessels are? 1 Mark
A T Z > TX > TY B T X > TY > TZ
C T X > TZ > TY D T Y > TZ > TX
Ans: C TX > TZ > TY
Explanation:
Because increase in temprature increases vibrations of atoms and thus their kinetic energy increases. The higher the temperature,the higher will be the kinetic
energy.
Q31. Evaporation of a liquid _____________? 1 Mark
A Is dependent on its mass B Increases with increasing pressure
C Is not affected by pressure D Decreases with increasing pressure
Ans: D Decreases with increasing pressure
Explanation:
Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.
The rate of evaporation can also increase with a decrease in the gas pressure around a liquid. Molecules like to move from areas of higher pressure to lower
pressure.
The molecules are basically sucked into the surrounding area to even out the pressure.
Once the vapor pressure of the system reaches a specific level, the rate of evaporation will slow down.
Q32. A thermometer is inserted into a beaker filled with ice at 0∘C. The beaker is heated slowly. The temperature does not rise for some time. This is because: 1 Mark
A Ice is very cold B Heat was used for changing ice at 0∘C to water at 0∘C
C The density of water is more than ic D The density of water is less than the ice

Ans: B Heat was used for changing ice at 0∘C to water at 0∘C
Exaplantion:
The temperature does not rise for some time because heat was used for changing ice at 0∘C to water at 0∘C.
When heat is given to solid ice, it first absorbs energy to convert into liquid water.
After some time, when it converts into liquid water, temperature starts increasing.
Q33. On heating the solid ______________? 1 Mark
A Intermolecular attraction between particles increases. B Intermolecular attraction between particles decreases.
C Intermolecular attraction between particles remains constant D None of the above
Ans: B Intermolecular attraction between particles decreases.
Exaplantion:
On heating, the solid changes into liquid in which the kinetic energy of the molecules increases due to which, the inter molecular attraction between particles
decreases and the molecules escapes from their positions.
Q34. Which of the following cannot be considered a form of matter? 1 Mark
A Atom B Water C Humidity D Electron
Ans: C Humidity
Q35. Rinku and Pinku had half day schools during summer. They used to go to school by autorickshaw. They observed that the auto driver covered the top of the vehicle 1 Mark
by some mats and sprinkled water on them regularly, which keeps it cool. Which of the following phenomena is involved here:
A Condensation B Evaporation C Sublimation D Diffusion
Ans: B Evaporation
Q36. The boiling point of ethane is, -88°C. This temperature will be equivalent to: 1 Mark
A 285K B 288K C 185K D 361K
Ans: C 185K
Explanation:
We have to add 273 to the given value to get the answer i.e. -88 + 273 = 185K
Q37. Heat of fusion is the process of conversion of: 1 Mark
A Liquid into gas B Solid into gas C Solid into liquid D Liquid into solid
Ans: C Solid into liquid
Explanation:
The heat of fusion is the heat required for a substance to change its state from solid to liquid.
The process is called fusion or melting.
Q38. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one of the following represents a correct 1 Mark
arrangement?
A Water, air, wind. B Air, sugar, oil. C Oxygen, water, sugar. D Salt, juice, air.
Ans: C Oxygen, water, sugar.
Explanation:
The correct order of increasing ‘force of attraction’ between their particles is
Oxygen < Water < Sugar
It is because the force of attraction increases in the order i.e., Gas < Liquid < Solid.
Q39. Crystals of KMnO4 in water proves that: 1 Mark
A KMnO4 is of red colour. B KMnO4 is acidic in nature.
C KMnO4 is made up of millions of tiny particles. D KMnO4 is a reducing agent.
Ans: C KMnO4 is made up of millions of tiny particles.
Explanation:
Each potassium permanganate crystal is made up of millions of small particles which keep on spreading and imparting colour to the water in which it is dissolved.
The changing of a solid directly into vapours on heating is called sublimation.
Q40. Particles of gaseous matter are ___________? 1 Mark
A Stationary B Vibrating C Continuously moving D Rotating about an axis
Ans: C Continuously moving
Explanation:
Particles of gaseous matter are continuously moving.
For example, the smell of deodorant travels in the whole room if it is used on one side of the room.
Q41. When a gas jar containing colourless air is kept upside down over a gas jar full of brown-coloured bromine vapour, then after sometime, the brown colour of 1 Mark
bromine vapour spreads into the upper gas jar making both the gas jars appear brown in colour. Which of the following conclusion obtained from these
observations is incorrect?
A Bromine vapour is made of tiny particles which are moving. B Air is made up of tiny particles which are moving.
C The particles of bromine are moving but those of air are not moving. D Even though bromine vapour is heavier than air, it can move up against
gravity.
Ans: C The particles of bromine are moving but those of air are not moving.
Explanation:
The statement that the particles of bromine are moving but those of air are not moving is incorrect because the particles of matter are constantly in motion. It
appears as if the air molecules are not moving because air is colourless.
Q42. On converting 308K, 329K and 391K to Celsius scale, the correct sequence of temperatures will be: 1 Mark
A 33°C, 56°C and 118°C B 35°C, 56°C and 119°C C 35°C, 56°C and 118°C D 56°C, 119°C and 35°C
Ans: C 35°C, 56°C and 118°C
Explanation:
Just subtract 273K from the given values to get the answer.
Q43. 300K, 268K, 546K are equal to: 1 Mark
A 27°C, 5°C, 273°C B 27°C, -5°C, 273°C C 27°C, -5°C, -273°C D -27°C, -5°C, 273°C
Ans: B 27°C, -5°C, 273°C
Explanation:
= 300 - 273 = 27°C
= 268 - 273 = -5°C
= 546 - 273 = 273°C
Q44. While putting clothes for drying up, why do we spread them out: 1 Mark
A Surface area is directly proportional to rate of evaporation. B Increase in surface area decreases rate of evaporation.
C Increase in surface area increases rate of evaporation. D Both A and C.
Ans: D Both A and C.
Explanation:
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. If the surface area is increased, the rate of evaporation increases.
While putting clothes for drying up, we spread them out, because, more area is exposed to sun and wind which speeds up the rate of evaporation.
Q45. Which one of the following statements related to the process of evaporation is incorrect: 1 Mark
A Evaporation occurs at any temperature. B Evaporation takes place within the liquid not on the surface.
C Temperature may change during evaporation. D No bubbles are formed in the liquid during evaporation.
Ans: B Evaporation takes place within the liquid not on the surface.
Exaplantion:
Evaporation is a type of vaporization which occurs on the surface of the liquid.
The evaporation process can occur at a temperature below the boiling point.
So by evaporation, only the liquid molecules on the surface get converted to water vapour.
Q46. During summer, water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool because of the phenomenon of: 1 Mark
A Diffusion. B Transpiration. C Osmosis. D Evaporation.
Ans: D Evaporation.
Explanation:
Evaporation of water through the pores of the earthen pot reduces the temperature of the immediate surroundings. Due to this, water in the earthen pot becomes
cooler after some time. Transpiration is a phenomenon that happens in plants. Osmosis happens between regions of different concentrations of solvent through a
semi-permeable membrane.
Q47. Which of the following statement is correct? Materials existing as liquids at room: 1 Mark
A temperature have their melting and boiling points lower than that of room B The phenomenon involving the transition of a substance from solid to liquid
temperature. state is called sublimation.
C To convert a temperature on the Celsius scale to Kelvin scale, subtract 273 D The density of ice is less than that of water.
from the given temperature.
Ans: D The density of ice is less than that of water.
Q48. A worker covers a distance of 40km from his house to his place of work, and 10km towards his house back. Then the displacement covered by the worker in the 1 Mark
whole trip is:
A 0km B 10km C 30km D 50km
Ans: C 30km
Q49. A volatile liquid _____________? 1 Mark
A Vaporizes quickly at room temperature B Solidifies quickly at room temperature
C Liquifies quickly at room temperature D Does not vaporize quickly
Ans: A Vaporizes quickly at room temperature
Explanation:
A volatile liquid is one that evaporates or vaporizes quickly at room temperature.
Volatile liquids have low boiling point. As a result, they evaporate very easily at room temperature.
Q50. During evaporation of liquid, ___________? 1 Mark
A The temperature of the liquid falls B The temperature of the liquid rises
C The temperature of the liquid remains unchanged D None of the above
Ans: A The temperature of the liquid falls
Explanation:
When liquid gets evaporated from the surface of liquid they convert from liquid state to gaseous state by absorbing energy from the liquid and due to it
temperature of the liquid decreases.
Q51. In liquids, there is ____________ and ____________ between particles: 1 Mark
A Strong force of attraction, more spacing B Weaker force of attraction, more spacing
C Weaker force of attraction, less spacing D Strong force of attraction, less spacingWeaker force of attraction, more
spacing
Ans: B Weaker force of attraction, more spacing
Q52. A student heats a beaker containing ice and water. He measures the temperature of the contents of a beaker as a function of time. Which of the following will 1 Mark
correctly represent the results?​​

A B C D

Ans: D

Explanation:
Since ice and water are in equilibrium, the temperature would be zero. When we heat the mixture, energy supplied is utilised in melting the ice and the temperature
does not change till all the ice melts because of latent heat of fusion. On further heating, the temperature of the water would increase.
Therefore, the correct option is (d).
Q53. The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was provided by: 1 Mark
A John Dalton. B Ernest Rutherford. C J.J. Thomson. D Robert Brown.
Ans: D Robert Brown.
Explanation:
The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was provided by the Robert Brown. For this experiment, he used pollen grains in water.
Q54. Which one of the following set of phenomena would increase on raising the temperature? 1 Mark
A Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases. B Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility.
C Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases. D Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of gases.
Ans: C Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases.
Q55. Select the characteristics of particles of matter: 1 Mark
A There is space between the particles of matter B The particles of matter are continuously moving about their mean position
C The particles of matter attract each other D All of these
Ans: D All of these
Explanation:
Space exists between the particles of matter.
The particles of matter are continuously moving about their mean position.
The particles of matter attract each other due to intermolecular forces of attraction.
Q56. On which factors evaporation does not depend: 1 Mark
A Humidity B Temperature C Surface area D Quality of matter
Ans: D Quality of matter
Q57. The evaporation of water increases under the following conditions: 1 Mark
A Increase in temperature, decrease in surface area. B Increase in surface area, decrease in temperature.
C Increase in surface area, rise in temperature. D Increase in temperature, increase in surface area, addition of common salt.
Ans: C Increase in surface area, rise in temperature.
Explanation:
When surface area increases and temperature rises, evaporation of water increases because the area which is exposed to the outer atmosphere is more and
increasing the temperature leads to increase in the kinetic energy, due to which rate of evaporation increases.
Q58. For each of the following, use letters to indicate physical state of matter. ‘s’ for solid, ‘l’ for liquid ‘g’ for gaseous, 'p' for plasma, B.E.C. for Bose-Einstein 1 Mark
Condensate.

S.No.Specific Characteristic Physical state

1. Ionised gases
2. Most ordered state
3. Least ordered state
4. Fixed volume, no shape
5. Cooling gas at super low temperature

A 1(p); 2(s); 3(l); 4(g); 5(B.E.C). B 1(p); 2(s); 3(g); 4(l); 5(B.E.C).
C 1(g); 2(s); 3(l); 4(p); 5(B.E.C). D 1(p); 2(s); 3(l); 4(B.E.C); 5(g).
Ans: B 1(p); 2(s); 3(g); 4(l); 5(B.E.C).
Explanation:

S.No.Specific Characteristic Physical state

1. Ionised gases 'p' for plasma
2. Most ordered state ‘s’ for solid,
3. Least ordered state ‘g’ for gaseous
4. Fixed volume, no shape ‘l’ for liquid
5. Cooling gas at super low temperatureB.E.C. for Bose-Einstein Condensate.

