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Interaction Damage To Vessels Moored Alongside

The document discusses hydrodynamic interactions between ships, particularly focusing on the effects of speed and passing distance on interaction forces. It emphasizes the importance of proper mooring practices to prevent damage to moored vessels and outlines factors affecting hydrodynamic forces. Additionally, it provides recommendations for incident response and compliance with speed regulations to minimize risks during ship-to-ship interactions.

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16 views6 pages

Interaction Damage To Vessels Moored Alongside

The document discusses hydrodynamic interactions between ships, particularly focusing on the effects of speed and passing distance on interaction forces. It emphasizes the importance of proper mooring practices to prevent damage to moored vessels and outlines factors affecting hydrodynamic forces. Additionally, it provides recommendations for incident response and compliance with speed regulations to minimize risks during ship-to-ship interactions.

Uploaded by

Kara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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26/4/2025

HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS

Ship-to-ship interaction when approaching moored ship

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Ship-to-ship interaction when the bow passes moored ship

Ship-to-ship interaction when alongside moored ship

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Ship-to-ship interaction when stern passes moored ship

Ship-to-ship interaction when stern passes moored ship

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Ship-to-ship interaction when passed moored ship

Ship-to-ship interaction when passed moored ship


•Hydrodynamic Force and Speed
• Hydrodynamic force is heavily influenced by the ship's speed.
• The force change is proportional to the square of the speed.
• Doubling the ship's speed can quadruple the interaction force.
•Passing Distance
• The interaction force varies significantly with the passing distance.
• Increasing the passing distance decreases the interaction force.
Ship-to-ship interaction when passed moored ship
• Navigators should allow for larger passing distances in busy waterways.
• If passing closely is unavoidable, reduce the ship’s speed.
•Speed Regulations
• Ensure the ship’s maneuvering speed aligns with the terminal’s regulated speed limit.
• Adjust speed according to current circumstances and conditions.
•Blockage Effect
• Larger ships create a larger blockage underwater.
• A ship with large displacement displaces more water ahead, to the sides, and underneath.
• Larger ships passing smaller ships have a more significant effect than similar-sized ships
passing each other.

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26/4/2025

Factors Affecting Hydrodynamic Forces


Speed of the Passing Vessel: Hydrodynamic force is approximately proportional to the square of the vessel’s
speed through the water.

Passing Distance: Reduced distance leads to greater hydrodynamic forces.

Underkeel Clearance: Smaller clearance results in greater hydrodynamic force.

Relative Displacement: The displacement of both vessels affects the interaction.

Berth Orientation: The orientation of the berth to the passing vessel matters.

Berth Type: Whether the berth is open to water on all sides or only on one side.

Damage to other ships without Contact


Moored Vessels
When a passing vessel causes a moored vessel to move, damage may occur to accommodation ladders, gangways, mooring
lines, fenders, or the berth. Cargo hoses or loading arms may also be damaged, leading to pollution. Proper mooring and
regular adjustment are essential to prevent such interactions.

Factors to Consider for Mooring:


1. Mooring Lines: Number, type, and condition of mooring lines, considering prevailing conditions, tide, current, and
passing traffic.
2. Rope Deployment: Whether ropes are run from winch drums, drum ends, or bitts.
3. Mooring Line Leads: Effective horizontal and vertical leads.
4. Rope Length: Avoid overly long ropes.
5. Elasticity: Avoid using different types of mooring lines with differing elasticity together.
6. Condition of Mooring Lines: Check for external damage and internal wear.
7. Knots and Splices: Ensure no ropes are knotted or fitted with short splices; properly made eye splices.
8. Winch Drums: Ensure all winch drums are working and utilized; auto-tension winches in use if fitted.
9. Winch Drum Brakes: Properly set-up brakes; check brake settings regularly.
10. Deck Watchkeeping Team: Composition and vigilance.
11. Regular Checks: Adjust mooring lines for tide changes and cargo operations.
12. Accommodation Ladder/Gangway Position: Avoid hazards ashore.

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Damage to other ships without Contact

Additional Considerations:

1. Winch Drum Brakes: Condition, banding thickness, and rust-free mating surface.
2. Split Winch Drums: Proper usage.
3. Ropes on Bitts: Laid-up according to best practice.
4. Watchkeeping practice: Regular checks and adjustments of mooring lines.

Incident Response incase of damage:

1. Letter of Protest: Lodge a protest with the passing vessel, agents, terminal, and port authority.
2. Data Backup: Backup VDR and ECDIS data.
3. Contact P&I Club: Notify local correspondent if damage occurs.

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Damage to other ships without Contact


Passing Vessels
When a vessel passes a moored vessel too closely or at high speed, it may cause the moored vessel to move and sustain
damage. Compliance with mandatory speed restrictions and minimum passing distances is crucial.

Factors to Consider:
1. Speed: Speed of the vessel through the water at the time of passing.
2. Distance: Distance off the moored vessel was passed.
3. Channel Position: Correct side of the channel.
4. Regulations: Compliance with speed restrictions and passing distances.
5. Other Vessels: Consider if another vessel could be responsible.

Recommendations:

1. Speed Reduction: Reduce speed in good time before passing moored vessels.
2. Data Backup: Backup VDR and ECDIS data if accused of causing damage.
3. Notify P&I Club: Contact local correspondent.

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