Q59. What is the effect of pressure on gas: 1 Mark

A Volume of gas decreases with increase in pressure B Volume of gas increases with increase in pressure
C Both a and b D Pressure has no effect on gas
Ans: A Volume of gas decreases with increase in pressure
Exaplantion:
The volume of gas decreases with an increase in pressure.
This leads to the conversion of the gaseous state into a liquid state and eventually into a solid-state.
The volume of the gas decreases by applying pressure on gases because gases are compressible.
Q60. Which of the following process/ processes release heat? 1 Mark
1. Condensation.
2. Vaporization.
3. Freezing.
4. Melting.
A Only (i) B Only (iv) C (i) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv)
Ans: C (i) and (iii)
Explanation:
Both condensation and freezing release heat that lead to decrease in kinetic energy of molecules. When the substance gets cool enough its particles become
slower or stop their movement and change their phase into liquid and solid on condensing and freezing respectively.
Q61. Which of the following is not a property of particles of matter: 1 Mark
A The particles of matter are extremely small. B The particles of matter have spaces between them.
C The particles of matter are in stationary state. D The particles of matter attract each other.
Ans: C The particles of matter are in stationary state.
Q62. What happens when ink is dropped in water: 1 Mark
A It evenly spreads in all directions in water B It spreads only in boundary of water
C It settles at the bottom of the container D None of the above
Ans: A It evenly spreads in all directions in water
Exaplantion:
When ink is dropped in water, it evenly spreads in the water due to the principle of diffusion.
This happens because water as well as the ink particles (molecules) are in continuous random motion.
Q63. Evaporation of water will be faster: 1 Mark
A Near the sea B Far away from the sea C Both at equal rates D None of the above
Ans: B Far away from the sea
Q64. A solid substance possess: 1 Mark
A Rigidity, fluidity and weak force of attraction. B Rigidity, fluidity and fixed volume.
C Rigidity, fixed volume and high attractive forces of attraction. D Rigidity, fixed shape and large intermolecular space between particles.
Ans: C Rigidity, fixed volume and high attractive forces of attraction.
Explanation:
SOLID:
may be crystalline or amorphous.
Q65. When water at 0°C freezes to form ice at the same temperature of 0°C, then it: 1 Mark
A Absorbs some heat. B Releases some heat.
C Neither absorbs nor releases heat. D Absorbs exactly 3.34 × 105J/ kg of heat.
Ans: B Releases some heat.
Explanation:
At 0°C, water releases some heat to lower the speed of molecules, and when it is cool enough the molecules of water are fixed at one position and they start
vibrating. Ultimately, the water molecules convert into ice (solid).
Q66. When sugar is dissolved in water, the level of water _________? 1 Mark
A Increases B Decreases C Remains same D None of the above
Ans: C Remains same
Explanation:
The level of water remains same as the sugar particles gets into the spaces between water molecules therefore the level of water remains same.
Q67. Choose the correct statement out of the following 1 Mark
A Conversion of solid into vapours without becoming liquid is called B Conversion of vapours into solid without becoming liquid is called
evaporation. sublimation.
C Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation. D Conversion of liquid into vapours is called fusion.
Ans: B Conversion of vapours into solid without becoming liquid is called sublimation.
Q68. If the temperature of an object is 268K, it will be equivalent to: 1 Mark
A -5°C B +5°C C 368°C D -25°C
Ans: A -5°C
Explanation:
We have to subtract 273 from the given value to get the answer i.e. 268 - 273 = -5°C
Q69. Which of the following will produce severe burns ? 1 Mark
A Cold water B Hot water C Boiling water D Steam
Ans: D Steam
Q70. While mixing sugar with water, the level of water does not increase because _____________? 1 Mark
A Matter has large particles which destroy water particles B Tiny particles of sugar adjust among the space between tiny particles of
water
C Tiny particles of sugar destroy large particles of water D None of the above
Ans: B Tiny particles of sugar adjust among the space between tiny particles of water
Q71. Gases are liquefied under ______? 1 Mark
A Low temperature and low pressure B High pressure and low temperature
C High temperature and high pressure D None of these
Ans: B High pressure and low temperature
Explanation:
Gases are liquefied under high pressure as it helps in bringing the particles closer and low temperature reduces kinetic energy thereby keeping the particles again
near to each other and it results in forming liquid.
Q72. Matter changes from one state to another state on change in ___________? 1 Mark
A Density B Pressure C Temperature D All
Ans: C Temperature
Q73. When a gas jar full of air is placed upside down on a gas jar full of bromine vapours, the red-brown vapours of bromine from the lower jar go upward into the jar 1 Mark
containing air. In this experiment:
A Air is heavier than bromine. B Both air and bromine have the same density.
C Bromine is heavier than air. D Bromine cannot be heavier than air because it is going upwards against
gravity.
Ans: C Bromine is heavier than air.
Q74. The SI unit of volume is cubic metre (m3). The common unit of measuring volume in litre (L). Then, 1L = …… dm3, 1L = ………. mL and 1mL = …….. cm3. 1 Mark

A 1L = 1dm3, 1L = 100mL, 1mL = 10cm3 B 1L = 1dm3, 1L = 1000mL, 1mL = 1cm3

C 1L = 10dm3, 1L = 1000mL, 1mL = 1cm3 D 1L = 10dm3, 1L = 100mL, 1mL = 10cm3
Ans:

Q75. Which is more effective in cooling: 1 Mark

0 0 0 0
A Lce at 0 C B Water at 0 C C Water at 100 C D Lce at 100 C
0
Ans: A Lce at 0 C
Explanation:
Lce is more effective than water in cooling liquids because ice needs additional energy to convert itself to water at zero degree celsius.
Thus it absorbs more heat from the liquid system making the liquid system cooler so ice at 00C is cooler than water at 00C.
Q76. Maximum intermolecular force of attraction exists in: 1 Mark
A Bromine B Nitrogen C Oxygen D Copper
Ans: D Copper
Explanation:
Force of attraction increases in the order Gas < Liquid < Solid
Nitrogen and Oxygen are gases
Bromine is a liquid
Copper is a solid
Q77. Ice floats on water because: 1 Mark
A it has higher density than water B it has lower density than water due to more volume
C it is solid D it is low melting solid
Ans: B it has lower density than water due to more volume
Q78. The rate of evaporation does not depends on: 1 Mark
A Surface area B Wind speed C Humidity D Type of particles
Ans: D Type of particles
Explanation:
The rate of evaporation does not depend on the type of particles because it completely depends upon the surface area of the liquid if the surface area is large
evaporation will be maximum.
Evaporation also depends upon wind speed, if the wind is flowing at a higher speed, then the rate of evaporation increases.
The same will be applied in the case of humidity. Humidity decreases the rate of evaporation.
Q79. Which of the following statements is/are true about matter: 1 Mark
A Matter is made up of particles. B The particles are very small in size.
 C Particles of matter have space between them. D All of these.
Ans: D All of these.
Q80. When heat is constantly supplied by a burner to boiling water, then the temperature of water during vaporisation: 1 Mark
A Rises very slowly. B Rises rapidly until steam is produced.
C First rises and then becomes constant. D Does not rise at all.
Ans: D Does not rise at all.
Q81. When heat is constantly supplied by a gas burner with small flame to melt ice, then the temperature of ice during melting? 1 Mark
A Increases very slowly. B Does not increase at all.
C First remains constant and then increases. D Increases to form liquid water.
Ans: B Does not increase at all.
Explanation:
During melting, temperature of the ice does not change at all because the heat is used in overcoming the particle-particle attraction forces, which in turn keeps the
temperature constant.
Q82. The latent heat of fusion of ice is: 1 Mark
5 5 4 4
A 3.34 × 10 J/ kg B 22.5 × 10 J/ kg C 3.34 × 10 J/ kg D 22.5 × 10 J/ kg
5
Ans: A 3.34 × 10 J/ kg
Explanation:
This value is fixed and is found by performing the experiment in lab.
Q83. A definite volume but not a definite shape, is a property of: 1 Mark
A Solid B Liquid C Gas D All of the above
Ans: B Liquid
Explanation:
If the particles of a substance have enough energy to partially overcome inter-molecular interactions, then the particles can move about each other while remaining
in contact.
This describes the liquid state. In a liquid, the particles are still in close contact, so liquids have a definite volume.
However, because the particles can move about each other rather freely, a liquid has no definite shape and takes a shape dictated by its container.
Q84. Latent heat of fusion is amount of: 1 Mark
A Heat energy required to change 1kg solid into liquid completely at its melting B Heat energy required to convert 1kg solid into liquid at room temperature.
point.
C Heat energy required to change 1g of solid into liquid completely. D Heat energy required to change 1kg of solid into liquid at any temperature.
Ans: A Heat energy required to change 1kg solid into liquid completely at its melting point.
Q85. The amount of energy required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as _______________? 1 Mark
A Latent heat of fusion B Latent heat of boiling C Latent heat of freezing D Melting energy
Ans: A Latent heat of fusion
Explanation:
The amount of energy required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as latent heat of fusion.
Q86. The interparticle attractive force ......... with increasing distance between particles: 1 Mark
A Increases B Decreases C Increases moderately D None
Ans: B Decreases
Explanation:
As the particles move apart, their inter particle attractive force decreases with increasing distance.
Q87. Dry ice is: 1 Mark
A Solid CO2. B Water in solid state. C Non-volatile solid. D Liquid carbon dioxide.
Ans: A Solid CO2.
Explanation:
Solid CO2 is called as dry ice.
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. It is primarily used to cool food products at lower temperature than what water ice can provide. It is called dry ice because it
sublimes and doesn't leave any residue i.e. changes from solid to gaseous state without turning to liquid.
Q88. Which of the following are also considered to be the states of matter? 1 Mark
1. Plasma.
2. Platelets.
3. BFC.
4. BHC.
A (i) and (ii) B (ii) and (iii) C (i) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv)
Ans: C (i) and (iii)
Explanation:
Plasma and BEC (Bose Einstein condensate) are also considered as states of matter because plasma is mixture of free atoms and ions and BEC occupies space
and has mass.
Q89. Which condition out of the following will increase the evaporation of water? 1 Mark
A Increase in temperature of water. B Decrease in temperature of water.
C Less exposed surface area of water. D Adding common salt to water.
Ans: A Increase in temperature of water.
Explanation:
Increase in temperature of water will increase the evaporation of water. It is because, on increasing the temperature, kinetic energy of water molecules increases
and more particles get enough kinetic energy to go into the vapour state.
This increases the rate of evaporation. Evaporation is the surface phenomenon so it depends upon the exposed surface area. Higher the exposed surface area of
water,higher will be the evaporation. When common salt is added to water then surface is occupied by the solvent as well as non-volatile solute particles.
So, the escaping tendency of solvent particles decreases and thus the evaporation of water decreases. Therefore, other options (b), (c) and (d) will decrease the
evaporation of water.
Q90. Liquids can be poured easily whereas solids cannot be pour because of: 1 Mark
A Less intermolecular forces of attraction B Negligible intermolecular space
C Vibratory movement of molecules D All the above
Ans: A Less intermolecular forces of attraction
Explanation:
We can pour liquid from one container into another because in, liquids the particles are less densely packed as they have less force of attraction than solid
molecules.
This gives them the ability to move around and slide past each other.But, solid particles are closely packed due to the strong force of attraction between the
molecules, and so, they cannot move.
 Thus we cannot pour solids from one container to another.
Q91. The non-SI units and SI units of some physical quantities are given in Column I and Column II respectively. Match the units belonging to the same physical quantity. 1 Mark

Column I Column II
P. Degree Celsius I. Kilogram
Q.Centimetre II. Pascal
R. Bar III. Metre
S. Milligram IV.Kelvin

A P - IV, Q - III, R - II, S - I B P - III, Q - IV, R - I, S - II

C P - II, Q - III, R -IV, S - I D P - I, Q - II, R - III, S - IV
Ans: A P - IV, Q - III, R - II, S - I
Explanation:

Column I Column II
P. Degree Celsius IV.Kelvin
Q.Centimetre III. Metre
R. Bar II. Pascal
S. Milligram I. Kilogram

Q92. Evaporation is a _______ phenomenon. 1 Mark

A Surface B Bulk C Solid D None
Ans: A Surface
Q93. The boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C respectively. Which one of the following correctly represents their boiling 1 Mark
points in Kelvin scale?
A 306K, 329K, 391K B 308K, 329K, 392K C 308K, 329K, 391K D 329K, 392K, 308K
Ans: C 308K, 329K, 391K
Explanation:
The correct order of boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol in kelvin scale is 308K, 329K and 391K,
which can be explained as (T°C + 273 = 7K).
Boiling point of diethyl ether = 35°C + 273 = 308K
Boiling point of acetone = 56°C + 273 = 329K
Boiling point of n-butyl alcohol = 118°C + 273 = 391K
Q94. Out of the following, an example of matter which can be termed as fluid is: 1 Mark
A Carbon. B Sulphur. C Oxygen. D Phosphorus.
Ans: C Oxygen.
Explanation:
Oxygen can be considered to be a fluid because oxygen is a gas and its particles are completely free to move. So, they have the ability to flow.
Q95. Which of the following causes the temperature of a substance to remain constant while it is undergoing a change in its state? 1 Mark
A Latent heat B Lattice energy C Loss of heat D None of these
Ans: A Latent heat
Q96. Which of the following energy is absorbed during the change of state of a substance: 1 Mark
A Specific heat B Latent heat C Heat capacity D Heat of solution
Ans: B Latent heat
Explanation:
Latent heat is absorbed during the change of state of a substance because it is the heat energy that has to be supplied to change the state of a substance.

While the specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the
temperature by one degree Celsius.
The heat capacity of a system is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the
system's temperature by one degree.
Q97. In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase? 1 Mark
1. Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed container.
2. Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container.
3. Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas.
4. Adding more hydrogen gas to the container without increasing the volume of the container.
A (i) and (ii) B (i) and (iv) C (ii) and (iii) D (ii) and (iv)
Ans: C (ii) and (iii)
Explanation:
The condition in which hydrogen gas would leak out of the container or if there is an increase in volume of the container in which hydrogen is present, would bring
about more distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas.
Q98. Which one will not increase the rate of evaporation of a liquid: 1 Mark
A Increase in temperature B Increase in humidity
C Increase in surface area D Increase in wind speed
Ans: B Increase in humidity
Explanation:
The various factors that increase the rate of evaporation of water are:
 Increase in temperature
Increase in exposed surface area
Increase in wind speed
So, from the given options, increase in temperature, surface area and wind speed will
increase the rate of evaporation.
Humidity does not.
Humidity refers to the amount of moisture or water vapour in the air.
If the humidity is high and the surrounding air is already saturated with water vapour, air's
moisture intake will reduce.
Consequently, the rate of evaporation reduces.
Q99. Which of the following statements is not true: 1 Mark
A All forms of matter have volume. B All forms of matter have colour.
C All forms of matter have mass. D All of the above are true.
Ans: B All forms of matter have colour.
Explanation:
Some forms of matter like air, pure water, etc., are colourless.
While all forms of matter have volume, mass and can be living or non-living.
Q100. Which of the following phenomena always results in the cooling effect? 1 Mark
A Condensation B Evaporation C Sublimation D None of these
Ans: B Evaporation
Q101. Why do we wear cotton clothes in summer: 1 Mark
A Cotton absorbs water B It leads to sweating C Both a and b D None of above
Ans: A Cotton absorbs water
Explanation:
Cotton absorbs water, and thus, causes sweating. Sweat comes out the clothing and in contact with the atmosphere.
It evaporates taking up the heat from the surrounding and thus, gives a cooling effect.
Q102. Evaporation occurs only: 1 Mark
A After boiling B After extreme cooling
C At the surface of a liquid D If boiling occurs at atmospheric pressure
Ans: C At the surface of a liquid
Q103. The force of attraction among the constituent particles is ________ in solids, ________ in liquids and __________ in gases. 1 Mark
A weak, very weak, very high B weak, weak, very weak
C very high, weak, very weak D very high, very weak, high
Ans: C very high, weak, very weak
Explanation:
The force of attraction among the constituent particles is very high? in solids, weak? in liquids and very weak? in gases.
So, there are more spaces between the particles of gases, lesser between those of liquids, and least in solids.
This is responsible for the respective properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Q104. Evaporation is indirectly proportional to ___________? 1 Mark
A Temperature B Surface area C Humidity D Wind speed
Ans: C Humidity
Q105. Spreading of smell proves that _____________? 1 Mark
A Matter is made up of small particles B The particles in matter are in motion
C Both A and B D None of above
Ans: C Both A and B
Q106. Which one of the following statement is correct in respect of fluids? 1 Mark
A Only gases behave as fluids. B Gases and solids behave as fluids.
C Gases and liquids behave as fluids. D Only liquids are fluids.
Ans: C Gases and liquids behave as fluids.
Explanation:
Gases and liquids behave as fluids because fluids are the substances that have the ability to flow. Gases and liquids can flow easily because their particles are free
to move.
Q107. The amount of heat which is used to change the state of matter not for increase the temperature is called: 1 Mark
A Latent heat. B Specific heat. C Heat capacity. D None of the above.
Ans: A Latent heat.
Q108. Which are the favourable conditions for liquefaction of petroleum gas: 1 Mark
A High pressure, high temperature. B Low pressure, low temperature.
C High pressure, low temperature. D Low pressure, high temperature.
Ans: C High pressure, low temperature.
Q109. Choose the incorrect statement: 1 Mark
A We should wear cotton clothes in summer. B Plasma is superenergetic and superexcited particle.
C B.E.C. (Bose-Einstein Condensate) are formed by cooling gas of very low D Terylene can absorb sweat more than cotton.
density at super low temperature.
Ans: D Terylene can absorb sweat more than cotton.
Explanation:
Lightweight cotton is one of the most breathable fabrics and offers some airflow for drying out the dampness. Because cotton is a natural fiber, it absorbs moisture
rather than repelling it (forcing the sweat to sit on your skin). Since it absorbs moisture so easily, pit stains are often a problem.
Fibres coming out from fabric Natural fibres are blended with synthetic fibres to obtain more superior and useful.
Fibres: These are called mixed fibres. Some well-known mixed fibres are tricot (terylene + cotton), berry silk (terylene + silk) and try wool (terylene + wool). Terry
silk cloth Terrycot cloth.
Q110. During respiration, glucose and oxygen enter our body cells and waste products carbon dioxide and water leave the body cells by the process of: 1 Mark
 A Effusion. B Osmosis. C Diffusion. D Plasmolysis.
Ans: C Diffusion.
Explanation:
Because diffusion is a process in which there is a movement of particles from a region of high concentration to the one with low concentration across the cell
membrane.
Q111. Speed of a car is 40km/h. What is the time taken if the distance between 2 cities is 480km? 1 Mark
A 10h B 11h C 14h D 12h
Ans: D 12h
Q112. The correct procedure of heating iron-sulphur mixture to prepare iron sulphide is: 1 Mark
A Heat the powder mixture at the base of the test tube using a blue flame B Heat the iron filings and sulphur mixture in the middle of the test tube using
throughout. yellow flame throughout.
C Heat the powder mixture at the top of the test tube using an orange flame D Heat the iron filings-sulphur mixture at 3 quarters of the test tube using a
4
throughout.
red flame throughout.
Ans: A Heat the powder mixture at the base of the test tube using a blue flame throughout.
Q113. Find out the incorrect increasing/decreasing order in the following: 1 Mark
A Force of attraction: Oxygen < water < sugar B Increasing intermolecular space: Solids < liquids < gases
C Diffusion: Solid < liquid < gas D Kinetic energy: Hydrogen > honey > water
Ans: D Kinetic energy: Hydrogen > honey > water
Eplanation:
because as we know that kinetic energy of the gases is maximum, liquid is intermediate and solids is minimum. Hence, the order is
Hydrogen (gas) > honey (solid but has high density than water) > water.
Q114. The boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C, respectively. Which one of the following correctly represents their boiling 1 Mark
points in kelvin scale:
A 306K, 329K, 391K. B 308K, 329K, 392K. C 308K, 329K, 391K. D 329K, 392K, 308K.
Ans: C 308K, 329K, 391K.
Explanation:
Each Celsius measurement can be converted to a Kelvin measurement by adding 273. So, 35°C + 273 = 308K, 56°C + 273 = 329 K, 118°C + 273 = 391K.
Q115. Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to _________ on the liquid surface: 1 Mark
A Heating B Cooling C Vapours D Precipitation
Ans: B Cooling
Explanation:
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
When the liquid starts boiling, the molecules of the liquid which are present at the upper level have maximum kinetic energy.
Because of that, they overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction, and evaporation starts.
As, the faster-moving molecule having maximum kinetic energy escapes, the temperature of the liquid decreases, and the liquid starts cooling.
Q116. Coolers are more effective in areas with ___________? 1 Mark
A Low humidity B High humidity C Both A and B D None of above
Ans: A Low humidity
Q117. The rate of evaporation increases with: 1 Mark
A Increase of surface area B Increase of temperature
C Increase in wind speed D All of above
Ans: D All of above
Q118. Which of the following factor can affect evaporation: 1 Mark
A High pressure on liquid surface B Specific heat
C Latent energy D All of above
Ans: A High pressure on liquid surface
Q119. Which of the following is a bulk phenomenon: 1 Mark
A Boiling B Evaporation C Adsorption D None of the above
Ans: A Boiling
Explanation:
In boiling, all particles get energy when they heated.
Evaporation takes place on the surface. it is a surface phenomenon.
Adsorption also takes place on the surface. It is also a surface phenomenon.
Q120. Choose the correct statement of the following: 1 Mark
A Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is B Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is
called vapourisation. called sublimation.
C Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is D Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation.
called freezing.
Ans: B Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.
Explanation:
Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. Deposition is a thermodynamic process. The reverse
of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation.
Q121. Which one of the following statements is not true? 1 Mark
A The molecules in a solid vibrate about a fixed position. B The molecules in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern.
C The molecules in a gas exert negligibly small forces on each other, except D The molecules of a gas occupy all the space available.
during collisions.
Ans: B The molecules in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern.
Q122. The property to flow is unique to fluids. Which one of the following statements is correct? 1 Mark
A Only gases behave like fluids. B Gases and solids behave like fluids.
C Gases and liquids behave like fluids. D Only liquids are fluids.
Ans: C Gases and liquids behave like fluids.
Explanation:
In both gases and liquids, inter-molecular forces of attraction and intermolecular spaces are such that they facilitate the flow of these states of matter.
Q123. Evaporation occurs at _______ temperature. 1 Mark
A High B Low C All D None of the above
Ans:
C All
Q124. During summer season, water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool because of the phenomenon of: 1 Mark
A Diffusion B Transpiration C Osmosis D Evaporation
Ans: D Evaporation
Explanation:
An earthen pot (matka) has small pores in it.
Water seeps through these pores and reaches the outer surface of the earthen pot.
This water then evaporates by taking heat from the earthen pot, thereby making it cooler.
Q125. Which of the following statements is/ are correct: 1 Mark
A Inter particle spaces are maximum in the gaseous state of a substance B Particles which constitute gas follow a zig-zag path
C Solid state is the most compact state of substance. D All are correct
Ans: D All are correct
Explanation:
In gaseous phase particles are present at a maximum distance or loosely apart from each other while solid has tightly packed particles in compact form.
Particles follow a specific motion (zig-zag path) called as Brownian motion.
Q126. Seema visited a Natural Gas Compressing Unit and found that the gas can be liquefied under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. While sharing her 1 Mark
experience with friends she got confused. Help her to identify the correct set of conditions:
A Low temperature, low pressure. B High temperature, low pressure.
C Low temperature, high pressure. D High temperature, high pressure.
Ans: C Low temperature, high pressure.
Explanation:
Low temperature and high pressure are required to liquefy gases to liquids. There is a lot of space between the particles of a gas. On applying high pressure, the
particles of gas move get so close that they start attracting each other sufficiently forming a liquid.
When gas is compressed too much, heat is produced, so it is necessary to cool it. Cooling lowers the temperature of compressed gas and helps in liquefying it.
Hence, a gas can be liquefied by applying high pressure and lowering the temperature (cooling).
Q127. Which of the following is not a characteristic of matter? 1 Mark
A Matter is made up of extremely small particles. B There is no space between particles of matter.
C The particles of matter are continuously moving. D The particles of matter attract each other.
Ans: B There is no space between particles of matter.
Q128. Which of the following is not correct about evaporation? 1 Mark
A It is surface phenomenon. B It takes place at all temperatures.
C It causes cooling as it takes heat from surroundings. D Its rate decreases with decrease in humidity.
Ans: D Its rate decreases with decrease in humidity.
Explanation:
Temperature: The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in temperature.
Surface area: The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in surface area.
Humidity: The amount of water vapour present in the air is called humidity. The rate of evaporation decreases with an increase in humidity.
Wind speed: Evaporation increases with an increase in wind speed.
Q129. Which condition out of the following will increase the evaporation of water: 1 Mark
A Increase in temperature of water B Decrease in temperature of water
C Less exposed surface area of water D Adding common salt to water
Ans: C Less exposed surface area of water
Explanation:
As the temperature of the water increases, the kinetic energy increases
As a result, the force of attraction between the molecules decreases, and the molecules become more and more separated.
Thus, increasing the temperature of a body of water also often increases evaporation.
This is because as the temperature rises, the water molecules begin moving about more rapidly and will finally escape.
Q130. What is latent heat of vaporization: 1 Mark
A Heat absorbed when a substance changes phase from solid to gas. B Heat absorbed when a substance changes phase from liquid to gas.
C Heat released when a substance changes phase from liquid to gas. D Heat absorbed when a substance changes phase from gas to liquid.
Ans: B Heat absorbed when a substance changes phase from liquid to gas.
Exaplantion:
Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat absorbed when 1 kg of liquid changes into vapor at constant temperature.
When a liquid vaporize at the normal boiling point the temperature of the liquid will not rise beyond the temperature of the boiling point.
Q131. One of the following does not undergo sublimation. This one is: 1 Mark
A Iodine. B Sodium chloride. C Ammonium chloride. D Camphor.
Ans: C Ammonium chloride.
Explanation:
Sodium chloride does not undergo sublimation because it does not show direct change from solid state to liquid state.
Q132. Water stored in earthen pots become cool in summer because of: 1 Mark
A Condensation B Evaporation C Precipitaion D None of these
Ans: B Evaporation
Explanation:
The water kept in an earthen pot remains cool even in summer because of evaporation.
Earthen pot has a large number of tiny pores in its walls and some of the water molecules continuously keep seeping through these pores to outside the pot.
This water evaporates continuously and takes the latent heat required for vaporization from the remaining water. In this way, the remaining water loses heat and
gets cooled.
Q133. Why does applying spirit give us a cool sensation: 1 Mark
A Spirit condenses quickly. B Spirit evaporates at a slower rate.
C Spirit evaporates quickly. D None of above
Ans: C Spirit evaporates quickly.
Explanation:
Spirits are very volatile liquids, which means they evaporate very quickly. When we apply spirit on our body, its particles gain energy from the surface and
evaporate, thus, giving our body a cool sensation.
Q134. Spacing between particles of gas can be decreased. Hence, __________? 1 Mark
A They have no compressibility B They are rigid
C They have compressibility D None of above
Ans: C They have compressibility
 Explanation:
Spacing between particles of gas can be can be decreased by increasing pressure.
Hence, gases have high compressibility. Solids and liquids are not compressible as the spacing between their particles cannot be decreased.
Q135. Which of the following has a direct effect on the kinetic energy of particles: 1 Mark
A Pressure B Potential energy C Temperature D All of the above
Ans: C Temperature
Explanation:
When the temperature of a substance is increased collision, rate between particles increases which increases.
The speed of particles which implies that the kinetic energy of particles is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.
Q136. You are given the following substances with their boiling and melting points. 1 Mark

SubstanceBoiling Point (ºC)Melting Point (ºC)

A -183 -219
B 445 119
C 78 -15

Point out the physical states of A, B and C at room temperature (30°C).

A A-Gas, B-Solid, C-Liquid B A-Gas, B-Liquid, C-Solid
C A-Liquid, B-Solid, C-Gas D A-Solid, B-Liquid, C-Gas
Ans: A A-Gas, B-Solid, C-Liquid
Q137. What happens when a solid melts: 1 Mark
A Its molecules move faster B Its molecules move closer together
C The movement of its molecules decreases D The temperature decreases although heat is added
Ans: A Its molecules move faster
Explanation:
Solid-state has the least intermolecular space and most packed structure.
On heating of a solid, the intermolecular forces decrease, space between the molecules increases.
The particles gain energy and there is an increase in kinetic energy and the molecules move faster.
Q138. The smell of the deodorant sprayed on one side of the room travels to the other side of the room.This proves that: 1 Mark
A Particles of matter have space B Particles of matter are continuously moving
C Particles of matter attract each other D None of the above
Ans: B Particles of matter are continuously moving
Q139. When liquid takes up heat from the surrounding, the surrounding ____________? 1 Mark
A Cools down B Heats up C Remains unchanges D None of above
Ans: A Cools down
Explanation:
Liquid requires latent heat of vaporization.
So, when the liquid takes up the heat from the surrounding to vaporize, the temperature of surrounding reduces, and it cools down due to loss of heat.
Q140. The temperature remains constant during melting and all the ice changes into water. The enthalpy change associated with this process is due to _____________? 1 Mark
A latent heat of fusion B latent heat of vaporisation
C latent heat of evaporation D latent heat of sublimation
Ans: A latent heat of fusion
Explanation:
Latent heat is the energy released or absorbed by a body during a constant temperature process.
An example is a phase transition such as ice melting or water boiling.
Heat absorbed during melting is called latent heat fusion.
Q141. In which case the rate of evaporation is higher: 1 Mark
(1) A test tube filled with water.
(2) China dish filled with water.
A 1 B 2
C Both 1 and 2 have same rate D Data insufficient
Ans: B 2
Q142. Which one of the following sets of phenomena would increase on raising the temperature? 1 Mark
A Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases. B Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility.
C Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases. D Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of gases.
Ans: C Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases.
Explanation:
Evaporation, diffusion and expansion of gases increase on raising the temperature.Evaporation rate increases because on increasing temperature, kinetic energy
of molecules increases, so the molecules present at the surface of the liquid leave the surface quickly and go into the vapour state. Diffusion and expansion of
gases also increase as the molecules move more rapidly and try to occupy more space.
Q143. Change in the state of matter can be brought by changing: 1 Mark
A Temperature B Pressure C A or B D None of these
Ans: C A or B
Explanation:
Matter changes from one state to another by changing temperature or pressure.
We can convert matter from one state to another by adding or removing energy(heat), i.e, by changing temperature.
Or by changing the pressure we can bring the molecules closer or take them far apart.
This also can change the state of the matter.
Q144. The five basic elements that the matter is thought to be made of is: 1 Mark
A Earth, sky, land, water, air B Earth, sky, air, water, ice
C Earth, ice, sky, water, fire D Air, earth, sky, fire, water
Ans: D Air, earth, sky, fire, water
Q145. The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma as _____________? 1 Mark
A Electrically conductive B Non-conductive C Ductile D Compressible
Ans: A Electrically conductive
Q146. Inter-particle spaces are minimum in: 1 Mark
A Gases B Liquids C Solids D Gases and solids
Ans: C Solids
 Explanation:
Lnter-particle spaces are minimum in solids, due to which solids are generally densely packed.
Liquids have more inter-particle spaces than solids and gases have the maximum inter-particle spaces between them.
Q147. Which of the following activity proves that particles of matter have space between them: 1 Mark
A Dissolution of sugar into water B Dilution of potassium permanganate solution
C Breaking the stream of water D None of the above
Ans: A Dissolution of sugar into water
Q148. Rate of change of displacement is called: 1 Mark
A Speed B Deceleration C Acceleration D Velocity
Ans: D Velocity
Q149. One small crystal of potassium permanganate can colour large volume of water. This proves that ____________? 1 Mark
A Matter is made up of wave B Matter is made up of tiny particles
C Matter is made up of large particles D Matter cannot be divided further
Ans: B Matter is made up of tiny particles
Explanation:
This experiment proves that matter is made up of tiny particles which spread through the solution making it coloured.
Q150. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same.
Reason (R): The heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q151. Which of the following energy is absorbed during the change of state of a substance? 1 Mark
A Specific heat. B Latent heat. C Heat capacity. D Heat of solution.
Ans: B Latent heat.
Explanation:
Latent heat is absorbed because during change of state because it is the heat energy that has to be supplied to change the state of a substance.
Q152. An earthenware keeps water cool but a metallic vessel does not because: 1 Mark
A Earthenware has pores. B Metals are good thermal conductors
C Metal wares are heat resistant. D Earthen wares are impervious.
Ans: A Earthenware has pores.
Explanation:
An earthenware keeps water cool but a metallic vessel does not because earthenware has pores.
Because of these pores, some of the water can easily evaporate through them, because of this evaporation the water inside is kept cool.
This is not possible in a metallic vessel.
Q153. The latent heat of vaporization of water is: 1 Mark
6 6 4 5
A 22.5 × 10 J/ kg B 3.34 × 10 J/ kg C 22.5 × 10 J/ kg D 3.34 × 10 J/ kg
6
Ans: A 22.5 × 10 J/ kg
Explanation:
This value is fixed and is found by performing the experiment in the lab.
Q154. Which of the following represent the suitable condition for the liquefaction of gases? 1 Mark
A Low temperature, low pressure. B High temperature, low pressure.
C Low temperature, high pressure. D High temperature, high pressure.
Ans: C Low temperature, high pressure.
Explanation:
With the help of experiments it can be shown that at low temperature and high pressures, gases will liquefy. Because these factors affect the interaction force of
molecules i.e. the molecules are able to establish a force of attraction between them on lowering the temperature and increasing pressure.
Q155. The conversion of a solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called: 1 Mark
A Vaporization. B Fusion. C Sublimation. D Freezing.
Ans: C Sublimation.
Explanation:
The transformation of a solid directly into vapour, on heating, is known as sublimation.
Q156. In which state of matter, process of diffusion is fastest? 1 Mark
A Liquids B Gases C Solids D Semi - solids
Ans: B Gases
Q157. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed at the bottom of water in a beaker, the water in the whole beaker turns purple on its own, even without 1 Mark
stirring. This is an example of:
A Distribution. B Intrusion. C Diffusion. D Effusion.
Ans: C Diffusion.
Explanation:
Both water and potassium permanganate are made up of tiny particles. The particles of potassium permanganate are coloured while those of water are colorless.
When the crystals of potassium permanganate are kept in water, the purple-coloured crystals of potassium permanganate break further into smaller particles that
occupy the space between the molecules of water imparting a purple colour to the water.
Q158. The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called: 1 Mark
A Sublimation B Evaporation C Cooling D Boiling
Ans: B Evaporation
Explanation:
Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase below its boiling point.
Q159. On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to kelvin scale, the correct sequence of temperature will be: 1 Mark
A 298K, 311K and 339K. B 298K, 300 K and 338K. C 273K, 278K and 543K. D 298K, 310K and 338K.
Ans: A 298K, 311K and 339K.
Explanation:
Therefore, the correct sequence of temperature will be 298K, 311K and 339K.
On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C, to kelvin scale, we get the following temperatures:
25°C + 273 = 298 K ? 38°C + 273 = 311K ? 66°C + 273 = 339K.
Therefore, the correct sequence of temperature will be 298K, 311K and 339K.
Q160. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one of the following represents a correct arrangement? 1 Mark
A Water, air, wind B Air, sugar, oil C Oxygen, water, sugar D Salt, juice, air
Ans: C Oxygen, water, sugar
Explanation:
The force of attraction between the particles increases as we go from liquid to gas so the required order is: Oxygen<water<sugar.
Q161. Which of the following statements is incorrect: 1 Mark
A Melting and freezing point of a substance are the same. B Evaporation of liquid takes place only at its boiling point.
C Pure water has no taste. D Water allows sunlight to pass through it
Ans: B Evaporation of liquid takes place only at its boiling point.
Exaplantion:
During evaporation, water does not convert into a gas or steam, but the random movement of molecules on the surface of the water provides some of the
molecules with enough energy to escape from the surface into the air.
Q162. Water purified by the process of evaporation and condensation can contain: 1 Mark
A Salt B Sand C Oil D None of the above
Ans: D None of the above
Explanation:
Most impurities have boiling points lower than that of water.
During evaporation, only water evaporates leaving the impurities behind.
So, when we condense the water vapour, we mostly get pure water with no impurities in it.
Q163. On increasing the temperature, the rate of evaporation _________? 1 Mark
A Increases B Decreases C Remains same D Data insufficient
Ans: A Increases
Explanation:
On the increasing temperature, the energy of particles increases, therefore, it is easy to convert to vapor phase as compared to particles that have less or no
energy.
Q164. In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase? 1 Mark
1. Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed container.
2. Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container.
3. Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas.
4. Adding more hydrogen gas to the container without increasing the volume of the container.
A (i) and (iii). B (i) and (iv). C (ii) and (iii). D (ii) and (iv).
Ans: C (ii) and (iii).
Explanation:
Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container will result in the availability of more free space for the remaining hydrogen molecules. Hence, the particles will be
able to move more freely and the distance between them will increase. Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas will also result in the increase of
motion of particles. There will be more space available for the particles to move. As a result, the particles will move away from each other causing an increase in
distance between them.
Q165. Which of the following is a surface phenomenon? 1 Mark
A Boiling B Evaporation C Dilution D None of the above
Ans: B Evaporation
Explanation:
Boiling is a bulk phenomenon because all molecules gain energy on heating.
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon as the molecules of the surface gets sufficient energy to overcome the force of attraction which will help in converting to the
vapour phase.
Dilution is also a bulk phenomenon as the volume of solution increases throughout the bulk of the solution.
Q166. During summer days, water kept in an earthen pot (pitcher) becomes cool because of the phenomenon of: 1 Mark
A Diffusion B Transpiration. C Osmosis. D Evaporation.
Ans: D Evaporation.
Explanation:
An earthen pot has a large number of extremely small pores on its wall. Some of the water continuously keeps seeping through these pores. This water evaporates
continuously and takes the latent heat required for vaporization from the earthen pot and the remaining water. In this way, the remaining water loses heat and gets
cooled.
Q167. As solid melts to form liquid: 1 Mark
A Inter particle distance increases. B Inter molecular forces of attraction decreases.
C Compressibility increases. D All of the above.
Ans: D All of the above.
Q168. The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell of the cold food you have to go close.Which property of matter does this 1 Mark
activity show:
A Particles of matter have space B Energy of particles of matter increases with increase in temperature
C Particles of matter attract each other D None of the above
Ans: B Energy of particles of matter increases with increase in temperature
Exaplantion:
Particles of matter are continuously moving from one end to another, thereby transferring smell from one place to another.
The reason why the smell of hot sizzling food goes farther than cold food is because the kinetic energy of the particles of matter increases with the increase in
temperature.
So, particles in the smell of hot food have a higher kinetic energy and hence, move farther than those of cold food.
Q169. Evaporation that occurs directly from the solid phase below the melting point is called as: 1 Mark
A Sublimation B Condensation C Distillation D None of above
Ans: A Sublimation
Q170. A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept, because: 1 Mark
A Of weak intermolecular attractive forces. B Of strong intermolecular attractive forces.
C Of very weak intermolecular repulsive forces. D Of rigidity.
Ans: C Of very weak intermolecular repulsive forces.
Explanation:
The force of attraction between particles of gas is negligible. Because of this, particles of gas move in all directions. Thus, a gas fills the vessel completely in which
it is kept.
Q171. When salt is dissolved in water _______________? 1 Mark
A The particles of water get into the spaces between particles of salt B The particles of salt get into the spaces between particles of water
 C The particles of salt sit on the top of particles of water D The particles of water sit on the top of particles of salt
Ans: B The particles of salt get into the spaces between particles of water
Q172. Why does the boiling point of water decrease at higher altitudes: 1 Mark
A Atmospheric pressure is low at higher altitudes. B Temperature is low at higher altitudes.
C Atmospheric pressure is high at higher altitudes. D None of the above.
Ans: A Atmospheric pressure is low at higher altitudes.
Exaplantion:
Have a friend put their hands on your shoulder and push down. Now try to jump upwards.
It's difficult to do so right?
You would need more energy to jump higher correct?
The same applies to molecules of water.
The air pressure exerts a force on them which they must overcome in order to boil.
The greater the air pressure the greater the temperature at which the water will boil.
Q173. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one of the following represents the correct 1 Mark
arrangement?
A Water, air, wind. B Air, sugar, oil. C Oxygen, water, sugar. D Salt, juice, air.
Ans: C Oxygen, water, sugar.
Explanation:
The above order is correct because the forces of attraction is more in solids compared to liquids and gases. Forces of attraction is least in gases.
Q174. When a gas jar full of air is placed upside down on a gas jar full of bromine vapours, the red-brown vapours of bromine from the lower jar go upward into the jar 1 Mark
containing air. In this experiment.
A Air is heavier than bromine. B Both air and bromine have the same density.
C Bromine is heavier than air. D Bromine cannot be heavier than air because it is going upwards against
gravity.
Ans: C Bromine is heavier than air.
Explanation:
The process occurring here is diffusion and it is unaffected by the mass. Therefore, bromine being heavier, mixes with the colourless air.
Q175. Assertion (A): Liquids diffuses more easily as compared to gases. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces are greater in liquids than in gases.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Q176. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
When steam condenses to form water, heat is __________.

Ans:When steam condenses to form water, heat is Released.

Q177. Assertion (A): The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Increase in temperature decreases the kinetic energy of the particles.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q178. As the temperature rises, particles move ________. 1 Mark

Ans:As the temperature rises, particles move Faster.

Q179. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): Steam is better the boiling water for heating purposes.
Reason (R): Steam contains more heat in the form of latent heat than boiling water.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q180. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
The best evidence that the particles of matter are constantly moving comes from the studies of ________ and ________.

Ans:The best evidence that the particles of matter are constantly moving comes from the studies of Diffusion and Brownian motion.
Q181. Higher the melting point of a substance, …… will be the force of attraction between its particles. 1 Mark

Ans:Higher the melting point of a substance, lesser will be the force of attraction between its particles.
Explanation:
The temperature at which solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.
Q182. Assertion (A): The solids do not diffuse in air. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The particles are loosely packed in solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q183. The rate of diffusion of liquids is ………… than that of solids. 1 Mark

Ans:The rate of diffusion of liquids is more than that of solids.

Q184. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): Camphor burns with a lot of residue.
Reason (R): Camphor undergoes sublimation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Q185. The phenomenon of change of liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is called _________. 1 Mark

Ans:The phenomenon of change of liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.
Q186. Assertion (A): A gas can easily be compressed by applying pressure. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Since the inter-particle spaces between gases are very large, they can decrease by applying pressure.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q187. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
The smell of perfume gradually spreads across a room due to _________.

Ans:The smell of perfume gradually spreads across a room due to Diffusion.

Q188. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
Gases can be liquefied by applying ________ and lowering _________.

Ans:Gases can be liquefied by applying Pressure and lowering Temperature.

Q189. Assertion (A): Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The intermolecular force of attraction is very strong in gases.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q190. Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to __________ a effect. 1 Mark

Ans:Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to cooling a effect.

Q191. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
Scientists say that there are actually five states of matter: Solid, liquid, gas, ___________ and ___________.

Ans:Scientists say that there are actually five states of matter: Solid, liquid, gas, Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC).
Q192. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
Solid, liquid and gas are the three _________ of matter.

Ans:Solid, liquid and gas are the three States of matter.

Q193. Particles from the bulk of the liquid gain energy to change into ……… state. 1 Mark

Ans:Particles from the bulk of the liquid gain energy to change into vapour state.
Explanation:
Boiling is a bulk phenomenon. Particles from the bulk of the liquid gain enough energy to change into the vapour state.
Q194. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): Gases diffuses more easily as compared to liquids.
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces are greater in solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q195. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): When Sugar and Salt are kept in a container, they take the shape of the container.
Reason (R): Sugar is liquid.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Q196. Assertion (A): Steam is better the boiling water for heating purposes. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Steam contains more heat in the form of latent heat than boiling water.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q197. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
The state of matter called _________ makes a fluorescent tube (or neon sign bulb) to glow.

Ans:The state of matter called Plasma makes a fluorescent tube (or neon sign bulb) to glow.
Q198. Fill in the blank. 1 Mark
The arrangement of paritcles is less ordered in the ______ state. However, there is no order in the ______ state.

Ans:The arrangement of paritcles is less ordered in the liquid state. However, there is no order in the gaseous state.
Explanation:
There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
Solids have molecules that are packed together so that they do not move around. The molecules are not too far apart so that they are able to move around.
Liquids are able to flow and move around because their molecules are not packed too closely together, so they are able to move.
Gases are able to spread out because there is a lot of space between the molecules, which allows them to move as well.
Q199. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
Temp on Kelvin scale = Temp on Celsius scale + _________.

Ans:Temp on Kelvin scale = Temp on Celsius scale + 273

Q200. Assertion (A): There is a change in the temperature of the substance when there it undergoes a change in state through it is still being heated. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The heat supplied is either absorbed as a latent heat of fusion or a latent heat of vapourisation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Q201. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): The boiling point of water is 100 C.
Reason (R): The boiling point of water increases at higher altitudes.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Q202. With increase in temperature, the kinetic energy of the particles also _____. 1 Mark

Ans:With increase in temperature, the kinetic energy of the particles also Increases.
Q203. Assertion (A): lce floats on water. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Liquids have lower density than solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q204. Assertion (A): Camphor burns with a lot of residue. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Camphor undergoes sublimation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Q205. What is the chemical name of dry ice? 1 Mark

Ans:Carbon dioxide (solid).

Q206. Assertion (A): When Sugar and Salt are kept in a container, they take the shape of the container. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Sugar is liquid.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q207. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): A gas can easily be compressed by applying pressure.
Reason (B): Since the inter-particle spaces between gases are very large, they can decrease by applying pressure.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q208. Fill in the blank. 1 Mark
______ is the change of gaseous state directly to solid state without going through the ______ state.

Ans:Sublimation is the change of gaseous state directly to solid state without going through the liquid state.
Explanation:
It is a change in which gaseous state directly changes to solid state without going through liquid and vice versa.
Q209. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): Liquids diffuses more easily as compared to gases.
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces are greater in liquids than in gases.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Q210. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are ____________ than those which exist in the gaseous state.

Ans:At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are Much more than those which exist in the gaseous state.
Q211. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): There is a change in the temperature of the substance when there it undergoes a change in state through it is still being heated.
Reason (R): The heat supplied is either absorbed as a latent heat of fusion or a latent heat of vapourisation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Q212. Naphthalene undergoes the process of _____. 1 Mark

Ans:Naphthalene undergoes the process of Sublimation.

Explanation:
Naphthalene undergoes the process of sublimation. Sublimation is a change of state directly from solid to gas without changing to liquid state or vice versa.
Q213. Fill in the blank. 1 Mark
Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to a ______ effect.

Ans:Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to a cooling effect.

Explanation:
Cooling effect...as the latent heat of vaporization is taken away from the body or a plate or container, body, plate or container gets cooled.
Q214. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: 1 Mark
The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the ________ State. However, there is no order in the ________ State.

Ans:The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the Liquid State. However, there is no order in the Gaseous State.
Q215. Assertion (A): When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
 C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Q216. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): The solids do not diffuse in air.
Reason (R): The particles are loosely packed in solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Q217. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): The conversion of a solid directly into a gas is known as sublimation.
Reason (R): Naphthelene does not leave residue when kept open for sometime.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q218. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature.
Reason (R): Increase in temperature decreases the kinetic energy of the particles.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Q219. Assertion (A): The boiling point of water is 100 C. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The boiling point of water increases at higher altitudes.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q220. Assertion (A): The conversion of a solid directly into a gas is known as sublimation. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Naphthelene does not leave residue when kept open for sometime.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q221. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): lce floats on water.
Reason (R): Liquids have lower density than solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q222. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 1 Mark
Assertion (A): It is easier to cook food at sea level as compared to higher altitudes.
Reason (R): The boiling point of water increases at high altitudes.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Q223. Fill in the blank. 1 Mark
The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called _______.

Ans:The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.
Explanation:
Evaporation can take place at ANY temperature. It depends upon CONCENTRATION of water vapor in air (humidity). If the humidity is low, the evaporation will be
fast even at temperatures below room temperature.
Q224. Assertion (A): Gases diffuses more easily as compared to liquids. 1 Mark
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces are greater in solids.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q225. Assertion (A): It is easier to cook food at sea level as compared to higher altitudes. 1 Mark
Reason (R): The boiling point of water increases at high altitudes.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation
assertion. of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Assertion is false, but reason is true.

Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.

Q226. Fill in the blank. 1 Mark

At room temperature the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are _______ than those which exist in the gaseous state.

Ans:At room temperature the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are stronger than those which exist in the gaseous state.
Explanation:
Having no attractive force between the molecules of in a substance is almost the exact definition of an ideal gas. If there is no attractive force between the
molecules, there is no reason for the molecules to stick together into a liquid or a solid.
Q227. Tabulate the differences in the characterisitcs of states of matter. 5 Marks

Ans:The differences in the characteristics of states of matter are given in the following table.

S.N
Solid state Liquid state Gaseous state
o.
No definite shape. Liquids attain the shape of the vessel in which Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definit
1. Definite shape and volume.
they are kept. e volume.
2. Incompressible. Compressible to a small extent. Highly compressible.
There is little space between the particles The space between gas particles is the greates
3. These particles have a greater space between them.
of a solid. t.
These particles attract each other very stro The force of attraction between liquid particles is less than solid p The force of attraction is least between gaseous
4.
ngly. articles. particles.
Gaseous particles are in a continuous, random
5. Particles of solid cannot move freely. These particles move freely.
motion.

Q228. Show by an activity that the gases are highly compressible as compared to liquids. 5 Marks

Ans:AIM - To show that gases are more compressible than solids and liquids.
MATERIAL REQUIRED - Syringe(100ml, two), rubber cork.
PROCEDURE:
1. Try to push the piston into both the syringes with almost equal force. See what happens.
2. Insert a nozzle in each syringe into a rubber cork.
3. Pull out the piston from both the syringes.
4. Fill one with water. Let other one have water inside it.
5. Insert piston in both the syringes.
OBSERVATIONS:
The piston can be easily pushed inside the syringe that contained it.
The piston in the syringe filled with water cannot be pushed inside.
CONCLUSION:
Gases are highly compressible.
Liquids are slightly compressible.
Q229. Describe an activity of determine the boiling point of water and melting point of ice. 5 Marks

Ans:

Determination of boiling point of water:

1. In a beaker take some water and insert a thermometer in it with the help of a clamp.
2. Put the beaker on a tripod stand and heat the apparatus with the help of kerosene burner slowly.
3. Observe what happens to water.
4. You will observe a steady stream of bubbles. This temperature is the boiling point of water.
Determination of melting point of ice:
1. Take crushed ice in a beaker and insert a thermometer in the beaker by hanging it from the clamp of the stand in such a way that the bulb of the thermometer is
completely inside the ice.
2. Wait for some time and keep recording the temperature after small intervals of time.
3. Note down the temperature when ice just starts melting.
4. Let the bulb of the thermometer remain in mixture of ice and water for some more time and keep recording the temperature. This temperature is the melting point
of ice.
Q230. Pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance. Explain this in detail. 5 Marks

Ans:1. Any matter i.e., solid, liquid or gas when experiences an increase in temperature then they change their state.
heat heat
Example: Solid ice → Liquid water → Gas steam
Take ice cubes in a beaker or heat them slowly, the temperature increases and the ice melts to form liquid. Heat this liquid further it will become steam.
2. On lowering down the temperature of any matter, show change in their state.
cool cool
Example: Solid steam → Liquid water → Solid ice
Take the steam that is coming out of a boiling water and allow it to cool down, it condenses to form water and on further cooling of this water we get ice.
3. On applying pressure and reducing temperature we can liquefy gases or change them into solid.
Example: Take carbon-dioxide gas, reduce its temperature and apply lot of pressure on it so that it changes into solid carbon dioxide, called dry ice, which is used
as refrigerant for cooling.
If the pressure on it is decreased it directly changes into gas.
In LPG cylinders, the petroleum gas is cooled and with lot of pressure changes it into liquid state.
While using this LPG, we release the pressure exerted on it and hence it comes out in the form of gas.
Q231. Write an activity of show that the rate of diffusion of liquids decreases with increase in density of the liquids. 5 Marks

Ans:Take two beakers filled with water:

1. Put a drop of blue ink slowly along the sides of the first beaker and honey in the same way in another beaker.
2. Leave it undisturbed.
3. We observe that honey diffuses slowly as compared to ink.
This experiment shows that lesser the density, faster the rate of diffusion.
Q232. You are provided with a mixture of naphthalene and ammonium chloride by your teacher. Suggest an activity to separate them with well labelled diagram. 5 Marks

Ans:Naphthalene is insoluble in water but soluble in ether (an organic solvent) whereas ammonium chloride is soluble in water. Naphthalene is volatile at room
temperature whereas ammonium chloride is volatile at a higher temperature. Their mixture can be separated through decantation of their aqueous mixture.
Naphthalene remains insoluble in water and can be collected in a funnel. The filtrate of ammonium chloride can be evaporated to obtain dry ammonium chloride.

Q233. When extremely small particles X derived from the another of a flower were suspended in a liquid Y and observed through a microscope, it was found that the 5 Marks
particles X were moving throughout the liquid Y in a very zig zag way. It was also observed that warmer the liquid Y, faster the particles X moved in its surface.
1. What could particles X be?
2. What do you think liquid Y is?
3. What is the zig-zag movement of particles X?
4. What is causing the zig-zag movement of particles X?
5. Name the scientist who discovered this phenomenon.
6. What does this experiment tell us about the nature of liquid Y?

Ans:1. The particles, 'X' are pollen grains.

2. The fluid, 'Y' is Water.
3. The zigzag movement of 'X' is called Brownian motion.
4. The zigzag motion of the pollen grains occurs because the particles of water are in constant motion. These particles collide with the pollen grains and cause
them to move.
5. Robert Brown is the scientist who discovered Brownian motion.
6. Liquid Y is made up of extremely small particles, which are moving constantly.
Q234. Which of the following are matter? 4 Marks
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, lemon water, smell of perfume.

Ans:Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. Matter can exist in three physical states— solid, liquid, and gaseous.
Chair and almond are forms of matter in the solid state.
Cold drink is a liquid state of matter.
Air is a gaseous state of matter.
Note: The sense of smell is not matter. However, the smell or odour of a substance is classified as matter. The smell of any substance (say, perfume) can be
classified as matter. This is because, perfume is in liquid state inside the bottle. It comes out in the form of tiny droplets. These droplets of perfume are matter and
spread out in the atmosphere to create a sense of smell. This smell can be detected by our olfactory system.
Q235. By which physical process the fragrance of burning an incense stick spreads all around? 4 Marks

Ans:When we observe the incense stick that is burning, we can observe it smell from the several metres away.
The smoke of incense stick is the gaseous state of matter.
Smoke of incense stick is gaseous state of matter has the larger intermolecular space and highest kinetic energy.
So because of the high kinetic energy its particle starts vibrating and move rapidly and reaches to our nose from the several metres away.
So, two factors that are responsible for this spirit of smell are:-
1. Intermolecular space.
2. Higher kinetic energy in the particles.
Q236. How will you determine the melting point of ice experimentally with the help of a neat and labelled diagram? 4 Marks

Ans:To determine the melting point of ice we need:

1. Beaker
2. Funnel
3. Stand
1
4. Thermometer 2
5. Crushed ice and Stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Take a funnel and fix it in the stand. place the beaker below the funnel. put some ice cubes in the funnel. take the thermometer and find the least count and also
find the least count in stopwatch.
2. Suspend the thermometer in such a way that the bulb is well inside the crushed ice.
3. Note the readings on the thermometer.
Q237. Look at the diagram on the right side. Jar A contains are d-brown gas whereas Jar B contains a colourless gas. The two gas jars are separated by a glass plate 4 Marks
placed between them:

1. What will happen when the glass plate between the two jars is pulled away?
2. What name is given to the phenomenon which takes place?
3. Name the brown gas which could be in jar A.
4. Which is the colorless gas most likely to be present in jar B?
5. Name one coloured solid and one colourless liquid which can show the same phenomenon.

Ans:1. When the glass plate between the two jars is pulled away then the red brown gas will diffuse from jar A into colourless jar B and vice versa, due to which the red
brown colour will spread into jar B.
2. The phenomenon occurring here is diffusion.
3. Bromine vapour.
4. Air.
5. Potassium permanganate (coloured solid) and water (colourless liquid) also show the same phenomenon.
Q238. Write an activity to show that water can be made to boil even at a temperate below its normal boiling point (100°C). 4 Marks

Ans:Activity:
1. Take some warm water in a cup. Gently, fill a 12ml plastic syringe with around 3ml of the warm water from the cup.
2. Hold the syringe horizontally and press your index finger tightly over the tip of the syringe.
3. Slowly pull out the plunger. The plunger will show some resistance and it pulls back in the opposite direction.
4. Allow the plunger to slide back slowly into the syringe and then pull the plunger out again. Release the plunger quickly.
5. Pull the plunger out the 2nd time. Bubbles will start forming as the water in the syringe boils.
Explanation:
The boiling of water does not only depend on temperature. Pressure also plays a role in the boiling of any liquid. When the pressure goes down below the
atmospheric pressure of 1atm, water starts to boil at a temperature lower than its boiling temperature. By pulling the plunger out, we increase the volume inside the
syringe but decrease the pressure. This causes the water molecules to gain more kinetic energy. The increase of energy breaks the forces of attraction between
the water molecules and they begin to move freely. Hence the water starts to boil.
Q239. There are four substances W, X, Y and Z. The substance W is a dark violet solid having diatomic molecules. A solution of W in alcohol is used as a common 4 Marks
antiseptic C. The substance X is a white solid which is usually recovered from sea water on a large scale. The substance Y is a white solid which is insoluble in
water and used in the form of small balls for the safe storage of woollen clothes. The substance Z is a yet another white solid which is used in making commonly
used dry cells.
1. Name (i) W (ii) X (iii) Y and (iv) Z.
2. Out of W, X, Y and Z, which substance/ substances can undergo sublimation?
3. Which substances organic in nature?
4. What is the name of substance C?
5. Which substance belongs to the halogen family?

Ans:1. The names are:

Iodine.
Sodium chloride, which is commonly known as common salt.
Naphthalene.
Ammonium chloride.
2. In this ‘W’-iodine, ‘Y’-naphthalene and ‘Z’-ammonium chloride that undergo sublimation.
3. ‘Naphthalene’ is organic in nature.
4. The name of the substance ‘C’ is tincture iodine.
5. In this Iodine belongs to the halogen family.
Q240. When a beam of sunlight enters a room through a window, we can see tiny particles X suspended in a gas (or rather a mixture of gases) Y which are moving rapidly 4 Marks
in a very haphazard manner.
1. What could particles X be?
2. Name the gas (or mixture of gases) Y.
3. What is the phenomenon exhibited by particles X known as?
4. What is causing the movement of particles X?
5. What conclusion does the existence of this phenomenon give us about the nature of matter?
Ans:1. The particles, 'X' are dust particles.
2. Gas 'Y' is Air.
3. This phenomenon being exhibited by 'X' particles is called the Brownian motion.
4. The fast moving air molecules are constantly hitting the tiny dust particles, causing them to move rapidly in a very haphazard manner.
5. The gaseous matter ‘air’ is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving.
Q241. If the back of your hand is moistened with alcohol, you will find that it rapidly becomes dry. Why is it that while it is drying, your hand feels cool? 4 Marks

Ans:Liquids like alcohol, petrol and perfume are volatile (which can change into vapours easily). When we apply alcohol to the back of our hand, we find that it dries up
quickly and while it is drying, the hands feel cold. This happens due to the fact that to change from liquid to the vapour state, alcohol requires latent heat of
vaporization. The alcohol takes this latent heat of vaporization from the hand due to which the hand loses heat and we feel cold.
Q242. A student heats a beaker containing ice and water. He measures the temperature of the content of the beaker as a function of time. Which of the following would 4 Marks
correctly represent the result? Justify your choice.

Ans:Graph (d) represents the result correctly. Before the student starts to heat the mixture, the temperature of the mixture would be zero since ice and water are in
equilibrium. When the student heats the mixture, heat supplied (equivalent of latent heat of fusion) is initially utilized by ice in melting. Hence, the temperature does
not change till all the ice in the beaker melts. This explains the first part of the graph (constant temperature). When the student heats the mixture further, he will
observe an increase in the temperature of the water inside the beaker. This explains the second part/ slope of the graph (increasing temperature).
Q243. How will you determine the boiling point of water experimentally? Draw a neat and labelled diagram. 4 Marks

Ans:Explanation:
Take a clean beaker of volume 200ml, fill the beaker with 100ml of distilled water.
Now place a tripod stand on the Bunsen burner. Place wire gauze on the tripod stand.
Keep the beaker filled with water and thermometer dipped in it on the wire gauze and light the Bunsen burner.
When small bubbles are observed on the walls of beaker take the temperature reading from the thermometer and remove the flame.

Q244. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than from a cup? 4 Marks

Ans:If the hot tea or milk is taken in a cup, then due to the narrow shape of the cup, the surface area of hot tea in the cup is comparatively small. Due to this, the
evaporation of hot tea is slow, cooling caused by evaporation is less and hence the hot tea remains appreciably hot for a much longer time. On the other hand, the
saucer has a large surface area due to which the tea taken in the saucer evaporates much faster, thus cooling it quickly and making it convenient to sip or drink.
Q245. The melting point of ice is 273.16K. What does this mean? Explain in detail. 3 Marks

Ans:
Ice is solid at 0°C i.e., 273°K. The molecules of ice are tightly packed. These molecules have to overcome the force of attraction with which they are held and
hence they gain this heat from the surrounding but the temperature remains the same as their energy is used to overcome the force of attraction between the
particles. The particles have their state and starts vibrating freely and a stage reaches when the solid ice melts and is converted to liquid state at the same
temperature i.e., 273K.
Q246. How gases can be liquefy? 3 Marks

Ans:In general, gases can be liquefied by one of three general methods:

1. By compressing the gas at temperatures less than its critical temperature.
2. By making the gas do some kind of work against an external force, causing the gas to lose energy and change to the liquid state.
3. By using the Joule-Thomson effect.
Q247. Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-up to study the latent heat of vaporization of water. 3 Marks

Ans:

Q248. Name the scientist who studied the movement of pollen grains suspended in water through a microscope. What is this phenomenon known as? 3 Marks

Ans:Robert Brown suspended extremely small pollen grains in water and observed it through a microscope. It was found that pollen grains were moving very rapidly
throughout the water in a very irregular way. He also observed that warmer the water, faster the pollen grains move on the surface of water. This phenomenon is
known as the ‘Brownian Motion’.
Q249. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone (or perfume) on it? 3 Marks

Ans:Acetone (or perfume) is volatile in nature. When we apply it to our palm, we feel cold. This happens due to the fact that to change from liquid to the vapour state,
acetone requires latent heat of vaporization. Acetone takes this latent heat of vaporization from the hand due to which the palm loses heat and feels cold.
Q250. What type of clothes should we wear in summer? Why? 3 Marks

Ans:We should wear cotton clothes in hot summer days because we perspire more through the pores of the skin during such days. Since, sweat is mainly water and
cotton clothes are good absorber of water, they absorb the sweat quickly and expose it to the atmosphere for evaporation. The evaporation of sweat from the
cotton clothes takes the latent heat of vaporization from our skin hence the skin loses heat and makes us feel cool and comfortable.
Q251. Alka was making tea in a kettle. Suddenly she felt intense heat from the puff of steam gushing out of the spout of the kettle. She wondered whether the 3 Marks
temperature of the steam was higher than that of the water boiling in the kettle. Comment.

Ans:The temperature of steam is not different from that of boiling water. The high energy of steam leads Alka to wonder whether the temperature of steam was higher
than that of the water boiling in the kettle. The temperature of boiling water as well as that of steam is 100°C, but steam has more energy because of the latent heat
of vaporization.
Q252. Describe by experiment the relationship between the rate of diffusion and density of the liquid. 3 Marks

Ans:Diffusion is one of the most important chemical characteristics of a substance which is necessary for different chemical reactions.
The rate of diffusion is dependent on many chemical and physical characteristics of that substance, such as density.
The rate of diffusion and the density of the substance are inversely proportional to each other.
Which means, a higher density substance will perform the diffusion slowly than a lower density substance.
Q253. A sample of water under study was found to boil at 102°C at normal pressure. Is the water pure? Will this water freeze at 0°C? Comment. 3 Marks

Ans:The boiling point of pure water is 100°C at 1 atm. The freezing point of pure water is 0°C. The sample of water under study boils at 102°C at normal pressure.
Hence, the sample is not pure water. The sample of water is not pure, it will not freeze at 0°C. It will freeze at a temperature below 0°C.
Q254. How is high compressibility property of gas is useful to us? 3 Marks

Ans:The gases have high compressibility. This property is used in the following situation:
1. LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a fuel which is made up of petroleum gas. On compressing this petroleum gas it forms liquid.
2. Oxygen cylinders in the hospitals have compressed gas filled in it.
3. CNG (compressed natural gas) is a natural gas, methane, which is compressed and used as a fuel in vehicles and at home.
Q255. Show by an experiment that by increasing the temperature, the substance can be changed into liquid and then into vapours. 3 Marks

Ans:Take some ice cubes in a beaker and heat it by spirit lamp or Bunsen burner and put a thermometer in the beaker, when the temperature reaches to zero degree
Celsius the temperature will not increase.
Till the whole amount of ice does not changes into its liquid state next heat it continuously and then when the temperature reaches hundred degree Celsius the
temperature will not increase till the whole amount of water does not changes into its gaseous state as water vapours.
Q256. How will you demonstrate that water vapour is present in air? 3 Marks

Ans:The presence of water vapour in air can be demonstrated by the following experiment: We take a steel tumbler and put some well crushed ice in it. Allow the
steel tumbler to stand undisturbed for about 5 minutes with the ice in it. We would observe that a large number of tiny drops of water appear on the outer surface
of the steel tumbler. This happens because the air around the steel tumbler contains water vapour in it. When these water vapour come in contact with the cold,
outside surface of steel tumbler, they condense to form tiny drops of liquid.
Q257. Explain why, ice at 0°C is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature. 3 Marks

Ans:This is due to the fact that for melting, each kilogram of ice takes its latent heat of 3.34 × 105 joules from the substance and hence cools the substance more
effectively. On the other hand, water at 0° cannot take any such latent heat from the substance.
Q258. How are particles of matter affected with increasing or reducing pressure at a given temperature? 3 Marks

Ans:Increasing or decreasing the pressure can change the state of matter. Applying pressure and reducing temperature can liquefy gases.
For an example, Solid carbon dioxide (CO2) is stored under high pressure. Solid CO2 gets converted directly to gaseous state on decrease of pressure to 1
atmosphere without coming into liquid state. This is the reason that solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice.
Q259. Why does the temperature remain constant during the melting of ice even though heat is supplied continuously? 3 Marks

Ans:The heat energy supplied to ice during the change of state (at its melting point) is all used up in overcoming (or breaking) the force of attraction between its
particles without increasing its kinetic energy. Since the heat (or latent heat) supplied during the change of state does not increase the kinetic energy of the ice
cubes, therefore no rise in temperature takes place. The temperature remains constant.
Q260. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over a gas jar containing bromine vapour, the red-brown bromine vapour diffuse into air. Explain how bromine vapour 3 Marks
diffuse into air.

Ans:Both bromine gas and air is made up of tiny moving particles. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over gas jar containing bromine vapour, both bromine and air
molecules move and collide with one another and bounce about in all directions due to which we see a uniform red brown colour in both the jars.
Q261. Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-up to demonstrate the sublimation of ammonium chloride. 3 Marks

Ans:

Q262. Comment on the following statements: 3 Marks

1. Evaporation produces cooling.
2. Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in humidity.
3. Sponge though compressible is a solid.

Ans:1. Evaporation produces cooling.This is based on the fact that when a liquid evaporates, it takes (or draws) the latent heat of vaporisation from ‘another matter’
which it touches. This ‘another matter’ looses heat and gets cooled. Therefore, evaporation causes cooling.
2. If humidity is high, then air is already saturated with water vapours, i.e., it has a lot of water vapours. Therefore, it will not take more water vapours easily. Hence,
rate of evaporation decreases.
3. Sponge has minute holes in which air is trapped. The material is also not so rigid. On pressing this, air is expelled out, that is why it can be compressed but it is
solid as it has a definite shape and volume and does not change its shape unless compressed.
Q263. You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but the problem is that it is still wet after a wash. What steps would you take to dry it faster? 3 Marks

Ans:This can be done by the following (any one or more) steps:

1. Dry it under the fan: Under the fan when the speed of wind increases, the particles of water vapour from the shirt move away with the wind, decreasing the
amount of water vapour in the surroundings. It increases the rate of evaporation of water and the washed wet shirt dries more quickly.
2. Use hanger for exposing its larger surface to air: When shirt is spread, it has large surface area. This makes the evaporation of water faster. Due to this, shirt
dries up more quickly.
3. Dry it in Sun: On sunny day, temperature of atmosphere is more, therefore, the rate of evaporation increases. It is because, on increasing temperature, more
particles of water get enough kinetic energy to go into the vapour state. This increases the rate of evaporation.
4. Use iron: By the use of iron, temperature increases and water converts into vapour state (steam) very quickly. Hence, rate of evaporation increases and shirt
dries very quickly.
Q264. Explain why, osmosis can be considered to be a special kind of diffusion. Classify the following into (i) osmosis, and (ii) diffusion: 3 Marks
1. Swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water.
2. Spreading of virus on sneezing.
3. Earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt.
4. Shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup.
5. Preserving of pickles in salt.
6. Spreading of smell of cake being baked in the kitchen.
7. Aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during respiration.

Ans:Osmosis is considered to be a special kind of diffusion because it takes place only through a semi-permeable membrane, which allows only solvent particles to
pass through it.
1. Osmosis: a, c, d and e.
2. Diffusion: b, f and g.
Q265. Draw a cyclic figure to show interconversation of states and explain fusion, vapourisation, condensation, solidification and sublimation. 3 Marks

Ans: The flow diagram to illustrate inter conversion of three states of matter is given above:

Sublimation: Sublimation is the transition from the solid phase to the gas phase (or from gas phase to solid phase) without passing through an
intermediate liquid phase.
Vaporisation: The transition of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase.
Condensation: Condensation is the process by which substance transitions from a gas (or vapour) phase into a liquid phase.
Fusion: when a solid substance is heated it changes its state of matter and converted into liquid phase. this process is called fusion.
Solidification: The process of conversion of liquid into solid phase cooling or drying or crystallization.
Q266. On a hot sunny day, why do we feel pleasant sitting under a tree? 3 Marks

Ans:Tree has lot of leaves which constantly show transpiration. Transpiration is loss of water through small tiny pores of leaves called stomata. When this water comes
on the surface of leaf the water evaporates thereby causing cooling effect. Therefore we feel pleasant sitting under the tree on a hot sunny day.
Q267. Why is heat energy needed to melt a solid? What is this heat energy called? 3 Marks

Ans:When a solid is heated, the heat energy makes its particles vibrate more vigorously. At the melting point, the particles of solid have sufficient energy to overcome
the strong forces of attraction holding them in fixed positions and break to form small groups of particles. This heat energy is kinetic energy.
Q268. What is the value of the latent heat of fusion of ice? 3 Marks

Ans:Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1kg of a solid into liquid at its melting point. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 80cal/g.
Q269. Why burns caused by the steam are much more severe than boiling water? 3 Marks

Ans:Steam causes more severe burns that boiling water because even when both are in equal temp. steam will require to give latent heat also to change its state and
then it will give away heat until the object's temp is made equal to the steam and therefore it will giveaway more heat and so cause more severe burn.
Q270. A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles on hammering, but it is not possible to break a piece of iron in the same fashion. Why? 3 Marks

Ans:Because of forces of attraction. Force of attraction between particles of chalks is less than force of attraction between particles of iron and because of weak forces
of attraction in chalk piece, we are able to break it easily and it's difficult to break a piece of iron.
Q271. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why. 3 Marks

Ans:The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.
Though ice is a solid, it has large number of empty spaces between its particles. These spaces are larger as compared to the spaces present between the particles
of water. Thus, the volume of ice is greater than that of water. Hence, the density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than water can
float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.
Q272. Why is it advisable to use pressure cooker at higher altitudes for cooking food? 3 Marks

Ans:It is advisable to use pressure cooker at higher altitudes for cooking food because:
A liquid boils only when its vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is very low. This causes the water to
boil at a lower temperature which will take a lot of time for food to be cooked. A pressure cooker stops the boiling of water at lower temperature.
As a result, food cooks quickly.
Q273. Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-up to study the latent heat of fusion of ice. 3 Marks

Ans:
Q274. Bromine and air take about 15 minutes to diffuse completely but bromine diffuses into a vacuum very rapidly. Why is this so? 3 Marks

Ans:Bromine diffuses slowly in air because the motion of bromine particles is obstructed due to the collision with the moving air particles. But bromine diffuses very
rapidly in vacuum because in vacuum there is no gas, and the motion of the particles of bromine gas is not obstructed by any other particle. Therefore, the
diffusion rate in vacuum is high.
Q275. Ice at 0°C is more effective in cooling than water at 0°C. Give reason. 3 Marks

Ans:Both ice and water at 0°C cool down other bodies by extracting heat from them. However, when you supply heat to water, it's temperature rises, but in the case of
ice, it first melts, and then the temperature of the formed water rises.
Therefore, even if both the ice and the water end up as water finally, the ice extracts an extra amount of heat from the body to be cooled, given by:
ΔH = L f × M
Q276. Water as ice has a cooling effect, whereas water as steam may cause severe burns. Explain these observations. 3 Marks

Ans:In the case of ice, the water molecules have low energy; while in the case of steam, the water molecules have high energy. In the case of ice, the water molecules
absorb energy from the body and thus produce a cooling effect. On the other hand, the high energy of water molecules in steam is transformed as heat which may
cause burns.
Q277. State two characteristic properties each of: 3 Marks
1. A solid
2. A liquid
3. A gas

Ans:1. Characteristics of a solid:

Solids have a fixed shape and fixed volume.
Solids do not flow.
2. Characteristics of a liquid:
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, they take the shape of the vessel in which they are placed.
They generally flow easily.
3. Characteristics of a gas:
Gases can be compressed easily.
Gases fill their container completely.
Q278. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot, dry day? 3 Marks

Ans:The cooling in a desert room cooler is caused by the evaporation of water. The higher temperature on a hot day increases the rate of evaporation of water, and the
dryness of air also increases the rate of evaporation of water. And due to this increased rate of evaporation of water, a desert room cooler works better on a hot
and dry day.
Q279. With the help of an example, explain how diffusion of gases in water is essential? 3 Marks

Ans:The gases from the atmosphere diffuse and dissolve in water. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in water, are essential for the survival of aquatic
animals and plants.
Animals breathe in this oxygen dissolved in water for their survival and plants can use carbon dioxide dissolved in water for photosynthesis.
Q280. Classify the following into osmosis/ diffusion: 3 Marks
1. Swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water.
2. Spreading of virus on sneezing.
3. Earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt.
4. Shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup.
5. Preserving pickles in salt.
 6. Spreading of smell of cake being baked through out the house.
7. Aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during respiration.

Ans:Osmosis occurs in:

1. Swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water.
3. Earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt.
4. Shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup.
5. Preserving pickles in salt.
Diffusion occurs in:
2. Spreading of virus on sneezing.
6. Spreading of smell of cake being baked throughout the house.
7. Aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during respiration.
Q281. It is a hot summer day, Priyanshi and Ali are wearing cotton and nylon clothes respectively. Who do you think would be more comfortable and why? 3 Marks

Ans:Cotton is a soft fibre whereas nylon is a synthetic polymer. Cotton absorbs water (moisture) better as compared to nylon. Therefore, cotton helps in a faster
absorption of sweat followed by evaporation. Evaporation of sweat from a cotton shirt, particularly during a windy weather, leads to a cooling effect. So, Priyanshi
would be more comfortable in a cotton shirt, whereas Ali (wearing a nylon shirt) would not be that comfortable.
Q282. Comment upon the following: 3 Marks
Rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.

Ans: Rigidity can be expressed as the tendency of matter to resist a change in shape.
Compressibility is the ability to be reduced to a lower volume when force is applied.
Fluidity is the ability to flow.
By filling a gas container we mean the attainment of shape of the container by gas.
Shape defines a definite boundary.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
Density is mass per unit volume.
Q283. ‘Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion’. Comment. 3 Marks

Ans:Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. In both the phenomena, there is a movement of particles from the region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration. However, in case of osmosis, the movement is of "solvent particles" from a less concentrated "solution" and the movement is through a semi-
permeable membrane.
Q284. Why does the temperature remain constant during the boiling of water even though heat is supplied continuously? 3 Marks

Ans:The heat energy supplied to water during the change of state (at its boiling point) is all used up in overcoming (or breaking) the force of attraction between its
particles without increasing its kinetic energy. Since the heat (or latent heat) supplied during the change of state does not increase the kinetic energy of the water,
therefore no rise in temperature takes place. The temperature remains constant.
Q285. Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during its melting point or boiling point? 3 Marks

Ans:The temperature of a substance remains constant during melting and boiling points till the completion of melting and boiling. It is because substance makes use of
latent heat of fusion to overcome force of attraction between particles of solid to change into liquid during melting and latent heat of vaporisation to overcome
force of attraction between particles of liquid to change into vapours during boiling.
Therefore, temperature remains constant.
Q286. How is melting point related to intermolecular forces of attraction? Why is latent heat of vaporization higher than latent heat of fusion? 3 Marks

Ans:1. Melting point is directly related to inter molecular forces of attraction i.e. higher is the inter molecular forces of attraction, higher is the melting point.
Melting point is the temperature at which solid phase is converted into liquid phase. Thus to break the strong molecular forces present in solid, energy has to be
supplied in the form of heat which helps to break the forces and molecules gain kinetic energy which overcome the inter molecular forces and thus liquid phase is
achieved.
2. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert 1 gram of liquid into its vapor state without change in its temperature. The latent heat of
vaporization of water is 40.67 kJ/mol.
Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to convert 1 gram of solid into its liquid state without change in its temperature. The latent heat of fusion of
water is 6.01 kJ/mol.
In fusion or melting, the molecules just need enough energy to slide around each other, while for vaporization, they need enough energy to completely escape the
system. Thus the enthalpy of vaporization is always going to be higher than the enthalpy of fusion.
Q287. The scientists now say that there are actually five states of matter A, B, C, D and E. The state A has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. The state B can be 3 Marks
compressed very easily by applying pressure and state C has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume. The state D is mixture of free electrons and ions whereas
state E is named after an Indian scientist and a famous physicist.
1. Name the physical states (i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D, and (v) E.
2. Name one substance belonging to state C which can directly change into vapours on heating. What is this process known as?
3. Name one substance which normally belongs to state B but whose solid form changes directly into gaseous state.
4. Name the most common substance belonging to state A.
5. Which state of matter makes the sum and other stars to glow.

Ans:1. The physical states are:

A-liquid.
B-gas.
C-solid.
D-plasma.
E-Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
2. Ammonium chloride; and the name of the process is sublimation.
3. Carbon dioxide.
4. Water.
5. Plasma is the state of matter that allows the sun and the other stars to glow.
Q288. The substance X normally exists in a physical state which can flow easily but does not fill its vessel completely. It also turns anhydrous copper sulphate blue. When 3 Marks
substance X is cooled excessively, it changes into a substance Y which has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume. If, however, the substance X is heated strongly,
it changes into a substance Z which has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
1. Name the substances (i) X (ii) Y and (iii) Z.
2. What is the process of conversion of X into Y known as?
3. At which temperature X gets converted into Y?
4. What is the process of conversion of X into Z known as?
5. At which temperature X gets converted into Z?

Ans:1. The substances X, Y and Z are water, ice and steam, respectively.
2. The process of conversion of X into Y is known as freezing.
3. At 0°C X is converted to Y.
4. Boiling or vaporisation is the name of the process of conversion of X to Z.
5. At 100°C X gets converted to Z.
Q289. What was the basic classification of element in ancient time? Name them. 3 Marks

Ans:In ancient time, the element is classified in the form of five basic elements – the “Panch Tatva” which are air, earth, fire, sky and water.
According to ancient people, living or non-living things was made up of these five basic elements.
Q290. Show experimentally that matter is made up of small particles. 3 Marks

Ans: Take 2-3 crystals of potassium permanganate and dissolve them in 100ml of water.
Take out approximately 10ml of this solution and put it into 90ml of clear water.
Take out 10ml of this solution and put it into another 90ml of clear water.
Keep diluting the solution like 5 to 8 times.
Is the water still coloured?
This experiment shows that just a few crystals of potassium can colour a large volume of water. So we conclude that there must be millions of tiny particles.
Q291. Explain why, we can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a plank of wood, we need a karate expert. 3 Marks

Ans:Air is a gas whose particles are very far apart and there are very weak forces of attraction between them. Extremely weak forces between particles of air can be
overcome easily due to which we can move our hand in air. On the other hand, the particles of a solid plank of wood are very closely packed and there are very
strong forces of attraction between the particles of wood. Hence, it needs a huge outside force to overcome the strong inter particle attractions which only a karate
expert can apply.
Q292. How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cold during summer? 3 Marks

Ans:The earthen pot (or matka) has a large number of extremely small pores on its walls. Some of the water kept in the earthen pot continuously keeps seeping through
these pores to the outside of the pot. This water evaporates continuously by taking the latent heat of vaporization from the earthen pot and the remaining water. In
this way, the earthen pot and remaining water loses heat and gets cooled.
Q293. Why do solids are generally denser than liquids and gases? 3 Marks

Ans:Density of a substance is given by a formula

Mass
Density = Volume
In case of solids the molecules are tightly packed and hence large mass is concentrated in very small volume. Hence their density is more. But in case of liquids
and gases, their molecules have intermolecular space and hence they don’t have large mass concentrated in small volume. So the density of solids is generally
more than that of the liquids and gases.
Q294. Look at the figure and suggest in which of the vessels A, B, C or D, the rate of evaporation will be the highest? Explain. 3 Marks

Ans:The rate of evaporation will be highest in vessel C as the surface area exposed for evaporation is larger than 6 (smaller size). The moving fan increases the wind
speed which also increases the rate of evaporation. Although A and D are also equal in size to that of C but A is at a greater distance from the fan and D is covered
with a lid.
Q295. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day? 3 Marks

Ans:When a liquid evaporates, the particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surroundings to compensate the loss of energy during evaporation. This makes the
surroundings cool.
In a desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption of energy from the surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings. Again, we
know that evaporation depends on the amount of water vapour present in air (humidity). If the amount of water vapour present in air is less, then evaporation is
more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapour present in air is less. Thus, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates more, thereby cooling the
surroundings more. That is why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
Q296. Cotton being a solid floats on water. Why? 2 Marks

Ans:Cotton in solid but it floats on water because Cotton has large number of pores, in which air is trapped. Hence reducing its density and increasing the volume.
Therefore cotton floats on water.
Q297. Name the chemical compound contains in nail-polish remover. 2 Marks

Ans:Acetone is one of the main components in nail polish remover. The formula is C3H6O. Acetone is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen combined. It is
a chemical that is found naturally in the environment and is produced in factories all over.
Q298. Explain why, a small volume of water in a kettle can fill a kitchen with steam. 2 Marks

Ans:A small volume of water heated in a kettle produces water vapour, which being a gas, spreads in the room due to weak inter-molecular forces of attraction between
the vapour particles and very high kinetic energy.
Q299. Define ‘boiling point’ of a substance? What is the boiling point of water? 2 Marks

Ans:The temperature, at which a liquid boils and changes rapidly into a gas at atmospheric pressure, is called boiling point of the liquid. The boiling point of water is
100°C.
Q300. Give reason for the following observations. 2 Marks
Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.

Ans:Naphthalene undergoes sublimation easily i.e., the change of state of naphthalene from solid to gas takes place easily. Thus, naphthalene balls disappear with time
without leaving any solid.